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Parodontitis je najučestalije oralno inflamatorno oboljenje koje prema skorašnjim istraživanjima pogađa do 50% svetske populacije i nastaje složenim interakcijama koje se odigravaju između periopatogenih mikroorganizama dentalnog plaka i imunološkog odgovora domaćina. Veoma visoka prevalenca parodontitisa ukazuje na veliki socioekonomski značaj pravovremene dijagnostike i individualnog pristupa u tretiranja ovog oboljenja. Mikrobiološka etiologija parodontitisa, dovela je do upotrebe različitih antimikrobnih agenasa, kao adjuvantne terapije konzervativnom lečenju. Rastvori hlorheksidin-diglukonata različitih koncentracija se koriste godinama unazad i do danas se smatraju zlatnim standardom u kategoriji najefikasnijih antiplak i antiseptičnih sredstava. Savremeno shvatanje patogeneze parodontitisa, zasniva se i na shvatanju uloge koju imaju slobodni radikali u sklopu oksidativnog stresa u čitavom procesu nastanka i progresije ove bolesti. Takođe, povezanost inflamatornog procesa u parodoncijumu sa nivoom parametara oksidativnog stresa i antioksidanasa u salivi, svakodnevno okupira sve veću pažnju istraživača. Hipoteza ove doktorske disertacije jeste da će lokalna primena 0,12% rastvora hlorheksidin-diglukonata kao adjuvantne terapije konzervativnom lečenju sistemski zdravih osoba obolelih od parodontitisa, na kontrolnim merenjima nakon dva meseca, efikasnije delovati na status kliničkih parametara, zatim umanjiti salivarne markere koji su pokazatelji oksidativnog stresa, a aktivnosti antioksidativnih markera pojačati, umanjiti nivoe salivarnih inflamatornih enzima kao i kvantitativno i kvalitativno poboljšati mikrobiološki sastav subgingivalnog dentalnog plaka, u poređenju sa samo konzervativnim tretmanom. U skladu sa postavljenom hipotezom, osnovni ciljevi ove disertacije su evaluacija uticaja dva različita konzervativna terapijska protokola na mikrobiološki sastav subgingivalnog dentalnog plaka, kliničke parametre, biohemijske pokazatelje inflamacije i parametre re, Periodontitis represents one of the most common oral inflammatory diseases, and according to recent investigations, approximately 50% of the world population has been affected. Periodontitis occurs when pathogen microorganisms of dental plaque and the immune response of the host interreact. The high prevalence of periodontitis suggests its great social and economical significance, and it is of absolute importance an adequate periodontitis diagnosis and individual therapy. Compound periodontitis microbiological etiology requires the use of various antimicrobial agents, as well as additional conservative therapy. Various concentrations of chlorhexidine-digluconate solutions have been used for decades, and are considered as gold standard due to its well established local antiplaque and antiseptic efficiency. Modern understanding of periodontitis pathology implements the understanding of free radicals participation and oxidative stress within periodontitis occurrence and progression. Further, the link between inflammatory processes in the periodontium and oxidative and antioxidative parameters in saliva has been the focus of interest. The hypothesis of this doctoral dissertation is that adjunctive use of 0.12% chlorhexidine-digluconate as additional conservative therapy for periodontitis in systematic healthy patients, on controls two months after, would be more effective on clinical parameters, decrease qualitative and quantitative of periopathogens from subgingival plaque, decrease oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory enzymes, and increase antioxidative biomarkers in saliva, in comparison to individual under conservative treatment only. Following the hypothesis, the main objectives of this dissertation are to investigate the influence of two different presented conservative therapy protocols on clinical parameters, microbiological status of subgingival plaque, biochemical inflammatory markers, and redox status parameters in saliva. The present study results sh

Prognoza podrazumeva predviđanje toka, trajanja i ishoda bolesti na osnovu poznavanja patogeneze oboljenja i prisutnih faktora rizika za dato oboljenje. Donosi se nakon postavljene dijagnoze, a pre izrade plana terapije, na osvnovu prikupljenih dijagnostičkih podataka, ali i iskustva lekara vezana za različite ishode lečenja. Utvrđivanje prognoze kod osoba obolelih od parodontopatije donosi se na osnovu utvrđivanja prognoze za ceo zubik i na osnovu utvrđivanja prognoze za pojedinačne zube. Ova dva postupka su u tesnoj vezi i obuhvataju detaljne analize različitih faktora. Uvrđivanje prognoze za sve prisutne zube podrazumeva razmatranje sledećih lokalnih i sistemskih faktora: vrsta parodontopatije, obim razaranja parodoncijuma, saradnja obolele osobe u održavanju dobre oralne higijene, starosna dob pacijenta, sistemska oboljenja, okluzalni odnosi i položaj zuba, loše navike i zanimanje obolelih. Uvrđivanje prognoze za pojedinačne zube obuhvata analizu: stanja parodoncijuma, vrste i toka oboljenja, količine izgubljene kosti, tipa destrukcije kosti, vrste parodontalnih džepova, nivoa pripojnog epitela, zahvaćenosti furkacija, morfologije i funkcije.

