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The COVID-19 is a “unique” stressor, which can produce physical and psychological trauma. Coping styles can buffer this psychological impact. Consequently, this paper aims to psychometrically adapt the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) to Spanish and examines the relationships between FCV-19S, stress response, and coping strategies. The sample comprised a convenience sample of 1146 participants (12–83 years), 880 from Spain (76.8%), and 266 from Dominican Republic (23.2%). Overall, the findings support a one-factor structure for FCV-19S, consisting of 7-items, and was invariant across age, sex, occupational status, and cross-national. Therefore, indicating evidences of construct validity. Evidences of reliability were also observed (Cronbach’s α = .86, McDonald’s ω = .86, Guttmann’s λ6 = .86, greatest lower bound = .91, composite reliability = .85, and average variance extracted = .44). Moreover, as regards criterion-related validity, the mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between FCV-19S and acute stress was positive and high, with maladaptive coping styles mediating the relationship, and with a stronger mediation for men. The findings give evidences of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of FCV-19S among Spanish-speaker participants, which provides the chance of cross-cultural studies.

Few studies have investigated body-dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms in adolescents and how they relate to mental health, quality of life, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-harm. We used a quota sampling procedure and contacted 100 secondary centres in the Southeast of Spain, of which 34 participated in the study. A sample of 5,345 adolescents (12–18 years) completed dimensional measures of body-dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms. The proportion of adolescents with clinically significant symptoms within each symptom type was estimated and associations with other indicators of mental health examined. Clinically significant body-dysmorphic symptoms were reported by 3.7%, hoarding by 0.9%, hair-pulling by 0.7%, and skin-picking by 1.8%. Body-dysmorphic symptoms were more common in girls and in those over 14 years of age. Body-dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms were moderately to strongly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and poor quality of life. Those with significant body-dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms were much more likely to have attempted suicide and engaged in non-suicidal self-harm during the last twelve months than those without such symptoms. Body-dysmorphic symptoms showed the strongest associations with internalizing symptoms and poor quality of life. Limitations are the sole use of self-report and a sample from only two regions in Spain, but findings suggest that body-dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms are common and impairing during adolescence.

The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It is one of the self-report measures of international use in clinical practice and research, although so far it has no validation in Spanish-Speaking adolescents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity evidence (structure, convergent and criterion), and the temporal and gender invariance of the MHC-SF in Spanish adolescent population.Two assessment moments with a 6-month time interval were used, with an initial sample of 5,479 adolescents and a later sample of 2,129.The CFA showed optimal fit for the bi-factor model, and an adequate fit for correlated three-factor model. The results of the gender and temporal invariance analysis showed optimal fit. Reliability coefficients were all higher than .77. The MHC-SF presented significant positive associations (p.001) with indicators of well-being (r.60) and negative associations with indicators of psychological distress (r-.21).The MHC-SF shows evidence of reliability and validity in Spanish adolescents, being the bi-factor model invariant through time and across gender groups.

There is mounting empirical evidence of the detrimental effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on mental health. Previous research has underscored the effects of similar destabilizing situations such as war, natural disasters or other pandemics on acute stress levels which have been shown to exacerbate current and future psychopathological symptoms.To explore the role of acute stress responses (intrusive, avoidance and hyperarousal) as mediators in the association between fear of COVID-19 and emotional dysfunction-related problems: Depression, agoraphobia, panic, obsessive-compulsive, generalized anxiety, social anxiety and health anxiety symptoms.A sample of 439 participants from a university community in Spain (age: mean ± SD: 36.64 ± 13.37; 73.1% females) completed several measures assessing their fear of COVID-19, acute stress responses and emotional dysfunction syndromes through an online survey. Data collection was carried out from the start of home confinement in Spain until May 4, 2020, coinciding with initial de-escalation measures. Processing of the dataset included descriptive and frequency analyses, Mann-Whitney U Test of intergroup comparisons and path analysis for direct and indirect effects. This is an observational, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study.The prevalence of clinical symptoms in our sample, reported since the beginning of the pandemic, reached 31.44%. The female group presented higher scores although the effect size was small. Overall, the participants who exceeded the clinical cut-off points in emotional problems showed higher levels of fear of COVID-19 and of cognitive, motor and psychophysiological responses of acute stress, unlike the group with normative scores. In addition, the results show significant mediated effects of hyperarousal stress among fear of COVID-19 and emotional dysfunction psychopathology. However, the clinical syndromes most related to the consequences of the pandemic (The present study illustrates a clearer picture of the role of acute stress on several forms of psychopathology during the COVID-19 crisis and home confinement.

