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3. Neuraxial labor analgesia: Maintenance techniques

Author

Elliott C. Callahan, Stephanie Lim, and Ronald B. George

Subjects
Analgesia, Epidural, Analgesics, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Analgesia, Obstetrical, Humans, Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Female, Anesthetics, Local
Abstract

Since the advent of neuraxial analgesia for labor, approaches to maintaining intrapartum pain relief have seen significant advancement. Through pharmacologic innovations and improved drug delivery mechanisms, current neuraxial labor analgesia maintenance techniques have been shaped by efforts to maximize patient comfort during the birthing process, while minimizing undesirable side effects and promoting the unimpeded progress of labor. To these ends, a modern anesthesiologist may avail themselves of several techniques, including programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and dilute concentration local anesthetic + opioid epidural solutions. We explore the historical development and the evidential underpinnings of these techniques, in addition to several contemporary neuraxial labor analgesia practices. We also summarize current understanding of the effects these interventions have on maternal/fetal health and the labor course, as well as several important aspects of analgesic safety and monitoring.

Published
2022
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8. The Mini-CAPTAIN liquid argon time projection chamber

Author

C. Sterbenz, R. G. Van de Water, Y. Sun, E. Pantic, J. Shin, C. Mauger, L. W. Koerner, Y. Wang, A. Yarritu, M. B. Smy, G. T. Garvey, Keith Rielage, M. Gold, N. Dokania, J. Chaves, S. Locke, C. Yanagisawa, J. Yoo, W. C. Louis, M. Tzanov, Charles E. Taylor, Hui Wang, A. R. Sanchez, Todd Haines, H. S. Chen, A. Manalaysay, P. Madigan, S. Elliot, Robert Svoboda, Jeremy Danielson, I. Stancu, A. Karlin, B. Philipbar, C. McGrew, C. Callahan, Kun-Chun Lee, A. Mills, N. Kamp, N. Walsh, B. Bhandari, S. Gardiner, J. Maricic, S. M. Fernandes, R. L. Cooper, C. Grant, S. Martynenko, Veljko Radeka, G. B. Mills, J. Mirabal-Martinez, J. Bian, C. Pitcher, Elena Guardincerri, Juan Ricardo Vidal Medina, J. Y. Ji, D. L. Danielson, M. J. Martinez, V. M. Gehman, R. W. Kadel, M. Rosen, W. Ketchum, G. Sinnis, K. Bilton, E. Martin, David B. Cline, A. Olivier, W. E. Sondheim, C. E. Tull, C. E. Thorn, F. Giuliani, S. Glavin, A. Teymourian, Q. Liu, P. J. Medina, John Ramsey, A. Higuera, and D. M. Lee

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Neutron measurement, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical physics, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Center (category theory), Photon detection system, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon detector, Other Physical Sciences, Liquid argon, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

This manuscript describes the commissioning of the Mini-CAPTAIN liquid argon detector in a neutron beam at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), which led to a first measurement of high-energy neutron interactions in argon. The Mini-CAPTAIN detector consists of a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with an accompanying photomultiplier tube (PMT) array sealed inside a liquid-argon-filled cryostat. The liquid argon is constantly purified and recirculated in a closed-loop cycle during operation. The specifications and assembly of the detector subsystems and an overview of their performance in a neutron beam are reported., 21 pages, 27 figures

Published
2021

9. [Diaphragmatic rupture and right ipsilateral intercostal hernia in chronic cough]

Author

E, Cloche, G, Dessertenne, J-C, Callahan, F, Pinquie, and J, Barbieux

Subjects
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Hernia, Cough, Chronic Disease, COVID-19, Humans, Middle Aged, Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital, Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic
Abstract

We are reporting the case of a 64-year-old patient with chronic cough who has been diagnosed with an intercostal hernia with pleural and hepatic content associated with a diaphragmatic hernia of non-traumatic origin.The patient was treated for an acutely febrile cough with signs of respiratory distress. Thoracic scan showed an intercostal hernia containing an encysted hematoma and a right anterior diaphragmatic hernia with epiploic content. The COVID PCR was negative. This is one of the rare reported cases of intercostal hernia associated with a homolateral diaphragmatic rupture. Visceral and thoracic surgery enabled treatment of the two hernial orifices by raphy as well as omentectomy of the necrotic omentum ascending to the right pulmonary hilum.These two parietal complications of chronic cough should be considered in case of intercostal flap or acute respiratory distress. Surgery must then be carried out as a matter of urgency to reduce the content of the hernias and treat the musculoaponeurotic dehiscent orifices.

Published
2021

10. Disruption of monocyte-macrophage differentiation and trafficking by a heme analog during active inflammation

Author

Rachel E M, Schaefer, Rosemary C, Callahan, Shaikh M, Atif, David J, Orlicky, Ian M, Cartwright, Andrew P, Fontenot, Sean P, Colgan, and Joseph C, Onyiah

Subjects
Inflammation, Mice, Macrophages, Animals, Heme, Colitis, Heme Oxygenase-1, Monocytes
Abstract

Heme metabolism is a key regulator of inflammatory responses. Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) is a heme analog and mimic that potently activates the NRF2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, especially in monocytes and macrophages. We investigated the influence of CoPP on inflammatory responses using a murine model of colitis. Surprisingly, conditional deletion of myeloid HO-1 did not impact the colonic inflammatory response or the protective influence of CoPP in the setting of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Rather, we reveal that CoPP elicits a contradictory shift in blood myeloid populations relative to the colon during active intestinal inflammation. Major population changes include markedly diminished trafficking of CCR2

Published
2021

12. The Politics and Power of Bob Dylan’s Live Performances : Play a Song for Me

Author

Erin C. Callahan, Court Carney, Erin C. Callahan, and Court Carney

Subjects
Popular music--History and criticism
Abstract

Ephemeral by nature, the concert setlist is a rich, if underexplored, text for scholarly research. How an artist curates a show is a significant aspect of any concert's appeal. Through the placement of songs, variations in order, or the omission of material, Bob Dylan's setlists form a meta-narrative speaking to the power and significance of his music. These essays use the setlists from concerts throughout Dylan's career to study his approach to his material from the 1960s to the 2020s. These chapters, from various disciplinary perspectives, illustrate how the concert setlist can be used as a source to explore many aspects of Dylan's public life. Finally, this collection provides a new method to examine other musicians across genres with an interdisciplinary approach to setlists and the selectivity of performance. Unique in its approach and wide-ranging scholarly methodology, this book deepens our understanding of Bob Dylan, the performer.

