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Abstract Here, we performed a systematic DFT study assisted by the workflow framework SimStack for the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the clay mineral lizardite in pristine and six different types of O vacancies configurations. In most cases, the defect caused a structural phase transition in the lizardite from the trigonal (pristine) to the triclinic phase. The results show that oxygen vacancies in lizardite significantly reduce the lattice thermal conductivity, accompanied by an elastic moduli reduction and an anisotropy index increase. Through the P–V relation, an increase in compressibility was evidenced for vacancy configurations. Except for the vacancy with the same crystalline structure as pristine lizardite, the sound velocities of the other vacancy configurations produce a decrease in these velocities, and it is essential to highlight high values for the Grüneisen parameter. We emphasize the great relevance of the punctual-defects introduction, such as O vacancies, in lizardite, since this microstructural design is responsible for the decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity in comparison with the pristine system by decreasing the heat transfer ability, turning lizardite into a promising candidate for thermoelectric materials

Abstract Relevant mechanical parameters of asphalt composites, such as the dynamic modulus and phase angle, are obtained by means of four-point bending tests. It is a dynamic test based on the application of sinusoidal load pulses and sinusoidal displacement response. A sinusoidal response can be difficult to record due to different issues, such as noise during an experiment. In strain-controlled tests with the application of a low-load amplitude with asphalt mixtures at high temperatures composed with calcined clay, which is the case of the test carried out in this study, a relationship was observed between the apparent noise recorded and the frequencies of the beam’s natural vibration. This outcome led to the conclusion that these imperfections are not a result of failures in the procedure, but of the natural behavior of the beam. This conclusion can assist in the filtering of information to obtain better results.

Ante a carência de materiais pétreos na região amazônica (déficit prejudicial ao seu emprego, nas obras civis, como agregado graúdo), desenvolveu-se pesquisa científico-tecnológica voltada a materiais alternativos, por meio da qual se constatou a viabilidade técnica do Agregado Sinterizado de Argila Calcinada - ASAC, na composição de misturas asfálticas destinadas aos pavimentos rodoviários amazônicos. Por outro lado, levantamentos demonstraram abundância na Amazônia da matéria para a sua confecção, que permitirá sua obtenção em larga escala, mesmo em locais de difícil acesso, motivos pelos quais se mostra indispensável aferir os custos do seu processo produtivo. Estabeleceu-se metodologia de análise de custos de confecção de produtos de cerâmica vermelha, que pode ser utilizado para produção do ASAC. Em junho de 2012 o exame preliminar constatou para o ASAC preço 40% superior ao do seixo (tradicional opção regional ao agregado pétreo), ao passo que, quanto ao agregado tradicional, detectou-se preço muito abaixo da média usual, com tendência de recuperação, de sorte que a produção do agregado sinterizado apresenta-se vantajosa, no médio e longo prazos. Com efeito, a análise mais detalhada, em que o processo produtivo foi adaptado à produção do agregado artificial, apontou fato promissor: o preço final com valor 24% acima do seixo rolado. No contexto da produção para a aplicação direta na obra civil, a situação se inverte, porquanto apenas os custos diretos de produção compõem o custo do ASAC, revelando-se 34,5% inferior ao preço do agregado aluvionar, este, ressalta-se, abaixo da sua média histórica. Computando-se custos adicionais de transporte para o seixo rolado, quando o local da obra é distante dos centros comerciais, a vantagem financeira do ASAC aumenta de forma expressiva, a ponto de alcançar preço 77% inferior ao do seixo rolado (por exemplo, para uma distância média de 400 km).

