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1. Perturbative results of matrix elements of the axial current and their relation with the axial anomaly

Author

Ignacio Castelli, Adam Freese, Cédric Lorcé, Andreas Metz, Barbara Pasquini, and Simone Rodini

Subjects
Perturbative QCD, Axial anomaly, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the axial current is not conserved, due both to fermion masses and to the axial anomaly. Using perturbative quantum chromodynamics, we calculate matrix elements of the local and non-local axial current for a gluon target, clarifying their connection with the axial anomaly. In so doing, we also reconsider classic results obtained in the context of the nucleon spin sum rule as well as recent results for off-forward kinematics. An important role is played by the infrared regulator, for which we put a special emphasis on the nonzero quark mass. We highlight cancellations that take place between contributions from the axial anomaly and the quark mass, and we elaborate on the relation of those cancellations with the conservation of angular momentum.

Published
2024
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2. Energy–momentum tensor in the scalar diquark model

Author

Arturo Amor-Quiroz, William Focillon, Cédric Lorcé, and Simone Rodini

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We study in detail the energy–momentum tensor of the scalar diquark model at the one-loop level using two different regularization methods. We extract the perturbative expressions for the gravitational form factors and we check explicitly that all the Poincaré sum rules are satisfied. We confirm in particular that, like in quantum electrodynamics, the symmetric energy–momentum tensor is finite. Finally, we discuss the results for the trace of the energy–momentum tensor and its relation to the mass of the system.

Published
2023
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3. Gravitational transverse-momentum distributions

Author

Cédric Lorcé and Qin-Tao Song

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We study the energy-momentum tensor of spin-0 and spin-12 hadrons in momentum space. We parametrize this object in terms of so-called gravitational transverse-momentum distributions, and we identify in the quark sector the relations between the latter and the usual transverse-momentum distributions. Focusing on particular components of the energy-momentum tensor, we study momentum densities, flux of inertia and stress distribution in momentum space, revealing part of the wealth of physical information that can be gained from higher-twist transverse-momentum distributions.

Published
2023
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4. Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Andreas Metz, Barbara Pasquini, and Simone Rodini

Subjects
Perturbative QCD, Space-Time Symmetries, Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Renormalization Regularization and Renormalons, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of the nucleon mass decomposition. We discuss in particular the virial theorem in quantum field theory and its implications for the nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium. We reconsider the renormalization of the QCD energy-momentum tensor in minimal-subtraction-type schemes and the physical interpretation of its components, as well as the role played by the trace anomaly and Poincaré symmetry. We also study the concept of “quantum anomalous energy” proposed in some works as a new contribution to the nucleon mass. Examining the various arguments, we conclude that the quantum anomalous energy is not a genuine contribution to the mass sum rule, as a consequence of translation symmetry.

Published
2021
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5. Potential linear and angular momentum in the scalar diquark model

Author

David Arturo Amor-Quiroz, Matthias Burkardt, William Focillon, and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present an analytic two-loop calculation within the scalar diquark model of the potential linear and angular momenta, defined as the difference between the Jaffe-Manohar and Ji notions of linear and angular momenta. As expected by parity and time-reversal symmetries, a direct calculation confirms that the potential transverse momentum coincides with the Jaffe-Manohar (or canonical) definition of average quark transverse momentum, also known as the quark Sivers shift. We examine whether initial/final-state interactions at the origin of the Sivers asymmetry can also generate a potential angular momentum in the scalar diquark model.

Published
2021
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6. Relativistic spin sum rules and the role of the pivot

Author

Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Spin sum rules depend on the choice of a pivot, i.e. the point about which the angular momentum is defined, usually identified with the center of the nucleon. The latter is however not unique in a relativistic theory and has led to apparently contradictory results in the literature. Using the recently developed phase-space approach, we compute for the first time the contribution associated with the motion of the center of the nucleon, and we derive a general spin sum rule which reduces to established results after appropriate choices for the pivot and the spin component.

Published
2021
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7. Universality of the Poincaré gravitational form factor constraints

Author

Cédric Lorcé and Peter Lowdon

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Relativistic spin states are convention dependent. In this work we prove that the zero momentum-transfer limits of the leading two form factors in the decomposition of the energy–momentum tensor matrix elements are independent of this choice. In particular, we demonstrate that these constraints are insensitive to whether the corresponding states are massive or not, and that they arise purely due to the Poincaré covariance of the states.

Published
2020
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8. The energy-momentum tensor of spin-1 hadrons: formalism

Author

Wim Cosyn, Sabrina Cotogno, Adam Freese, and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We provide the complete decomposition of the local gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for spin-1 hadrons, including non-conserved terms for the individual parton flavors and antisymmetric contributions originating from intrinsic spin. We state sum rules for the gravitational form factors appearing in this decomposition and provide relations for the mass decomposition, work balance, total and orbital angular momentum, mass radius, and inertia tensor. Generalizing earlier work, we derive relations between the total and orbital angular momentum and the Mellin moments of twist-2 and 3 generalized parton distributions, accessible in hard exclusive processes with spin-1 targets. Throughout the work, we comment on the unique features in these relations originating from the spin-1 nature of the hadron, being absent in the lower spin cases.

Published
2019
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9. Revisiting the mechanical properties of the nucleon

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Hervé Moutarde, and Arkadiusz P. Trawiński

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We discuss in detail the distributions of energy, radial pressure and tangential pressure inside the nucleon. In particular, this discussion is carried on in both the instant form and the front form of dynamics. Moreover we show for the first time how these mechanical concepts can be defined when the average nucleon momentum does not vanish. We express the conditions of hydrostatic equilibrium and stability in terms of these two and three-dimensional energy and pressure distributions. We briefly discuss the phenomenological relevance of our findings with a simple yet realistic model. In the light of this exhaustive mechanical description of the nucleon, we also present several possible connections between hadronic physics and compact stars, like e.g. the study of the equation of state for matter under extreme conditions and stability constraints.

