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Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El oso hormiguero gigante, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Mammalia: Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae), es el único miembro vivo del género y se encuentra restringido a Centroamérica y Suramérica. Actualmente se encuentra catalogado como una especie Vulnerable (VU); sin embargo, en varios países ya ha sido declarado como una especie extinta. Para Colombia su patrón de distribución es fragmentado y cada vez más reducido a lo largo del país. Debido a su importancia y estado de vulnerabilidad es importante generar información confiable sobre sus poblaciones, así como de sus patrones cambiantes de distribución. En este trabajo se reporta a partir de muestreo con fototrampeo, la presencia de M. tridactyla para el departamento de La Guajira, siendo el registro reciente más septentrional de la especie para Colombia. Adicionalmente, se presenta una actualización sobre la distribución de la especie a nivel nacional, y se resalta la necesidad de implementar acciones de monitoreo y conservación de esta especie en el Caribe colombiano.

El complejo del Leopardus colocolo, según una reciente actualización taxonómica, ha sido dividido en cinco especies. Una de estas es el Leopardus braccatus conocida como gato del pantanal, distribuido en Bolivia, Brasil y Paraguay. A pesar de su distribución, esta es una especie poco estudiada. Presentamos aquí un nuevo registro de esta especie, siendo el primero en el bosque seco chiquitano, un ecosistema amenazado que previamente no se consideraba su hábitat. Este hallazgo se llevó a cabo como parte de un programa de monitoreo de felinos con cámaras trampa, donde adicionalmente seis especies de félidos fueron detectadas en un área de 41km2, lo que indica una alta diversidad de felinos en esta ecorregión. Además, se identificaron amenazas directas para el gato del pantanal, como la actividad agrícola y ganadera, los perros domésticos y la cacería ilegal. La relevancia de este nuevo registro radica en su ubicación en el límite occidental-sur de la distribución conocida para Bolivia, así también como sus características morfológicas similares a la especie L. munoai. Esto subraya la necesidad de realizar investigaciones adicionales para comprender mejor su distribución y conservación. Estudios futuros podrían explorar también las similitudes morfológicas y de distribución entre L. braccatus y L. munoai.

En los mamíferos silvestres, la aparición de patrones de coloraciones atípicas como el leucismo es poco frecuente. Los registros de este tipo de patrones de coloración ayudan a comprender mejor este fenómeno y posiblemente a evaluar el estado de poblaciones silvestres, teniendo en cuenta que la aparición de leucismo ha sido relacionada con procesos endogámicos o de estrés ambiental. En este trabajo presentamos el primer reporte de leucismo en Dasyprocta fuliginosa en Colombia, particularmente en la región de la altillanura del Vichada, en la Orinoquia colombiana. Utilizamos cámaras trampa durante un estudio sobre mamíferos asociados a paisajes con cultivos de marañón en la altillanura de la Orinoquia colombiana. Registramos un individuo de D. fuliginosa con leucismo parcial, ～90% del cuerpo. El individuo, en una ocasión apareció acompañado por dos crías, lo que sugiere que era una hembra que logró reproducirse, a pesar de su coloración potencialmente desventajosa al ser más evidente que coloraciones silvestres típicas.

Este estudio destaca la importancia de la coloración en la piel y el pelaje de la fauna silvestre. Además, se resalta la percepción cultural de las comunidades indígenas locales respecto a estos ejemplares de coloración inusual, sujetos a tabúes de caza y consumo. Usado cámaras trampa, se documentaron los primeros registros de anomalías en la coloración del pelaje en el pecarí de collar y el tercero para el agutí negro, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, específicamente en los territorios indígenas Siona y Siekopai, en la provincia de Sucumbíos. Este reporte contribuye a la comprensión de la distribución de anomalías cromáticas en el Neotrópico, además de enriquecer el conocimiento ecológico y cultural de las comunidades indígenas sobre la fauna.

En El Salvador el estudio de felinos históricamente estaba basado en evidencia indirecta (rastros, huellas, excretas, pelos), con el uso de nuevas tecnologías como las cámaras trampa, se ha logrado documentar de manera esporádica algunas tomas fotográficas de especies como puma, gato zonto y tigrillo. No obstante, no se contaba con certeza de la presencia permanente en territorio Salvadoreño de Puma y Ocelote. En enero de 2021 se implementó en el país, el Programa Nacional de Conservaciones de Felinos uno de sus objetivos específicos es identificar vacíos de información sobre las especies de felinos en El salvador, con este objetivo se instaló la primera estación de fototrampeo establecida El Área Natural Protegida San Carlos Cacahuatique en Morazán, se presentan los resultados alcanzados de enero 2022 a enero 2023 de operación se registros a través de vídeos y fotografías la presencia de cuatro especies de felinos: Puma (Puma concolor), gato zonto (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), tigrillo (Leopardus wiedii), ocelote (Leopardus pardalis), este estudio proporciona evidencia videográfica y su comportamiento en cuanto a abundancia durante un año completo de monitoreo sistemático sobre la presencia de las cuatro especies de felinos en El Salvador.