ResumenEl uso habitual de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) se da en todos los colectivos y sectores, si bien su mayor exposición en adolescentes ha hecho que nos preocupemos por las consecuencias negativas que pueda causar en esta población. Se estudia la frecuencia del uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes. Se administró el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet (CERI) y medidas ad-hoc para evaluar la frecuencia de uso de Internet y variables sociodemográficas en una muestra de 712 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años de la provincia de Alicante (sureste de España). Los resultados muestran que al menos el 14.8 % presenta puntuaciones elevadas en uso problemático de Internet. Además, se observa que el 20.9 % utiliza más de 4 horas al día Internet, mientras que el 45.4 % hace uso a diario de Internet, y el 51 % más de 10 horas a la semana. Se halló una relación significativa entre PIU y la frecuencia de uso diario, no así entre PIU y variables sociodemográficas. Estos datos suponen una primera aproximación al fenómeno en la provincia de Alicante que sugiere la necesidad de profundizar en estudios sobre este fenómeno emergente.AbstractThe common use of the information and communication technologies (ICT) occurs in all groups and sectors, while its greater exposure among adolescents has made us to worry about the negative consequences that may cause in this population. We study the frequency of experiences re­lated to the problematic use of Internet (PIU) in adoles­cents. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related with In­ternet (CERI) and ad hoc measures to assess the frequency of Internet use and socio-demographic variables were ad­ministered in a sample of 712 adolescents from 12 to 18 years of the province of Alicante (southeast of Spain). The results showed that at least 14.8 % presents elevated scores on PIU. Furthermore, 20.9 % of the sample used Internet more than 4 hours a day, while the 45.4 % makes use Internet daily, and 51 % more than 10 hours a week. We found a significant relationship between PIU and the frequency of daily use, but not between PIU and socio-demographic variables. These data represent a first ap­proach to the phenomenon in our community, which sug­gests the need for further studies on this emerging phe­nomenon.

Caplan's (2010) revised cognitive-behavioral model of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) has become one of the most promising theoretical frameworks on such behavior in the last decade. The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS2) (Caplan, 2010) has been adapted and validated for use with Spanish adolescents, but gender invariance has not been tested yet in this country. The present study focuses on three objectives: to confirm the factorial structure of GPIUS2, to analyze gender invariance, and to test Caplan’s theoretical model, in a sample of Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was composed of 909 participants from Spain, aged between 12 and 18 years (Mean age = 14.2, SD = 1.6). The results indicated a good fit of the GPIUS2 factor structure and gender factorial invariance. Moreover, the cognitive-behavioral model fit the data. GPIUS2 has a very good structure and presents gender factorial invariance, which favors its application in Spanish adolescent population. This study supports the cognitive-behavioral model of PIU. El modelo cognitivo-conductual revisado de Caplan (2010) sobre el Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) es uno de los marcos teóricos más prometedores sobre dicho comportamiento en la última década. La Escala Uso Problemático de Internet Generalizado (GPIUS2) (Caplan, 2010) ha sido adaptada y validada para su uso con adolescentes españoles, pero aún no se ha comprobado su invarianza de género en España. El presente estudio se centra en tres objetivos: confirmar la estructura factorial de la escala GPIUS2, analizar la invarianza de género de dicha escala y poner a prueba el modelo teórico de Caplan en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. Se realizó un estudio transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 909 participantes de España, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (Edad media = 14.2, DT = 1.6). Los resultados indicaron un buen ajuste de la estructura factorial del GPIUS2 e invarianza factorial en función del género. Además, el modelo cognitivo-conductual mostró un buen ajuste de los datos. La GPIUS2 tiene una muy buena estructura y presenta invarianza factorial para el género, lo que favorece su aplicación en la población adolescente española. Este estudio apoya el modelo cognitivo-conductual en el UPI.

Bullying can have serious physical and emotional consequences. In recent years, interest in this phenomenon has been growing, becoming a public health problem in the first world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Action for Neutralization of Bullying Program (ANA) in Spanish children. This study used a quasi-experimental design that included a pre-test evaluation, 2 months of intervention, a post-test, and 3 months of follow-up. A sample of 330 children aged 7–12 years (M = 9.27, SD = 1.09) from third to sixth grade participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-nine were girls (48.2%). The program consisted of eight group sessions in which empathy, assertiveness, communication skills, conflict resolution, and group cohesion were worked on. The results showed statistically significant reductions in verbal abuse behaviors (t = 4.76, p &lt, 0.001), direct social exclusion (t = 3.53, p &lt, 0.001), threats (t = 2.04, p = 0.042), aggression with objects (t = 3.21, p &lt, 0.001), and physical abuse (t = 4.41, p &lt, 0.001). The differences were not statistically significant for indirect social exclusion behaviors (t = 1.86, p = 0.065) or cyberbullying (t = 0.31, p = 0.756). The effects in the reduction of the bullying behaviors decreased after the implementation of the program, achieving even greater reduction in victimization behaviors after 3 months than immediately after the end of the program. These results indicate that the ANA program is effective in reducing bullying behaviors in a group of children. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