Published
2019
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10. The relativistic center of mass in field theory with spin

Author

Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In order to unravel the origin of the nucleon spin, one has to study in detail the question of orbital angular momentum, and in particular the reference point about which it is defined. With this in mind, we review the concept of relativistic center of mass, generalize the discussion to the case of asymmetric energy-momentum tensors, and establish the link with the light-front formalism. We find that the p-wave in the Dirac plane-wave solutions arises from a relativistic quantum-mechanical effect which forces the canonical reference point to depend on the observer. This explains why longitudinal spin is much simpler to study than transverse spin. It is also the reason behind the observation of induced shifts and distortions in the parton distributions defined within the light-front formalism.

Published
2018
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11. On the hadron mass decomposition

Author

Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We argue that the standard decompositions of the hadron mass overlook pressure effects, and hence should be interpreted with great care. Based on the semiclassical picture, we propose a new decomposition that properly accounts for these pressure effects. Because of Lorentz covariance, we stress that the hadron mass decomposition automatically comes along with a stability constraint, which we discuss for the first time. We show also that if a hadron is seen as made of quarks and gluons, one cannot decompose its mass into more than two contributions without running into trouble with the consistency of the physical interpretation. In particular, the so-called quark mass and trace anomaly contributions appear to be purely conventional. Based on the current phenomenological values, we find that in average quarks exert a repulsive force inside nucleons, balanced exactly by the gluon attractive force.

Published
2018
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12. Spatial distribution of angular momentum inside the nucleon

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Luca Mantovani, and Barbara Pasquini

Subjects
Energy–momentum tensor, Angular momentum, Spin structure of the nucleon, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We discuss in detail the spatial distribution of angular momentum inside the nucleon. We show that the discrepancies between different definitions originate from terms that integrate to zero. Even though these terms can safely be dropped at the integrated level, they have to be taken into account when discussing distributions. Using the scalar diquark model, we illustrate our results and, for the first time, check explicitly that the equivalence between kinetic and canonical orbital angular momentum persists at the level of distributions, as expected in a system without gauge degrees of freedom.

Published
2018
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13. Quark transverse spin–orbit correlations

Author

Amit Bhoonah and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Energy–momentum tensor, Nucleon spin structure, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We extend the study of quark spin–orbit correlations in the nucleon to the case of transverse polarization. At the leading-twist level, this completes the spin structure of the quark kinetic energy–momentum tensor. In particular, we revisit the transversity decomposition of angular momentum proposed a decade ago by Burkardt and introduce a new transverse correlation, namely between quark transversity and orbital angular momentum. We also provide for the first time the Wandzura–Wilczek expression for the second Mellin moment of twist-3 transversity generalized parton distributions, along with a new sum rule. Based on lattice calculation results, we conclude that the quark transverse spin–orbit correlation is negative for both up and down flavors, just like in the longitudinal case.

Published
2017
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14. Universal effective hadron dynamics from superconformal algebra

Author

Stanley J. Brodsky, Guy F. de Téramond, Hans Günter Dosch, and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

An effective supersymmetric QCD light-front Hamiltonian for hadrons composed of light quarks, which includes a spin–spin interaction between the hadronic constituents, is constructed by embedding superconformal quantum mechanics into AdS space. A specific breaking of conformal symmetry inside the graded algebra determines a unique effective quark-confining potential for light hadrons, as well as remarkable connections between the meson and baryon spectra. The results are consistent with the empirical features of the light-quark hadron spectra, including a universal mass scale for the slopes of the meson and baryon Regge trajectories and a zero-mass pion in the limit of massless quarks. Our analysis is consistently applied to the excitation spectra of the π, ρ, K, K⁎ and ϕ meson families as well as to the N, Δ, Λ, Σ, Σ⁎, Ξ and Ξ⁎ in the baryon sector. We also predict the existence of tetraquarks which are degenerate in mass with baryons with the same angular momentum. The mass of light hadrons is expressed in a universal and frame-independent decomposition in the semiclassical approximation described here.

Published
2016
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15. Proper definition and evolution of generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions

Author

Miguel G. Echevarria, Ahmad Idilbi, Koichi Kanazawa, Cédric Lorcé, Andreas Metz, Barbara Pasquini, and Marc Schlegel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We consider one of the most fundamental sets of hadronic matrix elements, namely the generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs), and argue that their existing definitions lack proper evolution properties. By exploiting the similarity of GTMDs with the much better understood transverse momentum distributions, we argue that the existing definitions of GTMDs have to include an additional dependence on soft gluon radiation in order to render them properly defined. With this, we manage to obtain the evolution kernel of all (un)polarized quark and gluon GTMDs, which turns out to be spin independent. As a byproduct, all large logarithms can be resummed up to next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy with the currently known perturbative ingredients.

Published
2016
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17. The Gluon Sivers Distribution: Status and Future Prospects

Author

Daniël Boer, Cédric Lorcé, Cristian Pisano, and Jian Zhou

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We review what is currently known about the gluon Sivers distribution and what are the opportunities to learn more about it. Because single transverse spin asymmetries in p↑p→πX provide only indirect information about the gluon Sivers function through the relation with the quark-gluon and tri-gluon Qiu-Sterman functions, current data from hadronic collisions at RHIC have not yet been translated into a solid constraint on the gluon Sivers function. SIDIS data, including the COMPASS deuteron data, allow for a gluon Sivers contribution of natural size expected from large Nc arguments, which is O(1/Nc) times the nonsinglet quark Sivers contribution. Several very promising processes to measure the gluon Sivers effect directly have been suggested, which besides RHIC investigations, would strongly favor experiments at AFTER@LHC and a possible future Electron-Ion Collider. Due to the inherent process dependence of TMDs, the gluon Sivers TMD probed in the various processes are different linear combinations of two universal gluon Sivers functions that have different behavior under charge conjugation and that therefore satisfy different theoretical constraints. For this reason both hadronic and DIS type of collisions are essential in the study of the role of gluons in transversely polarized protons.