Las áreas naturales protegidas son fundamentales en la lucha contra la pérdida de diversidad que actualmente atravesamos. Este trabajo representa el primer relevamiento de mamíferos medianos y grandes (MMG) para la futura área protegida “Islas y Canales Verdes del Río Uruguay” (IyCVRU), Entre Ríos, Argentina. En este estudio se trabajó en las tres islas de mayor tamaño a través de monitoreos con cámaras trampa. Se realizó un muestreo sistemático (MS) colocando tres cámaras en cada isla, separadas por un kilómetro (nueve en total) y un muestreo participativo (MP) con ocho cámaras colocadas por pobladores locales, en sitios a su elección. Las cámaras monitorearon en tres unidades de vegetación: Bosques de Albardón Costeros (BAC), Bosques de Albardón Interno (BAI) y Matorrales de Esteros (ME). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el ensamble de MMG en términos de riqueza, diversidad, abundancia relativa, uso de los ambientes e islas, comparar entre metodologías y evaluar los patrones temporales. Fue posible detectar nueve especies de mamíferos, tres exóticas y seis nativas. Entre las tres islas monitoreadas, la isla con menor intervención antrópica fue la que se diferenció de las otras dos, con mayor riqueza y número de registros. Si bien los ensambles entre ambientes no mostraron variación, la mayor riqueza fue en BAI. En el MS se detectaron ocho especies y en el MP nueve especies. Fue posible evaluar los patrones temporales de ocho especies. Estos son los primeros aportes para el manejo y conservación de los MMG para la futura área protegida IyCVRU.

El monitoreo de fauna silvestre se basa en conteos directos o indirectos de animales o sus rastros, en unidades de muestreo (cámaras, transectos, trampas, redes, grabadores, u otro). Los conteos por unidad o esfuerzo de muestreo se expresan como tasa de encuentro, tasa fotográfica, tasa de captura, etc. Cuando se asume que la tasa está relacionada con el tamaño poblacional, entonces es considerada como un índice de abundancia relativa (IAR). Los cuales son empleados como alternativa a las estimaciones absolutas de la abundancia o densidad. Los IAR son utilizados para monitorear el cambio de una población a través del tiempo, o bien para comparar poblaciones de la misma especie en localidades diferentes. Con el incremento en el uso de las cámaras trampa se ha popularizado el cálculo de los IAR para todas las especies fotografiadas en el área de estudio. Sin embargo, se debe tener precaución con esta interpretación ya que los IAR están sesgados por la detectabilidad que varía entre especies. En este artículo se 1) reviso las definiciones, los supuestos y las limitaciones de los IAR; 2) explica la diferencia conceptual entre los IAR y las tasas de encuentro; 3) enfatiza la importancia de la probabilidad de detección como factor que afecta a los conteos y por ende a las tasas de encuentro; 4) sugiere usar los IAR solo para comparar a la misma especie temporal y espacialmente, mientras que la tasa de encuentro usarla para comparar entre especies; y 5) sugiero algunas alternativas de análisis estadísticos basados en modelos jerárquicos.

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different sampling methods are used to study bird diversity in the tropics, mist nets being one of the most common approaches. However, camera traps have been used for this purpose in the last 20 years. We compared the performance of mist nets and camera traps in sampling the diversity of understory and sub-canopy birds in a Neotropical rainforest. Given its high biodiversity, obtaining accurate bird diversity estimates in these forests is a challenging task. We sampled secondary forest patches in the Colombian central Andes between 2019 and 2021. We compared the effectiveness of both methods based on six comparison criteria (body size, foraging stratum, detection difficulty, habitat specialization, population trend, and migratory status). We recorded a total of 99 bird species: 92 species were captured using mist nets and 37 species using camera traps; 30 species were detected using both methods (mainly generalist and abundant birds). Mist net's effectiveness was 83%, while camera trap effectiveness was 68%. Differences in sampling effectiveness were mainly determined by body size, as small birds were captured using mist nets, while camera traps often recorded large birds. However, detection difficulty and habitat specialization were also relevant. Camera traps effectively recorded ground-dwelling species that were not captured in mist nets. In contrast, those birds that forage in the subcanopy stratum were mainly captured in the mist nets but not detected in camera traps. Although both methods detected different species, we found similar patterns regarding estimated species richness among different categories of body size, detection difficulty, population trend, and behavior, but not for habitat specialization. As both methods have advantages and limitations, using mist nets and camera traps together would improve bird diversity estimations. We urge investigators to explore canopy ecology with camera traps, as they provide long-term information that cannot be obtained with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report new records of the Chilean shrew opossum (Rhyncholestes raphanurus), one of the least known mammals of the South American temperate rainforests. Using camera traps, we detected Chilean shrew opossums on 31 different occasions distributed over 17 sites, located in two protected areas of the Los Ríos region, southern Chile. The records, obtained in evergreen and alerce forests, as well as in eucalyptus plantations, show markedly nocturnal activity. These findings represent a significant increase in the number of locations where the presence of this species has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta nota describe un registro del yaguarundí (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) en Copacabana, municipio de Antioquia (Colombia). La evidencia se obtiene en el año 2019 con cámaras trampa en zona rural del municipio, en un área con una fuerte fragmentación de sus ecosistemas naturales debido a la expansión de la frontera urbana y agropecuaria, lo que aumenta el riesgo de extinción local de esta y otras especies. Sugerimos promover la conectividad ecológica y la educación en conservación para promover la supervivencia de la fauna silvestre que allí habita.