BACKGROUND The short form, 17-item version of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y) is a validated measure that assesses psychosocial problems overall (OVR) and in 3 major psychopathological domains (internalizing, externalizing, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), taking 5-10 min to complete. Prior research has established sound psychometric properties of the PSC-17-Y for English speakers. OBJECTIVE This study extends psychometric evidence for the acceptability of the PSC-17-Y in a large sample of Spanish adolescents, providing proof of its reliability and structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and longitudinal and gender invariance. METHODS Data were collected on 5430 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, who filled out the PSC-17-Y twice during 2018-2019 (7-month interval). We calculated the Cronbach alpha and the McDonald omega coefficients to test reliability, the Pearson correlation for convergent (distress) and criterion validity (well-being, quality of life, and socioemotional skills), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for structure validity, and multigroup and longitudinal measurement invariance analysis for longitudinal and gender stability. RESULTS Within structural analysis for the PSC-17-Y, CFA supported a correlated 3-factor solution, which was also invariant longitudinally and across gender. All 3 subscales showed evidence of reliability, with coefficients near or above .70. Moreover, scores of PSC-17-Y subscales were positively related with convergent measures and negatively related with criterion measures. Normative data for the PSC-17-Y are presented in the form of percentiles (75th and 90th). CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first evidence of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PSC-17-Y administered over the internet to assess mental health problems among adolescents, maintaining the same domains as the long version.

El auge de las agresiones cibernéticas entre estudiantes de secundaria y la importancia de ciertas variables de ajuste psicosocial para la comprensión de este tipo de conducta violenta, tanto en agresores como en víctimas, plantean como objetivo en el presente trabajo analizar el perfil psicosocial de ambos implicados en situaciones de ciberagresión. Las variables de ajuste analizadas fueron autoconcepto, estrés percibido, soledad, sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad social, satisfacción con la vida e inteligencia emocional. A partir de una muestra de 1318 adolescentes (47% chicos), de entre 11 y 18 años, se establecieron tres grupos de contraste para cibervíctimas (víctimas severas, moderadas y no cibervíctimas) y tres grupos para ciberagresores (ciberagresores severos, moderados y no ciberagresores). El análisis de varianza mostró que los implicados presentan perfiles psicosociales diferentes y deteriorados. Las cibervíctimas severas mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad, depresión y ansiedad social, y menor autoconcepto, satisfacción con la vida e IE, en comparación con las no cibervíctimas. Los ciberagresores severos mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad y depresión, y menor autoconcepto y satisfacción con la vida, comparativamente con los no ciberagresores. Estos resultados permiten profundizar en la comprensión del ciberacoso entre estudiantes y mejorar los programas preventivos y de intervención en escuelas. The rise of cyberbullying among high school students and the importance of certain variables of psychological adjustment for the comprehension of this type of violent behavior both in bullies and in victims. This work aims to analyze the psychological profile of individuals involved in situations of cyberbullying, both victims and bullies. The adjustment variables analyzed were self-concept, perceived stress, loneliness, depressive symptomatology, social anxiety, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. Using a sample of 1318 adolescents (47% boys), aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32), three contrast groups were established for cybervictims (severe cybervictims, moderate cybervictims, and non-cybervictims) and three groups for cyberbullies (severe cyberbullies, moderate cyberbullies, and non-cyberbullies). The results obtained through analysis of variance showed that both cybervictims and cyberbullies show deterioration in most of the studied dimensions, albeit with a different profile. Severe cybervictims showed higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, depression, and social anxiety, and lower scores in self-concept, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence, in comparison with non-cybervictims. Severe cyberbullies obtained higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, and depression, and lower scores in self-concept and life satisfaction, compared to non-cyberbullies. These results allow deepening our comprehension of cyberbullying among students to improve preventive and intervention programs in schools.

Advances in technology have introduced new challenges and issues for policymakers and researchers. There is some debate in the literature whether the Internet, Facebook, and online gaming addictions may be true addiction disorders or are all manifestations of a more general information technology addiction. The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in problematic Internet and Facebook use and online gaming, and the independence of these phenomena. The study sample comprised 500 college students, who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Online Gaming Scale. Males had more problems related to online gaming, and more problematic Internet and Facebook use. A bifactor model with one general and three specific factors - problematic online gaming, problematic Internet use and problematic Facebook use - obtained the best fit to the data. However, the specific variance explained by the factors of problematic Internet and Facebook use was low, but high in the case of problematic online gaming. Therefore, problematic online gaming seems to have more distinctive characteristics than the other two types of behavioural addictions., This work was supported by National Funds, provided through FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) to the strategic projects FIL/UI0683/2019 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562 and project UID/CED/00317/2019. Portuguese national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) within the framework of the CIEC (Research Center for Child Studies of the University of Minho) project under the reference UIDB/00317/2020

The DSM-5 introduced a new chapter called obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), which includes four disorders along with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder (HD), trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) (TTM) and excoriation (skin picking) disorder (SPD). The DSM-5 OCRDs subworkgroup developed several short self-report scales for BDD, HD, TTM, and SPD that not only reflect the DSM-5 criteria, but also are consistent in content and structure and can be used by mental health professionals to generate dimensional severity scores for each disorder. The scales were initially validated in adult samples and is therefore unclear if these scales can be reliably used in younger populations. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 OCRDs dimensional scales in a sample of 299 Spanish adolescents. The scales showed a one-dimensional structure, acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.69–0.89), convergent validity (rs=0.50–0.71), and significantly higher total values in individuals who indicated the presence of central symptoms of each disorder through diagnostic screening (Cohen's d = 0.65–1.59). The results provide support for further evaluation of these scales in clinical samples of adolescents with OCRDs.