Neka od tipičnih kožnih oboljenja kao što su Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid mucosae oris, Epidermolysis bullosa, Lichen planus, Erythema exudativum multiforme, Dermatitis perioralis, Dermatitis herpetiformis-Duhring, Dermatitis linearis IgA, Lupus erythematodes i Sclerodremia, lokalizuju se i u usnoj duplji. Ovo su uglavnom autoimunska oboljenja ili je reakcija posledica upotrebe određenih lekova i aditiva, infekcija, preosetljivosti na gluten, upotrebe amalgama i zlata kao stomatološkog materijala, kao i nedostatka oralne higijene. Promene u usnoj duplji mogu se javljati ređe ili češće, u zavisnosti od pola i uzrasta osobe, statusa domaćina i spoljašnih faktora. Promene se javljaju u vidu lezija, bula, vezikula, erozija, ulceracija, papula i papulopustula, najčešće na nepcu, jeziku, bukalnoj sluzokoži ili gingivi, ređe na podu usne duplje. Komplikacije mogu nastati najčešće usled neblagovremenog lečenja ili nelečenja. U pojedinim slučajevima bolest može da zahvati i druge organe (oči, nos, genitalije, zglobove, bubrege, centralni nervni sistem i sl.), ili dolazi do sekundarnih bakterijskih, gljivičnih i virusnih infekcija ili bolest može da maligno alterira, odnosno može doći i do smrtnog ishoda. Pravovremeno postavljanje dijagnoze i početak lečenja ovih bolesti direktno utiču na njihov tok i krajnji ishod. Dijagnoza se postavlja uglavnom na osnovu kliničke slike ali se koriste i druge metode i analize (serološka, citološka, imunohistohemijska, biopsija i sl.) u cilju bržeg prepoznavanja vrste promene i primene odgovarajuće sistemske ili lokalne terapije.

Bacground/Aim. Preterm birth is defined as a delivery prior to the completed 37th week of gestation. Literature data suggested that periodontal processes may influence to the feto-placental unit and induce preterm delivery. The degree of the periodontal disease is influenced by secretor status. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in periodontitis as well as in delivery. The combined influence of these factors on the risk of preterm birth has not been explored. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between periodontal diseases, secretor status, and interleukin-1-β (IL1-ß) and prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) levels in women delivered preterm. Methods. The study included 56 preterm delivery women and 56 women delivered at term as a control group, aged between 17 and 41 years. Periodontal examination, blood and saliva sampling were performed within 48 hours following delivery. Secretor phenotype was determined by hemagglutination inhibition method. The concentrations of IL1-ß and PGE2 were measured by high sensitivity Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results. In the pre-term birth group there were 66.1% of women with periodontitis, while in the control one there were 12.5% (p < 0.01). Concentrations of IL1-ß and PGE2 in plasma were significantly higher in the non-secretor group of women who gave birth pre-term and had periodontitis comparing to other groups. There was a significant correlation between salivary and plasma levels of PGE2 and IL1-ß in the preterm birth group (R = 0.416, p = 0.017 and R = -0.592, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no such correlations in women who delivered at term. Conclusion. Our results support the hypothesis that non-secretor phenotype and periodontitis are at least in part responsible for pathogenesis of preterm birth. This probability of negative impact of non-secretor status cannot be ignored. These findings support the need for additional research into the biology of human parturition. © 2020 Inst. Sci. i, Uvod/Cilj. Prevremeni porođaj se definiše kao porođaj pre navršene 37 nedelje gestacije. Podaci iz literature govore u prilog tome da periodontalni procesi mogu uticati na fetoplacentalnu jedinicu i indukovati preterminski porođaj. Sekretorni status može uticati na stepen periodontalne bolesti. Proinflamatorni citokini imaju uticaj na periodontitis kao i na porođaj. Kombinovani uticaj ovih faktora rizika za prevremeni porođaj nije dovoljno istražen. Cilj ove studije je bio da istraži povezanost između periodontalne bolesti, sekretornog statusa, nivoa interleukina 1-b (IL1-b) i prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) kod žena koje su imale prevremeni porođaj. Metode. Studijom je bilo obuhvaćeno 56 žena, koje su imale prevremen porođaj i 56 žena u kontrolnoj grupi koje su se porodile u terminu, starosti između 17 i 41 godine. Periodontalni pregled, uzorkovanje krvi i salive je izvršeno u prvih 48 sati po porođaju. Sekretorni status je određen metodom inhibicije hemaglutinacije. Koncentracije IL1-b i PGE2 su merene visoko senzitivnim Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) testom. Rezultati. U grupi prevremenih porođaja bilo je 66,1% žena sa periodontitisom, a u kontrolnoj grupi 12,5% (p < 0.01). Prevremeno porođene žena, nesekretori sa periodontitisom imale su u plazmi značajno više vrednosti IL 1-b i PGE 2 u odnosu na ostale grupe (p < 0,01). U grupi prevremeno porođenih žena postojala je značajna korelacija između salivarnih i plazmatskih koncentracija PGE2 i IL1-b (R = 0.416, p = 0.017 i R = -0,592, p < 0,001, redom). Ove korelacije nisu postojale kod žena koje su imale terminski porođaj. Zaključak. Naši rezultati podržavaju hipotezu da su sekretorni status i periodontitis, bar delimično, odgovorni za patogenezu preterminskog porođaja. Verovatnoća negativnog uticaja nesekretornog statusa se ne sme ignorisati. Ovi zaključci ukazuju na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjima porođaja.