Resumen En 2013 una ambigua fotografía de cámara trampa puso en discusión la extinción del aguará guazú en el territorio uruguayo. Este registro, tomado en el marco de un monitoreo participativo con cámaras trampa realizado en Paso Centurión, un área protegida del departamento de Cerro Largo, en el noreste del Uruguay, da lugar a reflexiones antropológicas sobre distintas formas de conocimiento y relaciones entre humanos y animales que se encuentran, dialogan y tensionan. Este trabajo parte de una etnografía sobre diálogos entre conocimientos locales y biológicos, enfocando en particular en un monitoreo participativo con cámaras trampa desarrollado por una organización civil que combina biología y activismo ambiental en la localidad. Nos centramos en las relaciones con uno de los animales registrados, el aguará guazú, para discutir acerca de sus categorizaciones como especie rara, presente o elusiva y su devenir como emblema del monitoreo.

La evaluación de las poblaciones de armadillos en zonas perturbadas por asentamientos y ganadería, reciben poca importancia, lo que afecta el estado de conservación de la especie. En nuestro país no existen estudios sobre densidad poblacional, patrones de uso de madrigueras y comportamiento general en armadillos. Por ello, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la población de armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus e inventariar las especies de vertebrados asociados a sus madrigueras, en una finca dedicada a la ganadería intensiva, en Soná, Veraguas, Panamá. Para la realización de esta investigación, se utilizó un método mixto de observación directa y cámaras trampa desde enero hasta junio de 2022. Se detectaron 47 armadillos y se determinó una densidad de 1.25 madrigueras/a y 0.38 ind/ha. Se registraron un total de 18 especies asociadas a las madrigueras de D. novemcinctus; nueve de aves, siete de mamíferos y dos de reptiles. Se presentan las primeras observaciones de Tamandúa mexicana, Procyon lotor y Conepatus semistriatus, los cuales no habían sido reportados en esta localidad. El presente estudio resalta la importancia de los armadillos como especie clave en ecosistemas, ya que por su actividad atraen múltiples especies, contribuyendo a mantener la biodiversidad; incluso en zonas intervenidas como fincas ganaderas.

Fragmentation of the boreal forest by linear features, including seismic lines, has destabilized predator–prey dynamics, resulting in the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Restoration of human‐altered habitat has therefore been identified as a critical management tool for achieving self‐sustaining woodland caribou populations. However, only recently has testing of the response of caribou and other wildlife to restoration activities been conducted. Early work has centered around assessing changes in wildlife use of restored seismic lines. We evaluated whether restoration reduces the movement rates of predators and their associated prey, which is expected to decrease predator hunting efficiency and ultimately reduce caribou mortality. We developed a new method for using cameras to measure fine‐scale movement by measuring speed as animals traveled between cameras in an array. We used our method to quantify speed of caribou, moose (Alces alces), bears (Ursus americanus), and wolves (Canis lupus) on treated (restored) and untreated seismic lines. Restoration treatments reduced travel speeds along seismic lines of wolves by 1.38 km/h, bears by 0.55 km/h, and caribou by 1.57 km/h, but did not reduce moose travel speeds. Reduced predator and caribou speeds on treated seismic lines are predicted to decrease encounter rates between predators and caribou and thus lower caribou kill rates. However, further work is needed to determine whether reduced movement rates result in reduced encounter rates with prey, and ultimately reduced caribou mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introducción]: El jaguar (Panthera onca) es el felino más grande de América y debido a los vastos bosques conectados en la Amazonía tiene actualmente las mayores poblaciones de esta especie. [Objetivos]: Estimamos la densidad de jaguares para 7 sitios en el Gran Paisaje Madidi-Tambopata en el noroeste de Bolivia y el sureste de Perú. [Metodología]: La toma de datos fue desde el 2001 al 2008, utilizando entre 26 y 118 estaciones de cámaras trampa distribuidas en polígonos entre 37 y 355 km2 de área muestreada, activas durante 29 a 75 días en cada sitio de estudio. [Resultados]: Identificamos un total de 63 individuos entre todos los sitios de muestreo. La tasa de captura estimada para cada sitio de muestreo osciló entre 0.18 y 2.81 eventos independientes / 100 trampas noche. Las estimaciones de densidad de jaguar con modelos SCR variaron de 0.1 a 2.39 individuos / 100 km2 y las estimaciones de densidad de población calculados con CAPTURE (MMDM) utilizando una zona de amortiguamiento regional (5.76 km, n = 19), estuvieron entre 0.52 y 2.86 individuos / 100 km2. [Conclusiones]: Estos resultados son especialmente relevantes para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación y evaluaciones para esta especie que actualmente está siendo amenazada, también subrayan la importancia del paisaje transfronterizo del Gran Madidi-Tambopata como un bastión poblacional de jaguares en la región.