Published
2015
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18. Theta+ width estimation with nonzero momentum transfer

Author

Cedric, Lorce

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We have used the light-cone formulation of Chiral-Quark Soliton Model to estimate the width of the lightest pentaquark Theta+. We have found that the effect of nonzero momentum transfer is important and reduces drastically the width to about 0.43 MeV. This means that this effect is a piece of the small width puzzle of exotic baryons., Comment: 5 pages

Published
2007

19. Nucleon relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions

Author

Yi Chen and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

As a follow up of our work on the electromagnetic four-current, we study for the first time the relativistic polarization and magnetization spatial distributions inside a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ target within the quantum phase-space approach. While the polarization-magnetization tensor is usually defined in terms of the Gordon decomposition of the electromagnetic four-current, a Breit frame analysis reveals that a physically simpler and more natural picture of the system arises when the polarization-magnetization tensor is instead defined in terms of a Sachs decomposition. Relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions for a moving target are compared with their light-front counterparts. In particular, we show that the genuine light-front magnetization distributions are defined in terms of Fourier transforms of the Sachs magnetic form factor, rather than in terms of the Pauli form factor as suggested earlier in the literature. We finally illustrate our results in the case of a nucleon using the electromagnetic form factors extracted from experimental data., 48 pages, 15 figures

Published
2023

20. Pion and nucleon relativistic electromagnetic four-current distributions

Author

Yi Chen and Cédric Lorcé

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

The quantum phase-space approach allows one to define relativistic spatial distributions inside a target with arbitrary spin and arbitrary average momentum. We apply this quasiprobabilistic formalism to the whole electromagnetic four-current operator in the case of spin-$0$ and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ targets, study in detail the frame dependence of the corresponding spatial distributions, and compare our results with those from the light-front formalism. While former works focused on the charge distributions, we extend here the investigations to the current distributions. We clarify the role played by the Wigner rotation and argue that electromagnetic properties are most naturally understood in terms of Sachs form factors, contrary to what the light-front formalism previously suggested. Finally, we illustrate our results using the pion and nucleon electromagnetic form factors extracted from experimental data., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022

24. Deuteron relativistic charge distributions

Author

Cédric Lorcé and Pierre Wang

Abstract

We study the relativistic 2D charge distributions in the case of a spin-1 target. These charge distributions are based on a phase-space approach allowing one to study their frame dependence, and hence to relate the familiar rest-frame picture with the light-front picture developed in the last two decades. Like in the spin-1/2 case, we show that relativistic kinematical effects associated with spin are responsible for the distortions of the charge distributions seen in a moving frame. Applying our results to the deuteron, we observe a mild frame dependence compared to the nucleon case.

Published
2022

25. Potential linear and angular momentum in the scalar diquark model

Author

Matthias Burkardt, Cédric Lorcé, William Focillon, David Arturo Amor-Quiroz, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Quark, Angular momentum, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Scalar (mathematics), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, potential: linear, QC770-798, initial-state interaction, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nucleon structure, Sivers function, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scalar diquark model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Parity (physics), State (functional analysis), final-state interaction, Diquark, QB460-466, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, parity, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Homogeneous space, time reversal: symmetry, quark: transverse momentum, diquark: scalar, asymmetry
Abstract

We present an analytic two-loop calculation within the scalar diquark model of the potential linear and angular momenta, defined as the difference between the Jaffe-Manohar and Ji notions of linear and angular momenta. As expected by parity and time-reversal symmetries, a direct calculation confirms that the potential transverse momentum coincides with the Jaffe-Manohar (or canonical) definition of average quark transverse momentum, also known as the quark Sivers shift. We examine whether initial/final-state interactions at the origin of the Sivers asymmetry can also generate a potential angular momentum in the scalar diquark model., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures

Published
2021

26. Heavy-flavour studies with a high-luminosity fixed-target experiment at the LHC

Author

C. Hadjidakis, J.P. Lansberg, Sarah Julie Porteboeuf, E. G. Ferreiro, Anthony Klein, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, R. Haque, Aleksander Kusina, G. Cavoto, C. Quintans, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Patrick Robbe, Jakub Wagner, Zishuo Yang, W. Scandale, N.S. Topilskaya, C. VanHulse, Y. I. Makdisi, I. Schienbein, Alexey Kurepin, Laure Marie Massacrier, Miguel G. Echevarria, Nodoka Yamanaka, A. Zelenski, D. P. Kikola, J. Seixas, Florian Lyonnet, Stanley J. Brodsky, Hua-Sheng Shao, Ivana Hrivnacova, C. DaSilva, Antonio Uras, Cédric Lorcé, Andrea Signori, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
p p: scattering, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, quarkonium: production, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucl-ex, heavy quark: production, lead: beam, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, p nucleus: scattering, quark gluon: plasma, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, nucleus: target, Quarkonium, Projection (relational algebra), CERN LHC Coll, gas: target, 13. Climate action, Quark–gluon plasma, Production (computer science), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Extraction of the multi-TeV proton and lead LHC beams with a bent crystal or by using an internal gas target allows one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiment ever. pp, pd and pA collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 115 GeV and Pbp and PbA collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 72 GeV can be studied with high precision and modern detection techniques over a broad rapidity range. Using the LHCb or the ALICE detector in a fixed-target mode offers unprecedented possibilities to access heavy-flavour production in a new energy domain, half way between the SPS and the nominal RHIC energy. In this contribution, a review of projection studies for quarkonium and open charm and beauty production with both detector set-ups used with various nuclear targets and the LHC lead beams is presented., Hard Probes 2020 proceedings

Published
2021

27. Introduction for Week III

Author

Yuri V. Kovchegov, Elke C. Aschenauer, Cédric Lorcé, Yoshitaka Hatta, Keh-Fei Liu, Cyrille Marquet, and Alexei Prokudin

Published
2020

28. The QCD energy-momentum tensor for massive hadrons of arbitrary spin

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Sabrina Cotogno, Peter Lowdon, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Hadron, hadron: spin, parametrization, form factor: gravitation, Gravitation, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], quantum chromodynamics, Stress–energy tensor, Tensor, Parametrization, Spin-½, Mathematical physics
Abstract

International audience; We present the parametrisation of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) for massive hadrons of any spin, writing explicitly the expansion in terms of gravitational form factors (GFFs). Such a complete and general parametrisation allows one to derive universal properties that are valid for all hadrons independently of their spin.