Published
2023

14. Pulmonary toxicity associated with pomalidomide

Author

Brett Ley, Brett M. Elicker, Elliott C. Callahan, J K Brown, S Gajic, and Paul D. Blanc

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary toxicity, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Antineoplastic Agents, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lung injury, Gastroenterology, Hypoxemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Pulmonary fibrosis, medicine, Humans, Lung, Multiple myeloma, Pneumonitis, business.industry, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pomalidomide, Thalidomide, Discontinuation, Infectious Diseases, medicine.symptom, Multiple Myeloma, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Pomalidomide, previously used to treat multiple myeloma, has been reported to cause acute pulmonary toxicity that improves with drug discontinuation. We present a case of delayed pneumonitis with persistent fibrosis associated with pomalidomide. A 61-year-old male treated with pomalidomide and corticosteroids presented with acute on chronic dyspnea, profound hypoxemia, and ground glass opacities on computerized tomographic imaging. Corticosteroid taper and discontinuation of pomalidomide resulted in clinical improvement, but with substantial residual pulmonary fibrosis. Given the temporal improvement, but not resolution, following discontinuation of an agent with an established propensity for lung injury, we attribute this presentation to pomalidomide toxicity.

Published
2018
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17. First Measurement of the Total Neutron Cross Section on Argon between 100 and 800 MeV

Author

M. J. Martinez, R. W. Kadel, A. Manalaysay, W. Ketchum, C. E. Thorn, H. S. Chen, M. Gold, C. Yanagisawa, J. Yoo, J. Shin, Q. Liu, Y. Wang, D. L. Danielson, N. Walsh, I. Stancu, P. J. Medina, S. Gardiner, J. Y. Ji, E. Pantic, Charles E. Taylor, Jeremy Danielson, L. W. Koerner, C. Sterbenz, N. Kamp, Keith Rielage, N. Dokania, A. Mills, S. Fernandes, M. Tzanov, Juan Ricardo Vidal Medina, S. Glavin, W. C. Louis, J. Mirabal-Martinez, M. Rosen, S. Locke, D. M. Lee, Kun-Chun Lee, F. Giuliani, R. L. Cooper, J. Bian, Elena Guardincerri, G. Sinnis, Y. Sun, S. Martynenko, A. Olivier, Veljko Radeka, S. R. Elliott, John Ramsey, K. Bilton, Robert Svoboda, C. Mauger, A. Teymourian, David B. Cline, A. R. Sanchez, A. Higuera, E. Martin, R. G. Van de Water, C. McGrew, D. Walker, J. Maricic, J. Chaves, B. Philipbar, A. Yarritu, W. E. Sondheim, C. E. Tull, Hui Wang, Todd Haines, C. Pitcher, V. M. Gehman, B. Bhandari, G. B. Mills, M. B. Smy, C. Callahan, A. Karlin, C. Grant, and G. T. Garvey

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Argon, Time projection chamber, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), chemistry, Neutron flux, Attenuation coefficient, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron cross section, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the neutron cross section on argon in the energy range of 100-800 MeV. The measurement was obtained with a 4.3-hour exposure of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector to the WNR/LANSCE beam at LANL. The total cross section is measured from the attenuation coefficient of the neutron flux as it traverses the liquid argon volume. A set of 2,631 candidate interactions is divided in bins of the neutron kinetic energy calculated from time-of-flight measurements. These interactions are reconstructed with custom-made algorithms specifically designed for the data in a time projection chamber the size of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector. The energy averaged cross section is $0.91 \pm{} 0.10~\mathrm{(stat.)} \pm{} 0.09~\mathrm{(sys.)}~\mathrm{barns}$. A comparison of the measured cross section is made to the GEANT4 and FLUKA event generator packages., Comment: 5 pages, 1 table, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2019

18. Modeling landscape connectivity for bobcats using expert‐opinion and empirically derived models: how well do they work?

Author

Derek J. A. Broman, Marianne K. Litvaitis, Rory P. Carroll, John A. Litvaitis, C. Callahan, and Gregory C. Reed

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Animal ecology, Biological dispersal, Mesocarnivore, business, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Landscape connectivity, Wildlife conservation
Abstract

Efforts to retain ecological connectivity have become a conservation priority to permit animal movements within home ranges, allow dispersal between populations and provide opportunities for animals to respond to climate change. We used expert-opinion and empirically derived models to investigate landscape connectivity at two spatial scales among bobcats Lynx rufus in New Hampshire, USA. Paths of marked bobcats were compared to random movements in the context of program CircuitScape. At the local scale (within home ranges), the empirical model (based on observations and telemetry locations) performed better than the expert-opinion model. At the regional scale (state of New Hampshire), both models identified urban development as a potential barrier; however, the models differed in predicting how specific natural features (e.g. mountains and large water bodies) and some roads affected bobcat movements. When compared with bobcat population structure based on genetic information, the expert-opinion model overestimated the influence of roads. Alternatively, the empirical model overestimated the influence of snow. Our findings indicate that the empirically based resistance model was better at describing landscape-scale effects, whereas the expert-opinion model provided a good understanding of gene flow at a regional scale. As such, both models may be considered complementary. Bobcats were sensitive to disruptions imposed by habitat fragmentation and thus may be a suitable focal species for evaluating the consequences of land-use changes on the regional suite of mesocarnivores.

Published
2016
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21. Anemia in Older Adults

Author

J Brian, Lanier, James J, Park, and Robert C, Callahan

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Humans, Anemia, Female, Ferrous Compounds, Middle Aged, Physical Examination, Aged
Abstract

Anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. Diagnostic cutoff values for defining anemia vary with age, sex, and possibly race. Anemia is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on laboratory testing. Patients may present with symptoms related to associated conditions, such as blood loss, or related to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, such as weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Causes of anemia in older adults include nutritional deficiency, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammation, and occult blood loss from gastrointestinal malignancy, although in many patients the etiology is unknown. The evaluation includes a detailed history and physical examination, assessment of risk factors for underlying conditions, and assessment of mean corpuscular volume. A serum ferritin level should be obtained for patients with normocytic or microcytic anemia. A low serum ferritin level in a patient with normocytic or microcytic anemia is associated with iron deficiency anemia. In older patients with suspected iron deficiency anemia, endoscopy is warranted to evaluate for gastrointestinal malignancy. Patients with an elevated serum ferritin level or macrocytic anemia should be evaluated for underlying conditions, including vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and malignancy. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. Symptomatic patients with serum hemoglobin levels of 8 g per dL or less may require blood transfusion. Patients with suspected iron deficiency anemia should be given a trial of oral iron replacement. Lower-dose formulations may be as effective and have a lower risk of adverse effects. Normalization of hemoglobin typically occurs by eight weeks after treatment in most patients. Parenteral iron infusion is reserved for patients who have not responded to or cannot tolerate oral iron therapy.