Jaguars (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) are predators at the top of food chains, and their occurrence is a good environmental indicator. The study of jaguars, including their behavior, ecology, and conservation, has attracted significant attention from the scientific community. We carried out a scientometric analysis on studies of jaguar biology using camera traps in the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes. Our analysis revealed that conflicts between farmers and ranchers have an important impact on the ecology of the feline movement. We found two important gaps: a scarcity of studies with a genetic approach to the biology of jaguars, which include the ecology of the species movement in the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes. Furthermore, in most studies, jaguars were monitored for short periods, which limits the quality of the data obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weasels are small mustelid carnivores that play an important role as predators of small mammals in a wide array of ecosystems. However, their response to land use, such as forest harvest for timber products, is seldom the subject of focused research and management projects. Both the American ermine, also known as the short-tailed weasel (Mustela richardsonii), and the long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata) are native to Maine, United States, where commercial timber harvesting is widespread. The effects of this forest disturbance on weasels are poorly understood, so to contribute toward filling this knowledge gap, we conducted a 4-year, large-scale field study: specifically, our objective was to assess the effects of forest disturbance caused by timber harvest on occupancy patterns of ermines and long-tailed weasels occupancy patterns in Maine. We collected data from 197 survey sites (three camera traps each) over 4 years and analyzed over 7,000 images of weasels using dynamic false-positive occupancy models. We found that American ermines were widely distributed across the state (naïve occupancy at 54% of sites), while long-tailed weasels were rarer (naïve occupancy at 16% of sites). Both species responded positively to forest disturbance, with higher occupancy probabilities as disturbance increased, especially at the larger scales. American ermines were more likely to occupy stands with a higher percentage of conifer trees, while no such relationship was found for long-tailed weasels. We conclude that current forest harvest practices in Maine are not detrimental to weasel populations, but that the two species warrant continued monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La depresión de Huancabamba es la sección más baja de todos los Andes y tiene una importancia biogeográfica muy significativa para la biodiversidad andina del sur de Ecuador y norte de Perú. Solo algunas montañas o cordilleras en esta depresión sobrepasan los 3.000 m s.n.m. y se encuentran relativamente aisladas. Los estudios de mamíferos de la zona aún son escasos. En este artículo detallamos las especies más notables de mamíferos medianos y mayores, así como la riqueza preliminar de los taxones registradas mediante cámaras trampa (3.847 cámaras-día) y observaciones en los bosques montanos y jalcas de Tucto y Gramalote, ubicados en la cordillera Kañaris – Pagaibamba en el departamento de Cajamarca, noroeste de Perú. De las 14 especies de mamíferos registrados, dos son especies globalmente amenazadas (Tapirus pinchaque y Tremarctosornatus), una está casi amenazada (Cuniculus taczanowskii) y dos aparecen con datos deficientes (Dasypus pilosus y Sylvilagus andinus). Reportamos una ampliación de la distribución de D. pilosus, los registros documentados a mayor altitud de Dasyprocta cf. fuliginosa y Potos flavus, y una ampliación del rango altitudinal de Coendou rufescens en el país. Este último constituye, además, el primer registro de la especie en el departamento de Cajamarca. Asimismo, hemos encontrado una importante población de T. ornatus en el área, una abundancia relativa de T. pinchaque en el extremo sur de su distribución global, con registros directos más actuales. Nuestro estudio evidenció que la cordillera Kañaris - Pagaibamba constituye un singular refugio para mamíferos andinos que es urgente proteger.

Understanding how human modification of the landscape shapes vertebrate community composition is vital to understanding the current status and future trajectory of wildlife. Using a participatory approach, we deployed the largest camera‐trap network in Mesoamerica to date to investigate how anthropogenic disturbance shapes the occupancy and co‐occurrence of terrestrial vertebrate species in a tropical biodiversity hotspot: the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We estimated species richness in different categories of land protection with rarefaction analysis and estimated the expected occupancy with a joint species distribution model that included covariates for anthropogenic disturbance, land protection, habitat quality, and habitat availability. Areas with the most stringent land‐use protections (e.g., Corcovado National Park, 24 species [95% CI 23–25]) harbored significantly more species than unprotected areas (20 species [19.7–20.3]), mainly due to a reduced presence of large‐bodied species of conservation concern in unprotected areas (e.g., jaguar Panthera onca and white‐lipped peccary Tayassu pecari). Small‐bodied generalist species, such as opossums (Didelphidae) and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), in contrast, were more common at disturbed sites, resulting in a significant difference in vertebrate community composition between sites with low and high disturbance. Co‐occurrence of species was also mainly associated with response to disturbance. Similar responses to disturbance create two groups of species, those whose site‐level occupancy usually increased as anthropogenic disturbance increased and those whose estimated occupancy decreased. The absence of large‐bodied species entails an important loss of ecological function in disturbed areas and can hinder forest development and maintenance. Efforts to protect and restore forested landscapes are likely having a positive effect on the abundance of some threatened species. These efforts, however, must be sustained and expanded to increase connectivity and ensure the long‐term viability of the wildlife community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preferencias de los granívoros con respecto al tamaño y la calidad de las bellotas en un bosque de Quercus en la zona centroseptentrional de México Las bellotas del género Quercus son muy apreciadas por diversos animales. Se ha cuestionado si la selección de una bellota puede depender de las características intrínsecas del fruto. En este trabajo determinamos si el tamaño y la calidad de las bellotas (sanas o dañadas) influyen en su selección. Los resultados muestran que Q. affinis fue la especie con las bellotas más grandes, pero con la tasa más baja de selección, y que Q. eduardii tenía bellotas más pequeñas, pero con la tasa más alta de selección. La selección la llevan a cabo dos grupos de vertebrados con periodos de actividad claramente separados. Los arrendajos Aphelocoma spp. realizaban su actividad de día y los roedores Peromyscus spp., de noche. El tamaño y la calidad solo representaron una influencia significativa en la selección de bellotas de Q. affinis. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la ausencia de animales grandes puede poner en riesgo el establecimiento de especies con bellotas grandes (como Q. affinis).