Published
2020

29. Universality of the Poincaré gravitational form factor constraints

Author

Peter Lowdon, Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Spin states, lcsh:Astrophysics, forward scattering, form factor: gravitation, spin, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, symbols.namesake, Poincare, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, universality, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Two-form, Mathematical physics, Physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, momentum transfer, Momentum transfer, Covariance, 16. Peace & justice, Universality (dynamical systems), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Poincaré conjecture, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], symbols, lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract

Relativistic spin states are convention dependent. In this work we prove that the zero momentum-transfer limits of the leading two form factors in the decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor matrix elements are independent of this choice. In particular, we demonstrate that these constraints are insensitive to whether the corresponding states are massive or not, and that they arise purely due to the Poincar\'e covariance of the states., Comment: 11 pages; v2: additional comments added, matches published version

Published
2020

30. Covariant multipole expansion of local currents for massive states of any spin

Author

Manuel B. Morales, Sabrina Cotogno, Peter Lowdon, Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Lorentz transformation, Scalar (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, expansion: multipole, Phenomenological aspects of field theory, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), symbols.namesake, Matrix (mathematics), Theoretical physics, particle: massive, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Covariant transformation, Tensor, structure, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Physics, form factor, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Form factor (quantum field theory), general methods, particle: spin, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), covariance, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], symbols, spin: 2, Multipole expansion, Lorentz
Abstract

We study the structure of scalar, vector, and tensor currents for on shell massive particles of any spin. When considering higher values for the spin of the particle, the number of form factors (FFs) involved in the decomposition of the matrix elements associated with these local currents increases. We identify all the fundamental structures that give rise to the independent FFs, systematically for any spin value. These structures can be conveniently organized using an expansion in covariant multipoles, built solely from the Lorentz generators. This approach allows one to uniquely identify the terms which are universal and those that arise because of spin. We derive counting rules which relate the number of FFs to the total spin j of the state, showing explicitly that these rules match all the well-known cases up to spin 2., Physical Review D, 101 (5), ISSN:1550-7998, ISSN:0556-2821, ISSN:1550-2368

Published
2020

31. Analytic constraints on the energy-momentum tensor in conformal field theories

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Peter Lowdon, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, dimension: 4, Lorentz transformation, FOS: Physical sciences, Conformal map, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, Matrix (mathematics), Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Poincare, Conformal symmetry, 0103 physical sciences, Stress–energy tensor, unitarity, Covariant transformation, Tensor, Quantum field theory, 010306 general physics, Physics, field theory: conformal, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], 16. Peace & justice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]
Abstract

In this work we investigate the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor for massless on-shell states in four-dimensional unitary, local, and Poincar\'e covariant quantum field theories. We demonstrate that these matrix elements can be parametrised in terms of covariant multipoles of the Lorentz generators, and that this gives rise to a form factor decomposition in which the helicity dependence of the states is factorised. Using this decomposition we go on to explore some of the consequences for conformal field theories, deriving the explicit analytic conditions imposed by conformal symmetry, and using examples to illustrate that they uniquely fix the form of the matrix elements. We also provide new insights into the constraints imposed by the existence of massless particles, showing in particular that massless free theories are necessarily conformal., Comment: 20 pages; v3: additional results added regarding massless free theories, matches published version

Published
2020

32. Charge Distributions of Moving Nucleons

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, spin, 01 natural sciences, charge distribution, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Momentum, phase space, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), correction: relativistic, Physics, Frame (networking), Wigner rotation, nucleon, Charge density, Charge (physics), Rest frame, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, kinematics, Quantum electrodynamics, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Elementary Particles and Fields, Breit frame, Nucleon
Abstract

Relativistic charge distributions of targets with arbitrary average momentum are introduced. They provide an interpolation between the usual Breit frame and infinite-momentum frame distributions. We find that Breit frame distributions can be interpreted from a phase-space perspective as internal charge quasi-densities in the rest frame of a localized target, without any relativistic correction. We show also that the apparent discrepancies between Breit frame and infinite-momentum frame distributions simply result from kinematical artifacts associated with spin., 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2020

33. Gravitational form factor constraints and their universality

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Peter Lowdon, Sabrina Cotogno, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, form factor, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Lorentz transformation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), nonperturbative, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Universality (dynamical systems), Gravitation, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Poincare, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), field theory: local, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Poincaré conjecture, symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Covariant transformation, universality, Mathematics
Abstract

By adopting a local QFT framework one can derive in a non-perturbative manner the constraints imposed by Poincar\'e symmetry on the form factors appearing in the Lorentz covariant decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor matrix elements. In particular, this approach enables one to prove that these constraints are in fact independent of the internal properties of the states appearing in the matrix elements. Here we outline the rationale behind this approach, and report on some of the implications of these findings., Comment: 6 pages. Talk presented at Light Cone 2019 - QCD on the light cone: from hadrons to heavy ions (LC2019), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, September 2019

Published
2019

34. Energy, angular momentum and pressure force distributions inside nucleons

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, Angular momentum, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Position and momentum space, nonperturbative, form factor: gravitation, angular momentum, 01 natural sciences, hadron: structure, Education, Gravitation, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), symbols.namesake, pressure, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Tensor, 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, nucleon, form factor: electromagnetic, Computer Science Applications, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Fourier transform, Distribution (mathematics), Classical mechanics, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], symbols, Nucleon
Abstract

