Search

This article aimed to identify sources and transport pathways of macro- and microelements in large urbanized rivers under significant anthropogenic pressure. To achieve the objective of this study, the geochemical characteristics of the sediments of the Sava and Danube Rivers and the soils flooded by the Kolubara River were determined. The high content of Mg indicates the dominant origin of the material from loess deposits. The significantly higher contents of Cr and Ni in sediment and soil samples from the Obrenovački Zabran (OZ) than in the samples from the Veliko Ratno Ostrvo (VRO) are the result of increased anthropogenic pressure. Sediments from the VRO show increased Sn and Sb contents. The increase in the content of chalcophile elements is the highest in the sediments from the OZ and ranges from 1.8 to 2.7 times, compared to their concentrations in the Earth’s crust. The soils from OZ and the sediments from the VRO show a decrease in the content of chalcophile elements compared to the sediments from the OZ so the increase is 1.2–1.5, and 0.9–2.3 times, respectively compared to the Earth’s crust. The obtained results revealed that the yield of sedimentary material that has higher concentrations of microelements decreases already at a distance of several km.

The goal of the strategic roadmap is to stimulate the transformation of social and economic systems through accumulated scientific and technological knowledge. This will trigger the development of a national strategy for microplastics based on scientific excellence, policy and industry readiness for environmentally friendly lifestyles to address the growing amount of microplastics in the environment. In order to achieve the goal of the proposed initiative on a national strategy for microplastics, the following specific objectives have been established: Pollution prevention through the improvement of a sustainable plastic waste management system and more efficient use of waste in the circular economy; Developing a circular economy based on industrial symbiosis and increasing resource efficiency, Identifying and advancing product alternatives; Develop a monitoring program for microplastics, Define risk thresholds and develop a risk assessment framework; Sources and pathways prioritization; Evaluating new solutions to mitigate microplastics contamination; Improvement of the environmental protection financing system; Strengthened capacities of institutions for reducing microplastics and harmonized regulations with EU regulations; Conduct consumer education and awareness-raising campaigns.

U Republici Srbiji do sada nije kreiran uniformni model ekološkog označavanja za građevinske proizvode na bazi pečene gline. Vodeći proizvođači jedine podatke o svojim proizvodima daju u katalozima, ističući da su napravljeni od ekoloških sirovina i da su energetski efikasni. Podaci o proizvodnom procesu, emisijama zagađujućih materija i predviđenim merama zaštite životne sredine najčešće nisu dostupni. Polazeći od činjenice da proizvodnja ovih proizvoda značajno utiče na životnu sredinu, nametnula se potreba za razvojem inovativne metodologije utvrđivanja kriterijuma za ekološko označavanje građevinskih proizvoda na bazi pečene gline u Republici Srbiji. U tu svrhu kreiran je set od 24 indikatora. Izdvojeni indikatori su opisnog karaktera i da bi se mogli procenjivati, bilo je neophodno da im se dodeli vrednost. Na osnovu raspoložive stručne i naučne literature, izvršeno je određivanje prioriteta indikatora metodom prioritizacije koja se zasniva na proceni uticaja građevinskih proizvoda na bazi pečene gline na kvalitet životne sredine i na zdravlje ljudi. Metoda je kombinovana sa procenom prioriteta održivosti 3BL pristupa. U fokusu sprovedenog istraživanja bila su tri najčešće korišćena proizvoda – fasadna opeka, standardni blok i energetski blok. Kriterijumi za sticanje prava proizvođača građevinskih proizvoda na ekološko označavanje njihovih proizvoda, definisani su poređenjem individualne ukupne zbirne vrednosti indikatora pojedinačnog proizvođača u odnosu na referentnu zbirnu vrednost. Pravo na ekološku oznaku prema tako definisanim kriterijumima imali bi proizvođači čija je ukupna zbirna vrednost indikatora veća od 80% od usvojene referentne zbirne vrednosti. Ukoliko je ta vrednost između 70% i 80%, proizvođač uz izvesne korekcije može steći pravo na ekološku oznaku. Za vrednosti koje su niže od 70%, proizvođač ne može steći ekološku oznaku. Verifikacija razvijene metodologije izvršena je na vodećim proizvođačima građevinskih proizvoda na bazi pečene gline iz