Background/Aim. Knowledge of numerous variations in anatomical features of furcation area is a prerequisite for the achievement of more predictable results in the therapy of multi-rooted teeth with furcation involvement (FI). The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of extracted molars of adult population in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods. In total, 468 extracted first and second molars, both mandibular and maxillary, were measured. The values of root trunk lengths and root lengths, diameter of furcation entrances (FE), distance between the roots and depth of root concavity were analysed. Results. The maxillary first molars had significantly higher root trunk lengths values than the second molars. As for the mandibular molars, FE was smaller than 1 mm. The distance between the roots was more than 2 mm at the third level of measurement. Conclusion. The buccal FE of maxillary molars was the lowest. The root concavity of the second mandibular molars was higher from the lingual aspect., Uvod/Cilj. Poznavanje mnogobrojnih varijacija anatomskih karakteristika furkacija (furkacionih regija) je preduslov za postizanje predvidivih rezultata terapije furkacionih defekata višekorenih zuba. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio procena morfološke karakteristike izvađenih zuba adultne populacije u Beogradu. Metode. Merenja su vršena na ukupno 468 izvađenih prvih i drugih molara i gornje i donje vilice. Analizirane su izmerene vrednosti dužine korenskog stabla i dužine korenova, prečnik ulaza u furkaciju, odstojanje između korenova i dubina korenskog konkaviteta. Rezultati. Prvi gornji molari su imali signifikantno veće vrednosti dužine korenskog stabla od drugih gornjih molara. Kod donjih molara, prečnik ulaska u furkaciju bio je manji od 1 mm. Na trećem nivou merenja, odstojanje između korenova imalo je vrednost veću od 2 mm. Zaključak. Prečnik ulaska u furkaciju sa bukalne strane gornjih molara bio je najmanji. Dubina korenskog konkaviteta drugih donjih molara bila je veća sa lingvalne strane.

Humoral immunity as a part of an adaptive immune response is primary represented by B lymphocytes which differentiate into plasma cells, able to secrete antibodies, which are basic efector mechanism of humoral immunity. Alterations in antibody production has been observed in patients with different immune-inflammatory conditions including recurrent oral ulcerations (ROU), gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recurrent oral ulcerations represents an inflammatory disease characterized by appearance of repeated episodes of solitary or multiple painfully ulcerations of oral mucosa, affecting about 20% of the general population. Precise etiology of recurrent oral ulcerations is still unknown but it is proven that numerous etiological factors like heritage, stress, trauma, hypersensitivity to the food components, nutritional deficiency and hormonal imbalance, have important role in their occurrence. Gluten sensitive enteropathy or celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. GSE can be presented with classical gastrointestinal symptoms but also as an atypical, silent and latent form with a wide spectrum of non-gastrointestinal symptoms. In recent years, antibodies against native gliadin (GL), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP) and deaminated gliadin analogous fragments (GAF) play a key role in early diagnosis. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases with primary intestinal involvement. IBD patients may exhibit a wide range of non-intestinal signs and symptoms, among which ROU is classified as well. Serologic markers for UC and CD are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) respectively. Modifications in oral tolerance, mucosal immunity and in epith, Humoralni imunitet predstavlja deo adaptivnog imunskog odgovora i sačinjavaju ga prevashodno B limfociti, čijom aktivacijom nastaju plazmociti, sposobni da produkuju antitela koja ujedno predstavljaju osnovni efektorski mehanizam humoralnog imuniteta. Poremećaj u produkciji antitela uočen je kod pacijenata sa različitim imuno-inflamatornim stanjima, u koja se svrstavaju i rekurentne oralne ulceracije (ROU), gluten senzitivna enteropatija (GSE) i inflamatorne bolesti creva (IBC). Rekurentne oralne ulceracije predstavljaju inflamantorno oboljenje koje se karakteriše pojavom ponavljanih epizoda solitarnih ili multiplih, bolnih ulceracija oralne sluzokože. One se javljaju u oko 20% opšte populacije. Precizna etiologija rekurentnih oralnih ulceracija je i dalje nepoznata, ali je dokazano da brojni etiološki faktori u koje se svrstavaju nasleđe, stres, trauma, preosetljivost na komponente hrane, nutritivni deficit i hormonski disbalans imaju značajnu ulogu u njihovom nastanku. Gluten senzitivna enteropatija ili celijačna bolest (CD) je imuno-posredovano oboljenje koje se javlja kod genetski predisponiranih osoba, izazvano unosom glutena, proteina koji se nalazi u mnogim žitaricama. Klinički se ispoljava klasičnim gastrointestinalnim simptomima, ali se može javiti i kao atipična, pritajena ili latentna forma kada je postavljanje dijagnoze GSE značajno otežano. Poslednjih godina, značajnu ulogu u dijagnostici imaju i antitela specifična za GSE kao što su antitela na nativni glijadin (GL), antitela specifična za tkivnu transglutaminazu (tTG), antitela specifična za deaminirane glijadinske peptide (DGP) i antitela specifična za fuzione peptide, glijadinske analoge (GAF-3X). Inflamatorne bolesti creva su imunski-posredovana, hronična, recidivirajuća oboljenja predstavljena kroz dve osnovne kliničke forme: Kronovu bolest (KB) i ulcerozni kolitis (UK). Pacijenti oboleli od IBC mogu imati širok spektar vancrevnih simptoma među koje se svrstavaju i oralne ulceracije. Kao pomoćni m