Published
2018

23. The buddy system: A randomized controlled experiment of the benefits and costs of dieting in pairs

Author

Anthony Rodriguez, Lauren C Callahan, Angela C. Incollingo Rodriguez, A. Janet Tomiyama, and Darby E. Saxbe

Subjects
Adult, 050103 clinical psychology, Diet, Reducing, Cost-Benefit Analysis, 050109 social psychology, Anxiety, Developmental psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Young Adult, Weight loss, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Interpersonal Relations, Controlled experiment, Disordered eating, Social Behavior, Applied Psychology, Depression, 05 social sciences, Social Support, Buddy system, Overweight, Treatment Outcome, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology, Dieting, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

A total of 67 pairs of female roommates were randomized into a diet condition: (1) both ate normally; (2) one dieted, the other ate normally; and (3) both dieted. Adherence, weight loss, anxiety, depression, disordered eating symptoms, and stress were measured. Dieters lost more weight than non-dieters, but average loss was

Published
2017

24. Survey of Organizational Research Climates in Three Research Intensive, Doctoral Granting Universities

Author

Eileen C. Callahan, Carol R. Thrush, Brian C. Martinson, James A. Wells, Terry A. May, Karen L. Klomparens, and Michelle Stickler

Subjects
Universities, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Ethics, Research, Education, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Quality (business), Students, Baseline (configuration management), media_common, Medical education, Descriptive statistics, Research, Communication, Socialization, Research integrity, Explained variation, Organisation climate, Faculty, Organizational Culture, Ethical leadership, Leadership, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

The Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SOuRCe) is a new instrument that assesses dimensions of research integrity climate, including ethical leadership, socialization and communication processes, and policies, procedures, structures, and processes to address risks to research integrity. We present a descriptive analysis to characterize differences on the SOuRCe scales across departments, fields of study, and status categories (faculty, postdoctoral scholars, and graduate students) for 11,455 respondents from three research-intensive universities. Among the seven SOuRCe scales, variance explained by status and fields of study ranged from 7.6% (Advisor–Advisee Relations) to 16.2% (Integrity Norms). Department accounted for greater than 50% of the variance explained for each of the SOuRCe scales, ranging from 52.6% (Regulatory Quality) to 80.3% (Integrity Inhibitors). It is feasible to implement this instrument in large university settings across a broad range of fields, department types, and individual roles within academic units. Published baseline results provide initial data for institutions using the SOuRCe who wish to compare their own research integrity climates.

Published
2014
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25. The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology and Strategies