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles and fragments that are less than 5 millimeters in size. These particles can be found in various environmental compartments. They are a growing concern due to their potential environmental impact and the challenges they pose for ecosystems and human health. Microplastics can vary in shape, composition, and size, with some being so small that they are not visible to the naked eye (nano dimensions). This diversity makes the detection and analysis of microplastics a complex scientific field. When conducting microplastics analysis, it is essential to choose the appropriate combination of instruments and techniques based on the sample type, and expected particle sizes. Additionally, methods for the analysis of microplastics are still being developed and have not been brought to the level of standards. Like all other methods of analysis, this procedure involves the extraction of particles from the matrix [1] and then an analysis that enables the confirmation of the identity of the polymer from the point of its particle composition. Particles that are mixed polymers also often appear. That is why it is most practical, and at the same time the most expensive, to have several different techniques to determine the type of particles. Everything gets complicated when applied to micro and nano particle sizes. Today, different instrumental techniques are used for the detection of microplastics, depending on the dimensions of the particles to be identified. FTIR Spectrometer works by measuring the absorption of infrared light by the sample, providing information about the types of polymers present. Raman Spectrometer is uses the scattering of laser light to provide information about the molecular structure and composition of microplastics. SEM with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) capable to visualize the surface morphology of particles and when coupled with EDS, it can also provide information about the elemental composition of th

Po podacima iz Evropske strategije za plastiku iz 2018. godine, godišnje se u evropskim zemljama proizvodi oko 25,8 miliona tona plas tičnog otpada, od čega se manje od 30% sakuplja za reciklažu. Kao jedan od glavnih izazova Republike Srbije za tranziciju ka cirkularnoj ekonomiji prepoznato je prilagođavanje industrije koja se bavi proizvodnjom plastič ne ambalaže, a naročito ako se uzme u obzir činjenica da 25% od ukupno proizvedenog ambalažnog otpada u Republici Srbiji čini plastični otpad. U radu je predstavljena analiza strateških, planskih i zakonskih me hanizama zemalja članica Evropske unije i Republike Srbije za smanjenje zagađenja životne sredine plastičnim otpadom, uključujući mikroplastiku. Cilj istraživanja je da se identifikuju izazovi koje je neophodno prevazići u zemljama članicama Evropske unije i Republici Srbiji, kako bi se dostigli ambiciozni ciljevi o potpunoj reciklaži plastične ambalaže i unapređenju upravljanja plastičnim otpadom. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na mere za upravljanje plastičnim otpadom koje su bazirane na izbegavanje nastajanja otpada, odnosno njegovoj transformaciji u visokokvalitetne sirovine; pove ćanju stepena reciklaže i ponovne upotrebe, čime se ostvaruje korist, kako za privredu, tako i za životnu sredinu. Evidentan je potencijal za reciklažu plastike u Republici Srbiji, a cirkularna ekonomija je prepoznata kao jedan od načina za razvoj održivog sistema upravljanja plastičnim otpadom.

