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1. Unaccounted for nonforest vegetation loss in the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Cassiano Gustavo Messias, Cláudio A. de Almeida, Daniel E. Silva, Luciana S. Soler, Luis E. Maurano, Vagner L. Camilotti, Fábio C. Alves, Libério J. da Silva, Mariane S. Reis, Thiago C. de Lima, Vivian Renó, Deborah L. C. Lima, Amanda P. Belluzzo, Camila B. Quadros, Delmina C. M. Barradas, Douglas R. V. de Moraes, Eduardo F. M. Bastos, Igor P. Cunha, Jefferson J. de Souza, Lucélia S. de Barros, Luiz Henrique A. Gusmão, Rodrigo de Almeida, Dayane R. V. de Moraes, Diego M. Silva, Eduardo H. S. Chrispim, João Felipe S. K. C. Pinto, Manoel R. Ribeiro Neto, Marlon Henrique H. Matos, Noeli Aline P. Moreira, Raíssa C. dos S. Teixeira, Gabriel M. R. Alves, Ana Carolina S. de Andrade, Letícia P. Perez, Bruna Maria P. Bento, Hugo C. de Castro Filho, Igor S. dos Santos, Liliane Cristina L. de Araújo, Maira Matias, Murilo B. da Silva, Fábio da C. Pinheiro, André Carvalho, Haron Xaud, Maristela Xaud, Ana Paula Matos, Luis Baumann, Elaine B. da Silva, Laerte Guimarães Ferreira, and Marcos Adami

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract The Brazilian Amazon Satellite Monitoring Program (PRODES Amazonia) tracks forest loss in the Brazilian Amazon but excludes about 6.6% ( ~ 280,000 km²) of non-forest vegetation (NF). Here we developed the PRODES NF system to address this gap by adapting the well-established methodology of PRODES Amazonia. Initial findings from PRODES NF show that the Brazilian Amazon lost 10.46% ( ~ 30,000 km²) of NF area, mainly in the last two decades, with the estates of Mato Grosso, Roraima, and Amapá being primary hotspots of losses. Savannas were the most affected (13.3% of their extent). NF loss strongly correlates (r = 0.87; p

Published
2024
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2. Elemental profile of Ipê species to support timber tracing in Amazon Rainforest

Author

Gabriele R. Moreira, Elisabete A. De Nadai Fernandes, Márcio A. Bacchi, Cláudio L. Gonzaga, and Robson C. de Lima

Subjects
Timber trade, Illegal logging, Chemical fingerprint, Species & tissue pattern recognition, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Accurate identification of geographical origin and species of wood is crucial for endorsing laws to combat illegal trade. Here, the multi-element profile of Ipê species of economic interest in Brazil was investigated by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Eu, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sr and Zn were determined in the heartwood and sapwood tissues. The Random Forest algorithm identified Sr, Ba, Sm, La, Ce and Br as the most important elements for discriminating species. The analyses revealed significant differences between species and wood tissues, indicating that multi-element profile has great potential as a forensic tool. The establishment of comprehensive reference databases that cover large geographical areas and take into account the natural variability between species is fundamental to achieving this goal.

Published
2024
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6. Chemical composition and tenderness of longissimus dorsi muscle from non- castrated Murrah buffaloes slaughtered at different weights

Author

A. de Amorim Ramos, R. de Oliveira Roça, C. Andrighetto, N. Bortoleto Athayde, A. Mendes Jorge, and C. de Lima Francisco

Subjects
Buffaloes, Crude protein, Marbling, Shear force, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Buffalo meat production has been arising interest breeder and emerges as alternative to consumer, more and more demanding of the quality products. Thus, this research was conducted to study the chemical composition and tenderness of Longissimus dorsi muscle from 10 non-castrated Murrah buffaloes slaughtered at different weights. The research was carried in feedlot of School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Animals were divided in two groups, received diet ad libitum and slaughtered when reached 450 and 500 kg of live weight. The experiment design was completely randomized, with five repetitions to each treatment. Meat sample from Longissimus dorsi muscle, taken between 12th and 13th ribs, were carried analysis of moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, Longissimus muscle area (LMA), fat thickness (FT), marbling, calorie and tenderness. It did not have significant difference between the groups. Average values at of 76.0; 20.7; 2.1 and 1.2 of moisture, crude protein, fat and ash respectively, were obtained. Calorie, tenderness, LMA, FT and marbling were obtained at average values of 132 kcal/100g; 3.94 kgf; 34.2 cm²; 5.9 mm and 2 points, respectively. Values obtained for tenderness are similar in the literature and has been proving that buffalo meat is tender (< 5kgf). Positive correlation was observed between the protein percentage and the shear force of the meat. The buffalo meat is excellent alternative source of red protein of high biological value to feeding of Brazilian consumers.