Author

Collaboration, D, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, M, Adamowski, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adamson, P, Adinolfi, M, Ahmad, Z, Albright, C, Aliaga Soplin, L, Alion, T, Alonso Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alt, C, Anderson, J, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Ankowski, A, Anthony, J, Antonello, M, Antonova, M, Antusch, S, Aranda Fernandez, A, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Aristizabal Sierra, D, Arrieta Diaz, E, Asaadi, J, Ascencio, M, Asner, D, Athar, M, Auger, M, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, J, Backhouse, C, Baesso, P, Bagby, L, Bai, X, Baird, M, Balantekin, B, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Ballett, P, Balleyguier, L, Bambah, B, Band, H, Bansal, M, Bansal, S, Barenboim, G, Barker, G, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, N, Barrow, J, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bays, K, Bazo, J, Beacom, J, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Belver, D, Benekos, N, Benetti, P, Bercellie, A, Berman, E, Bernardini, P, Berner, R, Berns, H, Bernstein, R, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Bhatnagar, V, Bhattacharjee, M, Bhuyan, B, Biagi, S, Bian, J, Biery, K, Bilki, B, Bishai, M, Bitadze, A, Blackburn, T, Blake, A, Blanco Siffert, B, Blaszczyk, F, Blaufuss, E, Blazey, G, Blennow, M, Blucher, E, Bocean, V, Boffelli, F, Boissevain, J, Bolognesi, S, Bolton, T, Bonesini, M, Boone, T, Booth, A, Booth, C, Bordoni, S, Borkum, A, Boschi, T, Bour, P, Bourguille, B, Boyd, S, Boyden, D, Bracinik, J, Brailsford, D, Brandt, A, Bremer, J, Brice, S, Bromberg, C, Brooijmans, G, Brooke, J, Brown, G, Buchanan, N, Budd, H, de Holanda, P, Cai, T, Caiulo, D, Calafiura, P, Calatayud, A, Calcutt, J, Callahan, C, Calligarich, E, Calvo, E, Camilleri, L, Caminata, A, Campanelli, M, Cancelo, G, Cankocak, K, Cantini, C, Caratelli, D, Carlus, B, Carneiro, M, Caro Terrazas, I, Carroll, T, Carvallo, M, Cascella, M, Castromonte, C, Catano-Mur, E, Cavalli-Sforza, M, Cavanna, F, Cazzato, E, Centro, S, Cerati, G, Cervelli, A, Cervera Villanueva, A, Cervi, T, Chalifour, M, Chappuis, A, Chatterjee, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chaves, J, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cherdack, D, Chi, C, Childress, S, Cho, K, Choubey, S, Choudhary, B, Christensen, A, Christian, D, Christodoulou, G, Christofferson, C, Church, E, Clarke, P, Coan, T, Cocco, A, Collin, G, Conley, E, Conrad, J, Convery, M, Corey, R, Corwin, L, Cotte, P, Cremonesi, L, Crespo-Anadón, J, Creus Prats, J, Cristaldo, E, Crivelli, P, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Crowley, C, Cuesta, C, Curioni, A, Cussans, D, Dabrowski, M, Dale, D, Da Motta, H, Davenne, T, Davenport, E, Davies, G, Davies, J, Davini, S, Dawson, J, De, K, Decowski, M, Dedin Neto, P, de Icaza Astiz, I, Delbart, A, Delepine, D, Delgado, M, Dell, A, de Mello Neto, J, Demuth, D, Deng, Z, Dennis, S, Densham, C, De Bonis, I, De Gouvêa, A, De Jong, P, De Lurgio, P, De Rijck, S, De Roeck, A, de Vries, J, Dharmapalan, R, Dhingra, N, Diamantopoulou, M, Diaz, F, Díaz, J, Diaz Bautista, G, Ding, P, Distefano, C, Diwan, M, Di Domizio, S, Di Giulio, L, Di Luise, S, Djurcic, Z, Doizon, F, Dokania, N, Dolinski, M, Dong, R, dos Anjos, J, Douglas, D, Drake, G, Duchesneau, D, Duffy, K, Dung, B, Dutta, D, Duvernois, M, Duyang, H, Dvornikov, O, Dwyer, D, Dye, S, Dyshkant, A, Dytman, S, Eads, M, Eberly, B, Edmunds, D, Eisch, J, Elagin, A, Elliott, S, Ellsworth, W, Elnimr, M, Emery, S, Eno, S, Ereditato, A, Escobar, C, Escudero Sanchez, L, Evans, J, Ezeribe, A, Fahey, K, Falcone, A, Falk, L, Farbin, A, Farnese, C, Farzan, Y, Fasoli, M, Fava, A, Felix, J, Fernandez-Martinez, E, Fernandez Menendez, P, Ferraro, F, Feyzi, F, Fields, L, Filkins, A, Filthaut, F, Finch, A, Fischer, O, Fitton, M, Fitzpatrick, R, Flanagan, W, Fleming, B, Flight, R, Forest, T, Fowler, J, Fox, W, Franc, J, Francis, K, Franchini, P, Franco, D, Freeman, J, Freestone, J, Fried, J, Friedland, A, Fuess, S, Furic, I, Furmanski, A, Gago, A, Gallagher, H, Gallego-Ros, A, Galymov, V, Gamberini, E, Gambetta, S, Gamble, T, Gandhi, R, Gandrajula, R, Gao, S, Garcia-Gamez, D, Gardiner, S, Gastler, D, Gehrlein, J, Gelli, B, Gendotti, A, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z, Ghosh, A, Gibin, D, Gil-Botella, I, Girerd, C, Giri, A, Glavin, S, Goeldi, D, Gogota, O, Gold, M, Gollapinni, S, Gollwitzer, K, Gomes, R, Gomez, L, Gomez Bermeo, L, Gomez Cadenas, J, Gong, H, Gonnella, F, Gonzalez-Cuevas, J, Goodman, M, Goodwin, O, Gorbunov, D, Goswami, S, Goudzovski, E, Grace, C, Graf, N, Graham, M, Gramellini, E, Gran, R, Grant, A, Grant, C, Grant, N, Greco, V, Green, S, Greenlee, H, Greenler, L, Greenwood, M, Greer, J, Griffith, W, Groh, M, Grudzinski, J, Grzelak, K, Guanghua, G, Guardincerri, E, Guarino, V, Guedes, G, Guenette, R, Guglielmi, A, Guo, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Guthikonda, K, Gutierrez, R, Guzowski, P, Guzzo, M, Habig, A, Hackenburg, R, Hackenburg, A, Hackett, B, Hadavand, H, Haenni, R, Hahn, A, Haigh, J, Haines, T, Haiston, J, Hamernik, T, Hamilton, P, Han, J, Handler, T, Hans, S, Harris, D, Hartnell, J, Hasegawa, T, Hatcher, R, Hatzikoutelis, A, Hays, S, Hazen, E, Headley, M, Heavey, A, Heegerv, K, Heise, J, Hennessy, K, Henry, S, Hernandez, A, Hernandez-Garcia, J, Herner, K, Hewes, J, Hignight, J, Higuera, A, Hill, T, Hillier, S, Himmel, A, Hohl, C, Holin, A, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Horton-Smith, G, Hostert, M, Hourlier, A, Howard, B, Howell, R, Huang, J, Hugon, J, Hurh, P, Hylen, J, Illingworth, R, Insler, J, Introzzi, G, Ioannisian, A, Izmaylov, A, Jaffe, D, James, C, James, E, Jang, C, Jediny, F, Jeong, Y, Jhingan, A, Ji, W, Jipa, A, Jiménez, S, Johnson, C, Johnson, M, Johnson, R, Johnstone, J, Jones, B, Jones, S, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jung, C, Junk, T, Kaboth, A, Kadenko, I, Kamiya, F, Kamyshkov, Y, Karagiorgi, G, Karasavvas, D, Karyotakis, Y, Kasai, S, Kasetti, S, Kaur, K, Kayser, B, Kazaryan, N, Kearns, E, Keener, P, Kemp, E, Kendziora, C, Ketchum, W, Kettell, S, Khabibullin, M, Khotjantsev, A, Kim, D, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Klein, J, Ko, Y, Kobilarcik, T, Kocaman, B, Koerner, L, Kohn, S, Koizumi, G, Koller, P, Kopylov, A, Kordosky, M, Kormos, L, Kosc, T, Kose, U, Kostelecký, V, Kothekar, K, Kramer, M, Krennrich, F, Kreslo, I, Kriesel, K, Kropp, W, Kudenko, Y, Kudryavtsev, V, Kulagin, S, Kumar, J, Kumar, L, Kumar, A, Kumbhare, S, Kuruppu, C, Kus, V, Kutter, T, Lazur, R, Lande, K, Lane, C, Lang, K, Langford, T, Lanni, F, Lasorak, P, Last, D, Lastoria, C, Laundrie, A, Lazanu, I, Le, T, Learned, J, Lebrun, P, Lee, D, Lehmann Miotto, G, Leigui de Oliveira, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liao, H, Lin, S, Lin, C, Linehan, R, Linhart, V, Link, J, Liptak, Z, Lissauer, D, Littenberg, L, Littlejohn, B, Liu, J, Liu, T, Lomonaco, L, Losecco, J, Lockwitz, S, Lockyer, N, Loew, T, Lokajicek, M, Long, K, Loo, K, Lopez, J, Lorca, D, Lord, T, Losada, M, Louis, W, Luethi, M, Luk, K, Lundin, T, Luo, X, Lurkin, N, Lux, T, Luzio, V, Lykken, J, Maalampi, J, Maclellan, R, Machado, A, Machado, P, Macias, C, Macier, J, Madigan, P, Magill, S, Mahler, G, Mahn, K, Malek, M, Maloney, J, Mammoliti, F, 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Sergiampietri, D. Sessumes, K. Sexton, L. Sexton-Kennedy, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, J. S. Shahi, S. Shahsavarani, P. Shanahan, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, V. Singh, J. Singh, I. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. L. Snider, P. Snopok, J. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, W. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. A. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, A. Stefanik, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, J. Stock, F. Stocker, S. Stoica, J. Stone, J. Strait, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, G. Sullivan, M. Sultana, Y. Sun, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, N. Tagg, R. Talaga, H. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, L. F. Thompson, J. Thompson, C. Thorn, A. Timilsina, S. C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, T. Tope, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tórtola, F. Tortorici, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, M. Tripathi, W. Tromeur, I. Tropin, W. H. Trzaska, Y. -T. Tsai, K. V. Tsang, A. Tsaris, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, J. Turner, M. Tzanov, E. Tziaferi, Y. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, L. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, R. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, F. Varanini, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, M. Vermeulen, E. Vernon, M. Verzocchi, T. Viant, C. Vignoli, S. Vihonen, C. Vilela, B. Viren, P. Vokac, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, D. Wahl, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, T. -C. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, W. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, K. Wierman, M. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. Willhite, Z. Williams, R. J. Wilson, P. Wilson, P. Wittich, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, S. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xu, C. Yanagisawa, S. Yang, T. Yang, G. Yang, J. Ye, M. Yeh, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, L. Yoshimura, B. Yu, J. Yu, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, K. Zaremba, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, Y. -L. Zhou, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska

Abstract

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.

