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We report the first precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the direction of proton momentum with respect to the neutron spin, in the reaction ^{3}He(n,p)^{3}H, using the capture of polarized cold neutrons in an unpolarized active ^{3}He target. The asymmetry is a result of the weak interaction between nucleons, which remains one of the least well-understood aspects of electroweak theory. The measurement provides an important benchmark for modern effective field theory and potential model calculations. Measurements like this are necessary to determine the spin-isospin structure of the hadronic weak interaction. Our asymmetry result is A_{PV}=[1.55±0.97(stat)±0.24(sys)]×10^{-8}, which has the smallest uncertainty of any hadronic parity-violating asymmetry measurement so far.

The magnetic scalar potential U(r⃗) has an intuitive physical interpretation, representing the electric current I = ΔU, which must be directed between any pair of isocontours along the boundary of a region, differing in potential by ΔU, in order to generate the corresponding magnetic intensity H⃗=-∇⃗U inside the region with no tangential component outside the boundary. This physical significance is exploited to invert the design process of hermetic (fringeless) electromagnetic coils from standard iterative techniques (calculating the magnetic field of refined current distributions) to a procedure for calculating the exact surface currents required to generate a given field configuration. A practical construction algorithm is given to produce the prescribed field in a "Target" region (constrained only by Maxwell's equations) while confining the fringe field to a specified hermetic "Return" region. Example coils are analyzed along with a discussion of the limits of precision of the constructed field.

We report the first observation of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry A_{γ}^{np} in neutron-proton capture using polarized cold neutrons incident on a liquid parahydrogen target at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A_{γ}^{np} isolates the ΔI=1, ^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1} component of the weak nucleon-nucleon interaction, which is dominated by pion exchange and can be directly related to a single coupling constant in either the DDH meson exchange model or pionless effective field theory. We measured A_{γ}^{np}=[-3.0±1.4(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-8}, which implies a DDH weak πNN coupling of h_{π}^{1}=[2.6±1.2(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-7} and a pionless EFT constant of C^{^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1}}/C_{0}=[-7.4±3.5(stat)±0.5(syst)]×10^{-11} MeV^{-1}. We describe the experiment, data analysis, systematic uncertainties, and implications of the result.

This paper reviews the literature of formal mentoring programs in organizational settings. Additionally, the components of mentoring, how it works, and how it can be implemented in an organization is addressed. Further this paper also proposes that formal mentoring is possible in organizations. Formal mentoring will be shown to be less effective than informal mentoring. Furthermore, it will be shown that formal organizational mentoring can be effective to meet the needs for all employees to have the opportunity to be mentored, to learn from the wisdom, experience and mistakes of others, and to increase the protege’s career opportunities.

This article focuses on the empirical effects of cognitive differentiation and persuasive skills on transformational, transaction, and laissez-faire leadership. Subjects (N = 294) completed measures of independent and dependent variables. Findings confirmed prior findings, however findings some reflected differences. Cognitive differentiation was positively related to transformation leadership (r = .16, p = .038), unrelated to transactional leadership (r = -.02, ns), and negatively related to laissez-faire leadership (r = -.22, p = .002). Findings were nearly identical for the persuasive skills variable showing a positive relationship with transformational leadership (r = .19, p = .021), no relationship with transactional leadership (r = -.007, ns), and negatively related to laissez-faire leadership (r = .27, p = .001). In a regression analysis cognitive differentiation and persuasive skills accounted for 5.4% of the unique variance of transformation leadership (F = 4.02, df = 2,139, p = .02). Implications to leadership educators were discussed.

The effects of innovation on leadership abilities have not been widely investigated. Although diffusion of innovation theory has existed for some time, there is a need for more research detailing the relationship between innovation and transformational leadership. In a survey of organizational members (N = 294), innovation was significantly related to all subscales of transformational leadership. The relationship between innovation and transactional leadership was generally not significant, and the relationship with laissez-faire leadership was inverse and significant. Implications emerging from the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation are discussed, including the distinction between the champion and “techie” styles of innovation and their basis in leadership activity.

Executive Summary Graduate level education in professional degree programs, such as organizational leadership, is changing and evolving rapidly. As consumers demand non-traditional scheduling arrangements and mediated "any time, any place" learning, educational institutions have had to look at these options. This study explored the nature of graduate education in organizational leadership considering specifically the program focus, the characteristics, the faculty, costs, and delivery methods utilized. Based on the data gathered by reviewing more than 40 degree programs, there are clear indications that educational institutions are beginning to meet the needs of the non-traditional learner. Given the evolution of higher education, more specific research should be conducted.