Published
2010
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7. Situational analysis of hypertension management at primary health care level in São Paulo, Brazil: population, healthcare professional and health system perspectives

Author

Marta S. Palmeirim, Yara C. Baxter, Mariana Silveira, Rafael V. Maggion, Beatriz Aquino, Álvaro Avezum, Jasmina Saric, Louise Morgan, Luciano F. Drager, Luiz A. Bortolotto, Suely Miya S. Rollemberg, Marcia M. C. de Lima, Edmir P. R. Albuquerque, Olivia Jones, Peter Steinmann, Theresa Reiker, and Johannes Boch

Subjects
Hypertension, Cardiovascular diseases, Situational analysis, Primary health care, Brazil, Design thinking, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Government-led, population-wide initiatives are crucial for advancing the management of hypertension − a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. An urban population health initiative was conducted against this backdrop, focussing on hypertension in the primary health system in São Paulo, Brazil. Within the frame of the initiative and under the supervision and leadership of the municipal health authorities, a situational analysis was conducted on the needs in hypertension management, marking the first phase of a Design Thinking process. This article describes the situational analysis process and presents the identified elements to be strengthened considering hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control. Methods First, a mixed-methods approach was used, starting with a literature review of municipal hypertension data followed by meetings (N = 20) with the local public health administration to assess health system level components. To investigate activities on hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control, nine primary healthcare units were selected from two districts of São Paulo city– Itaquera and Penha– which received an online form addressed to managers, participated in conversation circles of staff and patients, and underwent shadowing of community health agents. Results Data gave rise to two main outputs: (i) a patient care journey map; and (ii) a matrix summarizing the identified needs at patient, healthcare professional and health system level for diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension. Patient awareness and knowledge of hypertension was found to be insufficient and its management needs to be improved. For health professionals, disease awareness, technical training, more time dedicated to patients, and simplified guidelines and clinical decision-making tools for hypertension management were identified as principal needs. The situational analysis found that the healthcare systems efficiency might be improved by establishing defined treatment and care delivery goals with a focus on outcomes and implemented through action plans. Conclusions This situational analysis identified several needs related to hypertension control in São Paulo that are in line with global challenges to improve the control of CVD risk factors. Findings were also confirmed locally in an expansion phase of this situational analysis to additional primary care facilities. As a consequence, solutions were designed, promptly taken up and implemented by the municipal health secretariat.

Published
2024
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8. Predicting beef carcass retail products of Mediterranean buffaloes by real-time ultrasound measures

Author

R. De Castro Mourão, A. De Amorim Ramos, W. Bianchini, É. Rodrigues, C. De Lima Francisco, Â. Polizel Neto, C. Andrighetto, and A. Mendes Jorge

Subjects
Mediterranean buffaloes, Carcass retail cut, Ultrasound evaluation, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Twenty eight Mediterranean buffaloes bulls were scanned with real-time ultrasound (RTU), slaughtered, and fabricated into retail cuts to determine the potential for ultrasound measures to predict carcass retail yield. Ultrasound measures of fat thickness, ribeye area and rump fat thickness were recorded three to five days prior to slaughter. Carcass measurements were taken, and one side of each carcass was fabricated into retail cuts. Stepwise regression analysis was used to compare possible models for prediction of either kilograms or percent retail product from carcass mesaurements and ultrasound measures. Results indicate that possible prediction models for percent or kilograms of retail products using RTU measures were similar in their predictive power and accuracy when compared to models derived from carcass measurements. Both fat thickness and ribeye area were over-predicted when measured ultrasonically compared to measurements taken on the carcass in the cooler. The mean absolute differences for both traits are larger than the mean differences, indicating that some images were interpreted to be larger and some smaller than actual carcass measurements. Ultrasound measurements of REA and FT had positive correlations with carcass measures of the same traits (r=.96 for REA and r=.99 for FT). Standard errors of prediction currently are being used as the standard to certify ultrasound technicians for accuracy. Regression equations using live weight (LW), rib eye area (REAU) and subcutaneous fat thickness (FTU) between 12th and 13 th ribs and also over the biceps femoris muscle (FTP8) by ultrasound explained 95% of the variation in the hot carcass weight when measure immediately before slaughter.