Published
2018

28. Optic disc haemorrhages at baseline as a risk factor for poor outcome in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial

Author

Andrew R. Harrison, Judith Oakley, William Hall, Madhura A. Tamhankar, Kristi Cumming, Maureen Flanagan, Barbara Barrett, Allison Jensen, Lanning B. Kline, Yanina O'Neil, Sophia M. Chung, Laura D. Cook, Katy Tai, Kimberley Wegner, Lourdes Fagan, Margaret Padilla, Caryl Tongco, Vivian Rismondo-Stankovich, Rachel A Hollar, Maureen G. Maguire, Michael S. Lee, Roger E. Turbin, Larry Preston, Jeff Boring, Mays A. El-Dairi, Roy McDonald, Lynn Bannon, Rosa A. Tang, Susan Ward, Ann Stoutenburg, Robert Honkanen, Kimberly Du Page, Sheree Newland, Gregory P. Van Stavern, Cynthia I. Guede, M. Michaele Hartnett, H. Logan Brooks, Patrick A. Sibony, Valerie Davis, Carlos Filipe Chicani, Karen Tobias, Lauren B. Krupp, Sanjay Kedhar, Karen Civitelli, Donna H. Kim, Karen Helles, Kathryn Boschert, Reid Longmuir, Flora Levin, Martin ten Hove, Y. Trigo, Karen Capaccioli, Marianne Medura, Mary Kemp, C. Callahan, Laura J. Frishman, J. Paul Dickinson, Sheri Drossner, Betty Kovacs, Hua He, Erika Perez, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Adriana Breen, Byron L. Lam, Cristi Bryant, Danielle S Rudich, Yu Fei Tu, Richard A. Mills, Trisha Mary Chiasson, Rachelle Watts, Judith E. A. Warner, Danielle J Harvey, David I. Kaufman, Mary Mladek, Ellen Arnold, Robert L. Lesser, Sandra Baptista-Pires, Arthur Watts, Nichole McMullen, Lori Cooke, Rajeev S. Ramchandran, Jamie Kambarian, Jeannie Reimer, Vanessa Bergman, Alexis Morante, Rebecca Salvo, Joanne Katz, Noreen McClain, Laura Leming, David M. Katz, Sue Heaton, Mark Chilton, Jim Farmer, Anastas F. Pass, William L. Hills, James J. Corbett, Paul N. Hoffman, Valérie Biousse, Joan DuPont, John E. Carter, John S. Werner, Bonnie Carlstrom, Bradley J. Katz, Prem S. Subramanian, O. Iyore Ayanru, Elizabeth A. M. Windsor, John B. Selhorst, Megan Grosso, Karen Searcey, Pravin Patel, Bobbie Lewis, Liat Gantz, Joshua Pasol, Beau B. Bruce, Syndee Givre, Alex Yang, Bradley K. Farris, Marc R. Criden, Beena Gangadharan, Melissa Rivas, Carlos Bazan, Andrew Pearson, Charles G. Maitland, Sami Khella, Julie Falardeau, Jonathan Lo, William Fisher, Steven A. Newman, Kimberly James, Edward Miretsky, Christine Matera, Andres Sanchez, Tracy Asbury, Robert J. Granadier, Steven E. Katz, Aravinda Rao, John H. Pula, Peter Macdowell, Alan Lyon, R. Michael Siatkowsk, Craig Simms, Richard Weil, Alexandra Martinez, Christine Hannigan, Kim Plumb, Mary Barnett, Dawn M. Govreau, Robert Gerwin, Madiha Siddiqui, Kenneth M. Carnes, Ursula Bator, Rebecca L. Armour, Lori Higginbotham, Deborah I. Friedman, Dorothea Castillo, Jorge C. Kattah, Stephanie A. Morris, Xin Tu, Randy H. Kardon, Maria Cecilia Santiago-Turla, Marisol Ragland, Amanda Ribeiro, Joan Smith, Karen Skrine, Kristina Holbrook, M. Tariq Bhatti, Janet C. Rucker, Jeri Nickerson, Patrick S. O'Connor, Diane Brown, Kamella Zimmerman, Linda Curtis, Tammy Keenan, Jody Fissgus, Sylvia Ramos, Daniel Jacob Mojica, Nathalie Gintowt, Kammerin White, Mike Hanson, Joel Kramer, Paul Comeau, Potyra R. Rosa, Heather Miller, Priscilla Cajavilca, Dean M. Cestari, Michael Wall, Lorena Dominguez, Peter A. Quiros, Deepali Rajguru, Neil R. Miller, Penni Bye, Anne Kao, Marie D. Acierno, Joan Fish, Sarah Brett, Anne Haroldsen, Steven O'Dell, Renee B Van Stavern, Thomas Goddard, Violete Perez, William A. Fletcher, Ruth Tenzler, Joseph Andrezik, Steven Hamilton, Cara Everhart, Michael S. Vaphiades, Jan Bausch, Eugene May, Kenneth S. Shindler, Cynthia S. Mccarthy, Jennifer D. Verriotto, Holly Bacon, Helen Roemhild, John M. McGregor, Elizabeth Ann Moss, Ronda Gorsica, Nancy J. Newman, Mare Perevich, Luis J. Mejico, Victoria Snively, Judy Brower, Bev Olsen, Gina Coman, Jennifer Moore, Matthew J. Thurtell, Sherry Slayman Kellogg, Brian Vatcher, Josyane Dumser, William M. Hart, Neal Snebold, Timothy J. Martin, Kathleen B. Digre, Shan Gao, Jonathan Feistmann, Ann Marie Lavorna, Ilana Katz-Sand, Susan Allman, Radu Constantinescu, Lori A. Stec, Steven E. Feldon, Marcia Grillo, Brian Sherman, Anil D. Patel, Nathan McCarthy, La Toya Greene, Tammy Osentoski, Keisha Fuller, Tim Alperen, Jamie Walski, Chris R. Johnson, J. Banks Shepherd, Trina Eden, Kevin Na, Fiona Costello, Mary Lou Watson, Debbie Hamilton, Sachin Kedar, Judith Beck, Rudrani Banik, Amy Thomassie, Timothy L. Tytle, Jill Miller-Horn, Larry Frohman, Susan Rivera, John T. Lind, Barbara Hart, Debbie Baker, Andrea Inman, Stephanie Engelhard, Tippi Hales, Kari Steinmetz, Joseph F. Rizzo, Nubia Vega, Lupe Cisneros, Martha P. Schatz, Elisabeth Carter, Kimberly Cooley, Anne Holleschau, Mary Rose Buttice, Nicky R. Holdeman, George O'Gara, Burk Jubelt, Zoë R. Williams, Wendy Elasky, Janis Beall, Suresh Subramaniam, John L. Keltner, Melissa W. Ko, and Maria Guillermo Prieto