Humoralni imunitet predstavlja deo adaptivnog imunskog odgovora i sačinjavaju ga prevashodno B limfociti, čijom aktivacijom nastaju plazmociti, sposobni da produkuju antitela koja ujedno predstavljaju osnovni efektorski mehanizam humoralnog imuniteta. Poremećaj u produkciji antitela uočen je kod pacijenata sa različitim imuno-inflamatornim stanjima, u koja se svrstavaju i rekurentne oralne ulceracije (ROU), gluten senzitivna enteropatija (GSE) i inflamatorne bolesti creva (IBC). Rekurentne oralne ulceracije predstavljaju inflamantorno oboljenje koje se karakteriše pojavom ponavljanih epizoda solitarnih ili multiplih, bolnih ulceracija oralne sluzokože. One se javljaju u oko 20% opšte populacije. Precizna etiologija rekurentnih oralnih ulceracija je i dalje nepoznata, ali je dokazano da brojni etiološki faktori u koje se svrstavaju nasleđe, stres, trauma, preosetljivost na komponente hrane, nutritivni deficit i hormonski disbalans imaju značajnu ulogu u njihovom nastanku. Gluten senzitivna enteropatija ili celijačna bolest (CD) je imuno-posredovano oboljenje koje se javlja kod genetski predisponiranih osoba, izazvano unosom glutena, proteina koji se nalazi u mnogim žitaricama. Klinički se ispoljava klasičnim gastrointestinalnim simptomima, ali se može javiti i kao atipična, pritajena ili latentna forma kada je postavljanje dijagnoze GSE značajno otežano. Poslednjih godina, značajnu ulogu u dijagnostici imaju i antitela specifična za GSE kao što su antitela na nativni glijadin (GL), antitela specifična za tkivnu transglutaminazu (tTG), antitela specifična za deaminirane glijadinske peptide (DGP) i antitela specifična za fuzione peptide, glijadinske analoge (GAF-3X). Inflamatorne bolesti creva su imunski-posredovana, hronična, recidivirajuća oboljenja predstavljena kroz dve osnovne kliničke forme: Kronovu bolest (KB) i ulcerozni kolitis (UK). Pacijenti oboleli od IBC mogu imati širok spektar vancrevnih simptoma među koje se svrstavaju i oralne ulceracije. Kao pomoćni m, Humoral immunity as a part of an adaptive immune response is primary represented by B lymphocytes which differentiate into plasma cells, able to secrete antibodies, which are basic efector mechanism of humoral immunity. Alterations in antibody production has been observed in patients with different immune-inflammatory conditions including recurrent oral ulcerations (ROU), gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recurrent oral ulcerations represents an inflammatory disease characterized by appearance of repeated episodes of solitary or multiple painfully ulcerations of oral mucosa, affecting about 20% of the general population. Precise etiology of recurrent oral ulcerations is still unknown but it is proven that numerous etiological factors like heritage, stress, trauma, hypersensitivity to the food components, nutritional deficiency and hormonal imbalance, have important role in their occurrence. Gluten sensitive enteropathy or celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. GSE can be presented with classical gastrointestinal symptoms but also as an atypical, silent and latent form with a wide spectrum of non-gastrointestinal symptoms. In recent years, antibodies against native gliadin (GL), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP) and deaminated gliadin analogous fragments (GAF) play a key role in early diagnosis. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases with primary intestinal involvement. IBD patients may exhibit a wide range of non-intestinal signs and symptoms, among which ROU is classified as well. Serologic markers for UC and CD are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) respectively. Modifications in oral tolerance, mucosal immunity and in epith

Background: Good glycoregulation at patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for prevention of many complications, including those in oral cavity. Results of numerous studies indicate that xerostomia and neurosensory oral disorders are present in type 2 diabetics. A review of the literature shows contradictory results about prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of xerostomia, neurosensory disorders and mucosal lesions in oral cavity of type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study involved 90 adults, 60 with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects, aged 45-65 years. With regard to value of HbA1c level diabetics were divided into two groups: 30 subjects with satisfactory glycoregulation (HbA1c lt 9%) and 30 subjects with poor glycoregulation (HbA1c≥9%). All patients recruited into the study completed a questionnaire that included their demographic, medical and oral health data. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed by a single examiner. Results: In relation to the presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia between satisfactory controlled diabetics and healthy subjects a significant difference was observed (p lt 0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, poor controlled diabetics had significantly higher presence of xerostomia (p lt 0.001) and neurosensory disorders (p lt 0.05). A higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found in poor controlled diabetics, but significant difference between groups was not observed (p>0.05). A significant positive correlation was revealed between smoking and glossodynia as well as smoking and glossopyrosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemic control level seems to influence the susceptibility of type 2 diabetics to xerostomia and neurosensory disorders. Less clear is whether diabetes are correlated to oral mucosal lesions.