Published
2010
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9. Correlations among carcass traits taken by ultrasound and after slaughter in Mediterranean (Bubalus bubalis) young bulls

Author

R.S. Bonilha Pinheiro, É. Rodrigues, A. de Amorim Ramos, C. de Lima Francisco, C. Andrighetto, and A. Mendes Jorge

Subjects
Buffaloes, Carcass traits, Ultrasound evaluation, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

The objective of this work was to estimate the correlations among measurements taken in vivo with ultrasound equipment with some carcass traits measured after slaughter. Twenty eight Mediterranean bulls, with average shrunk body weight of 330 kg and 14 months of age, were fed by 120 days with high concentrate diets. The shrunk body weight, the ribeye area (REAU), the back fat thickness (FTU) over the Longissimus dorsi muscle between 12ª and 13ª ribs and rump fat (EGP8U), were measured at 28 days intervals. Real-time ultrasound equipment Piemedical Scanner 200 VET, with 18 cm linear array transducer was utilized. After the slaughter, the hot carcass weight (PCQ) and the kidney, pelvic and inguinal fat (GRPI) were weighted and the dressing percentage (DP) calculated. After 24 hours of cooling the ribeye area (REAC), backfat thickness (FTC) and rump fat (EGP8C) were measured. Both the REAC, FTC and EGP8C were underestimated by ultrasound measurements. The Pearson correlation coefficients for ribeye area, backfat thickness and rump fat measured in the carcass and with ultrasound, were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.91, respectively. The coefficient between DP and REAU was 0.47; 0.45 between DP and REAC, 0.56 between DP and FTU and 0.58 between DP and FTC. DP presented a 0.59 correlation coefficient with EGP8U. The Spearman correlation was estimated between REAU and REAC, FTU and FTC, EGP8U and EGP8C, and the values were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.91 , respectively. The ultrasound measures could be used to estimate carcass traits in buffaloes with good accuracy.

Published
2010
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10. Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: Setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