Introduction: Tropical dry forests and mangroves, two of the world’s most endangered ecosystems, each host a different set of environmental conditions which may support unique assemblages of species. However, few studies have looked at the unique vertebrate biodiversity in regions where both habitats occur side-by-side. Objective: To assess the vertebrate diversity and patterns of habitat usage in a mangrove and tropical dry forest matrix in an unprotected region of Northwestern Costa Rica. Methods: The study was conducted in a 7 km² matrix of mangrove and tropical dry forests between Cabuyal and Zapotillal bays in Northwestern Costa Rica, south of Santa Rosa National Park. From September 2017 to March 2018, we used 13 automatic camera traps over 1 498 trap days to capture species utilizing the region and assess their patterns of habitat usage both spatially and temporally. Results: Seventy vertebrate species from 42 families in 27 orders were detected, including several globally threatened species. Over half of all species were detected in only one habitat, particularly amongst avian (78 %) and mammalian (42 %) species. Tropical dry forests hosted the greatest number of unique species and supported a greater percentage of herbivores than mangrove or edge habitats, which were dominated by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Mean detections per camera trap of all species increased significantly from the coldest and wettest month (Oct) to the hottest and driest months (Jan & Feb) in tropical dry forests. Sample-based rarefaction analysis revealed that survey length was sufficient to sample the tropical dry forest and edge habitats, though mangroves require further sampling. Conclusions: Taxa found to utilize different forest types may utilize each for different stages of their life cycle, moving between areas as environmental conditions change throughout the year. General patterns of global biodiversity favoring carnivore and omnivore usage of mangrove forests was confirmed in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavia tschudii is a wild rodent that inhabits Andean and coastal grasslands and wetlands whose ecological aspects have been rarely studied. In this study we describe their daily activity patterns and evaluate the effect of lunar luminosity on their nocturnal activity during the 2019 wet and 2020 dry seasons in a bulrush community of a coastal wetland in Peru. Moreover, we evaluated the activity overlap of C. tschudii with the species that co-occurred with it. Using six camera trap stations and analyzing the dates and times of the recordings, we found that during both seasons C. tschudii was mainly nocturnal, the dogs were cathemeral and Rattus sp. was nocturnal. The activity of C. tschudii had a moderate overlap with the dogs and a high overlap with Rattus sp. During both seasons C. tschudii showed two peaks of activity when the lunar luminosity was 76-100 % and 1-25 %. Likewise, in the dry season, its nocturnal activity had a positive correlation with lunar luminosity. This is the first study that evaluates the daily and lunar activity patterns of C. tschudii under natural conditions. We conclude that the daily activity of C. tschudii is mostly nocturnal during both seasons, but during the dry season the nocturnal activity increases; the highest activity overlap with Rattus sp. suggests a possible competition; and the nocturnal activity of C. tschudii during the dry season suggests that it takes advantage of moonlight to improve its foraging and predator detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armadillo density estimates are important for species knowledge, but they are unknown in the Guiana Shield. We aimed at estimating Dasypus density through burrow density and camera trapping. We surveyed and trapped burrows in three protected sites in French Guiana, on strip transects covering 4.8 ha in each site, and estimated Dasypus density taking into account burrow measures and occupancy. Population densities ranged between 7.6 and 48.6 animals/km² for Dasypus sp. nov. and 10.3 and 34.7 animals/km² for D. kappleri. Dasypus density estimates through burrow survey and exclusive burrow entrance camera trapping is relatively low-cost, non-invasive and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pesar de su amplia distribución en el continente americano, el Grisón (Galictis vittata) es uno de los mamíferos con menor número de estudios que reporten su presencia o describan aspectos de su ecología. En Costa Rica es posible encontrar al Grisón en todo el país, sin embargo, son pocos los registros documentados. Con fototrampeo se obtuvieron cuatro registros del Grisón en los Corredores Biológicos Montes del Aguacate y Arenal Tenorio. Estos registros contribuyen al conocimiento de la distribución geográfica del Grisón para Costa Rica, por lo que se refuerza la idea de la importancia de implementar programas de monitoreo, desarrollar estrategias de conservación, así como mejorar la gestión en Corredores Biológicos.