A parcel of land just south of Ottawa at Gloucester has been the site of an unusual amount of geotechnical research over the past 45 years. The parcel was recently to have been placed on the open real estate market but has been saved for scientific purposes and is now designated as "Canadian Geotechnical Research Site No. 1 at Gloucester". This paper presents an outline of the research that has been conducted at the site, in four general divisions, namely compressibility, strength, deformation, and soil property improvement. It is hoped that the site will stimulate the development and evaluation of new tools and techniques, foster scientific cooperation and information exchange, and allow the results of research involving the site to improve the state of practice, education, and research.Key words: sensitive clay, compressibility research, strength research, deformation research, soil improvement research.

Analysis of the 1992 Presidential debates showed significant differences between candidates across all debates. There was also a difference in the incidence of humor among the three debates. It was noted that the effects of a third party candidate and alternative debate formats need further research.

This paper describes the settlements of three heavy silo structures at two cement plants located along the south arm of the Fraser River delta. In this area, it has not been possible to obtain sufficiently undisturbed samples for reliable consolidation tests, and it has been necessary therefore to employ in situ tests and site improvement techniques such as preloading and vibrocompaction for the design of foundations. In some cases, piles were used to redistribute heavy loads. Observations during the past 35 years have shown that most of the consolidation settlement has occurred in a deep layer of marine sediments and that it is largely completed within 10 years of the loading. Key words: case record, consolidation, foundation performance, in situ tests, preloading, settlements, site improvement.

We report new measurements of the neutron charge form factor at low momentum transfer using quasielastic electrodisintegration of the deuteron. Longitudinally polarized electrons at an energy of 850 MeV were scattered from an isotopically pure, highly polarized deuterium gas target. The scattered electrons and coincident neutrons were measured by the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) detector. The neutron form factor ratio GEn/GMn was extracted from the beam-target vector asymmetry AedV at four-momentum transfers Q2=0.14, 0.20, 0.29, and 0.42 (GeV/c)2.

We report the first precision measurement of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio from spin-dependent elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized hydrogen internal gas target. The measurement was performed at the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring over a range of four-momentum transfer squared Q2 from 0.15 to 0.65 (GeV/c)(2). Significantly improved results on the proton electric and magnetic form factors are obtained in combination with existing cross-section data on elastic electron-proton scattering in the same Q2 region.

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.

Touch is an important aspect of nonverbal behavior. Important aspects of the relationship of gender and sex roles with same-sex touch were highlighted. 259 subjects participated in the procedure, yielding a significant difference between men and women on same-sex touch. Further, androgyny was significantly correlated with ratings on the Same-sex Touching Scale. Specific conclusions regarding these findings were discussed.

This case record shows that when a surface load is applied to a sensitive, normally consolidated clay, the effective stresses increase rapidly to the measured preconsolidated stresses, and remain at that level while consolidation continues for several decades. Only after more than 30 years was there an indication that the in situ effective stresses were beginning to increase to their final value. These observations have important implications with respect to the design of foundations in such areas. Key words: consolidation, foundations, secondary consolidation, sensitive clay settlements, marine clay.

Full-scale field testing for the bearing capacity and stability of inclined footings with anchors was carried out on a colluvial slope near the east portal of the Rogers Pass tunnel in British Columbia. The 35° natural slope was composed of granular material with an angle of shearing resistance [Formula: see text]. A series of small footings (area 1.14 m2) was loaded with anchor loads only and one large footing (area 2.66 m2) was loaded with both anchor and vertical loads up to 2100 kN. Bearing capacity coefficients were back calculated and compared with coefficients from bearing capacity theories. Elastic and deformation moduli were calculated from load–displacement curves during loading and unloading and creep rates were observed at intervals during the tests. Key words: inclined footings, instrumentation, bearing capacity factors, soil anchors, natural slopes, colluvial soils, soil creep, deformation modulus, elastic modulus.

The rate at which soil specimens are compressed in the standard consolidation test is farther from reality than the rate of strain in any other test. For a short period after the application of a load increment the rate of compression may be several million times faster than that experienced in the field. This paper describes a series of tests carried out at constant rates of compression varying from 0.16 to 8 per cent per hour in which pore pressures were measured. The effective stress-compression curves are compared with an average curve obtained by incremental loading. Based on these results, it is concluded that the compressibility of this soil is dependent on the average rate of compression and that the soil structure has a substantial time-dependent resistance to compression. This time-dependent resistance may be expected to have a significant influence on computed permeability coefficients and field rates of consolidation.