Subjects
Male, Retinal Ganglion Cells, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, Risk Factors, Photography, Treatment Failure, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Pseudotumor Cerebri, Hypertension treatment, Retinal Hemorrhage, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Sensory Systems, Exact test, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Optic nerve, Female, medicine.symptom, Optic disc, Papilledema, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Optic Disk, Vision Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Double-Blind Method, 030225 pediatrics, Ophthalmology, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Poor correlation, Risk factor, business.industry, eye diseases, Surgery, Cotton wool spots, Acetazolamide, Quality of Life, Visual Field Tests, Cerebrospinal fluid pressure, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background The risk of optic disc haemorrhages on visual outcome in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is unknown. We report the type and frequency of optic disc haemorrhages and other funduscopic abnormalities at baseline in the study eye of the 133 subjects enrolled in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial completing 6 months of follow-up. Methods We reviewed optic disc photographs to tabulate the frequency and type of optic disc haemorrhages, other funduscopic abnormalities and papilloedema grades of the study eye at baseline and analyse if their presence is associated with a poor visual outcome. Results 27.2% of subjects had nerve fibre layer haemorrhages in at least one eye. Five of seven, 71% of subjects that met criteria for treatment failure, had nerve fibre layer haemorrhages in at least one eye (Fisher9s exact test: p=0.02). There was a good correlation between presence of nerve fibre layer haemorrhages and Frisen grade (Spearman9s correlation, p=0.002; r=0.271). Subjects with nerve fibre layer haemorrhages had a higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure (40.0 mm water, p=0.04). There was poor correlation between nerve fibre layer haemorrhages at baseline and the perimetric mean deviation change at 6 months. Cotton wool spots were present in 4% of subjects, exudates in 3% and pseudodrusen in 4%. Conclusions Nerve fibre layer haemorrhages are common in patients with IIH with mild visual loss and correlate with the severity of the papilloedema. They occur more frequently in treatment failure subjects and therefore may be associated with poor visual outcomes. Trial registration number NCT01003639, Post-results.

Published
2016

30. Geomagnetic activity dependence of O+ in transit from the ionosphere

Author

J. D. Scudder, H. L. Collin, R.W. Winglee, B. C. Callahan, W. K. Peterson, Scot R. Elkington, and Laila Andersson

Subjects
Geomagnetic storm, Physics, Atmospheric Science, education.field_of_study, Mathematics::Commutative Algebra, Population, Plasma sheet, Flux, Magnetosphere, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Physics::Geophysics, Earth's magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Ionosphere, education, Ring current
Abstract

Energetic O+ ions have important dynamic effects on the ring current. Insights into the effects of O+ on ring current dynamics have come primarily from models, not observations. Here, we discuss observations of O+ populations escaping from the ionosphere and their access to the plasma sheet and ring current. We review data establishing that a significant flux of O+ escapes the ionosphere during geomagnetically quiet intervals. We then estimate the relative magnitude of the O+ population in transit between the ionosphere and ring current during quiet intervals before geomagnetic storms. Our analysis suggests that dynamic reconfigurations of the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms significantly alter the O+ transport paths from the ionosphere to the ring current. During these reconfigurations some of the pre-existing, quiet time, in-transit O+ populations are captured on magnetic field lines leading to the ring current. The prompt appearance of this O+ population in the ring current could modify the evolution of the ring current in the storm growth phase. Our analysis suggests that the consequences of an activity-dependent O+ transport path to the ring current should be systematically investigated.

Published
2009
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31. Same-Sex Marriage: Why It Matters—At Least for Now

Author

Joan C. Callahan

Subjects
Inclusion (disability rights), Injury control, business.industry, Accident prevention, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Poison control, Suicide prevention, 0506 political science, Gender Studies, Philosophy, 050903 gender studies, Law, 050602 political science & public administration, Institution, Same sex, Queer, Medicine, 0509 other social sciences, business, media_common
Abstract

This paper addresses the progressive, feminist critique of same-sex marriage as articulated by Claudia Card. Although agreeing with Card that the institution of marriage as we know it is profoundly morally flawed in its origins and effects, Callahan disagrees with Card's suggestion that queer activists in the United States should not be working for the inclusion of same-sex couples in the institution.

Published
2009
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34. Exposure to Salt and Organic Acids Increases the Ability ofListeria monocytogenesTo Invade Caco-2 Cells but Decreases Its Ability To Survive Gastric Stress

Author

Karen E. James, Kathryn J. Boor, Michelle C. Callahan, Martin Wiedmann, and Matthew R. Garner

Subjects
Sodium Acetate, Sodium, Colony Count, Microbial, chemistry.chemical_element, Sigma Factor, Sodium Chloride, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Sodium Lactate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Listeria monocytogenes, medicine, Sodium lactate, Humans, chemistry.chemical_classification, Gastric Juice, Ecology, biology, Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Caco-2, Food Microbiology, Caco-2 Cells, Growth inhibition, Sodium acetate, Gene Deletion, Bacteria, Food Science, Biotechnology, Organic acid
Abstract

The effects of environmental stress exposure onListeria monocytogenesgrowth and virulence-associated characteristics were investigated. Specifically, we measured the effects of temperature (7 or 37°C), pH (5.5 or 7.4), the presence of salt and organic acids (375 mM NaCl, 8.45 mM sodium diacetate [SD], 275 mM sodium lactate [SL], or a combination of NaCl, SD, and SL), and deletion ofsigB, which encodes a key stress response regulator, on the ability ofL. monocytogenesto grow, invade Caco-2 cells, and survive exposure to synthetic gastric fluid (pH 2.5 or 4.5). Our results indicate that (i)L. monocytogeneslog-phase generation times and maximum cell numbers are not dependent on the alternative sigma factor σBin the presence of NaCl and organic acids at concentrations typically found in foods; (ii) growth inhibition ofL. monocytogenesthrough the addition of organic acids is pH dependent; (iii) the ability ofL. monocytogenesto invade Caco-2 cells is affected by growth phase, temperature, and the presence of salt and organic acids, with the highest relative invasion capabilities observed for cells grown with SL or NaCl at 37°C and pH 7.4; (iv) growth ofL. monocytogenesin the presence of NaCl, SD, or SL reduces its ability to survive exposure to gastric fluid; and (v) exposure ofL. monocytogenesto gastric fluid reduces the enhanced invasiveness caused by growth in the presence of NaCl or SL. These findings suggest that virulence-associated characteristics that determine theL. monocytogenesinfectious dose are likely to be affected by food-specific properties (e.g., pH or the presence of salt or organic acid).