The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S), which is a measure of core psychological assets based on a higher-order model of Covitality, is comprised of 36 items and four latent traits (with three measured subscales): belief in self (self-efficacy, self-awareness, and persistence), belief in others (school support, family coherence, and peer support), emotional competence (emotional regulation, behavioral self-control, and empathy), and engaged living (gratitude, zest, and optimism). Previous international studies have supported the psychometric properties of the SEHS-S. The present study extended this research by examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation with a sample of 1042 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.65.). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original factorial structure, with hierarchical omega between 0.66&ndash, 0.93, with 0.94 for the total score. Factorial invariance across genders revealed small latent mean differences. A path model evaluated concurrent validity, which revealed a significant association between Covitality and bidimensional mental health (psychological distress and well-being). Specifically, correlational analyses showed a negative association with internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and positive associations with subjective well-being, health-related quality of life, and prosocial behaviors. This study provides an example of a culturally relevant adaptation of an international tool to measure student strengths, which is critical to planning school programming and policy.

El objetivo de este estudio fue crear y validar la Escala de Estilo Controlador y comprobar su relación con la percepción de competencia del estudiante en educación superior. Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 276 estudiantes universitarios españoles con una media de edad de 22 años a los que se les midió el estilo controlador y la necesidad psicológica básica de competencia académica. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal fueron adecuados. El estilo controlador no presentó relación con la competencia percibida. Este estudio ha permitido proporcionar una escala válida y fiable que puede ser utilizada para medir el estilo interpersonal de tipo controlador del docente en educación superior.

Oral anticoagulant treatments, such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), are the main treatments administered to atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in order to prevent ischemic stroke (IS). However, the genes involved in the VKA metabolism can undergo variations in a single nucleotide (SNP). These SNPs may then affect the VKA target enzyme (VKORC1), VKA degradation enzyme (CYP2C9), and vitamin K bioavailability enzyme (CYP4F2). We genotyped these SNPs in a cohort of patients with non-valvular AF who were under VKA treatment after suffering an IS. Clinical variables, CHADS2-VASC score and data about the international normalized ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range were all recorded. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyping was carried out by DNA sequencing. The main endpoint was the time from VKA onset to IS. Of a total of 356 consecutive IS patients monitored, 33 were included in the study. The median time to the event was 2248.0 days (interquartile range [IQR] 896.3-3545.3). The median CHADS2-VASC score was 4.0 (IQR 3.0-6.0). When we considered the risk of IS within 2 years under VKA treatment, we found that only the rs2108622 AA genotype was significantly associated with this endpoint (early IS) (hazard ratio 6.81, 95% CI 1.37-33.92, p = 0.019). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis also showed a significant relationship between early IS and rs2108622 AA genotype (Log rank p = 0.022). The CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism was associated with a risk of early IS in NV-AF patients under VKA treatment.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between high social anxiety, academic goals and learning strategies in a sample of 2,022 (51.1% male) Spanish adolescents aged 12–16. The S...

The COVID-19 is a "unique" stressor, which can produce physical and psychological trauma. Coping styles can buffer this psychological impact. Consequently, this paper aims to psychometrically adapt the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) to Spanish and examines the relationships between FCV-19S, stress response, and coping strategies. The sample comprised a convenience sample of 1146 participants (12-83 years), 880 from Spain (76.8%), and 266 from Dominican Republic (23.2%). Overall, the findings support a one-factor structure for FCV-19S, consisting of 7-items, and was invariant across age, sex, occupational status, and cross-national. Therefore, indicating evidences of construct validity. Evidences of reliability were also observed (Cronbach's

A new line of treatment for premature ejaculation (PE) based on the use of masturbation aid device in combination with behavioral techniques has emerged in recent years. We report a multicenter randomized clinical trial with a parallel group design to determine the effectiveness of an electronic device called Myhixel I© in the treatment of PE. Forty patients who met the criteria for the diagnosis of lifelong PE, were assigned to two treatment groups completed the Sphincter control training (SCT) program in eight weeks. The only difference between groups was the use of the device. The main measure was the “fold increase” (FI) of the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). The geometric means of IELT show, at the end of the treatment at week 8, a superiority of the device group. The mean FI 4.27 (SD 2.59) at the end of treatment for the device group was clearly higher than obtained in the previous clinical trial, in which a specific medical device was not used. No side effects were observed and it required little therapeutic input and no partner involvement. The SCT program in combination with the Myhixel I© is an effective treatment for PE.

