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In this paper, a new concept called Trident Fuzzy Aggregation Operators in which the operation is made by the grouping of numerous Trapezoidal Trident Fuzzy Numbers (TTriFN) to become a solitary trapezoidal trident fuzzy numeral for parallel computing application is introduced. This proposed operator in computing architecture is applicable in the development of fuzzy networking and ranking concepts. Also, the geometric mean over ‘n’ TTriFN on the left-side apex-base angles and right-side apex-base angles are introduced in the architecture development process.

Effective monitoring of wildlife populations forms the foundation of modern-day conservation biology. Without reliable estimates of population size, it is not possible to determine population trends, a key requirement in determining species status under international legislation. Carnivores are one of the more difficult taxonomic groups to monitor due to low population densities and elusive behavior. Here, we compare conventional live trapping and two more modern, noninvasive field methods of population estimation: genetic fingerprinting from hair tube sampling and camera trapping for the pine marten (Martes martes). We apply marked spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models to the genetic and live-trapping data where individuals were identifiable, and unmarked SCR (uSCR), camera-trap distance sampling (CT-DS), and random encounter models (REMs) to the camera-trap data where individual ID was not possible. All five approaches produced plausible and relatively consistent point estimates (0.49–1.20 individuals/km2) despite differences in precision, cost, and effort being apparent. Genetic fingerprinting produced the most precise estimate out of the two approaches for marked animal populations and had the key benefit of being noninvasive but was the most expensive of all the methods. Live trapping produced the highest point estimate while being cheapest, but the most labor intensive and least precise. The camera-trapping methods for unmarked animal populations were the most time efficient and precise except uSCR with a moderately informative prior (uSCRm), which produced the second least precise density estimate of all the methods compared. The CT-DS produced the most precise estimate of all the methods, followed by REM and then uSCR with a strongly informative prior (uSCRs). While choice of method of density estimation depends on objectives and funding constraints, as well as the species of interest, we demonstrate the importance of using a priori knowledge of target species and consideration of planned statistical analysis to produce appropriate experimental designs with critical consideration required regarding trap spacing and spatial extent. Such considerations broaden the comparability and applicability of these methods and will serve to provide key reference estimates for researchers, wildlife managers, and non-governmental organizations involved in monitoring wildlife populations.

In this response Daniela C. Augustine engages the three articles, published in the present issue of the journal, which dialogue with her monograph The Spirit and the Common Good: Shared Flourishing in the Image of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2019). Her dialogue partners are Frank D. Macchia, Chris E.W. Green, and Joseph M. Lear.

The present article looks at the Encyclical of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church (Crete, 2016) and its implications for ecumenical relations between Orthodox and Classical Pentecostals. The text reflects on the Encyclical through an Eastern-European Pentecostal perspective, engaging its inherent ecclesiological pneumatology, by focusing on three interrelated themes, namely, the understanding of the church as a continuing Pentecost, the apostolic succession as a guardian of the church’s charismatic essence, and the church’s sobornost—its pneumatic conciliarity and catholicity.

This chapter reflects on Marvell’s reception over the last century, asking why reading Marvell has been and remains a task at the forefront of early modern scholarship. Marvell’s endurance and indeed expanding presence within 20th and 21st-century critical debates, this chapter argues, has to do with his instructive mastery, yes, of words – to recall the title of Elsie Duncan-Jones’s 1975 Warton Lecture – but moreover of ‘language games’, in the sense first described by Ludwig Wittgenstein and later incorporated into the methodology of the ‘Cambridge School’ of intellectual historians. Nowhere are such games played more brilliantly than in the Horatian Ode; no poem better illuminates the central contests of literary criticism in the century since Eliot; nor have we exhausted the potential of learning to read with Marvell.