BACKGROUND: Dentists have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal (MS) pain, which is the most common symptom associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). To overcome this problem, identification of the risk factors and preventive measures for MS pain are of paramount importance to dentists in order to improve their quality of life and work. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to recognize the risk factors for MS pain and their impact on dental work, as well as to identify preventive measures of MS pain among dentists. METHODS: Self-reporting questionnaire consisting of 78 questions was exclusively developed for the study and sent to 500 working active dentists in Serbia. RESULTS: Response rate was 71.2% (356 dentists). The prevalence of MS pain was 82.6% among dentists. The main risk factors for MS pain were advanced age, female dentists, presence of chronic diseases, long working hours, and high frequency of treated patients. The most effective preventive measures in preventing MS pain were massage treatments and physical activities. Followed by use of ergonomically designed equipment, correct and dynamic working positions, and an adequate workflow organization. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for MS pain and their impact on dental work should widely be disseminated among dentists. Importantly, proper implementation in everyday life of adequate preventive measures is essential for preventing MS pain and development of WMSDs.

Gingivalna tečnost (GT) je tečnost koja se nalazi u fiziološkom (gingivalni sulkus) ili u patološkom prostoru između desni i zuba (gingivalni xep ili parodontalni xep). Ona može da bude transudat seruma ili inflamatorni eksudat. Elementi GT potiču iz seruma, epitela i vezivnog tkiva gingive, kao i iz inflamatornih ćelija i bakterija koje se nalaze u tom prostoru i okolnim tkivima. Prikupljanje i analiza GT je neinvazivna metoda procene odgovora osobe obolele od parodontopatije. Ove analize se uglavnom odnose na pokazatelje zapaljenja, kao što su prostaglandin E2, elastaza neutrofila i beta-glukuronidaza, ili na pokazatelj nekroze ćelija, aspartat- aminotransferazu. Osim toga, analiza pokazatelja zapaljenja u GT mogla bi da pomogne u razjašnjenju načina na koji neke sistemske bolesti (npr. diabetes mellitus) menjaju kliničku sliku parodontopatije s jedne strane, i kako zapaljenje parodoncijuma, tj. parodontopatija, može da utiče na razvoj nekih sistemskih bolesti (kardiovaskularnih, cerebrovaskularnih) sa druge. Važni činioci koji utiču na rezultate analiza GT su ne samo metode tih analiza, već i metode prikupljanja GT. Praktični razlozi upućuju i na analizu nekih sastojaka u pljuvački koji potiču od GT zbog njenog jednostavnijeg sakupljanja.

Background. It is considered that over 450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder; studies conducted in other countries have shown that schizophrenia is among the most frequent. Oral health has a significant place in the general human health and should not be separated from mental health. Studies conducted in other countries have shown an increased prevalence of oral diseases in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, in particular to determine the prevalence of dental caries, diseases of periodontium and soft tissue examination and to concider possible risk factors that contribute to the existing problems with the oral health in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods. The study included 190 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia treated at the Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic" Belgrade (study group) and 190 healthy subjects, patients of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade (control group). All data were obtained by thorough dental examination of participants, using cetrain indices for assessing oral health (DMF index, CPITN index, and OHI-S index). In addition, by anamnesis and clinical examination have been detected signs and symptoms of diseases of the oral soft tissues were detected. Specially designed questionnaire (by the type of standardized interview) provided data on the use of dental health services, exerting of eating habits and bad habits to oral health, as well as the habits of oral hygiene. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the participants, as well as data on psychiatric disorders (for the study group) were obtained from medical records (medical history) . Primary obtained data entered the program SPSS 17.0 and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, methods for testing hypotheses and application regression mo, Osnov problema. Smatra se da preko 450 miliona ljudi širom sveta pati od nekog oblika mentalnog poremećaja, a istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su da je shizofrenija meĎu najzastupljenijima. Oralno zdravlje zauzima značajno mesto u celokupnom zdravlju čoveka i ne treba ga razdvajati od mentalnog zdravlja. Istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su povećanu zastupljenost oralnih bolesti kod pacijenata sa shizofrenijom. Cilj ove studije bio je da proceni stanje oralnog zdravlja hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, konkretno da odredi prevalenciju karijesa, oboljenja potpornog aparata zuba i mekih tkiva usne duplje i ispita moguće faktore rizika koji doprinose postojećim problemima sa oralnim zdravljem hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom. Pacijenti i metod. U istraţivanju je učestvovalo 190 hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, lečenih na Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti „Dr Laza Lazarević“ Beograd (studijska grupa) i 190 zdravih ispitanika, pacijenata Klinike za parodontologiju i oralnu medicinu Stomatološkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu (kontrolna grupa). Svi podaci su dobijeni pomoću sistematskog stomatološkog pregleda ispitanika, kojim su odreĎeni indeksi za procenu oralnog zdravlja (KEP indeks, CPITN indeks i OHI-S indeks). Pored toga, anamnezom i kliničkim pregledom registrovano je prisustvo simptoma i znakova oboljenja mekih tkiva usne duplje. Posebno dizajniranim upitnikom (po tipu standardizovanog intervjua) dobijeni su podaci o korišćenju usluga stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite, upraţnjavanju navika u ishrani i loših navika prema oralnom zdravlju, kao i o navikama u odrţavanju oralne higijene. Socio-ekonomska i demografska obeleţja ispitanika, kao i podaci o psihijatrijskoj bolesti (u studijskoj grupi) dobijeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije (istorije bolesti). Primarno dobijeni podaci uneti su u program SPSS 17.0 i analizirani deskriptivnim statističkim metodama, metodama za testiranje hipoteza i primenom regresio