An increase in urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials, perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In the Republic of Serbia, landfilling is the principal action for the municipal solid waste disposal. Landfills receive plenty of plastic waste generated from daily usage. Municipal solid waste in landfills may act as a reservior of microplastics (MPs) and related pollutants such as phthalate esters (PAEs) into surrounding environment. This study illustrated considerable PAEs levels from an uncontrolled landfill without adequate protection, possibly contributing to their release into the environment in the Republic of Serbia.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems of the 21st century. In the EU, between 75.000 and 300.000 tons of MP are released into the environment every year. MP are ubiquitous, being found in seas, lakes, rivers and estuaries, air, sediments, landfills, and wastewater treatment plants because of improper human disposal of plastics and inadequate waste management. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is frequently promoted as a tool to assess environmental impact. LCA is regulated in accordance with ISO 14040 and implies a process that examines environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts on the product or service life cycle. While LCA is a valuable environmental tool, its application to MP has not been sufficiently developed and investigated. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the LCA modeling of MP. Several leading LCA software were analyzed. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that there are very few databases used by LCA software, which can be connected to MP. In addition, it was concluded that for these types of analysis, it is best to observe the life cycle of plastic waste, focusing on the concept according to which waste is considered a resource.

Purpose To anticipate the impact of illegal landfills, development of new models should become a part of environmental risk management strategies. One of such approaches includes applications of the artificial neural network (ANN). The main objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of illegal landfilling on the surrounding soil environment and human health, as well as to establish an artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the hazards of illegal landfilling as an effective tool in decision-making and environmental risk management. Methods The identification of heavy metals source in soil was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). To assess the sensitivity of the soil ecosystem to heavy metal concentrations, Soil Quality standards and quantitative indices were used. The possible health effects were valued using the average daily doses (ADDs), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). ANN modeling was used for the prediction of heavy metal concentrations in the soil based on landfill size, municipality size, the number of residents, plant species, soil, and landform types. Results The average values of the pollution indexes for Cd were in the moderately contaminated and very high contamina tion categories. The HQ values were lower than the safe level. Cr and Pb posed a significant CR for adults and children, and Ni for children. The ANN models have exhibited good generalization power and accurately predicted the output parameters with a high value of the coefficient of determination. Conclusion Concerning heavy metal concentrations, illegal landfills near agricultural soil have a significant impact on the soil ecosystem and people’s health. The developed ANN models can be applied generally to anticipate the heavy metal concentrations in soil, according to the before mentioned input parameters, with high accuracy.

The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r(2)) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN.

In the period from 2017 to 2022, 4,500 soil samples from the territory of Vojvodina were analyzed as part of the program for monitoring non-agricultural land. The results showed that the biggest problem was the presence of phthalate esters, which in certain locations were higher than the maximum allowed concentrations. Phthalate esters are plasticizers that are added to plastic products to improve their characteristics. A big problem appears in countries that do not have or do not implement waste management regulations and a large number of plastic products end up in landfills. Phthalates can be washed out from evreday plastic products as well as from plastic films, sewage irrigation, sludge, composting and mulching films used in agriculture and thus end up in soil and water bodies. The next risk is the possibility of the decomposition of plastic products under the influence of environmental conditions (photodegradation, thermooxidative degradation, hydrolytic degradation, and biodegradation by microorganisms). They can be broken down into smaller particles with dimensions smaller than 5 mm, which is by definition microplastics. Given that both polluting substances generally have the same origin it is necessary to quantify the correlation between the amount of microplastics and the concentration of phthalates. This results helped us in the exposure assessment process and in prediction the environmental concentrations of phthalates associated with microplastics in soil which was the goal of this research.

With the goal of enhancing the quality of the environment, urban green infrastructure (UGI) is an essential element in sustainable cities, and nature-based solutions (NBS) are being carried out as new infrastructure solutions that increase the resilience of cities. In this research, the method of theoretical analysis and the content analysis as the basic fact-gathering technique was applied to answer to following questions: What are the hindrances and bottlenecks in implementing NBS? Are the current decision-making mechanisms helping NBS get in route to shape cities? Is there any binding policy in practice that promotes NBS? In Belgrade is planned Type 3 of the degree of intervention/level and engineering type-Creation and new ecosystem management in the classifications of intensive urban green space management; urban planning strategies; urban water management; ecological restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems; and restoration and creation of semi-natural water bodies and hydrographic networks. In the future, it is essential to implement policies and incentives on national, regional, and local scales that help encourage the usage of NBS in the development of urban infrastructure.