Author

Walter A. Boeger, Michel P. Valim, Hussam Zaher, José A. Rafael, Rafaela C. Forzza, Alexandre R. Percequillo, Cristiana S. Serejo, André R.S. Garraffoni, Adalberto J. Santos, Adam Slipinski, Adelita M. Linzmeier, Adolfo R. Calor, Adrian A. Garda, Adriano B. Kury, Agatha C.S. Fernandes, Aisur I. Agudo-Padrón, Alberto Akama, Alberto M. da Silva Neto, Alejandro L. Burbano, Aleksandra Menezes, Alessandre Pereira-Colavite, Alexander Anichtchenko, Alexander C. Lees, Alexandra M.R. Bezerra, Alexandre C. Domahovski, Alexandre D. Pimenta, Alexandre L.P. Aleixo, Alexandre P. Marceniuk, Alexandre S. de Paula, Alexandre Somavilla, Alexandre Specht, Alexssandro Camargo, Alfred F. Newton, Aline A.S. da Silva, Aline B. dos Santos, Aline D. Tassi, Allan C. Aragão, Allan P.M. Santos, Alvaro E. Migotto, Amanda C. Mendes, Amanda Cunha, Amazonas Chagas Júnior, Ana A.T. de Sousa, Ana C. Pavan, Ana C.S. Almeida, Ana L.B.G. Peronti, Ana L. Henriques-Oliveira, Ana L. Prudente, Ana L. Tourinho, Ana M.O. Pes, Ana P. Carmignotto, Ana P.G. da Silva Wengrat, Ana P.S. Dornellas, Anamaria Dal Molin, Anderson Puker, André C. Morandini, André da S. Ferreira, André L. Martins, André M. Esteves, André S. Fernandes, André S. Roza, Andreas Köhler, Andressa Paladini, Andrey J. de Andrade, Ângelo P. Pinto, Anna C. de A. Salles, Anne I. Gondim, Antonia C.Z. Amaral, Antonio A.A. Rondón, Antonio Brescovit, Antônio C. Lofego, Antonio C. Marques, Antonio Macedo, Artur Andriolo, Augusto L. Henriques, Augusto L. Ferreira Júnior, Aurino F. de Lima, Ávyla R. de A. Barros, Ayrton do R. Brito, Bárbara L.V. Romera, Beatriz M.C. de Vasconcelos, Benjamin W. Frable, Bernardo F. Santos, Bernardo R. Ferraz, Brunno B. Rosa, Brunno H.L. Sampaio, Bruno C. Bellini, Bruno Clarkson, Bruno G. de Oliveira, Caio C.D. Corrêa, Caleb C. Martins, Camila F. de Castro-Guedes, Camilla Souto, Carla de L. Bicho, Carlo M. Cunha, Carlos A. de M. Barboza, Carlos A.S. de Lucena, Carlos Barreto, Carlos D.C.M. de Santana, Carlos E.Q. Agne, Carlos G.C. Mielke, Carlos H.S. Caetano, Carlos H.W. Flechtmann, Carlos J.E. Lamas, Carlos Rocha, Carolina S. Mascarenhas, Cecilia B. Margaría, Cecilia Waichert, Celina Digiani, Célio F.B. Haddad, Celso O. Azevedo, Cesar J. Benetti, Charles M.D. dos Santos, Charles R. Bartlett, Cibele Bonvicino, Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa, Cinthya S.G. Santos, Cíntia E.L. Justino, Clarissa Canedo, Claudia C. Bonecker, Cláudia P. Santos, Claudio J.B. de Carvalho, Clayton C. Gonçalves, Cleber Galvão, Cleide Costa, Cléo D.C. de Oliveira, Cristiano F. Schwertner, Cristiano L. Andrade, Cristiano M. Pereira, Cristiano Sampaio, Cristina de O. Dias, Daercio A. de A. Lucena, Daiara Manfio, Dalton de S. Amorim, Dalva L. de Queiroz, Daniara Colpani, Daniel Abbate, Daniel A. Aquino, Daniel Burckhardt, Daniel C. Cavallari, Daniel de C. Schelesky Prado, Daniel L. Praciano, Daniel S. Basílio, Daniela de C. Bená, Daniela G.P. de Toledo, Daniela M. Takiya, Daniell R.R. Fernandes, Danilo C. Ament, Danilo P. Cordeiro, Darliane E. Silva, Darren A. Pollock, David B. Muniz, David I. Gibson, David S. Nogueira, Dayse W.A. Marques, Débora Lucatelli, Deivys M.A. Garcia, Délio Baêta, Denise N.M. Ferreira, Diana Rueda-Ramírez, Diego A. Fachin, Diego de