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Mosquito control is becoming more difficult as a result of the rise in resistance to toxic chemical insecticides. The insecticides of bio-fabrication sources may serve as a convenient alternative to environmentally acceptable methods in the future. The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the different instar larvae and pupae of

Surgical management of node positive breast cancer requires axillary dissection. Interpectoral nodes (IPNs) or Rotter’s nodes removal is controversial as there is hardly any tissue in this region. IPNs involvement is rarely seen among breast cancer patients. Developing an effective protocol for surgical management of axilla is necessary for uniformity, to reduce the risk of regional recurrence and to avoid the morbidity of interpectoral lymphatic tissue clearance. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of lymph nodes in Rotter’s region and positive metastasis rate of IPNs in patients with node positive breast cancer for analyzing the prognostic and therapeutic value of IPN excision during axillary clearance. Fifty-six patients undergoing axillary clearance, aged ≥ 18 years, were studied. Patients with recurrence or those who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Baseline investigations were done pre-operatively along with core needle biopsy, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 status. Association between IPN status, age, and clinicopathological parameters were assessed by Kruskal Wallis and Chi-square test using R v 3.6.0. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Majority of patients had upper outer quadrant tumor location (22/56), and the most common histopathological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (46/56). IPNs were identified in 35.71% (20/56) of 56 patients, with metastasis prevalence of 27.27% (9/33 node positive patients). Patients having IPN metastasis had larger tumor size, later TNM classification, lower ER/PR, and higher Ki-67 positivity. Dissection of IPNs can be practiced routinely during axillary clearance and should be subjected to histopathological examination separately.

Use of demolition waste in construction opens a complete new range of options in the reuse of materials in the building industry. This could be a vital development for our society in our endeavors toward sustainable development. The present study aims in developing the brick using demolished waste, blended with lime (L), fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BS) in varied proportions which were casted and cured at normal atmospheric conditions. In order to analyze the performance of the produced brick, compression test, water absorption test, and flexural test were conducted and compared with the conventional burnt clay brick as per Indian standard codal provisions. Test results showed that the brick produced from the demolished waste blended with pozzolanic materials showed better performance than compared to conventional bricks (CB).

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficiency of BTX-A injections as an alternative approach in patients with excessive gingival display and to observe the patient’s satisfaction in order to obtain cosmetically promising results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients of whom ten female and five male with different types of gummy smiles such as anterior (53%), posterior (7%) and mixed (40%) reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu from December 2018 to October 2019 those who were willing to undergo corrections using Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) were selected for the present study using various inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were injected with BTX-A on Yonsei triangle accordingly. The clinical evaluation and patient satisfaction evaluation were carried out. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the gingival exposure of about 3.5 ± 1 mm at 2 weeks after injection was observed and it lasted for 4 months. It was also noted that there was no difference in the measurement of gingival display on maximum smile for postinjection during 5th and 6th month when compared with preinjection measurements. This study confirms that the efficacy of BTX A injection lasted for 4 months and then gradually reduced resulting in reversal of gingival display during maximum smile. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that in the cosmetic correction of gummy smile by BTX-A, it is important to identify the type of smile and the main muscles involved, so that the correct injection technique can be used. It also confirms that BTX-A is a novel, competent, risk-free and minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy that can extensively improve smile aesthetics.

A total of 120 tissue samples (Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine and large intestine) were collected from slaughter houses in Chennai, Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts and five samples from necropsy room at Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 52.00%. Among the positive samples, single infection was found to be more (53.84%) than themixed infection (46.15%). Out of which, oesophagostomosis was 17.00% and found as single infection. In oesophagostomosis, significant gross lesions observed in the small and large intestine were multiple small to large, round to irregular, hard, fibrotic, raised nodules. The wall of the large intestine was greatly thickened and oedematous and the nodules were seen projecting into the lumen and mucosal surface was intact. On histopathological examination, ileum of sheep showed parasitic nodules with central baso-eosinophilic necrotic area, larval stages in the necrotic area, surrounded by layers of inflammatory cells and finally encapsulated in a thick fibrous connective tissue capsule. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Vimentin showed intense cytoplasmic positive signals DAB Brown. PCR was carried out targeting ITS2 regions of the O. columbianum and O. venulosum. DNA isolated from both the faecal eggs and adult worms showed good amplification.

Coccidiosis, caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, is one of the major parasitic diseases characterized by subclinical contagious enteritis in domestic and wild animals. A total of 125 tissue samples (Abomasum, small intestine and large intestine) of sheep and goat were collected from slaughter houses in Chennai, Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts and samples from necropsied small ruminants at Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis in single infection in collected samples was 28.57% (10/35). Grossly, the ileum and jejunum infected with coccidia showed oedema, congestion of serosa and mucosa. In few cases, the ileum showed a single white round raised spot. On histopathological examination, infected tissues showed different developmental stages like early, young and mature first generation schizonts with stage of blastophore formation, early stage of compartmentalization, advanced stage of compartmentalization, early and mature second generation schizonts with stage of merozoite formation, macromeronts, micromeronts, mature meronts, microgametocytes, macrogametocytes, microgamonts, macrogamonts and mature oocysts in the intestinal mucosa mainly in the epithelial crypts.

In the present study, aqueous extract of bark of Moringa oleifera administered orally, was eva- luated for its antiurolithiatic potential in albino rats of Wistar strains. The stones were produced in this study by zinc disc foreign body insertion in the bladder supplemented with 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water. The reduction in weight of the stones was used as criteria for assessing the preventive or curative antiurolithiatic effect of the bark of this plant. Two doses of extract for prophylactic and curative groups were used. In both groups the oral administration of the extract of bark of Moringa oleifera has resulted in significant reduction in the weight of bladder stones compared to the control group.

There is a need to understand the thermodynamics of interaction of cationic peptides with DNA to design better peptide based non-viral gene delivery vectors. The main aim of this study was to understand the influence of N-terminal hydrophobicity of cationic amphiphilic peptides on thermodynamics of interaction with plasmid DNA. The model peptides used were TATPTD and TATPTDs modified at the N-terminal with hydrophobic amino acids. The thermodynamic binding data from isothermal titration calorimetry were compared with ethidium bromide analysis and ultrafiltration to correlate the binding parameters with the structural features of the various peptides used. It was observed that peptides having a smaller hydrophobic domain at the N-terminal have good DNA condensing ability compared with the ones with a longer hydrophobic domain. Calorimetry of peptides that reached saturation binding indicated that enthalpy and entropy are favorable for the interaction. Moreover, the interaction of these peptides with DNA appears to be predominantly electrostatic.

Human myiasis is common in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Tracheostomal myiasis is a rare entity, and only 7 such cases have been reported in literature. Our study emphasizes the importance of health education with regards to hygiene, sanitation and home tracheostomy tube care especially in immunocompromised individuals.

The IAS Electrical Safety Workshop has three components in its mission: accelerate the application of breakthrough improvements in human factors, technology, and managing systems that reduce the risk of electrical injuries; stimulate innovation in overcoming barriers; and change and advance the electrical safety culture to enable sustainable improvements in the prevention of electrical accidents and injuries. This paper gives a brief history highlighting the profound impact IAS safety workshops have had on planning and implementing safety programs and standards.