Uvod: Parodontopatija je hronično inflamatorno oboljenje potpornog aparata koje dovodi do njegove destrukcije a za krajnji ishod može imati i gubitak zuba. Ako u obzir uzmemo rasprostranjenost ovog oboljenja, koja po nekim istraživanjima iznosi više od 90% odrasle populacije, onda vidimo i socioekonomski značaj njegovog lečenja i saniranja posledica. Kada dođe do klinički vidljivog inflamatornog procesa u parodoncijumu to obično predstavlja stanje koje je u većoj ili manjoj meri ireverzibilano. U parodontologiji je zato i dalje otvorena ideja o uvođenju biohemijskih analiza koje bi dijagnostikovale postojanje inflamatornog procesa u parodoncijumu pre nego što je moguće da se on uoči na kliničkom nivou. Sledstveno tome praćenje biohemijskih pokazatelja stanja parodoncijuma moglo bi imati ulogu u poređenju rezultata različitih metoda lečenja parodontopatije. Savremeno shvatanje nastanka mnogih oboljenja, uključujući i inflamatorna, bazira se pored ostalog i na štetnom dejstvu tzv. slobodnih radikala. Oksidativno oštećenje ćelijske membrane nastaje kao posledica peroksidacije polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PNMK) i dovodi do stvaranja malondialdehida (MDA) kao krajnjeg produkta. Merenje koncentracije MDA najčešće se koristi kao pokazatelj intenziteta oksidacije PNMK tj. jačine oksidativnog stresa uopšte. Indikatorom oksidativnog oštećenja DNK smatra se 8-hidroksi2-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) . Protiv slobodnih radikala organizam se bori posebnim mehanizmima koji su uključeni u antioksidativnu zaštitu organizma. Antioksidativna zaštita obuhvata sve organske i neorganske molekule koji mogu da neutrališu slobodne radikale.. Mnogim istraživanjima je pokazano da je koncentracija antioksidanasa, odnosno aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima manja što je nivo oksidativnog stresa veći i obrnuto. Pljuvačka je telesna tečnost koja se lako može prikupiti. Ona, pored ostalog, sadrži i lokalne i sistemske pokazatelje inflamatornih procesa u parodoncijumu. Dokazivanje povezanosti nivoa oks, Background: Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent oral inflammatory disease. It appears as a result of imbalance between bacterial colonization of the oral environment and host immune defense. As part of the body's immune response inflammatory mediators are released allowing chemotaxis of immune cells in place of inflammation. In defense of oral tissues from pathogenic microorganisms "first line" are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Interaction of leukocytes and bacteria trigger the biochemical and physiological processes that cause the host to neutralize pathogens, but also possible damage to local tissues. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by pathogens are characterized by increased consumption of oxygen (respiratory burst) i.e. increasing the production of free radicals (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, etc.). Released radicals, by oxidative mechanism distort the structure of bacterial cell membrane and thus „kill“ bacteria. However, during the defense reaction, especially under conditions of overproduction of radicals can lead to oxidative modification of various host biomolecules and damage oral tissue cells, as some kind of „collateral damage". Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process in which free radicals "steal" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in cell damage. Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury, and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds. These include reactive aldehydes, of which the most abundant is malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, measurement of malondialdehyde is widely used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. In addition, end-products of lipid peroxidation may be mutagenic and carcinogenic. For instance, the end-product malondialdehyde reacts with deoxyadenosine anddeoxyguano