Published
2006
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35. Characterization of Background Concentrations in Upper Manhattan, New York Apartments for Select Contaminants Identified in World Trade Center Dust

Author

Dore Laposta, Kai M. Tang, Kathleen C. Callahan, Charles G. Nace, Mark Maddaloni, and Carol L. Lynes

Subjects
Gypsum, Aircraft, Air pollution, engineering.material, Dioxins, medicine.disease_cause, Urban area, Risk Assessment, Asbestos, Reference Values, Environmental monitoring, medicine, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Mineral Fibers, Persistent organic pollutant, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Construction Materials, Environmental engineering, World trade center, Dust, General Chemistry, Contamination, Lead, Air Pollution, Indoor, Housing, engineering, Environmental science, New York City, September 11 Terrorist Attacks, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Residential indoor concentration of asbestos, lead, synthetic vitreous fiber (SVF), crystalline silica, calcite, gypsum, dioxin, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 25 residences and 9 building-interior common areas in upper Manhattan, NY. This was done to characterize the background levels of contaminants, identified in dust related to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers, at locations that were minimally impacted by the dust fallout. The study was initiated due to the paucity of background concentrations on building-related materials and combustion byproducts in urban residential dwellings. Asbestos, lead, SVF, crystalline silica, and dioxin were detected at very low concentration at some locations, and many samples tested below their respective analysis detection limits. Almost all of the environmental samples for PAHs, calcite, gypsum, and certain other building materials tested below their respective analysis detection limits. A comparative analysis to the limited literature data showed general agreement with the values found in this study. This study provides insight into the levels of these contaminants in lower Manhattan residential buildings prior to the attack, and these data will serve to enhance the available database for characterizing indoor environments for these contaminants.

Published
2004
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36. Evaluation of Vacuum and Wet-Wipe Methods for Removal of World Trade Center Dust from Indoor Environments

Author

Dore Laposta, Kai M. Tang, Kathleen C. Callahan, Charles G. Nace, Donald R. Graham, Mark Maddaloni, James D. Harkay, Joseph D. Rotola, and Richard N. Koustas

Subjects
Pollution, Engineering, Aircraft, Vacuum, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Building material, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, medicine.disease_cause, Combustion, Asbestos, medicine, Particle Size, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, Waste management, business.industry, Wet wipe, Environmental engineering, Water, Dust, Contamination, Debris, humanities, Benchmarking, Air Pollution, Indoor, New York City, September 11 Terrorist Attacks, business
Abstract

The destruction of the buildings at the World Trade Center (WTC) complex dispersed dust and debris into the surrounding area. Pulverized building material made up most of the fallout and was intermixed with combustion byproducts of the aircraft and building contents. A study was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of several cleaning procedures in removing WTC-related contamination from lower Manhattan residences. The contaminants included asbestos, lead, dioxin/furans, synthetic vitreous fibers (fibrous glass), and crystalline silica. All cleaning procedures included the common elements of vacuuming and wet wiping with soap and water. This cleaning procedure combination is effective in reducing WTC-related contamination to below health-based benchmarks. Post-cleaning environmental test results suggested that airborne asbestos measurements can be used as a surrogate parameter in clearance determinations.

Published
2004
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37. Finite optical spot size and position corrections in thermal spring constant calibration

Author

Jason Cleveland, Roger Proksch, Roger C. Callahan, Tilman E. Schäffer, and Mario B. Viani

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Cantilever, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Optics, Mechanics of Materials, Position (vector), Spring (device), Thermal, Calibration, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Constant (mathematics), Equipartition theorem
Abstract

One of the most popular methods for calibrating the spring constant of an atomic force microscope cantilever is the thermal noise method. The usual implementation of this method has been to position the focused optical spot on or near the end of the cantilever, acquire a force curve on a hard surface to characterize the optical lever sensitivity and to then measure the thermal motion of the cantilever. The equipartition theorem then allows the spring constant to be calculated. In this work, we measured the spring constant as a function of the spot along the length of the cantilever. The observed systematic variation in the spring constant as a function of this position ranged from 15% for a short 60 μm cantilever up to 50% for a 225 μm cantilever we examined. In addition, the thermally calibrated spring constants systematically disagreed with spring constants calibrated using the Sader and Cleveland methods: by 50% for the short 60 μm cantilever and by 25% for the longest, 225 μm cantilever. By using a model that accounts for the spot diameter and position on the cantilever, the thermally measured spring constants were brought into better than 10% agreement with the other methods.

Published
2004
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38. The Scrub Revolution: From Hospital Uniform to Public Attire

Author

Bahinah C. Callahan and Ali Seifi

Subjects
Disinfection methods, business.industry, MEDLINE, Health knowledge, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, Nursing, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, business
Published
2016
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40. Learning theory and its application

Author

Underhill Moore and Charles C. Callahan

Subjects
Computational learning theory, business.industry, Computer science, Algorithmic learning theory, Learning theory, Reinforcement learning, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, business, computer, Action learning
Published
2015
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42. Why Alternative Medicine Cannot Be Evidence-based

Author

Mark R. Tonelli and Timothy C. Callahan

Subjects
Complementary Therapies, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Evidence-Based Medicine, Modalities, Evidence-based practice, Interpretation (philosophy), Population, Alternative medicine, MEDLINE, Context (language use), General Medicine, Causality, Education, Epistemology, Knowledge, Research Design, medicine, Humans, Psychology, education
Abstract

The concept of evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been widely adopted by orthodox Western medicine. Proponents of EBM have argued that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities ought to be subjected to rigorous, controlled clinical trials in order to assess their efficacy. However, this does not represent a scientific necessity, but rather is a philosophical demand: promoters of EBM seek to establish their particular epistemology as the primary arbiter of all medical knowledge. This claim is problematic. The methods for obtaining knowledge in a healing art must be coherent with that art's underlying understanding and theory of illness. Thus, the method of EBM and the knowledge gained from population-based studies may not be the best way to assess certain CAM practices, which view illness and healing within the context of a particular individual only. In addition, many alternative approaches center on the notion of non-measurable but perceptible aspects of illness and health (e.g., Qi) that preclude study within the current framework of controlled clinical trials. Still, the methods of developing knowledge within CAM currently have limitations and are subject to bias and varied interpretation. CAM must develop and defend a rational and coherent method for assessing causality and efficacy, though not necessarily one based on the results of controlled clinical trials. Orthodox medicine should consider abandoning demands that CAM become evidence-based, at least as "evidence" is currently narrowly defined, but insist instead upon a more complete and coherent description and defense of the alternative epistemic methods and tools of these disciplines.