IntroductionCurrent evidence suggests that Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) has a limited role in the contemporary management of premature ejaculation (PE).AimThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a new CBT for the PE called Sphincter Control Training (SCT) in combination with a masturbation aid device.MethodsThe present study included 35 patients' that met diagnostic criteria for PE including intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) of ≤2 minutes and had a Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) score ≥11. Participants completed all phases of a randomized controlled clinical study with a parallel group design, which was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Hospital Morales Meseguer of Murcia (Spain).The two treatment groups completed SCT over 7 weeks. The SCT consists of four different exercises and an educational session. Its objective is to provide patients with greater knowledge, awareness, and control of the external urethral sphincter. The only difference between groups was the use of a masturbation aid device called Flip Zero (TFZ-001) from the Japanese company Tenga Co., Ltd.OutcomesThe main measure was the "fold increase" (FI) of the IELT, which was calculated using the geometric mean pre-treatment and post-treatment. In addition, Premature Ejaculation Profile PE was used as a secondary measure.ResultsThe geometric mean of the measurements corresponding to the 7 weeks of treatment was calculated, and both groups were compared by means of an ANCOVA test, finding a statistically significant difference (F: 10.51, 1; p = .003) in the increase experienced by subjects in the group with the device (GWD) mean = 166.63, SD = 106.54) compared with that experienced by subjects in the group without device (GWtD) (mean = 86.99, SD = 59.98).Using Student's t-test, the Fold increase (FI) corresponding to both groups were compared. The results showed statistically significant differences (p = .008) between the measurements corresponding to the GWtD (1.38 (0.50)) and those relative to the GWD (2.69 (1.81)).Clinical implicationsThe FI in the GWD at the end of the trial allow us to consider this new CBT as a potential and viable PE treatment alternative. No side effects were observed in either treatment group and it required little therapeutic input and no partner involvement.Strengths & limitationsThe main limitation of this study is the lack of a 3- to 6-month follow-up of the treatment and placebo control.ConclusionsThis SCT exercise program combined with the use of a masturbation device shows promise because has numerous advantages in relation to current recommended treatments in patients with PE.

The purpose of this study was to examine for the first time the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children’s Beliefs About Parental Divorce Scale (CBAPS) in a community Spanish-speaking sample. Participants were 341 Spanish children and adolescents aged 10–17 years. Item analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis suggested an 18-item shortened version of the scale, maintaining the same six subscales as the original measure. Internal consistency was acceptable ( α = .78) and convergent validity was supported through correlation between CBAPS and a measure of depression. Gender and age effects on CBAPS scores were found. Overall, the shortened version of the CBAPS obtained was shown to have good psychometric properties for use with Spanish children and adolescents to assess problematic beliefs regarding their parents' divorce. Keywords : problematic beliefs; parental divorce; children; adolescents; depression; assessment Propiedades psicometricas y estructura factorial de la version espanola de la Escala de Creencias de los Ninos Sobre el Divorcio de los Padres (CBAPS) Resumen : El proposito de este estudio fue examinar por primera vez la estructura factorial y las propiedades psicometricas de la Escala de Creencias de los Ninos Sobre el Divorcio de los Padres (CBAPS) en una muestra comunitaria de ninos hispanohablantes. Participaron 341 ninos y adolescentes espanoles de 10 a 17 anos. El analisis de items y el analisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio sugirieron una version abreviada de 18 items de la escala, manteniendo las seis subescalas de la medida original. La consistencia interna fue aceptable ( α = .78) y la validez convergente se apoyo mediante la correlacion entre la CBAPS y una medida de depresion. Se encontraron efectos de genero y edad en las puntuaciones de la CBAPS. En general, la version abreviada de la CBAPS obtenida mostro tener buenas propiedades psicometricas para su uso con ninos y adolescentes espanoles para evaluar creencias problematicas con respecto al divorcio de sus padres. Palabras clave: creencias problematicas; divorcio parental; ninos; adolescentes; depresion; evaluacion

Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la regulación emocional, calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en la adolescencia, considerando diferencias individuales y familiares en función del sexo, la edad y la escolaridad de los progenitores. También se pretende analizar la relación entre las variables estudiadas. Diseño: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo-comparativo, transversal.Emplazamiento: Institutos de Portugal. Participantes: Muestra por conveniencia de 2 escuelas al Norte de Portugal. Criterios de inclusión: adolescentes (entre 12 y 18 años) de los cursos obligatorios y sin ninguna dificultad especial (sea necesidad educativa especial o dificultad de aprendizaje diagnosticada). Muestra total 619, muestra válida 602. Mediciones principales: Índice de bienestar personal, Cuestionario de salud SF-8 (calidad de vida) y el Cuestionario de estilos de regulación afectiva. Resultados: El bienestar no presenta diferencias entre sexos, la percepción de salud suele ser mejor en los chicos y la regulación afectiva en las chicas. En relación con la edad se encuentran correlaciones negativas principalmente con las variables del cuestionario de salud. Aparecen diferencias significativas en función del nivel de escolarización de los padres. Las mayores correlaciones aparecen entre las variables de los cuestionarios de bienestar y el de salud. Conclusiones: La influencia del nivel educativo de los padres y la edad tienen un papel diferenciador, especialmente en bienestar y calidad de vida. Desde una perspectiva de promoción del bienestar en la adolescencia hay que destacar el potencial de la percepción de salud y algunas estrategias de regulación emocional en intervenciones y estrategias de educación para la salud., Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the emotional regulation, quality of life, and subjective well-being in adolescence, taking into account individual and family differences, as well as gender, age and educationlevel of parents. Relationships between the questionnaires wariables were also considered. Design Descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. Location Two schools in the north of Portugal. Participants The sample was selected for convenience due to geographic proximity. Inclusion Criteria: adolescents with age between 12 and 18 years old, from compulsory courses and without any special difficulty. Total sample: 619, valid sample: 602. Main measurements Personal Wellness; Health Questionnaire SF-8 (quality of life); and the Measurement of Affect Regulation Styles-trait version Questionnaire. Results There were no differences between well-being and gender. Health perception is better for boys, and affect regulation for girls. In relation to age, there are negative correlations mainly with variables from the health questionnaire. Significant differences in relation to study level of parents were observed. Main correlations were found between wellness and health variables. Conclusions The influence of the education level of parents and age have differentiating role, mainly for well-being and quality of life. From a promotion of wellness perspective in adolescence, potential of health perception and some emotional regulation strategies should be considered in interventions and health education strategy.

The objective of this study was the adaptation of the Burn Specific Health Scale-Revised (BSHS-R) into the Portuguese context. The authors of the original version of BSHS-R with 31 items are Blalock, Bunker and DeVellis and it was developed to evaluate the health status of burns victims. The Brazilian version of the BSHS-R was translated from Portuguese (Brazil) to Portuguese (Portugal), through a semantic adaptation process, by independent Portuguese-Brazilian specialists, followed by a verbal comprehension assessment of all items, with a heterogeneous group of people, in terms of age, education and occupation. After the survey adaptation to Portuguese (Portugal), a psychometric study of the BSHS-R has been realized with a sample of 92 patients, which had been hospitalized in the Burn, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery units of the Prelada Hospital, Porto, Portugal. For the process of instrument validation, a factorial exploratory analysis has been conducted and the internal consistency indicators were analysed using Cronbach’s alpha (reliability). The results analysis allowed to assess and identify the validity of the construct through the factorial exploratory analysis, which confirmed the same previous factorial structure identified in the original language and in the Brazilian version. The BSHS-R also presented good internal consistency indicators (global α = .921; affect and body image α = .874; heat sensitivity α = .830; simple functional abilities α = .893; treatment regimens α = .772; work α = .876; interpersonal relationships α = .804). The Portuguese (Portugal) adapted version has revealed useful, valid and reliable for the quality of life assessment related to the health of people that suffered burn injuries.

School and social anxiety are common problems and have a significant impact on youths’ development. Nevertheless, the questionnaires to assess these anxious symptoms in French adolescents have limitations. The aim of this study is to provide a French version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI), analysing their psychometric properties by the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity. The SAS-A and the SAI were collectively administered in a sample of 1011 French adolescents (48.5% boys) ranging in age from 11 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the previously identified correlated three-factor structure of the SAS-A and the correlated four-factor structure of the SAI. Acceptable internal consistency indexes were found for SAS-A and SAI scores. Correlations supported the convergent validity of the questionnaires’ subscales. Overall, results supported the internal consistency and validity of the French versions of the SAS-A and SAI.

Background and Purpose: This study aims to validate the resilience scale developed by Wagnild and Young for the Portuguese population. Methods: The instrument validation was conducted with a sample of 313 adults attending the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences, of which 62.3% were female and 37.7% male, between 18 and 58 years old. Results: Three factors were decided upon: life satisfaction, planning-discipline, and independence, and there was a positive average correlation between the three factors. The confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation values, so we conclude that the model has an excellent fit. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient used for internal consistency values reported good values. Conclusions: Overall, the key global indicators of the model’s fit and reliability analysis express their quality for Portuguese population.

This study examined the factorial invariance and latent mean differences of the School Anxiety Inventory–Short Version across gender and age groups for 2,367 Spanish students, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Configural and measurement invariance were found across gender and age samples for all dimensions of the School Anxiety Inventory–Short Version.

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) using a sample of 646 Slovenian adolescents (48% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 19 years. Single confirmatory factor analyses replicated the correlated four-factor structure of scores on the SAI for anxiety-provoking school situations (Anxiety about School Failure and Punishment, Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Evaluation), and the three-factor structure of the anxiety response systems (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety). Equality of factor structures was compared using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance for the four- and three-factor models was obtained across gender and school-level samples. The scores of the instrument showed high internal reliability and adequate test–retest reliability. The concurrent validity of the SAI scores was also examined through its relationship with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA) scores and the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) scores. Correlations of the SAI scores with scores on the SASA and the QIDA were of low to moderate effect sizes.