S. Souza, Diego F. Rodrigues, Diego G. de Pádua, Diego N. Barbosa, Diego R. Dolibaina, Diogo C. Amaral, Donald S. Chandler, Douglas H.B. Maccagnan, Edilson Caron, Edrielly Carvalho, Edson A. Adriano, Edson F. de Abreu Júnior, Edson H.L. Pereira, Eduarda F.G. Viegas, Eduardo Carneiro, Eduardo Colley, Eduardo Eizirik, Eduardo F. dos Santos, Eduardo M. Shimbori, Eduardo Suárez-Morales, Eliane P. de Arruda, Elisandra A. Chiquito, Élison F.B. Lima, Elizeu B. de Castro, Elton Orlandin, Elynton A. do Nascimento, Emanuel Razzolini, Emanuel R.R. Gama, Enilma M. de Araujo, Eric Y. Nishiyama, Erich L. Spiessberger, Érika C.L. dos Santos, Eugenia F. Contreras, Eunice A.B. Galati, Evaldo C. de Oliveira Junior, Fabiana Gallardo, Fabio A. Hernandes, Fábio A. Lansac-Tôha, Fabio B. Pitombo, Fabio Di Dario, Fábio L. dos Santos, Fabio Mauro, Fabio O. do Nascimento, Fabio Olmos, Fabio R. Amaral, Fabio Schunck, Fábio S. P. de Godoi, Fabrizio M. Machado, Fausto E. Barbo, Federico A. Agrain, Felipe B. Ribeiro, Felipe F.F. Moreira, Felipe F. Barbosa, Fenanda S. Silva, Fernanda F. Cavalcanti, Fernando C. Straube, Fernando Carbayo, Fernando Carvalho Filho, Fernando C.V. Zanella, Fernando de C. Jacinavicius, Fernando H.A. Farache, Fernando Leivas, Fernando M.S. Dias, Fernando Mantellato, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello, Filipe M. Gudin, Flávio Albuquerque, Flavio B. Molina, Flávio D. Passos, Floyd W. Shockley, Francielly F. Pinheiro, Francisco de A.G. de Mello, Francisco E. de L. Nascimento, Francisco L. Franco, Francisco L. de Oliveira, Francisco T. de V. Melo, Freddy R.B. Quijano, Frederico F. Salles, Gabriel Biffi, Gabriel C. Queiroz, Gabriel L. Bizarro, Gabriela Hrycyna, Gabriela Leviski, Gareth S. Powell, Geane B. dos Santos, Geoffrey E. Morse, George Brown, George M.T. Mattox, Geraldo Zimbrão, Gervásio S. Carvalho, Gil F.G. Miranda, Gilberto J. de Moraes, Gilcélia M. Lourido, Gilmar P. Neves, Gilson R.P. Moreira, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Giovanni N. Maurício, Gláucia Marconato, Guilherme E.L. Lopez, Guilherme L. da Silva, Guilherme Muricy, Guilherme R.R. Brito, Guilherme S.T. Garbino, Gustavo E. Flores, Gustavo Graciolli, Gustavo S. Libardi, Heather C. Proctor, Helcio R. Gil-Santana, Henrique R. Varella, Hermes E. Escalona, Hermes J. Schmitz, Higor D.D. Rodrigues, Hilton de C. Galvão Filho, Hingrid Y.S. Quintino, Hudson A. Pinto, Hugo L. Rainho, Igor C. Miyahira, Igor de S. Gonçalves, Inês X. Martins, Irene A. Cardoso, Ismael B. de Oliveira, Ismael Franz, Itanna O. Fernandes, Ivan F. Golfetti, Ivanklin S. Campos-Filho, Ivo de S. Oliveira, Jacques H.C. Delabie, Jader de Oliveira, Jadila S. Prando, James L. Patton, Jamille de A. Bitencourt, Janaina M. Silva, Jandir C. Santos, Janine O. Arruda, Jefferson S. Valderrama, Jeronymo Dalapicolla, Jéssica P. Oliveira, Jiri Hájek, João P. Morselli, João P. Narita, João P.I. Martin, Jocélia Grazia, Joe McHugh, Jorge J. Cherem, José A.S. Farias Júnior, Jose A.M. Fernandes, José F. Pacheco, José L.O. Birindelli, José M. Rezende, Jose M. Avendaño, José M. Barbanti Duarte, José R. Inácio Ribeiro, José R.M. Mermudes, José R. Pujol-Luz, Josenilson R. dos Santos, Josenir T. Câmara, Joyce A. Teixeira, Joyce R. do Prado, Juan P. Botero, Julia C. Almeida, Julia