Free-roaming cats are a conservation concern in many areas but identifying their impacts and developing mitigation strategies requires a robust understanding of their distribution and density patterns. Urban and residential areas may be especially relevant in this process because free-roaming cats are abundant in these anthropogenic landscapes. Here, we estimate the occupancy and density of free-roaming cats in Washington D.C. and relate these metrics to known landscape and social factors. We conducted an extended camera trap survey of public and private spaces across D.C., and analyzed data collected from 1,483 camera deployments from 2018-2020. We estimated citywide cat distribution by fitting hierarchical occupancy models and further estimated cat abundance using a novel random thinning spatial capture-recapture model that allows for the use of photos that can and cannot be identified to individual. Within this model, we utilized individual covariates that provided identity exclusions between photos of unidentifiable cats with inconsistent coat patterns, thus increasing the precision of abundance estimates. This combined model also allowed for unbiased estimation of density when animals cannot be identified to individual at the same rate as for free-roaming cats whose identifiability depended on their coat characteristics. Cat occupancy and abundance declined with increasing distance from residential areas, an effect that was more pronounced in wealthier neighborhoods. There was noteworthy absence of cats detected in larger public spaces and forests. Realized densities ranged from 0.02-1.75 cats/ha in sampled areas, resulting in a district-wide estimate of ~ 7,296 free-roaming cats. Ninety percent of cat detections lacked collars and nearly 35% of known individuals were ear-tipped, indicative of district Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs. These results suggest that we mainly sampled and estimated the unowned cat subpopulation, such that indoor/outdoor housecats were not well represented. The precise estimation of cat population densities is difficult due to the varied behavior of subpopulations within free-roaming cat populations (housecats, stray and feral cats), but our methods provide a first step in establishing citywide baselines to inform data-driven management plans for free-roaming cats in urban environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Optical properties of ZnS thin films coated with organic dye extract on different Zn2+ concentrations from ZnSO4 are presented in this study. The effects of concentration and post-deposition annealing temperatures on the optical properties of the films were investigated. Aqueous dye extract-coated ZnS nanocrystals, were prepared by a simple and low-cost chemical bath deposition method. Results obtained revealed that optical properties of the films were modified by concentration and post-deposition annealing temperature. Increasing concentration reduced the transparency of the films. Annealing increased the transparency of the films except for films deposited with 0.1M concentration of ZnSO4. In general, the heat-treated layers were found to transmit better than the as-deposited layers. The analysis of energy band gap showed a reduction in band gap with increasing Zn2+ concentration of the as-deposited films. It also indicated that post-deposition annealing, increased energy band gap except for films deposited with 0.1M concentration of ZnSO4. The relationship between the energy band gap with both concentration and post-deposition annealing fit into the quadratic model with high R2 values. The range of values of 3.889–3.981eV recorded for the band gaps is within the range for application in diverse solar architecture and optoelectronic devices.

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights of albino rats. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain RSOSM at graded levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%designated asT1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Sixty albino rats with an average body weight of 70.52 to 81.05 g were allotted to the five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates of four rats each. The chemical composition and the anti-nutritional factors were determined. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage and organ weights (heart, liver, kidney and lungs).Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. The productive performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights were observed to be significantly (P

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on carcass characteristics, organ weights and economic performance of broilerchickens in a 9 weeks trial. One hundred and eighty (180) broiler chicks weremanaged on deep litter pens. Six (6) experimental diets were formulated to contain RSOSM at concentrations of 0,5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with pen location serving as the blocking factor. Data were collected on final live weight, plucked and dressed weight, cut-up parts and economic performance of broiler chickens fed RSOSM based-diets. The data collected were analysed using a computer statistical package (Statistix, 9.0). Carcass parameters such as dressed weight and dressing percentage were observed to be depressed as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Dressing percentage decreased from 78.69 to 52.38% in T1 to T6, respectively. The weight of cut-upparts followed similar trend as above. Thigh and drum stick significantly (P

Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity information to estimate population density and other demographic parameters. Recent examples are the unmarked SCR (or spatial count model), where no individual identities are available and spatial mark–resight (SMR) where individual identities are available for only a marked subset of the population. Currently lacking, though, is a model that allows unidentified samples to be combined with identified samples when there are no separate classes of “marked” and “unmarked” individuals and when the two sample types cannot be considered as arising from two independent observation models. This is a common scenario when using noninvasive sampling methods, for example, when analyzing data on identified and unidentified photographs or scats from the same sites. Here we describe a “random thinning” SCR model that utilizes encounters of both known and unknown identity samples using a natural mechanistic dependence between samples arising from a single observation model. Our model was fitted in a Bayesian framework using NIMBLE. We investigate the improvement in parameter estimates by including the unknown identity samples, which was notable (up to 79% more precise) in low-density populations with a low rate of identified encounters. We then applied the random thinning SCR model to a noninvasive genetic sampling study of brown bear (Ursus arctos) density in Oriental Cantabrian Mountains (North Spain). Our model can improve density estimation for noninvasive sampling studies for low-density populations with low rates of individual identification, by making use of available data that might otherwise be discarded., This research has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (Government of Spain). We are grateful to the Brown Bear Foundation (Fundación Oso Pardo), and Raquel Godinho (CIBIO-InBIO, Portugal) and Jose Vicente López-Bao (University of Oviedo) for providing the original brown bear data set from the Eastern Cantabrian Mountains (Spain).

The external globus pallidus (GPe) is a critical node within the basal ganglia circuit. Phasic changes in the activity of GPe neurons during movement and their alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD) argue that the GPe is important in motor control. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons and Npas1+neurons are the two principal neuron classes in the GPe. The distinct electrophysiological properties and axonal projection patterns argue that these two neuron classes serve different roles in regulating motor output. However, the causal relationship between GPe neuron classes and movement remains to be established. Here, by using optogenetic approaches in mice (both males and females), we showed that PV+neurons and Npas1+neurons promoted and suppressed locomotion, respectively. Moreover, PV+neurons and Npas1+neurons are under different synaptic influences from the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Additionally, we found a selective weakening of STN inputs to PV+neurons in the chronic 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of PD. This finding reinforces the idea that the reciprocally connected GPe–STN network plays a key role in disease symptomatology and thus provides the basis for future circuit-based therapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe external pallidum is a key, yet an understudied component of the basal ganglia. Neural activity in the pallidum goes awry in neurologic diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. While this strongly argues that the pallidum plays a critical role in motor control, it has been difficult to establish the causal relationship between pallidal activity and motor function/dysfunction. This was in part because of the cellular complexity of the pallidum. Here, we showed that the two principal neuron types in the pallidum have opposing roles in motor control. In addition, we described the differences in their synaptic influence. Importantly, our research provides new insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms that explain the hypokinetic features of Parkinson's disease.

Autophagic recycling of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and organelles is essential for cellular homeostasis and optimal health, especially under nutrient-limiting conditions. To better understand how this turnover affects plant growth, development, and survival upon nutrient stress, we applied an integrated multiomics approach to study maize (Zea mays) autophagy mutants subjected to fixed-carbon starvation induced by darkness. Broad metabolic alterations were evident in leaves missing the core autophagy component ATG12 under normal growth conditions (e.g., lipids and secondary metabolism), while changes in amino acid-, carbohydrate-, and nucleotide-related metabolites selectively emerged during fixed-carbon starvation. Through combined proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified numerous autophagy-responsive proteins, which revealed processes underpinning the various metabolic changes seen during carbon stress as well as potential autophagic cargo. Strikingly, a strong upregulation of various catabolic processes was observed in the absence of autophagy, including increases in simple carbohydrate levels with a commensurate drop in starch levels, elevated free amino acid levels with a corresponding reduction in intact protein levels, and a strong increase in the abundance of several nitrogen-rich nucleotide catabolites. Altogether, this analysis showed that fixed-carbon starvation in the absence of autophagy adjusts the choice of respiratory substrates, promotes the transition of peroxisomes to glyoxysomes, and enhances the retention of assimilated nitrogen.