Osnov problema. Smatra se da preko 450 miliona ljudi širom sveta pati od nekog oblika mentalnog poremećaja, a istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su da je shizofrenija meĎu najzastupljenijima. Oralno zdravlje zauzima značajno mesto u celokupnom zdravlju čoveka i ne treba ga razdvajati od mentalnog zdravlja. Istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su povećanu zastupljenost oralnih bolesti kod pacijenata sa shizofrenijom. Cilj ove studije bio je da proceni stanje oralnog zdravlja hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, konkretno da odredi prevalenciju karijesa, oboljenja potpornog aparata zuba i mekih tkiva usne duplje i ispita moguće faktore rizika koji doprinose postojećim problemima sa oralnim zdravljem hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom. Pacijenti i metod. U istraţivanju je učestvovalo 190 hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, lečenih na Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti „Dr Laza Lazarević“ Beograd (studijska grupa) i 190 zdravih ispitanika, pacijenata Klinike za parodontologiju i oralnu medicinu Stomatološkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu (kontrolna grupa). Svi podaci su dobijeni pomoću sistematskog stomatološkog pregleda ispitanika, kojim su odreĎeni indeksi za procenu oralnog zdravlja (KEP indeks, CPITN indeks i OHI-S indeks). Pored toga, anamnezom i kliničkim pregledom registrovano je prisustvo simptoma i znakova oboljenja mekih tkiva usne duplje. Posebno dizajniranim upitnikom (po tipu standardizovanog intervjua) dobijeni su podaci o korišćenju usluga stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite, upraţnjavanju navika u ishrani i loših navika prema oralnom zdravlju, kao i o navikama u odrţavanju oralne higijene. Socio-ekonomska i demografska obeleţja ispitanika, kao i podaci o psihijatrijskoj bolesti (u studijskoj grupi) dobijeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije (istorije bolesti). Primarno dobijeni podaci uneti su u program SPSS 17.0 i analizirani deskriptivnim statističkim metodama, metodama za testiranje hipoteza i primenom regresio, Background. It is considered that over 450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder; studies conducted in other countries have shown that schizophrenia is among the most frequent. Oral health has a significant place in the general human health and should not be separated from mental health. Studies conducted in other countries have shown an increased prevalence of oral diseases in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, in particular to determine the prevalence of dental caries, diseases of periodontium and soft tissue examination and to concider possible risk factors that contribute to the existing problems with the oral health in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods. The study included 190 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia treated at the Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic" Belgrade (study group) and 190 healthy subjects, patients of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade (control group). All data were obtained by thorough dental examination of participants, using cetrain indices for assessing oral health (DMF index, CPITN index, and OHI-S index). In addition, by anamnesis and clinical examination have been detected signs and symptoms of diseases of the oral soft tissues were detected. Specially designed questionnaire (by the type of standardized interview) provided data on the use of dental health services, exerting of eating habits and bad habits to oral health, as well as the habits of oral hygiene. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the participants, as well as data on psychiatric disorders (for the study group) were obtained from medical records (medical history) . Primary obtained data entered the program SPSS 17.0 and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, methods for testing hypotheses and application regression mo