Expressivo número de municípios amazonenses se encontra localizado em áreas carentes em agregados pétreos, o que leva os construtores de pavimentos a adotarem alternativas que, em retrospecto histórico, propiciam pavimentos de deficiente resistência mecânica. Conquanto mais eficaz e apropriado do ponto de vista técnico, o concreto betuminoso usinado à quente é normalmente evitado por conta da indicada carência estadual em agregados pétreos. Em face do peculiar contexto amazonense, revela-se recomendável à circunstância em testilha a adoção de agregados sintéticos de argila calcinada (ASAC), com matéria-prima abundante (argila) no Amazonas. Trabalhos anteriores, realizados pelo Grupo de Geotecnia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, demonstram que solos argilosos, costumeiramente empregados para produção de material cerâmico, podem produzir agregados sintéticos com adequadas propriedades mecânicas. Nesta pesquisa, amostras com características similares às desses solos foram encontradas na rodovia BR-319, que liga Manaus (AM) a Porto Velho (RO). Trata-se de estrutura, em geral, a ostentar péssimas condições de tráfego, incluída, de maneira justificável, como um dos alvos da política pública de recuperação de rodovias, conduzida pelo Ministério dos Transportes. Neste estudo, dosaram-se misturas asfálticas com agregado sintético e com seixo rolado oriundo do leito dos rios amazonenses, a fim de se comparar o desempenho mecânico de tais misturas por meio da determinação do módulo resiliente (MR). Os resultados, em regra, denotam que as misturas asfálticas confeccionadas com agregado sintético de argila calcinada, quando confrontadas com aquelas confeccionadas com o material natural (seixo), apresentaram: (a) maiores resistências à tração e aos módulos resiliente; (b) baixa tendência à deformação, assim como uma recuperação elástica considerável e (c) menor susceptibilidade às deformações permanentes.A substantial number of municipal districts in the State of Amazonas are located in areas which are poor in stony materials. And this has led pavement builders into adopting alternatives which have historically produced pavements with low mechanical strength. Whist more effective and appropriate from a technical standpoint, the asphalt concrete has been usually left aside due to the referred lack of stony materials. Because of the specific situation in the State of Amazonas the adoption of synthetic calcinated clay aggregates (SCCA), with an abundant raw material (clay) in the State of Amazonas is recommended in lieu of the traditional practice. Previous works carried out by the Federal University of Amazonas Geotechny Group have demonstrated that the clay soil commonly used in the production of ceramic materials can yield synthetic aggregates with adequate mechanical properties. In this research work, samples featuring similar characteristics as those of the soils in question have been found along the BR-319 highway connecting the Manaus (AM) city to Porto Velho (RO) city. The transportation structure in general is in deplorable conditions. Justifiably so, the recovery of this highway has been earmarked as one of the targets for the Ministry of Transportation. In this study, asphalt mixtures were blended with synthetic aggregates and pebbles taken from the river bed in order to compare the mechanical performance of such mixtures by means of the determination of the resilient modulus (RM). The results, as a rule, have shown that the asphalt mixtures comprising synthetic calcinated clay aggregates when compared with those comprising the naturally-found material (river bed pebbles) have shown: (a) greater tensile and resilient modulus strengths; (b) low deformation tendency, as well as a considerable elastic recovery and (c) less susceptibility to permanent deformation.

Haliclona tubifera, marine sponge species abundant in Brazilian coastline, presents only a few papers published in the literature. Recently, we have reported the isolation of two modified C18 sphingoid bases: (2R,3R,6R,7Z)-2-aminooctadec-7-ene-1,3, 6-triol and and (2R,3R,6R)-2-aminooctadec-1,3,6-triol. In order to continue our research, in this work aimed at the biological investigation of fractions that led to the isolation of these compounds. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of marine sponge H. tubifera fractions in glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) human cell lines. In addition, considering the link between cancer, imbalance of reactive oxygen species and coagulation disorders, we also investigated the in vitro effects on blood coagulation and their redox properties. We showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, rich in sphingoid bases, had important cytotoxic effects in both cancer cell lines with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL and also can inhibit the production of peroxyl radicals. Interestingly, this fraction increased the recalcification time of human blood, showing anticoagulant properties. The present study indicates the sphingosines fraction as a promising source of chemical prototypes, especially multifunctional drugs in cancer therapy.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sleep problems and associated factors among Brazilian physiotherapists during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey of physiotherapists in Brazil. Sociodemographic data, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI) and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress (21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – DASS-21) were assessed. Results: 342 physiotherapists responded the survey (18% male, median age 31 [27–38] years, 78% frontline workers). The three biggest fears reported by frontline physiotherapists were fear of being infected (48%), shortage of personal protective equipment (24%) and the severity of the disease (16%). The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 86%. Frontline physiotherapists showed worse scores on all PSQI components but sleep latency, disturbances and daytime dysfunction (p ≤ 0.037). Symptoms of anxiety and stress were highest in frontline workers (p ≤ 0.032). Being a frontline worker was independently associated with a poor sleep quality (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.99 [1.01 to 3.93]). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was highly prevalent among Brazilian physiotherapists during the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontline physiotherapists showed worse sleep quality and more symptoms of anxiety and stress than non-frontline physiotherapists. Being at the frontline was associated with a higher chance of poor sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]