The post-translational addition of SUMO plays essential roles in numerous eukaryotic processes including cell division, transcription, chromatin organization, DNA repair, and stress defense through its selective conjugation to numerous targets. One prominent plant SUMO ligase is METHYL METHANESULFONATE-SENSITIVE (MMS)-21/HIGH-PLOIDY (HPY)-2/NON-SMC-ELEMENT (NSE)-2, which has been connected genetically to development and endoreduplication. Here, we describe the potential functions of MMS21 through a collection of UniformMu and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants in maize (Zea mays) that display either seed lethality or substantially compromised pollen germination and seed/vegetative development. RNA-seq analyses of leaves, embryos, and endosperm from mms21 plants revealed a substantial dysregulation of the maize transcriptome, including the ectopic expression of seed storage protein mRNAs in leaves and altered accumulation of mRNAs associated with DNA repair and chromatin dynamics. Interaction studies demonstrated that MMS21 associates in the nucleus with the NSE4 and STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES (SMC)-5 components of the chromatin organizer SMC5/6 complex, with in vitro assays confirming that MMS21 will SUMOylate SMC5. Comet assays measuring genome integrity, sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, and protein versus mRNA abundance comparisons implicated MMS21 in chromatin stability and transcriptional controls on proteome balance. Taken together, we propose that MMS21-directed SUMOylation of the SMC5/6 complex and other targets enables proper gene expression by influencing chromatin structure., Author summary The post-translational addition of SUMO to other proteins by the MMS21 SUMO ligase has been implicated in a plethora of biological processes in plants but the identit(ies) of its targets and the biological consequences of their modification remain poorly resolved. Here, we address this issue by characterizing a collection of maize mms21 mutants using genetic, biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Our results revealed that mms21 mutations substantially compromise pollen germination and seed/vegetative development, dysregulate the maize transcriptome, including the ectopic expression of seed storage protein mRNAs in leaves, increase DNA damage, and alter the proteome/transcriptome balance. Interaction studies showed that MMS21 associates in the nucleus with the NON-SMC-ELEMENT (NSE)-4 and STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES (SMC)-5 components of the chromatin organizer SMC5/6 complex responsible for DNA-damage repair and chromatin accessibility. Our data demonstrate that MMS21 is crucial for plant development likely through its maintenance of DNA repair, balanced transcription, and genome stability.

[Figure][1] Pascal Genschik Accounting for more than 1600 genes in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in nearly all facets of plant biology ranging from hormone biology and plant pathogen responses to development and

This article offers a constructive exploration of Eastern Orthodox liturgical pneumatology’s potential contributions toward the development of Pentecostal liturgical theology. It highlights two main themes: the organic continuity between word and sacrament as a proclaimed and ‘choreographed’, communally-enacted theology; and the catechetical significance of ‘visualized theology’ or ‘theology in images’ within the context of worship in the Spirit, constituting the life of the church as a continual Pentecost.

Modeling the population dynamics of patchily distributed species is a challenge, particularly when inference must be based on incomplete and small data sets such as those from most species of conservation concern. Open population spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are ideally suited to quantify population trends, but have seen only limited use since their introduction.To investigate population trend and sex-specific population dynamics, we applied an open SCR model to a capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) population in Switzerland living in eight distinct forest patches totalling 22 km2 within a region of 908 km2. The population was surveyed using genetic sampling of scat in 2009, 2012 and 2015. We fit an open SCR model with sex-specific detection and population dynamics parameters while accounting for the patchy distribution of habitat and the uncertainty introduced by observing the population in three years only.Between 2009 and 2015, a total of 143 males, 112 females and 4 individuals of uncertain sex were detected. The annual per capita recruitment rate was estimated at 0.115 (SE 0.0144) for males and 0.127 (0.0168) for females. The estimated annual survival probability for males was 0.758 (0.0241) and 0.707 (0.0356) for females. The population trajectory implied by these survival and recruitment estimates was a decline of 2% per year; however, the sex specificity of the model revealed a decline in the male population only, with no evidence of decline in the female population. Further, the population decline observed in males was explained by the demography of just two of the eight patches.Using a customized open population SCR model, we determined that the endangered capercaillie in our Swiss study area had a stable female population and a declining male population, with the male decline due to population dynamics in a subset of the study area. Our study highlights the flexibility of open population SCR models for assessing population trajectories through time and across space and emphasizes the desirability of estimating sex-stratified population trends especially in species of conservation concern.