Background: Periodontitis is considered to be a risk factor for preterm birth. Mechanisms have been proposed for this pathologic relation, but the exact pathologic pattern remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate levels of four major labor triggers, prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples between women with preterm birth (PTB) and full-term birth (FTB) and correlate them with periodontal parameters. Methods: PGE(2), IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in GCF and serum samples collected 24 to 48 hours after labor from 120 women (60 FTB, 60 PTB). Results: Women with PTB exhibited significantly more periodontitis, worse periodontal parameters, and increased GCF levels of IL-6 and PGE(2) compared with the FTB group; there were no significant differences in serum levels of measured markers. GCF levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and PGE(2) and serum levels of TNF-alpha and PGE(2) were significantly higher in women with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy women. Serum levels of PGE(2) were positively correlated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) as well as with GCF levels of TNF-alpha in women with PTB. Conclusions: Women with PTB demonstrated worse periodontal parameters and significantly increased GCF levels of IL-6 and PGE(2) compared with those with FTB. Based on significant correlations among serum PGE(2) and PD, CAL, and GCF TNF-alpha in PTB, periodontitis may cause an overall increase of labor triggers and hence contribute to preterm labor onset.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of different chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) preparations applied subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP).Material and methods: A total of 120 periodontal pockets was included in this randomized, controlled, split mouth designed study. According to protocols used in treatment, periodontal pockets were assigned to experimental and control groups as follows: CHX solution as an addition to SRP versus control SRP group; CHX gel as an addition to SRP versus control SRP; CHX chip as an addition to SRP versus control SRP group. Following clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, one and three months after the baseline: plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: The most significant improvements were found concerning PI in CHX solution with SRP and CHX gel with SRP groups over controls at one month recall, as well as concerning BI and PPD in CHX chip with SRP group over SRP alone at three-month recall.Conclusion: Results of this study favour combination therapy using CHX chip as an adjunct to SRP due to greater improvements in BI and PPD compared to those obtained by SRP alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent oral inflammatory disease. It appears as a result of imbalance between bacterial colonization of the oral environment and host immune defense. As part of the body's immune response inflammatory mediators are released allowing chemotaxis of immune cells in place of inflammation. In defense of oral tissues from pathogenic microorganisms "first line" are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Interaction of leukocytes and bacteria trigger the biochemical and physiological processes that cause the host to neutralize pathogens, but also possible damage to local tissues. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by pathogens are characterized by increased consumption of oxygen (respiratory burst) i.e. increasing the production of free radicals (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, etc.). Released radicals, by oxidative mechanism distort the structure of bacterial cell membrane and thus „kill“ bacteria. However, during the defense reaction, especially under conditions of overproduction of radicals can lead to oxidative modification of various host biomolecules and damage oral tissue cells, as some kind of „collateral damage". Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process in which free radicals "steal" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in cell damage. Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury, and is used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Lipid peroxides, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are unstable and decompose to form a complex series of compounds. These include reactive aldehydes, of which the most abundant is malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, measurement of malondialdehyde is widely used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. In addition, end-products of lipid peroxidation may be mutagenic and carcinogenic. For instance, the end-product malondialdehyde reacts with deoxyadenosine anddeoxyguano, Uvod: Parodontopatija je hronično inflamatorno oboljenje potpornog aparata koje dovodi do njegove destrukcije a za krajnji ishod može imati i gubitak zuba. Ako u obzir uzmemo rasprostranjenost ovog oboljenja, koja po nekim istraživanjima iznosi više od 90% odrasle populacije, onda vidimo i socioekonomski značaj njegovog lečenja i saniranja posledica. Kada dođe do klinički vidljivog inflamatornog procesa u parodoncijumu to obično predstavlja stanje koje je u većoj ili manjoj meri ireverzibilano. U parodontologiji je zato i dalje otvorena ideja o uvođenju biohemijskih analiza koje bi dijagnostikovale postojanje inflamatornog procesa u parodoncijumu pre nego što je moguće da se on uoči na kliničkom nivou. Sledstveno tome praćenje biohemijskih pokazatelja stanja parodoncijuma moglo bi imati ulogu u poređenju rezultata različitih metoda lečenja parodontopatije. Savremeno shvatanje nastanka mnogih oboljenja, uključujući i inflamatorna, bazira se pored ostalog i na štetnom dejstvu tzv. slobodnih radikala. Oksidativno oštećenje ćelijske membrane nastaje kao posledica peroksidacije polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PNMK) i dovodi do stvaranja malondialdehida (MDA) kao krajnjeg produkta. Merenje koncentracije MDA najčešće se koristi kao pokazatelj intenziteta oksidacije PNMK tj. jačine oksidativnog stresa uopšte. Indikatorom oksidativnog oštećenja DNK smatra se 8-hidroksi2-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) . Protiv slobodnih radikala organizam se bori posebnim mehanizmima koji su uključeni u antioksidativnu zaštitu organizma. Antioksidativna zaštita obuhvata sve organske i neorganske molekule koji mogu da neutrališu slobodne radikale.. Mnogim istraživanjima je pokazano da je koncentracija antioksidanasa, odnosno aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima manja što je nivo oksidativnog stresa veći i obrnuto. Pljuvačka je telesna tečnost koja se lako može prikupiti. Ona, pored ostalog, sadrži i lokalne i sistemske pokazatelje inflamatornih procesa u parodoncijumu. Dokazivanje povezanosti nivoa oks

The aim of the study was to develop rapid and economical method for detection genetic diseases using PCR technology. 20 samples of buccal swabs were collected and screened for the presence of Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin 2020A mutations, which are known to be common risk alleles for venous thrombosis. We have derived conditions that enable specific and reproducible amplification of segments of Factor V and prothrombin genes directly from oral mucosa epithelial cells without previous DNA extraction as well as subsequent restriction digestion. 1 sample was found to be heterozygous for the presence of FV Leiden mutation. Our results demonstrates that use of direct PCR of oral mucosa epithelial cells offers significant advantages over the other screening methods, including both non-invasive sampling and reduction of time needed, therefore increasing the number of samples that could be handled conveniently.

Background and ObjectiveGingival recession is defined as soft and hard tissue displacement resulting in root surface exposure. The optimal outcome of gingival recession treatment is complete, predictable and long-lasting root coverage with a significant level of tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering, which applies active regeneration principles, presents the contemporary treatment approach in the restitution and regeneration of lost tissues. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical results of application of an autologous fibroblast cell culture (AFCC) on a collagen matrix and a connective tissue graft (CTG) placed under a coronally advanced flap (CAF), in the treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions. Material and MethodsEighteen patients from the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, were randomly enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were the bilateral presence of Miller Class I or II single or multiple maxillary gingival recessions. A split-mouth design was used in the study. The experimental group was treated with AFCC on a collagen scaffold, which was placed under a CAF. The control group received a combination of CTG and CAF. Clinical parameters such as gingival recession coverage, keratinized tissue width, clinical attachment level and gingival index were recorded at baseline and at 12mo postoperatively. The oral hygiene level was assessed by plaque index evaluation. Postoperative healing was evaluated through the healing index, recorded 1, 2 and 3wk postoperatively. The final esthetic outcome was assessed using the mean root coverage esthetic score (RES). ResultsStatistically significant improvement of all parameters assessed was found compared with baseline. A statistically significant difference between groups was observed only in keratinized tissue width. Greater keratinized tissue width is still obtained with the use of CTG. Regarding the tissue-healing results, no