Hemometrijskim metodama (deskriptivna statistika, korelaciona analiza, analiza glavnih komponenti, klaster analiza, slobodno-granajući dendogram klaster, veštačke neuronske mreže, analiza osetljivosti i metoda standardne ocene) analizrani su rezultati sprovedene ankete i rezultati analize sadržaja žive u kućnoj prašini i zemljištu okućnica na posmatranim lokacijama u Šidu. Rezultati ispitivanja koncentracije žive u kućnoj prašini ovim radom pokazuju da u kućnoj prašini mogu biti zastupljene različite koncentracije žive. Koncentracija žive u kućnoj prašini je veća od maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije u kućnoj prašini, na osnovu konsultovane literature (Rasmussen i sar., 2001), jer u Republici Srbiji ne postoji pravni akt kojim je MDK za Hg u kućnoj prašini regulisana. Sadržaj žive u kućnoj prašini je mnogo veći od okolnog zemljišta. U zemljištu okućnice zastupljena je živa. Rezultati ispitivanja koncentracije kućne prašine i upoređivanje sa koncentracijama žive u zemljištu okućnice pokazuju da nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između koncentracije žive u kućnoj prašini i dvorištu okućnice. Koncentracija žive u zemljištu nije veća od maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije u zemljištu. Ne postoji pozitivna korelacija između sadržaja žive u kućnoj prašiniu odnosu na prisustvo električnih uređaja, starosti objekta, načina zagrevanja objekta, materiala gradnje objekta i blizine industrijske zone. Predloženi ANN model može da se primeni za predviđanje sadržaja Hg u kućnoj prašini, kao i sadržaja Hg u zemljištu okućnica, za širok opseg vrednosti ulaza (vrsta grejanja, starost objekta, upotrebljen građevinski materijali, primena električnih uređaja u domaćinstvu, broj ložišta, broj stanara, kućnih ljubimaca i pušača). Na osnovu analiziranih rezultata i dostupne literature zaključuje se da je potrebna veća kontrola zagađivanja životne sredine prouzrokovana živom, kontrola zagađenja usled prisustva toksina i teških metala, sa ciljem značajnije redukcije emisije žive

The interactions of heavy metals and cement phases in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) pro-cess have been examined. The S/S method was applied to the waste sludge contaminated with heavy metals to determine the conditions under which the treated materials can be safely disposed of at land-fills for inert, non-hazardous, or hazardous waste. Sludge samples were mixed with soil and sand to simulate improper sludge disposal directly into the soil. S/S technology was selected using different cement fractions to treat these contaminated samples. The use of Portland cement or mixtures of dif-ferent types of cement for the treatment of sludge containing heavy metals is widespread. Samples of leached content were analyzed for the presence of the following metals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The study results lead to the conclusion that the sludge contaminated with heavy metals after the application of S/S with the addition of different cement fractions is transformed into non-hazardous, monolithic material.

Dimethachlor is an herbicide used for oilseed rape protection. Previous studies have demonstrated its high mobility in the soil, which could lead to water contamination. This research aimed to determine the occurrence of dimethachlor and its metabolites (dimethachlor ethanesulfonic acid ESA and dimethachlor oxalamic acid OA) in surface water using a recently developed analytical method. This article is one of the first to document dimethachlor and its metabolites' presence in surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Danube river and Tisza river. The quantitative determination of dimethachlor and its metabolites in the obtained extracts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography. Descriptive statistical methods, including correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analyses, were utilized to analyze method validation experimental results. In addition, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied as an optimization tool. The developed ANN model adequately predicted observed variables, suggesting the optimum results were obtained at a pH value 7, spike value 1, and injection volume equal to 0.5 mu L. The average concentrations in Danube River samples were 1.51 mu g/L for OA 0.01 mu g/L for ESA, and 0.63 mu g/L for DMC, while the average concentrations of chloroacetanilide herbicides detected in Tisza River samples were 1.43 mu g/L for OA, 0.08 mu g/L for ESA and 1.82 mu g/L for DMC.