Obtaining reliable population density estimates for pumas (Puma concolor) and other cryptic, wide-ranging large carnivores is challenging. Recent advancements in spatially explicit capture-recapture models have facilitated development of novel survey approaches, such as clustered sampling designs, which can provide reliable density estimation for expansive areas with reduced effort. We applied clustered sampling to camera-traps to detect marked (collared) and unmarked pumas, and used generalized spatial mark-resight (SMR) models to estimate puma population density across 15,314 km2 in the southwestern USA. Generalized SMR models outperformed conventional SMR models. Integrating telemetry data from collars on marked pumas with detection data from camera-traps substantially improved density estimates by informing cryptic activity (home range) center transiency and improving estimation of the SMR home range parameter. Modeling sex of unmarked pumas as a partially identifying categorical covariate further improved estimates. Our density estimates (0.84–1.65 puma/100 km2) were generally more precise (CV = 0.24–0.31) than spatially explicit estimates produced from other puma sampling methods, including biopsy darting, scat detection dogs, and regular camera-trapping. This study provides an illustrative example of the effectiveness and flexibility of our combined sampling and analytical approach for reliably estimating density of pumas and other wildlife across geographically expansive areas.

Group living in species can have complex consequences for individuals, populations, and ecosystems. Therefore, estimating group density and size is often essential for understanding population dynamics, interspecific interactions, and conservation needs of group-living species. Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) has been used to model both individual and group density in group-living species, but modeling either individual-level or group-level detection results in different biases due to common characteristics of group-living species, such as highly cohesive movement or variation in group size. Furthermore, no SCR method currently estimates group density, individual density, and group size jointly. Using clustered point processes, we developed a cluster SCR model to estimate group density, individual density, and group size. We compared the model to standard SCR models using both a simulation study and a data set of detections of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), a group-living carnivore, on camera traps in northern Botswana. We then tested the model's performance under various scenarios of group movement in a separate simulation study. We found that the cluster SCR model outperformed a standard group-level SCR model when fitted to data generated with varying group sizes, and mostly recovered previous estimates of wild dog group density, individual density, and group size. We also found that the cluster SCR model performs better as individuals' movements become more correlated with their groups' movements. The cluster SCR model offers opportunities to investigate ecological hypotheses relating group size to population dynamics while accounting for cohesive movement behaviors in group-living species.

This chapter delves deeply into Marvell’s stay (1650–1652) at the Yorkshire estate of Nun Appleton as tutor to Mary Fairfax, daughter of Thomas Lord Fairfax, late Captain General of the parliamentary armies. It was during this time that Marvell wrote much of his most famous poetry. ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’, ‘Tom May’s Death’, ‘Upon Appleton House’, and ‘The Garden’ are considered at length in this chapter.

This chapter covers the poet’s family history and early life in the East Riding of Yorkshire, from Marvell’s birth in 1621 until his matriculation to university in 1633, with particular attention to the place of the grammar school in early modern education and in Marvell’s formation as a poet. These years are also situated within the political and religious contexts of early Stuart England. Discussed in this chapter are Marvell’s Latin poem ‘Ad Regem Carolum Parodia’ and the lyric ‘Mourning’.

This chapter continues the discussion of Marvell and pastoral begun in the last chapter before moving on to Marvell’s employment as tutor to Oliver Cromwell’s ward William Dutton and then as a secretary and colleague of John Milton’s in the Protectoral government, covering the years 1652–1659. Discussed in this chapter are the Mower poems, ‘The Character of Holland’, ‘Bermudas’, ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under His Highness the Lord Protector’, and ‘A Poem upon the Death of His Late Highness the Lord Protector’.

This introductory chapter asks what it means to live a literary life and what it means to write one, specifically, what it means to write one for the poet Andrew Marvell in view of the approaching four hundredth anniversary of his birth. Surveying modern criticism and biography of Marvell, the chapter argues for a rebalancing of the terms ‘poet’ and ‘politician’ in the scholar’s brief.

This chapter follows the poet to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied for a BA degree (from 1633) and then proceeded to MA study (from 1639), the course of which was interrupted by the tragic death of his father in January 1641 and the subsequent loss of his place. Discussed in this chapter are Marvell’s dialogue and debate poems, including ‘A Dialogue between Thyrsis and Dorinda’, ‘Clorinda and Damon’, ‘A Dialogue, Between the Resolved Soul, and Created Pleasure’, and ‘A Dialogue between the Soul and Body’.

This chapter follows the poet to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied for a BA degree (from 1633) and then proceeded to MA study (from 1639), the course of which was interrupted by the tragic death of his father in January 1641 and the subsequent loss of his place. Discussed in this chapter are Marvell’s dialogue and debate poems, including ‘A Dialogue between Thyrsis and Dorinda’, ‘Clorinda and Damon’, ‘A Dialogue, Between the Resolved Soul, and Created Pleasure’, and ‘A Dialogue between the Soul and Body’.