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carnivores face important anthropogenic threats in agricultural areas from habitat loss and fragmentation, disturbance by domestic free-roaming dogs and cats, and direct hunting by humans. Anthropogenic disturbances are shifting the activity patterns of wild animals, likely modifying species interactions. We estimated changes in the activity patterns of the mesocarnivore guild of agricultural landscapes of the La Araucanía region in southern Chile in response to land-use intensification, comparing intra- and interspecific activity patterns at low and high levels of forest cover, fragmentation, and land ownership subdivision. Our focal species comprise the güiña or kod-kod (Leopardus guigna), two fox species (Lycalopex culpaeus and L. griseus), a skunk (Conepatus chinga), and one native mustelid (Galictis cuja), in addition to free-roaming dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) and their main mammalian prey species (i.e. Rodentia and Lagomorpha). In 23,373 trap nights, we totaled 21,729 independent records of our focal species. Our results show tendencies toward nocturnality at high land-use intensification, with potential impacts on species fitness. Nocturnal mesocarnivores decreased their diurnal/crepuscular activity, while cathemeral activity shifted to nocturnal activity at high land-use intensification, but only when in sympatry with a competitor. High land-use intensification decreased the activity overlap between native and domestic mesocarnivores but increased the overlap between native mesocarnivores. High intensification also reduced overlap with prey species. Notably, foxes displayed peaks of activity opposing those of dogs, and plasticity in activity pattern when in sympatry with dogs, such as strategies to avoid encounters. We stress the need to suppress the free-roaming and unsupervised activity of dogs to mitigate impacts of high land-use intensification on mesocarnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species' activity patterns are driven by the need to meet basic requirements of food, social interactions, movement, and rest, but often are influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. We used camera-trap data to describe and compare the activity patterns of the relatively poorly studied tayra (Eira barbara) across 10 populations distributed from the south of Mexico to the north of Argentina, and attempted to identify biotic or abiotic factors that may be associated with variation in level of diurnality. In a subset of sites we also aimed to document potential seasonal variation in activity. We used a kernel density estimator based on the time of independent photographic events to calculate the proportion of diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal activity of each population. Tayras were mostly active during diurnal periods (79.31%, 759 records), with a lower proportion of crepuscular activity (18.07%, 173 records) yet we documented some variation in patterns across the 10 study areas (activity overlap coefficient varied from Δ 4 = 0.64 to Δ 1 = 0.95). In northern localities, activity peaked twice during the day (bimodal) with most activity ocurring in the morning, whereas closer to the geographical equator, activity was constant (unimodal) throughout the day, peaking at midday: activity either was unimodal or bimodal in southern localities. Despite investigating multiple potential abiotic and biotic predictors, only latitude was associated with variation in the proportion of diurnal activity by tayras across its range, with increased diurnal activity closer to the equator. Seasonal comparisons in activity showed a tendency to reduce diurnality in dry versus rainy seasons, but the pattern was not consistently significant. This is the most comprehensive description of tayra activity patterns to date, and lends novel insight into the potential flexibility of the species to adapt to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coexistence of sympatric felids is facilitated by mutual avoidance and the partitioning of habitats, prey, and time. Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt this coexistence in fragmented landscapes, potentially triggering cascading influences in ecological communities. We used photographic data from 8,717 trap nights (November 2014–June 2016) at 87 camera trap sites in Colombia's middle Magdalena River basin to compare spatiotemporal overlap among jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), their prey, and humans, at sites of high and low disturbance, as determined by the human influence index. Human disturbance events (e.g. domestic dogs, livestock, and humans, including armed hunters) comprised 38% of all photographs at high disturbance sites and 29% of all photographs at low disturbance sites. Differential spatiotemporal overlaps were recorded between felids and their prey at high versus low disturbance sites, with jaguars exhibiting only 13% temporal overlap with humans at high disturbance sites. Among prey, temporal overlap was greater than spatial overlap for both felids across the study area. Compared to jaguars, pumas displayed more temporal overlap with all anthropogenic variables and more spatial overlap with most anthropogenic variables, suggesting lesser sensitivity to human disturbances. This study provides the first insights into the responses of a threatened large carnivore, jaguar, to camera trap-derived human disturbance variables in an unprotected landscape. It also highlights the importance of using multiple disturbance types for evaluating human impacts on large carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La diversidad de mamíferos en la cuenca del Orinoco es derivada de la mezcla de especies de diferentes regiones biogeográficas y es poco conocida. Por lo tanto se emplearon técnicas de fototrampeo para el registro de los mamíferos medianos y grandes asociados al bosque ribereño en la cuenca alta y media del río Bita, Vichada, Colombia. Se estimó la diversidad, el índice de abundancia relativa y los patrones de actividad. Se instalaron 77 cámaras trampa a lo largo de 200 km del río en dos periodos hidroclimáticos (baja y alta precipitación). Se obtuvieron en total 16439 imágenes, con un esfuerzo muestreo de 7700 días-trampa. Se registraron 24 especies de mamíferos, agrupados en 17 familias y 9 órdenes. El índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener obtenido a través de este método fue H´= 1,995, las especies mejor representadas a través del índice de abundancia relativa fueron Tayassu pecari (IAR = 0,176, n = 1360), Cuniculus paca (IAR = 0,174, n = 1346), Tapirus terrestris (IAR = 0,144, n = 1114) y Dasyprocta fuliginosa (IAR = 0,116, n=900). En términos de patrones de actividad Dasyprocta fuliginosa presentó patrones de actividad diurnos, Leopardus pardalis catemeral, Tayassu pecari crepuscular matutino, Cuniculus paca y Didelphis marsupialis nocturna y Tapirus terrestris crepuscular vespertino. Esta información puede ser de utilidad para la generación de programas para el manejo y conservación de la mastofauna en la cuenca del río Bita.