We review some of the recent developments regarding mass, angular momentum and pressure forces inside hadrons. These properties are all encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system, which is described at the non-perturbative level in terms of gravitational form factors. Similarly to electromagnetic form factors, Fourier transforms of gravitational form factors allow one to map out the distribution of the above mechanical properties in position space, providing a whole new way of studying in detail the internal structure of hadrons., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the 27th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) 2019, July 29- August 2, Glasgow, UK

Published
2019

35. The angular momentum decomposition in the scalar diquark model

Author

Matthias Burkardt, Arturo Amor-Quiroz, Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, Angular momentum, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], High Energy Physics::Lattice, Hadron, kinetic, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Kinetic energy, spectator, angular momentum, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Total angular momentum quantum number, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, quantum electrodynamics, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, structure, 050107 human factors, perturbation theory, Physics, quark: sea, 05 social sciences, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Scalar (physics), 020207 software engineering, gluon, Diquark, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, sum rule: spin, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Quark–gluon plasma, quark: valence, High Energy Physics::Experiment, diquark: scalar
Abstract

One of the challenges of hadronic physics is to fully understand the structure of the proton. In particular, there is nowadays a great interest in the decomposition of its total angular momentum into orbital angular momentum and intrinsic spin, as well as identifying contributions from valence quarks, sea quarks and gluons. The most common decompositions of angular momentum are the Jaffe-Manohar (canonical) and Ji (kinetic) decompositions, which differ in the way contributions are attributed to quarks and gluons. Using perturbation theory, explicit one-loop calculations found that the difference between such decompositions vanishes. We justify within the diquark model in QED that the difference appears at two-loop level, supporting the interpretation of such a difference as originating from the torque exerted by the spectator system on the struck quark., Comment: DIS conference 2019

Published
2019

36. The energy-momentum tensor of spin-1 hadrons: formalism

Author

Adam Freese, Cédric Lorcé, Wim Cosyn, Sabrina Cotogno, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Angular momentum, POLARIZATION, generalized parton distribution, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Parton, form factor: gravitation, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], angular momentum, 01 natural sciences, PARTON, Gravitation, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, Stress–energy tensor, invariance: gauge, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING, Physics, flavor, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Antisymmetric relation, Moment of inertia, MESONS, EVOLUTION, DEUTERON, sum rule, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics and Astronomy, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], lcsh:QC770-798, spin: 1, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, hadron, ANGULAR-MOMENTUM
Abstract

We provide the complete decomposition of the local gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for spin-1 hadrons, including non-conserved terms for the individual parton flavors and antisymmetric contributions originating from intrinsic spin. We state sum rules for the gravitational form factors appearing in this decomposition and provide relations for the mass decomposition, work balance, total and orbital angular momentum, mass radius, and inertia tensor. Generalizing earlier work, we derive relations between the total and orbital angular momentum and the Mellin moments of twist-2 and 3 generalized parton distributions, accessible in hard exclusive processes with spin-1 targets. Throughout the work, we comment on the unique features in these relations originating from the spin-1 nature of the hadron, being absent in the lower spin cases., Comment: 16 pages

Published
2019
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37. Poincaré constraints on the gravitational form factors for massive states with arbitrary spin

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Sabrina Cotogno, Peter Lowdon, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Angular momentum, generalized parton distribution, Lorentz transformation, form factor: gravitation, spin, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, symbols.namesake, Matrix (mathematics), sum rule: momentum, massive, 0103 physical sciences, Tensor, 010306 general physics, Two-form, Mathematical physics, Spin-½, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Symmetry (physics), field theory in curved space, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Formal aspects of field theory, symmetry: Poincare, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], sum rule: angular momentum
Abstract

In this work we analyse the constraints imposed by Poincar\'e symmetry on the gravitational form factors appearing in the Lorentz decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor matrix elements for massive states with arbitrary spin. By adopting a distributional approach, we prove for the first time non-perturbatively that the zero momentum transfer limit of the leading two form factors in the decomposition are completely independent of the spin of the states. It turns out that these constraints arise due to the general Poincar\'e transformation and on-shell properties of the states, as opposed to the specific characteristics of the individual Poincar\'e generators themselves. By expressing these leading form factors in terms of generalised parton distributions, we subsequently derive the linear and angular momentum sum rules for states with arbitrary spin., Comment: 18 pages

Published
2019

38. Revisiting the mechanical properties of the nucleon

Author

Arkadiusz P. Trawiński, Cédric Lorcé, Hervé Moutarde, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE31-0019,DenseQCDatLHC,Etude du régime de haute densité partonique de QCD dans les collisions hadroniques au LHC(2016)

Subjects
Equation of state, star: compact, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hadron, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), equilibrium, nucleon: momentum, law.invention, Momentum, pressure, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Simple (abstract algebra), law, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), equation of state, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, stability, Stars, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Classical mechanics, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], lcsh:QC770-798, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Nucleon
Abstract

We discuss in detail the distributions of energy, radial pressure and tangential pressure inside the nucleon. In particular, this discussion is carried on in both the instant form and the front form of dynamics. Moreover we show for the first time how these mechanical concepts can be defined when the average nucleon momentum does not vanish. We express the conditions of hydrostatic equilibrium and stability in terms of these two and three-dimensional energy and pressure distributions. We briefly discuss the phenomenological relevance of our findings with a simple yet realistic model. In the light of this exhaustive mechanical description of the nucleon, we also present several possible connections between hadronic physics and compact stars, like e.g. the study of the equation of state for matter under extreme conditions and stability constraints., 32 pages, 38 figures, version after publishing