Published
2001
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44. The age-related eye disease study (AREDS) system for classifying cataracts from photographs: AREDS report no. 4∗∗Members of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group are listed at the end of the article

Author

Don Doherty, I. Kivitz, V. Regan, R. Swords, C. Ma, R. G. Chenoweth, P. Lopez, David H. Orth, Aaron Kassoff, P. F. Ciatto, P. Streasick, A. Randall, Mary Zajechowski, S. Kieval, Tarek S Hassan, D. Armiger, Thomas R. Friberg, D. A. Bryant, Karl G. Csaky, Andrew W. Eller, John DuBois, S. A. McCarthy, C. Beardsley, P. Manatrey, Raymond R. Margherio, C. Callahan, F. McIver, Claudia Evans, Linda Curtis, S. Sandoval, Johanna M. Seddon, A. La-Reau, John Zilis, B. Lewis, J. C. Werner, B. Stribling, Roula Nashwinter, V. D. Crouse, J. Buehler, Donald Martin, A Jr Capone, G. Smith, G. Babilonia-Ayukawa, David I. Walsh, Y. J. Kim, E. Kuehl, Frederick L. Ferris, Kirk H. Packo, M. Haughey, Andrew P. Schachat, James Gilman, Richard F. Dreyer, Shannon Howard, B. Mack, M. S. Cox, George A. Williams, S. deBustros, N. Davis, R. Falk, Stuart G Parker, Daniel F. Martin, M. K. Paine, C. MacLeod, C. Bridges, L. M. Ayres, D. A. Jones-Devonish, L. Goodman, B. Myles, E. Y. Chew, Pauline T. Merrill, Chris Morrison, K. Cumming, Michael L. Klein, N. J. Rosenberg, I. Burton, D. Saperstein, F. Kaufman, P Jr Sternberg, Joseph E. Robertson, K. Hall Dabas, C. Stanley, Richard Mercer, Bruce R. Garretson, H. Crider, Dessie Koutsandreas, J. Civantos, M. Mehu, David J. Wilson, Judith Alexander, Alan J. Ruby, Michael B. Gorin, T. P. Flood, M. K. Pinnolis, L. Szydlowski, Michael T. Trese, J. Kassoff, K. K. Snow, M. Eglow, and P. Patel

Subjects
Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cataracts, business.industry, medicine, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, medicine.disease, business
Published
2001
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46. [Untitled]

Author

Patricia K. Jennings and Joan C. Callahan

Subjects
Gynecology, Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), business.industry, Health Policy, Public health, Psychological intervention, Public policy, medicine.disease, Health informatics, Multiple Gestation, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Philosophy of medicine, Family medicine, Well-being, medicine, business
Abstract

Multiple gestations, or multifetal pregnancies,raise a number of significant policy questionsconcerning the well being of women and the wellbeing of the children fetuses might become.Important questions for feminists pertain notonly to multifetal pregnancy itself, but alsoto the medical interventions associated withthese pregnancies. In this paper, we addressthe questions of how many embryos should betransferred in assisted reproduction, how manyfetuses should remain in a multiple gestation,who should make these decisions, and the needto protect women from overexposure to exogenoushormones. Although we focus on assistedreproduction in the United States, we believethat our suggestions are applicable to othercountries where the technology is comparable.

Published
2001
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49. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)

Author

C. Ma, B. Stribling, D. Koutsandreas, R. Swords, T. LaRean, L. Curtis, S. Wheeler, M. Chicca, C. Sackett, S. Kieval, S. Schenning, J. Buehler, M. J. Elman, M. Goldberg, D. A. Bryant, M. Mehu, Michael B. Gorin, H. Crider, D. A. Jones-Devonish, David H. Orth, R. F. Dreyer, J. S. Sunness, P. F. Ciatto, P. Streasick, J. C. Werner, L. Szydlowski, S. H. Sherman, A. Ruby, A. S. Lindblad, J. Dubois, I. Kivitz, C. Callahan, L. Ratner, J. Alexander, Thomas R. Friberg, J. A. Haller, R. Ballinger, Dan Martin, James Gilman, T. P. Flood, J. Civantos, M. K. Pinnolis, Dennis Cain, C. Evans, K. Csaky, N. Davis, F. Kaufman, A. Betancourt, C. Morrison, S. B. Bressler, D. Emmert, M. S. Cox, G. Cassel, M. Eglow, T. Hassan, K. K. Snow, R. Falk, Ja Kim Young Ja Kim, D. Walsh, T. M. Aaberg, L. Goodman, D. Saperstein, Andrew Schachat, David B. Glasser, K. Cumming, J. Lammlein, P. Manatrey, A. Randall, A. Kassoff, J. M. Seddon, R. Mercer, B. Myles, B. Mack, C. MacLeod, D. Doherty, I. Burton, P. Lopez, S. Sandoval, P Jr Sternberg, V. D. Crouse, George A. Williams, Frederick L. Ferris, E. Y. Chew, V. Regan, Andrew W. Eller, S. A. McCarthy, Kirk H. Packo, A Jr Capone, S. deBustros, K. H. Dabas, L. M. Ayres, M. Zajechowski, T. George, Michael T. Trese, B. Garretson, E. Kuehl, R. R. Margherio, Neil M. Bressler, and C. Beardsley

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Psychological intervention, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Clinical trial, Natural history, Ophthalmology, Medicine, business, Prospective cohort study, Intensive care medicine, Natural history study
Abstract

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was initially conceived as a long-term multicenter, prospective study of the clinical course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-related cataract. Data on progression rates and risk factors from the study will increase understanding of the clinical course of both conditions, generate hypotheses about etiology, and aid in the design of clinical trials of potential interventions. In addition to collecting natural history data, AREDS includes a clinical trial of high-dose vitamin and mineral supplements for AMD and a clinical trial of high-dose vitamin supplements for cataract. The clinical trials were initiated largely because of the widespread public use in the United States of commercially available pharmacologic doses of vitamins and minerals to treat these two eye conditions and the absence of definitive studies on the safety and efficacy of their use. Important design issues for the clinical trials include: defining cataract and AMD, estimating event rates, determining the type and dosage of vitamins and minerals to be tested for each condition, and identifying the parameters necessary for monitoring safety and efficacy. This paper describes the AREDS design, including the study rationale and operational structure, and the approach adopted to combine, for two diseases, clinical trials with a natural history study. Control Clin Trials 1999;20:573–600

Published
1999
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50. [Untitled]

Author

Gaia Georgopoulos, Bert C. Callahan, and Robert E. Eilert

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chirurgie orthopedique, business.industry, Radiography, General Medicine, Scoliosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, El Niño, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Lumbar spine, business, Congenital scoliosis
Abstract

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 10 consecutive patients treated with hemivertebral excision for congenital scoliosis at The Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, between 1982 and 1992. Follow-up consisted of physical and radiographic examination and averaged 54 months (range, 4-111). Age at surgery ranged from 9 months to 10 years, 5 months (average, 3 years, 11 months). Hemivertebra levels were between T12 and L3. The average preoperative curve measured 40 degrees (range, 20-55 degrees); the average at latest follow-up was 16 degrees (range, 3-37 degrees). We found hemivertebral excision for congenital scoliosis to be a safe and effective means of treatment. Curve correction averaged 67% and seemed to be greatest in those less than 4 years of age at the time of surgery.

Published
1997
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