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sociometric types, behavioural categories and academic achievement in a sample of 1,349 compulsory secondary education students (51.7% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. The students’ sociometric identification was performed by using the Programa Socio and academic performance was measured by school marks provided by teachers in the subjects of Spanish language, mathematics and average academic performance. The results show that sociometric types were significant predictors of academic achievement, as students who were rated positively by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) were more likely to have high academic achievement (in mathematics, Spanish language and average academic achievement) than students rated negatively by peers (rejected-aggressive, rejected-shy, neglected and bullies).

Resumo Neste estudo, investigaram-se as relações entre suporte social percebido, auto-regulação e comportamentos de consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias psicoactivas. A amostra foi constituída por 340 participantes. O suporte social correlacionou-se favoravelmente com a auto-regulação, mas somente na vertente de satisfação com o apoio social é que se observou esta tendência de forma evidente. O número de figuras de apoio diferenciou-se significativamente com o uso de tabaco, o que sugere o âmbito afiliativo de algumas substâncias psicoactivas. Nesse sentido, o uso de tabaco pode estar associado a uma rede social mais ampla, mas não com a qualidade do suporte social. Abstract In this study the relationships between perceived social support, self-regulation and consuming behaviors of tobacco and other psychoactive substances we investigated. The sample consisted of 340 adult participants. Social support correlated positively with self-regulation, but was solely in the aspect of satisfaction with social support that this trend was noted clearly. The number of support providers differed considerably with the use of tobacco, which suggests the affiliative scope of some psychoactive substances. Accordingly, the use of tobacco may be associated with a larger social network, but not with the quality of social support.

Resumen Objetivo Revisar el tratamiento perioperatorio de los pacientes con fracturas de cadera y tratamiento concomitante con antiagregantes plaquetarios, asi como analizar las diferencias de mortalidad al ano, y el sangrado perioperatorio segun la pauta de cirugia precoz ( 5 dias). Paralelamente, determinar al ingreso y en el preoperatorio inmediato la agregabilidad plaquetaria en todos los pacientes incluidos en el estudio. Pacientes y metodo Sobre 175 pacientes mayores de 65 anos con fractura de cadera de baja energia se aleatorizaron 3 grupos: antiagregados con cirugia precoz, antiagregados con cirugia demorada, y no antiagregados con cirugia precoz; se recogieron prospectivamente los mismos datos clinicos y analiticos para todos ellos. La agregabilidad plaquetaria se determino mediante un sistema informatizado semicuantitativo basado en la agregometria por impedancia en sangre completa. Resultados El sangrado, los requerimientos transfusionales y los resultados analiticos no mostraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre los grupos. Un 59,8% de los pacientes que no referian tomar antiagregantes se encontraban analiticamente antiagregados al ingreso, mientras que un 13,5% de los que tomaban antiagregantes no se encontraban correctamente antiagregados. El analisis multivariante mostro mayor mortalidad a 12 meses para las variables del indice de Barthel bajo previo a la fractura (OR: 0,9-0,9) y numero de transfusiones (OR: 1,1-1,5). La estancia media fue de 4,1 dias mayor en el grupo demorado. Conclusion La pauta de cirugia precoz para los pacientes en tratamiento antiagregante tiene resultados clinicos parecidos a la demorada, pero mejora la eficiencia hospitalaria al reducir la estancia media. La antiagregacion farmacologica referida por el paciente resulto poco concordante con la determinacion de la agregabilidad.

Objective A review of the perioperative management of patients with hip fractures and concomitant therapy with antiplatelet agents, and to analyse the differences in mortality and perioperative bleeding in early surgery ( 5 days). Platelet aggregation was measured on admission and immediately before surgery in all patients included in the study Patients and methods A total of 175 patients over 65 years old, with low energy hip fracture were randomised into 3 groups: Patients on antiplatelet therapy undergoing early surgery, patients on antiplatelet therapy undergoing delayed surgery, and patients not on antiplatelet therapy undergoing early surgery. The same clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively up to 12 months for all the patients. The platelet aggregation was determined by a semi-quantitative computerised system based on impedance aggregometry in whole blood. Results Bleeding, transfusion requirements and analytical results showed no significant differences between groups. More than half (59.8%) of the patients not taking antiplatelet therapy had normal platelet aggregation on admission, while 13.5% of those taking antiplatelet agents did not have that. Multivariate analysis showed increased mortality at 12 months for the variables, low Barthel index before hip fracture (OR: 0.9–0.9) and number of transfusions (OR: 1.1–1.5). The average length of stay was 4.1 days greater in the delayed surgery group. Conclusion Early surgery for patients receiving antiplatelet therapy has similar clinical outcomes to the delayed, but improves hospital efficiency by reducing the average length of stay. The antiplatelet drug reported by the patient showed low concordance with the determination of the platelet aggregation.