Published
2019

39. Quark and Gluon Orbital Angular Momentum: Where Are We?

Author

Cédric Lorcé and Keh-Fei Liu

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Angular momentum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Proton spin crisis, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons contributes significantly to the proton spin budget and attracted a lot of attention in the recent years, both theoretically and experimentally. We summarize the various definitions of parton orbital angular momentum together with their relations with parton distributions functions. In particular, we highlight current theoretical puzzles and give some prospects., Comment: 6 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the LigthCone 2015 Conference, Sep 21-25, INFN Frascati National Laboratories, Frascati, Italy

Published
2016

40. Wigner Functions and Nucleon Structure

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Barbara Pasquini, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Angular momentum, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], High Energy Physics::Lattice, quark: correlation, nucleon: structure, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Structure (category theory), multipole, Wigner, angular momentum, Interpretation (model theory), phase space: transverse, Distribution (mathematics), orbital angular momentum, Phase space, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Wigner distributions, nucleon: polarization, Multipole expansion, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

International audience; We discuss the leading-twist quark Wigner distributions in the nucleon, both in the T-even and T-odd sectors, considering all the possible configurations of the quark and nucleon polarizations. We identify the basic multipole structures associated with each distribution in the transverse phase space, providing a transparent interpretation of the spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations of quarks and nucleons encoded in these functions.

Published
2018

41. Mass structure and pressure forces inside the nucleon

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lepton nucleon: scattering, Distribution (number theory), Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Structure (category theory), hadron: mass, FOS: Physical sciences, spin, gravitational form factors, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), pressure, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Tensor, structure, dimension: 2, Spin-½, Physics, light front, nucleon: mass, generalized parton distributions, Front (oceanography), Hadron mass and pressure, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Classical mechanics, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Nucleon
Abstract

We summarize recent works on the question of the nucleon mass decomposition and the 2D relativistic distribution of pressure forces on the light front. All these mechanical properties are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system which can be constrained using various types of high-energy lepton-nucleon scatterings. Some further developments for targets with spin $>1/2$ are also reported., 4 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the INT program "Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions (INT ,18-3)", October 1-November 16, 2018, Seattle, USA

Published
2018

42. Probing the high-$x$ content of the nuclei in the fixed-target mode at the LHC

Author

C. Quintans, I. Schienbein, Patrick Robbe, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Z. Yang, W. Scandale, Aleksander Kusina, Elena G. Ferreiro, F. Donato, Nataliya Topilskaya, Hua-Sheng Shao, Jan Wagner, Y. I. Makdisi, Joao Seixas, Jean-Philippe Lansberg, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Cédric Lorcé, Alexander Kurepin, Antonio Uras, S. Porteboeuf, Laure Marie Massacrier, Andrea Signori, Ivana Hrivnacova, Anthony Klein, A. Zelenski, Nodoka Yamanaka, D. P. Kikola, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, G. Cavoto, C. L. Da Silva, Miguel G. Echevarria, Florian Lyonnet, Stanley J. Brodsky, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Drell-Yan process, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, parton: distribution function, quarkonium: production, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, hadronic interactions, quark: structure function, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), ALICE, beam extraction, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Charm (quantum number), Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 05 social sciences, Detector, Drell–Yan process, hep-ph, p: beam, Quarkonium, hadronic collisions, fixed-target experiment at the LHC, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, CERN LHC Coll, LHC, Particle Physics - Experiment, Quark, gluon: structure function, ion collisions, Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 0502 economics and business, 0103 physical sciences, heavy quark, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, talk: Aix-Les-Bains 2018/10/01, hep-ex, nucleus: target, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, LHC-B, Gluon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, charm, 050203 business & management, experimental results
Abstract

Using the LHCb and ALICE detectors in the fixed-target mode at the LHC offers unprecedented possibilities to study the quark, gluon and heavy-quark content of the proton and nuclei in the poorly known region of the high-momentum fractions. We review our projections for studies of Drell-Yan, charm, beauty and quarkonium production with both detector set-ups used with various nuclear targets and the LHC proton beams. Based on this, we show the expected improvement in the determination of the quark, charm and gluon proton and nuclear PDFs as well as discuss the implication for a better understanding of the cold-nuclear-matter effects in hard-probe production in proton-nucleus collisions., Comment: Proceedings of the Hard Probes 2018 conference

Published
2018

43. A Fixed-Target Programme at the LHC: Physics Case and Projected Performances for Heavy-Ion, Hadron, Spin and Astroparticle Studies

Author

Laure Marie Massacrier, C. Hadjidakis, A. Zelenski, D. P. Kikola, J. Seixas, E.G. Ferreiro, Jakub Wagner, Zishuo Yang, Nataliya Topilskaya, W. Scandale, A. Klein, S. Porteboeuf Houssais, Cédric Lorcé, Patrick Robbe, Jean-Philippe Lansberg, Antonio Uras, C. L. Da Silva, Andrea Signori, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Miguel G. Echevarria, I. Hřivnáčová, G. Cavoto, F. Donato, Hua-Sheng Shao, Florian Lyonnet, Stanley J. Brodsky, Nodoka Yamanaka, A. B. Kurepin, C. Quintans, Ingo Schienbein, A. Rakotozafindrabe, A. Kusina, Y. I. Makdisi, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
heavy ion: scattering, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, p nucleus: interaction, Hadron, heavy-ion physics, General Physics and Astronomy, parton: distribution function, beam transport, nucl-ex, hadron structure, fixed-target program for the Large Hadron Collider, 01 natural sciences, COMPASS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Sivers function, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), ALICE, Compass, target: wire, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, bent crystal, gas: polarized target, Spin-½, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Detector, hep-ph, collective phenomena, hadronization, nuclear physics, TMD physics, spin physics, astrophysics, Proton (rocket family), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, CERN LHC Coll, Nuclear Physics - Theory, proposed experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, performance, astroparticles, p p: scattering, nucl-th, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], energy loss, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], gluon: polarization, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, heavy ion physics, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, transverse momentum: dependence, nuclear matter: effect, nucleon: structure function, LHC-B, Beamline, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Physics::Accelerator Physics, nucleon: spin, ion, quarkonium: hadroproduction, quark: polarization
Abstract