The negative external effects caused by traffic growth have been recognized as the main factors that degrade city quality of life. Therefore, research around the world is being conducted to understand the impact of traffic better and find adequate measures to reduce the negative impact of traffic growth. The central part of this research consists of mathematical models for simulating the negative consequences of congestion and noise pollution. Four non-linear models for determining noise levels as a function of traffic flow parameters (intensity and structure) in the urban environment were developed. The non-linear models, including two artificial neural networks and two random forest models, were developed according to the experimental measurements in Novi Sad, Serbia, in 2019. These non-linear models showed high anticipation accuracy of the equivalent continuous sound level (Laeq), with R-2 values of 0.697, 0.703, 0.959 and 0.882, respectively. According to the developed ANN models, global sensitivity analysis was performed, according to which the number of buses at crossings was the most positively signed influential parameter in Laeq evaluation, while the lowest Laeq value was reached during nighttime. The locations occupied by frequent traffic such as Futoska and Temerinska positively influenced the Laeq value.

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) methods are applied in processes of the treatment of waste before to secure landfill disposal and the treatment of contaminated soil. In Serbia understanding of this method is limited. Republic of Serbia has 375 sites where land contamination is confirmed in laboratoty analysis. The most of identified sites are present in non-sanitary municipal landfills and uncontrolled dumps which require remediation. This paper analyzes possibilities of application of S/S methods in remediation of soil contaminated with copper (Cu). Cement based S/S method is applied to samples of contaminated materials. In some samples, additive, based on natural and synthetic zeolites, is added to cement. The level of Cu leached is indicator of the efficiency of S/S methods. The results show the conditions under which the S/S methods could be used for the most efficient immobilization of Cu in contaminated soil.

Integralno upravljanje otpadom predstavlja sistem upravljanja koji obuhvata sve tokove otpada u svim njihovim fazama od nastanka, preko sakupljanja, selekcije i reciklaže, tretmana do konačnog odlaganja. Osnova za donošenje odluka o izboru odgovarajućeg sistema koji će biti primenjen, se bazira na podacima o generisanom otpadu i sastavu tokova otpada na određenoj teritoriji. Nacionalna strategija upravljanja otpadom za period od 2010. do 2019. godine Republike Srbije, je kao jedan od problema, identifikovala nepostojanje preciznih podataka o količinama i sastavu komunalnog otpada koji se generiše na području Republike. U radu je prikazana važnost pouzdanosti podataka naročito u nacionalnim i regionalnim dokumentima, za proces donošenja odluka o upravljanju otpadom kroz primenu instrumenta analize životnog ciklusa (eng. LCA - Life Cycle Analysis), korišćenjem softverskog paketa IWM-2. Na bazi podataka iz različitih izvora, urađena je uporedna analiza vrednosti 3 indikatora: potencijal globalnog zagrevanja (eng. GWP - Global Warming Potencial), vrednosti troškova upravljanja otpadom i troškova po stanovniku, tj. troškova koje bi stanovnici plaćali za opcije odlaganja otpada na nesanitarnoj deponiji bez i sa primenom reciklaže od 30% otpada na primeru opštine Bor. Korišćenjem podataka dobijenih iz različitih nacionalnih izvora, vrednosti indikatora variraju i više do 300%. Na ovaj način, korišćenje podataka iz različitih nacionalnih izvora, može dovesti do pogrešnih odluka u izboru optimalne opcije odlaganja. ., Integrated Waste Management system includes all waste streams, waste collection, treatment and disposal methods, with the aim to achieve environmental benefits, economic optimization and societal acceptability. Appropriate waste management system that will be implemented is based on data on generated waste, waste composition for any specific municipality. The National Waste Management Strategy for Serbia identified the lack of data on composition and quantities of municipal waste generated in our country. This paper deals with analysis of data available in various national and regional reports for the municipality Bor. Comparative analysis of indicators: the global warming potential-GWP, total cost, as well as cost per capita for non-sanitary landfill waste management option with 30% recycling and without recycling for municipality Bor is based on the data from different sources. It is presented that indicators based on data from different sources can vary and up to 300%, which can produce wrong decisions in choosing optimal waste disposal option. .