Flagship species have been used widely as umbrella species (i.e., species with large home range whose protection often provides protection for sympatric species) in the management of China's nature reserves. This conflation of flagship and umbrella species is best represented by the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and other large, endangered mammals designated as conservation targets in site selection and planning of reserves. Few empirical studies have tested the effectiveness of flagship species as surrogates for a broader range of sympatric species. Using extensive camera‐trap data, we examined the effectiveness of management zones designated to protect flagship (target) species in conserving sympatric species in 4 wildlife reserves (Gutianshan, Changqing, Laohegou, and Wolong). We tested whether the progression from peripheral to core zones was associated with an increasing habitat association for both target and sympatric species. The distribution patterns of the study species across the zones in each reserve indicated a disparity between management zones and the species' habitat requirements. Management zone was included in the final model for all target species, and most of them had higher occurrence in core zones relative to less‐protected zones, but zone was not a predictor for most of the sympatric species. When management zone was associated with the occurrence of sympatric species, threatened species generally had higher detections in core zones, whereas common species had higher detections outside of the core zone. Our results suggested that reserve planning based on flagship species does not adequately protect sympatric species due to their specialized habitat requirements. We recommend re‐examining the effectiveness of management zoning and urge a multispecies and reserve‐wide monitoring plan to improve protection of China's wildlife. Article impact statement: Zoning designations in China's wildlife reserves aimed at conserving flagship species may not meet the habitat needs of most sympatric species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Andean cat is a rarest wildcat of South America, categorized as Endangered by IUCN. Its habitat is in the high Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. In Peru, it has been reported in nine departments, and in four natural protected areas. We present two records from Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve from early 2015, in two different locations. The first was near the Pillones village and the second near to Viscachani village; those are the first image record for Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve; previous records were from skins and fecal DNA. Both records are the most recent from Peru and the very firsts complete images of full Andean cats live in the county.

We present a list of medium and large mammals occurring in 11 conservation areas of the department of Quindío, Colombia. The field phase was developed in five municipalities, between July and December 2016, and sampling included transect routes and installation of camera traps. We confirm the occurrence of 21 species of mammals in the studied areas. The areas with the highest number of species are part of the Reserva Forestal Central or are close to other conservation areas, a situation that could facilitate the connection between reserves through biological corridors. Four of the recorded species are under threat category: Tapirus pinchaque (Endangered), Aotus lemurinus, Leopardus tigrinus and Mazama rufina (Vulnerable). The presence of Leopardus pardalis is highlighted as a new record for the department.

Esta nota presenta el registro de la Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) y la Guagua de Montaña (Cuniculus taczanowskii) en Copacabana, municipio de Antioquia (Colombia). Estos registros se realizaron en los años 2018 y 2019 con cámaras trampa en la vertiente noroccidental del municipio, en fragmentos de bosques de montaña con predominio de flora nativa. Se obtuvieron cuatro registros para Cuniculus taczanowskii, y un solo registro para Leopardus tigrinus. La presencia de ambas especies en los lugares monitoreados sugiere que estos bosques brindan los recursos para su subsistencia. Es importante promover la conectividad ecológica de dichos fragmentos para contribuir en la supervivencia de las especies que allí habitan.