We review the context, the motivations and the expected performances of a comprehensive and ambitious fixed-target program using the multi-TeV proton and ion LHC beams. We also provide a detailed account of the different possible technical implementations ranging from an internal wire target to a full dedicated beam line extracted with a bent crystal. The possibilities offered by the use of the ALICE and LHCb detectors in the fixed-target mode are also reviewed., LaTeX, 115 pages. v2: version submitted to Physics Reports. A few figures added and some text improved. v3: accepted for publication in Physics Reports

Published
2018

44. The origin of the nucleon mass

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Trace (linear algebra), Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Theoretical physics, pressure, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, quantum chromodynamics, Decomposition (computer science), Tensor, 010306 general physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, nucleon: mass, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gluon, Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, tensor: energy-momentum, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Balance equation, Mathematically Correct, Nucleon
Abstract

It is often claimed that 98% of the nucleon mass is generated by quantum chromodynamics. The decomposition of the nucleon mass based on the trace of the energy-momentum tensor suggests that gluons play by far a dominant role. About 25 years ago, Ji proposed another decomposition based on the energy component of the energy-momentum tensor, leading to a quite different picture. Recently, we critically revisited these decompositions and argued that both overlooked pressure effects. In particular we showed that Ji's decomposition, although mathematically correct, makes little sense from a physical point of view. We identify the proper mass decomposition along with a balance equation for the pressure forces., 6 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the XXII International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB22) 2018, July 9-13, Caen, France

Published
2018

45. A fixed-target programme at the LHC for heavy-ion, hadron, spin and astroparticle physics: AFTER@LHC

Author

G. Cavoto, Y. I. Makdisi, Nodoka Yamanaka, A. Rakotozafindrabe, C. L. Da Silva, A. Zelenski, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Ingo Schienbein, Jakub Wagner, Zishuo Yang, D. P. Kikola, S. Porteboeuf, J. Seixas, Antonio Uras, Patrick Robbe, Andrea Signori, Miguel G. Echevarria, F. Donato, Nataliya Topilskaya, A. Kusina, Hua-Sheng Shao, A. Klein, Cédric Lorcé, Elena G. Ferreiro, W. Scandale, I. Hřivnáčová, C. Quintans, C. Hadjidakis, Alexey Kurepin, Florian Lyonnet, Stanley J. Brodsky, L. Massacrier, J.P. Lansberg, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AFTER@LHC study, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
heavy ion: scattering, Proton, bent crystals, channeling, beam extraction, large hadron collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, quarkonium: production, 115 GeV-cms/nucleon, nucl-ex, spin, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, hadronic collisions, nuclear physics, fixed-target experiment at the LHC, spin physics, ALICE, lead: beam, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, heavy ion, CERN LHC Coll, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, p p: scattering, Meson, 72 GeV-cms/nucleon, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], meson, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, heavy quark, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), p nucleus: scattering, Astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, LHC-B, Automatic Keywords, Heavy ion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron
Abstract

Thanks to its multi-TeV LHC proton and lead beams, the LHC complex allows one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever and to study with high precision pp, pd and pA collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 115 GeV and Pbp and PbA collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 72 GeV. We present a selection of feasibility studies for the production of quarkonia, open heavy-flavor mesons as well as light-flavor hadrons in pA and PbA collisions using the LHCb and ALICE detectors in a fixed-target mode., Proceedings of the Quark Matter 2018 conference

Published
2018

46. New explicit expressions for Dirac bilinears

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] ( CPHT ), and École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, space: Minkowski, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, field theory, 01 natural sciences, [ PHYS.HTHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), polarization: spinor, 0103 physical sciences, Minkowski space, Covariant transformation, Dirac equation, covariance: Lorentz, 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.NUCL ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Mathematical physics, Physics, Spinor, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], scattering amplitude, Wigner rotation, Polarization (waves), Expression (mathematics), spinor: Dirac, rotation: effect, Scattering amplitude, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], symbols, [ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]
Abstract

We derive new explicit expressions for the Dirac bilinears based on a generic representation of the massive Dirac spinors with canonical polarization. These bilinears depend on a direction $n$ in Minkowski space which specifies the form of dynamics. We argue that such a dependence is unavoidable in a relativistic theory with spin, since it originates from Wigner rotation effects. Contrary to most of the expressions found in the literature, our ones are valid for all momenta and canonical polarizations of the spinors. As a by-product, we also obtain a generic explicit expression for the covariant spin vector., Comment: 9 pages, version accepted in PRD

Published
2018

47. Twist-3 generalized parton distributions in deeply-virtual Compton scattering

Author

Andreas Metz, Matthias Burkardt, Cédric Lorcé, Barbara Pasquini, Fatma P. Aslan, Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, Angular momentum, generalized parton distribution, parton: distribution function, Parton, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, quantum chromodynamics: factorization, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, deeply virtual Compton scattering: (nucleon), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, quark: angular momentum, scattering amplitude, Compton scattering, Observable, Scattering amplitude, Amplitude, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], twist, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

International audience; The subleading power of the scattering amplitude for deeply-virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) off the nucleon contains leading-twist and twist-3 generalized parton distributions (GPDs). We point out that in DVCS, at twist-3 accuracy, one cannot address any individual twist-3 GPD. This complication appears on top of the deconvolution issues familiar from the twist-2 DVCS amplitude. Accessible are exclusively linear combinations involving both vector and axial-vector twist-3 GPDs. This implies, in particular, that the (kinetic) orbital angular momentum of quarks can hardly be constrained by twist-3 DVCS observables. Moreover, using the quark-target model, we find that twist-3 GPDs can be discontinuous. The discontinuities however cancel in the DVCS amplitude, which further supports the hypothesis of factorization at twist-3 accuracy.