A Feeding trial was conducted for sixteen weeks to evaluate nutrient utilization and growth performanceofcockerelsfedprocessedSennaobtusifoliamealbased-diets.Sixexperimental diets werecompounded tocontain 0%and20%eachoftheraw,boiled, soaked, sproutedand fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Data were collected on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Poor nutrient digestibility for crude protein (45.18%), nitrogen free extract (42.39%) and ether extract (49.22%) were recorded in the group of cockerels fed raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet. However, better nutrient digestibility for crude protein (76.23%), nitrogen free extract (67.62%) and ether extract (68.65%) digestibility was observed in the group of cockerel fed 0% Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet. Among the cockerels fed the processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diets, those fed the fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet showed better crude protein (75.08%), ether extract (68.65%) nitrogen free exract (67.62%) and crude fibre (32.78%) digestibility. The result of productive performance revealed a significantly (P

Antioxidants comprise a group of molecular systems that removes oxidizing agents potentially damaging biological and chemical environments. Since the oxidizing agents give rise to chemical reactions that can produce free radicals, which in turn lead the way to chain reactions that may damage cells, the removal of such oxidizing agents is inevitable in the living systems. Electronic structure calculations based on quantum chemistry provides a relatively good prediction of the molecular structure of biological antioxidants and it can be utilized to calculate molecular parameters, such as electron affinity, ionization potential, electronegativity, chemical potential, hardness, electrophilicity, and Fukui indices. From these a theoretical prediction is possible about the performance of an antioxidant. In this analysis one of the natural anti­oxidants leucocyanidin (C15H14O7) is selected and its performance is theoretically evaluated using different model chemistries. The chemical computations assert that leucocyanidin has an intrinsic nature of donating electrons and hence it can be regarded as a natural antioxidant.

A feeding trial was conducted for 16 weeks to evaluate the effects and cost-benefits of feeding raw or processed Senna obtusifolia (S. obtusifolia) seed meal based-diets on the laying performance of ISA brown laying hens. Six experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% S. obtusifolia seed meal (T1) and 20% each of the raw, boiled, soaked, sprouted and fermented S. obtusifolia seed meals designated as T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. One hundred and eighty (180) ISA brown laying hens aged 36 weeks were housed in battery cages (5 birds/0.95m2) and assigned to the six (6) dietary treatments in groups of thirty (30) birds in a completely randomized design. Each replicate cage contains 10 laying hens. Data were collected on feed intake, hen-day egg production (HDEP), hen-house egg production (HHEP), egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed cost per kilogram, feed cost per egg mass and mortality. The results indicated that the group of laying hens fed raw S. obtusifolia seed meal based diet recorded the lowest HDEP (52.42%), egg weight (53.08g) and egg mass (2782.45g). Among the hens fed the processed S. obtusifolia seed meal based diets, the laying hens fed the fermented S. obtusifolia seed meal based diet indicated significantly (p

Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are listed as least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list of Threatened Species, yet we lack knowledge on basic demographic parameters across much of the ocelot's geographic range, including population density. We used camera‐trapping methodology and spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) models with sex‐specific detection function parameters to estimate ocelot densities across 7 field sites over 1 to 12 years (from data collected during 2002–2015) in Belize, Central America. Ocelot densities in the broadleaf rainforest sites ranged between 7.2 and 22.7 ocelots/100 km2, whereas density in the pine (Pinus spp.) forest site was 0.9 ocelots/100 km2. Applying an inverse‐variance weighted average over all years for each broadleaf site increased precision and resulted in average density ranging from 8.5 to 13.0 ocelots/100 km2. Males often had larger movement parameter estimates and higher detection probabilities at their activity centers than females. In most years, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 50:50, but the pooled sex ratio estimated using an inverse weighted average over all years indicated a female bias in 1 site, and a male bias in another. We did not detect any population trends as density estimates remained relatively constant over time; however, the power to detect such trends was generally low. Our SECR density estimates were lower but more precise than previous estimates and indicated population stability for ocelots in Belize.