Sector of tourism, as well as other sectors sensitive to climate changes, requires certain measures of mitigation and adaptation to those changes in order to minimise its consequences. This paper analyses two-way connection between tourism and climate changes, i.e. influence of the climate on tourism and vice versa, with special attention given to measures of mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation could be defined as process of generation of strategies for adequate dealing with consequences of climate changes, while mitigation of climate changes influences implies changes in social, technical and economy sector in order to reduce GHG emission. For the purpose of adequate implementation of climate changes adaptation and mitigation strategies in the sector of tourism, among other tasks it is necessary to introduce sustainable tourism, which represents branch of economy having minimum influence on environment and local culture, simultaneously supporting profitability, new working places and protection of local ecosystem.

Kontaminacija zemljišta nastaje kao rezultat ekscesnog ispuštanja opasnih materija i njihovog 'mešanja' sa supstancama koje su prirodno prisutne u zemljištu. Odlaganje otpada na neadekvatno opremljenim deponijama predstavlja potencijalnu pretnju po zagađenje životne sredine. Deponije otpada mogu da naruše kvalitet okolnog zemljišta, površinskih i podzemnih voda. Po podacima iz Izveštaja o stanju zemljišta u Republici Srbiji (2010), na području Srbije identifikovano je 375 kontaminiranih lokaliteta, među kojima najveći procenat čine deponije komunalnog otpada (1700 ha zauzetih odlaganjem otpada). Pomenute deponije su u većoj ili manjoj meri neuređene, i imajući u vidu njihove specifičnosti, do sada nisu sprovedena istraživanja u cilju procenjivanja njihovog uticaja na zagađenje okolnog zemljišta i podzemnih voda. U radu je predstavljen segment istraživanja izvršenih u okviru Doktorske disertacije: 'Razvoj metodologije za sanaciju zagađenih područja', kroz analizu mogućnosti imobilizacije arsena, kao zagađujuće materije, prisutnog u zemljištu na lokaciji odlagališta otpada, primenom metode stabilizacije/solidifikacije uz dodatak različitih matriksa: cementa i smeše cementa i imobilizacionog agensa na bazi prirodnih i sintetskih zeolita. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje nivoa izlučivanja arsena iz S/S uzoraka i s tim u vezi ispitivanje mogućnosti njihovog daljeg korišćenja u formi korisnih proizvoda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost različite primene dobijenih solidifikata (zavisno od udela cementa i cement/aditiva u efikasnoj imobilizaciji arsena) kroz bezbedno odlaganje na deponijama inertnog ili neopasnog otpada kao i kroz dalju upotrebu u građevinskoj industriji. Zavisno od potencijalne primene dobijenog solidifikata potrebno je izvršiti dodatna ispitivanja koja se odnose na kvalitet zahtevanih karakteristika., This paper analyzes the possibility of immobilization of arsenic, as pollutants present in soil at the landfill site by using the method of stabilization / solidification with cement and/or cement with aditives addition. The survey aims to study level of As immobilization by using leaching test from S/S samples and is in this connection to examine the possibilities of their safe disposal. The results indicate that the arsenic contaminated soil after treatment with S / S method with the use of cement as well as cement/additive mixture, as a matrix can be safely disposed of in landfills for inert and non hazardous waste. There are some possibilities for use such blocs as a construction material in the construction industry, but further investigation must o be carried out. The paper presents selected results from research activities developed in Doctoral dissertation: 'The development of the rehabilitation of polluted areas'. Main focus is in application of remediation technologies on soil contaminated by As, originated from waste disposal sites. Remediation is based on process of solidification, by using cement and cement/additives as a matrix (in the S/S).