Background The Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) is a 28-item measure designed to assess anxiety symptoms in preschoolers aged 31 to 83 months. Methods The present study aims to extend the literature by examining the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the PAS in a Spanish community sample of 274 preschoolers aged 3 to 7 years. Results Factor analysis confirmed the five-factor original model after removing eight items, suggesting a shorter 20-item version for the Spanish preschoolers. The scale demonstrated to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84). Moderate but significant correlations with a measure of health-related quality of life supported the convergent validity of the PAS. Conclusions The Spanish version of the PAS demonstrated to have good psychometric properties, providing these results initial support to its use for assessing a broad range of anxiety symptoms in Spanish-speaking preschoolers.

This study aimed to examine the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the School Anxiety Scale-Teacher Report (SAS-TR) in a community sample of 315 Spanish children aged 5 to 12 years. Thirty-seven teachers from eleven schools completed the SAS-TR and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for each child. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure, but a better fit model was obtained after removing four items. The scale was found to have high internal consistency (α = 0.91) and satisfactory test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.87) for the Spanish sample. Convergent validity was supported by positive significant correlations between the SAS-TR and the Emotional Symptoms subscale of the SDQ. Lower correlations between the SAS-TR and the SDQ Conduct Problems subscale supported the divergent validity. Overall, the findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SAS-TR is a reliable and valid instrument for teachers to assess anxiety in Spanish children.

Contingency Analysis is an analysis of a power system to determine the severity of an outage to the whole system. In this paper, the researchers made a MATLAB program that screened and ranked all the n-2 and n-1 contingencies present in IEEE 14-Bus System. Over all, IEEE 14-Bus system has 5 generators and 20 transmission lines comprising of 325 possible outage cases. The researchers used Fast Decoupled Load Flow method for the load flow analysis of the system for each outage case since it is more simplified than other methods. Also, to determine the severity of each outage cases, the researchers used Performance Indices specifically the Voltage-Reactive Performance index as an indicator whether the outage happened is critical or not. With this MATLAB program, power system operator can easily determine the severity of the outage of a given power system and what action must be done.

The aim of this work was to update the validation of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale (SASS/EDAS) in a sample of Spanish adolescents. To achieve this, one study with a sample of 1489 students in secondary education, of ages 14 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of EDAS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and concurrent criterion validity. The results supported the three-independent-factor structure (avoidance, distress and interference), that showed best fit indices compared to alternative models. They also showed that the scores of participants on EDAS scales were reliable in terms of internal consistency (α > .80) and moderately reliable concerning temporal stability (r= .48-.60) over a five-week period. The correlations between the EDAS factors and other social anxiety measures were positive and significant. Data provide empirical evidence of the estimation of reliability and validity of this scale. Future work should extend the validation of the EDAS in clinical samples.

This study examined the factorial invariance and latent mean differences of scores on the Spanish version of the Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) across gender and age groups in 2022 Spanish students (51.1% boys) in grades 7 through 10. The equality of factor structures was compared using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance for the correlated three-factor model of the AGTQ was found across gender and age samples. Analyses of latent mean differences revealed that girls exhibited higher means than boys on the Learning Goals and Performance Goals scale scores, whereas boys showed a higher mean than girls on the Social Reinforcement Goals scale score. No differences in latent means were found between the age groups on any of the AGTQ scales. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for use of the AGTQ with Spanish secondary education students.

This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the Spanish version of the Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire (AGTQ) using a sample of 2,022 (51.1% boys) Spanish students from grades 7 to 10. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the correlated three-factor structure of the AGTQ in this sample: Learning Goals (LG), Social Reinforcement Goals (SRG), and Performance Goals (PG). The AGTQ yields relatively reliable scores for Spanish students. Logistic regression analyses were used to provide additional validity evidence of AGTQ scores on academic success (general, Spanish, and mathematics). Results indicated that general academic success was 15% and 5% more likely every time that scores on LG and PG scales increased 1 point, respectively, although general academic success was 9% less likely every time that scores on SRG scale increased 1 point. These results were similar for Spanish and mathematics. However, the score on the LG scale did not forecast success in both subjects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The factor structure of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents was examined across gender and ethnicity in samples of Spanish and Chinese adolescents using multigroup co...

The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) can be applied in different fields of psychology. However, due to the inventory's administration time, it may not be useful in certain situations. To address this concern, the present study developed a short version of the SAI (the SAI-SV).This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (SAI-SV) using a sample of 2,367 (47.91% boys) Spanish secondary school students, ranging from 12 to 18 years of age. To analyze the dimensional structure of the SAI-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for SAI-SV scores.A correlated three-factor structure related to school situations (Anxiety about Aggression, Anxiety about Social Evaluation, and Anxiety about Academic Failure) and a three-factor structure related to the response systems of anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Behavioral Anxiety) were identified and supported. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined to be appropriate.The reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of SAI-SV scores was satisfactory.

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale is an instrument widely applied in the assessment of the most common anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. This study examines its psychometric properties and the factorial structure in a large community sample of Spanish-speaking adolescents (N = 1,374) aged 13 to 17 years. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis confirmed the 6-factor original model, providing a good fit of the data for the Spanish sample. The good psychometric properties support its use by clinicians and researchers, adding evidence to the international empirical support for this measure.