Published
2018

48. Ultra-peripheral-collision studies in the fixed-target mode with the proton and lead LHC beams

Author

Alexander Kurepin, Patrick Robbe, Y. I. Makdisi, Antonio Uras, Cédric Lorcé, I. Schienbein, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Florian Lyonnet, Andrea Signori, Stanley J. Brodsky, Nataliya Topilskaya, A. Kusina, Z. Yang, W. Scandale, Ivana Hrivnacova, Laure Marie Massacrier, Nodoka Yamanaka, A. Zelenski, D. P. Kikola, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, S. Porteboeuf, Jean-Philippe Lansberg, Miguel G. Echevarria, G. Cavoto, Jan Wagner, C. Quintans, F. Donato, Hua-Sheng Shao, Joao Seixas, Anthony Klein, C. L. Da Silva, Elena G. Ferreiro, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
heavy ion: scattering, generalized parton distribution, Nuclear Theory, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, p nucleus: interaction, parton: distribution function, Parton, nucl-ex, High Energy Physics - Experiment, hadronic interactions, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), beam extraction, J/psi(3100): photoproduction, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, hep-ph, 3. Good health, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, CERN LHC Coll, hydrogen: polarized target, Nuclear Physics - Theory, fixed-target experiment at the LHC, LHC, Particle Physics - Experiment, ion collisions, nucl-th, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Measure (mathematics), Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, talk: Aix-Les-Bains 2018/10/01, lead, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Mode (statistics), gluon, Collision, Gluon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, experimental results
Abstract

We address the physics case related to the studies of ultra-peripheral pH, pPb, PbH, and PbPb collisions in the fixed-target mode at the LHC. In particular, we discuss how one can measure the gluon generalized parton distribution E_g(x,xi,t) in exclusive J/psi photoproduction with a transversely polarized hydrogen target., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the International Conference on Hard & Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2018), 30 September-5 October 2018, Aix-Les-Bains, France

Published
2018

49. Gluon density fluctuations in dilute hadrons

Author

Cédric Lorcé, Simon Pekar, Laura Dominé, Giuliano Giacalone, Stéphane Munier, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE31-0019,DenseQCDatLHC,Etude du régime de haute densité partonique de QCD dans les collisions hadroniques au LHC(2016), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Particle physics, density: fluctuation, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Rare events, Multiplicity (chemistry), Strong Interactions, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, p nucleus: scattering, Physics, energy: high, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, particle: multiplicity, hadron nucleus: scattering, electron nucleus: scattering, electron nucleon: colliding beams, gluon: density, Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, rapidity, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Multiplicity distribution
Abstract

Motivated by the relation existing between the gluon density in a hadron and the multiplicity of the particles measured in the final state of hadron-nucleus collisions, we study systematically the fluctuations of the gluon density in onia, which are the simplest dilute hadrons, of different sizes and at various rapidities. We argue that the small and the large-multiplicity tails of the gluon distributions present universal features, which should translate into properties of the multiplicity of the particles measured in the final state of high-energy proton-nucleus collisions, or of deep-inelastic scattering at a future electron-ion collider. We propose simple physical pictures of the rare events populating the tails of the multiplicity distribution that allow us to derive analytical formulas describing these universal behaviors, and we compare them to the results of Monte Carlo simulations., Physical Review D, 98 (11), ISSN:1550-7998, ISSN:0556-2821, ISSN:1550-2368

Published
2018
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50. Physics perspectives with AFTER@LHC (A Fixed Target ExpeRiment at LHC)

Author

Ralf Ulrich, Nataliya Topilskaya, V. Chambert, B. Genolini, Z. Yang, Yang Gao, L. Massacrier, Florian Lyonnet, Stanley J. Brodsky, Nodoka Yamanaka, M. Anselmino, E. Steffens, Ulrik I. Uggerhøj, Cristian Pisano, A. Nass, Marc Schlegel, Ingo Schienbein, François Fleuret, Roberta Arnaldi, Jan Wagner, C. Hadjidakis, Cédric Lorcé, Miguel G. Echevarria, Patrick Robbe, J. Seixas, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, J.P. Didelez, Antonio Uras, Andrea Signori, D. P. Kikola, I. Hřivnáčová, Anthony Klein, Lech Szymanowski, Hua-Sheng Shao, C. L. Da Silva, Elena G. Ferreiro, A. Kusina, Enrico Scomparin, Jean-Philippe Lansberg, Guillermo Martínez, A. B. Kurepin, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] ( CPHT ), École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies ( LPTHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon ( IPNL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Subatomic Physics, and Sub Subatomic Physics (SAP)

Subjects
Proton, 115 GeV-cms/nucleon, PROTON, nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), hadronic collisions, fixed-target experiment at the LHC, spin physics, 72 GeV-cms/nucleon115 GeV-cms/nucleon, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, n: spin, talk: Utrecht 2017/07/10, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, quark gluon: plasma, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, HELAC-ONIA, BEAMS, CERN LHC Coll, heavy quark: hadroproduction, proposed experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle physics, FEASIBILITY, QC1-999, 72 GeV-cms/nucleon, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Astronomy(all), MATRIX-ELEMENT, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], p: spin, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, 010306 general physics, HEAVY QUARKONIUM PHYSICS, Spins, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, CERN SPS, GENERATOR, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

AFTER@LHC is an ambitious fixed-target project in order to address open questions in the domain of proton and neutron spins, Quark Gluon Plasma and high-$x$ physics, at the highest energy ever reached in the fixed-target mode. Indeed, thanks to the highly energetic 7 TeV proton and 2.76 A.TeV lead LHC beams, center-of-mass energies as large as $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 115 GeV in pp/pA and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 72 GeV in AA can be reached, corresponding to an uncharted energy domain between SPS and RHIC. We report two main ways of performing fixed-target collisions at the LHC, both allowing for the usage of one of the existing LHC experiments. In these proceedings, after discussing the projected luminosities considered for one year of data taking at the LHC, we will present a selection of projections for light and heavy-flavour production., Comment: Proceeding of SQM2017 conference

Published
2017

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