Global climate changes and extreme events created a need for new approach to emergency management in agriculture. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ability of Serbian emergency management sector to mitigate those impacts. The methodology used is: analyze of documents, historical approach and comparative studies. These methodologies provide opportunity for discussion of numerous definitions of extreme events and current state of Serbian emergency management sector. The article presents an urgent need for implementation of current laws in full scope and adaptation of the agricultural sector to extreme events. This article is interesting to anyone aspiring to understand threats and opportunities due to extreme weather events in agriculture. Conclusion remarks contain a conceptual framework of agriculture adaptation and resilience in the extreme weather event and improvement activities in emergency management.

Danas je životna sredina pod uticajem različitih aktivnosti koje imaju negativne efekte na sve medijume životne sredine (zemljište, vodu, vazduh). Sa ciljem zaštite, unapređenja i očuvanja životne sredine, nameće se potreba stalnog formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja stanovništva o različitim segmentima zaštite životne sredine. U ovom radu dat je kratak prikaz zastupljenosti nastavnih predmeta koji u nazivu sadrže pojam rizik u životnoj sredini u nastavnim programima na pojedinim univerzitetima u Srbiji. Cilj rada je da ukaže na potrebu diskusije po pitanjima: Kolika je važnost edukacije o riziku u životnoj sredini i kolika je zastupljenost rizika u životnoj sredini u studijskim programima na univerzitetima koji obrazuju profile iz oblasti zaštite životne sredine? Rezultati realizovane analize ukazuju da, iako je potreba edukacije o riziku u životnoj sredini prepoznata, na fakultetima u Republici Srbiji koji obrazuju profile zaštite životne sredine, predmet pod nazivom rizik u životnoj sredini nije u dovoljno meri zastupljen. Opšte poznato pravilo glasi: Ako želite da se osigurate protiv neprijatelja morate prvo znati ko vam je neprijatelj. Ako znamo koji su rizici u životnoj sredini, moći ćemo da primenimo adekvatne mere kojima ćemo moći da zaštitimo kako nas, tako i životnu sredinu., The environment is currently under the influence of different kind of activities which have negative effect on each environmental medium (soil, water, air). All that imposes the need for continuous education and upbringing in order to protect improve and save the environment. In this paper there is the brief survey of the place of the environmental risk in Serbian university education. The subjects in university with environmental risk contents are mentioned. Since environmental risk is not as common as special subject in educational courses, there is the review of the university subjects in which the environmental risk contents are studied. The subjects in university education with environmental risk contents are reviewed according to specific educational profiles. The purpose of our paper is to start the debate over questions: How much is important environmental risk education and how much is environmental risk represented on the universities that educate environmental protection profile? It is well known rule: If you want to secure yourself against the enemy, you have to first know who your enemy is. If we know environmental risks we will apply appropriate measure to protect ourselves and environment, as well as society in which we exist.

Background: The aim of the study was a recommendation and establishment the concept of the appropriate communication between public health, other competent services and population in emergency as the corner stone which guarantee that all goals which are important for community life will be achieved. Methods: We used methodology appropriate for social science: analyses of documents, historical approach and comparative analysis. Results: The finding shows the urgent need for accepting of crises and emergency risk communication principles, or some similar concepts, in Serbia, and implementing effective two way communication especially in multiethnic region. The pragmatic value of the paper lays in information about the recent improvement of health workforce and emergency services in emergencies using new concept of communication and as source of numerous useful documents published in USA and few recent Serbian examples. Conclusion: Health workforce has significant role in the process of protection of population in emergencies. Policy makers should work on finding a way to improve their coordination and communication, creating new academic programs, providing of adequate training, and financial means in order to give them different role in society and provide visibility. From other side health workforce should build back to the citizen trust in what they are doing for society welfare using all their skills and abilities.