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transformation of the natural environment constitutes the main threat for the conservation of many mammal species. Agriculture has reduced the contact area of the Yungas piedmont forests with the Chaco region to corridors of modified natural habitats which cross the matrix of transformed areas. With camera traps surveys, we identified medium and large sized mammal species that use forested corridors in two latitudinal sectors of the Yungas piedmont forests in Argentina. We studied species diversity, the influence of the distance along the corridor to the continuous forest on species richness and we evaluated whether the corridors are areas with established populations of these mammals. We recorded 22 species in the corridors. Only six species registered in the continuous forest were not recorded in the corridors, and three were only photographed in the corridors. For both latitudinal sectors, equitability was slightly higher in corridors (although differences only were significant in the northern sector) while species richness was different between latitudinal sectors, higher in the forest of the northern sector, but lower in the forest of the southern sector (although the differences were not significant in any case). We did not find any influence of the distance to the continuous forest on the richness of mammal species nor important differences in the composition and structure of the communities of both environmental situations. In the northern portion, Dasyprocta punctata was more frequently recorded in the continuous forest, whereas Mazama gouazoubira and Leopardus pardalis were more frequently recorded in the corridors. In the southern one, Leopardus pardalis and Pecari tajacu were more frequently recorded in the continuous forest, while Didelphis albiventris and the omnivore species more in the corridors. We did not find significant differences in the use of these habitats between the generalist and specialist species. This is the first study on this topic in the Yungas of Argentina, providing relevant information for the establishment of conservation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a list of medium and large mammals occurring in 11 conservation areas of the department of Quindío, Colombia. The field phase was developed in five municipalities, between July and December 2016, and sampling included transect routes and installation of camera traps. We confirm the occurrence of 21 species of mammals in the studied areas. The areas with the highest number of species are part of the Reserva Forestal Central or are close to other conservation areas, a situation that could facilitate the connection between reserves through biological corridors. Four of the recorded species are under threat category: Tapirus pinchaque (Endangered), Aotus lemurinus, Leopardus tigrinus and Mazama rufina (Vulnerable). The presence of Leopardus pardalis is highlighted as a new record for the department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management activities such as law enforcement and community outreach are thought to affect conservation outcomes in protected areas, but their importance relative to intrinsic environmental characteristics of the parks and extrinsic human pressures surrounding the parks have not been explored. Furthermore, it is not clear which is more related to conservation outcomes—the management itself or local people's perceptions of the management. We measured objective (reports by park staff) and subjective (reports by local people) levels of community outreach and law enforcement based on responses to 374 questionnaires. We estimated mammal abundance and diversity of 6 protected areas based on data from 115 camera traps in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, a biodiversity hotspot with high hunting and land‐conversion pressures. We then examined correlations among them and found that local people's perception of law enforcement was positively related to the local abundance of 2 large, hunted species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) (β = 15.22) and muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) (β = 14.82), but not related to the abundance of smaller mammals or to objective levels of enforcement. The subjective frequency of outreach by park staff to local communities (β = 3.42) and park size (β = 3.28) were significantly and positively related to mammal species richness, whereas elevation, human population density, and subjective frequency of law enforcement were not. We could not conclude that community outreach and law enforcement were directly causing increased mammal abundance and diversity. Nevertheless, the patterns we detected are some of the first empirical evidence consistent with the idea that biodiversity in protected areas may be more positively and strongly related to local perceptions of the intensity of park management than to either intrinsic (e.g., elevation, park size) or extrinsic (e.g., human population density) environmental factors. Article impact statement: Law enforcement and community outreach may benefit mammal assemblages and conservation of large hunted species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las sabanas del Yarí son una importante área biogeográfica cuya biodiversidad no ha sido explorada. Esta zona estuvo históricamente bajo el control de los grupos armados ilegales que restringían su acceso e investigación. Con el proceso de paz, las sabanas del Yarí se abrieron a la investigación, pero también a procesos antrópicos que amenazan su biodiversidad. Aquí, presentamos un listado preliminar que incluye los primeros registros de mamíferos medianos y grandes del sector noroccidental de las sabanas del Yarí, como resultado de un programa de monitoreo comunitario con excombatientes de las FARC. Reportamos 24 especies pertenecientes a 18 familias y 8 órdenes de mamíferos. Resaltamos la presencia de diez especies amenazadas incluidas Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris y Ateles belzebuth. Esto representa el 96 % de los mamíferos terrestres en el río Yarí. A partir de las entrevistas semiestructuradas y notas de campo consideramos a la deforestación, el avance de la frontera agrícola, la ganadería y la caza como las principales amenazas para los mamíferos.

We present new records of Jaguar (Panthera onca) from the department of Cesar, in the Caribbean region of Colombia. In addition, we report some incidents of deaths due to illegal hunting and vehicle collision in two important conservation zones: the Serranía del Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. These records are the result of biodiversity assessments and conservation projects of the wildlife Network Program of CORPOCESAR and constitute an effort to document the distribution and the conflict between humans and jaguars for the northernmost populations of the country.

Reportamos una ampliación del rango altitudinal de Dasyprocta punctata en Costa Rica. Este resultado, se obtiene a partir de la instalación de cámaras trampa en el Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Sector Volcán Barva, donde se consiguieron diez registros fotográficos de guatusa; sobre los 2.714 msnm, 2.728 msnm y 2.743 msnm. Ampliando en 342 msnm su límite altitudinal y sobrepasando los 2.400 msnm reportados para Costa Rica.

El gato montés o lince rojo (Lynx rufus), es un felino de talla mediana con una amplia distribución en México y Norteamérica, para el cual se ha documentado su dieta a lo largo de toda su área de distribución, siendo los lagomorfos y los roedores sus principales presas. Mediante un monitoreo con cámaras trampa, se documenta la primera evidencia de la presencia de la iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en la dieta del gato montés. Además de la presencia de gato montés se registraron cinco especies de felinos; puma (Puma concolor), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), tigrillo (Lepoardus wiedii), ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) y jaguar (Panthera onca). Estudios posteriores, deben evaluar el traslape de nicho y preferencia de hábitos alimenticios de los felinos presentes en esta región del pais, donde coexisten las seis especies de felinos que habitan en México.