Construction of the Empress Hotel began in 1904 on a site reclaimed from the sea. The combined load of the fill and the structure has caused several feet of compression in the underlying marine silty clay. Fortunately, settlement observations have been made regularly since1912 and the nature of the foundations and the structure allow reliable extrapolation back to the first loading. This paper describes the site, the applied loading, the settlements observed, and the results of laboratory tests on samples recently obtained. The observed primary and secondary consolidation settlements are compared with computed values.

Pore pressure measurements at the base and within undisturbed specimens of a sensitive clay during consolidation and shear indicate that membrane leakage is not serious for ordinary tests. A technique for measuring pressures within the specimen is described. In the soil tested, greater pore pressures were developed at the lower end of the specimen than in the center and this was attributed to end restraint. Because failure occurs near the bottom of the specimens, the pressure measured at the base plate is considered to be satisfactory for the computation of effective stresses at failure., Symposium on Laboratory Shear Testing of Soils, 9-11 September 1963, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

The problem of slope stability in the valleys of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers in eastern Canada is complicated by the unusual properties of the marine clay that occurs in the region. This ''extra-sensitive'' clay liquefies when it is disturbed from its natural state, and this characteristic complicates both the testing of the soil and soft sediments and the field analysis of its performance. It is necessary for design purposes, therefore, to rely on the study of case records until knowledge of the engineering properties of the material improves. The description of the Nicolet slide is presented as a case record together with suggestions of the geological factors that contributed to the instability. The actual failure is attributed to construction work proceeding at the time. (Author)

The variation of the temperature of the soil, throughout the year and at different depths below ground surface,might seem to be a scientific curiosity of little practical interest to the water works engineer until the relationof soil temperature to the freezing of water pipes is appreciated. The freezing of water in buried mains is due,largely, to the cooling of the surrounding soil below the freezing point of water. This cooling is but one particular feature of a general pattern of the changing soil temperature profile as the effect of winter air temperatures is felt beneath the surface of the ground.

Permafrost, or perennially frozen ground, occurs widely throughout the northern half of Canada. Experience has shown that special design and construction techniques are required for building on permafrost in order to avoid disturbing the delicate thermal balance that preserves the frozen ground. The state of knowledge is reviewed with respect to site investigations, foundation designs, water supply and sewage disposal, the construction of transportation facilities, and the influence of surface flooding, drainage and other disturbances on the ground thermal regime. Attention is drawn to an extensive literature and research needs are outlined.

Walker and Raymond (1969) discuss a factor that may have considerable influence on the consolidation of soft clays under field loadings: the variation of shearing stresses throughout the soil mass. Their experimental results on Leda Clay show only a small increase in compression index due to an increase in deviatoric stress (Fig. 2 of the paper) indicating that this material may not exhibit a state boundary surface (or yield surfaces) of the shape implied by the idealization presented in Fig. 1 of the paper. The effect of increased deviatoric stress on the rate of pore pressure dissipation (Fig. 4 of the paper), however, appears to be of major significance but is a result isolated from the theoretical considerations ~resented. The writers find the data and disI cussion presented in the paper both informative and interesting, but would like to make the following points with regard to the interpretation of the results: In an oedometer test the condition of no lateral strain requires that the dilatancy d v / d ~ = 1 S. If this value is used in conjunction with stress-dilatancy relations presented in Fig. 8 of the paper it might be inferred that 7 varies. from a value greater than unity to about 0.75 as p increases from 0.6 kg/cmVo 4 kg/cm2. Since KO = u ' ~ / u ' ~ = (3 7) / (3 + 27) the stress-dilatancy relations appear to predict that KO would increase roughly from 0.3 to 0.5 over the same range of mean normal stress. Do the authors support this interpretation? It would seem that KO should decrease with increased pressure for a lightly overconsolidated soil. The writers do not agree with the conclusion, drawn by the authors with reference to Fig. 9, that "the plastic strain-increment ratio was shown to be a unique function of effective stress ratio." The irrecoverable deformations during the undrained phase of the tests are not considered and the possible effect of stress path has not been investigated. The experimental data in Fig. 9 appear to represent a particular flow relation during secondary compression and may be useful in predicting secondary deformations in situ.