Kohler, Julia P. Gonçalves, Julia S. Beneti, Julian P. Donahue, Juliana Alvim, Juliana C. Almeida, Juliana L. Segadilha, Juliana M. Wingert, Julianna F. Barbosa, Juliano Ferrer, Juliano F. dos Santos, Kamila M.D. Kuabara, Karine B. Nascimento, Karine Schoeninger, Karla M. Campião, Karla Soares, Kássia Zilch, Kim R. Barão, Larissa Teixeira, Laura D. do N.M. de Sousa, Leandro L. Dumas, Leandro M. Vieira, Leonardo H.G. Azevedo, Leonardo S. Carvalho, Leonardo S. de Souza, Leonardo S.G. Rocha, Leopoldo F.O. Bernardi, Letícia M. Vieira, Liana Johann, Lidianne Salvatierra, Livia de M. Oliveira, Lourdes M.A. El-moor Loureiro, Luana B. Barreto, Luana M. Barros, Lucas Lecci, Lucas M. de Camargos, Lucas R.C. Lima, Lucia M. Almeida, Luciana R. Martins, Luciane Marinoni, Luciano de A. Moura, Luciano Lima, Luciano N. Naka, Lucília S. Miranda, Lucy M. Salik, Luis E.A. Bezerra, Luis F. Silveira, Luiz A. Campos, Luiz A.S. de Castro, Luiz C. Pinho, Luiz F.L. Silveira, Luiz F.M. Iniesta, Luiz F.C. Tencatt, Luiz R.L. Simone, Luiz R. Malabarba, Luiza S. da Cruz, Lukas Sekerka, Lurdiana D. Barros, Luziany Q. Santos, Maciej Skoracki, Maira A. Correia, Manoel A. Uchoa, Manuella F.G. Andrade, Marcel G. Hermes, Marcel S. Miranda, Marcel S. de Araújo, Marcela L. Monné, Marcelo B. Labruna, Marcelo D. de Santis, Marcelo Duarte, Marcelo Knoff, Marcelo Nogueira, Marcelo R. de Britto, Marcelo R.S. de Melo, Marcelo R. de Carvalho, Marcelo T. Tavares, Marcelo V. Kitahara, Marcia C.N. Justo, Marcia J.C. Botelho, Márcia S. Couri, Márcio Borges-Martins, Márcio Felix, Marcio L. de Oliveira, Marco A. Bologna, Marco S. Gottschalk, Marcos D.S. Tavares, Marcos G. Lhano, Marcus Bevilaqua, Marcus T.T. Santos, Marcus V. Domingues, Maria A.M. Sallum, María C. Digiani, Maria C.A. Santarém, Maria C. do Nascimento, María de los A.M. Becerril, Maria E.A. dos Santos, Maria I. da S. dos Passos, Maria L. Felippe-Bauer, Mariana A. Cherman, Mariana Terossi, Marie L.C. Bartz, Marina F. de C. Barbosa, Marina V. Loeb, Mario Cohn-Haft, Mario Cupello, Marlúcia B. Martins, Martin L. Christofersen, Matheus Bento, Matheus dos S. Rocha, Maurício L. Martins, Melissa O. Segura, Melissa Q. Cardenas, Mércia E. Duarte, Michael A. Ivie, Michael M. Mincarone, Michela Borges, Miguel A. Monné, Mirna M. Casagrande, Monica A. Fernandez, Mônica Piovesan, Naércio A. Menezes, Natalia P. Benaim, Natália S. Reategui, Natan C. Pedro, Nathalia H. Pecly, Nelson Ferreira Júnior, Nelson J. da Silva Júnior, Nelson W. Perioto, Neusa Hamada, Nicolas Degallier, Ning L. Chao, Noeli J. Ferla, Olaf H.H. Mielke, Olivia Evangelista, Oscar A. Shibatta, Otto M.P. Oliveira, Pablo C.L. Albornoz, Pablo M. Dellapé, Pablo R. Gonçalves, Paloma H.F. Shimabukuro, Paschoal Grossi, Patrícia E. da S. Rodrigues, Patricia O.V. Lima, Paul Velazco, Paula B. dos Santos, Paula B. Araújo, Paula K.R. Silva, Paula R. Riccardi, Paulo C. de A. Garcia, Paulo G.H. Passos, Paulo H.C. Corgosinho, Paulo Lucinda, Paulo M.S. Costa, Paulo P. Alves, Paulo R. de O. Roth, Paulo R.S. Coelho, Paulo R.M. Duarte, Pedro F. de Carvalho, Pedro Gnaspini, Pedro G.B. Souza-Dias, Pedro M. Linardi, Pedro R. Bartholomay, Peterson R. Demite, Petr Bulirsch, Piter K. Boll, Rachel M.M. Pereira, Rafael A.P.F. Silva, Rafael B. de Moura, Rafael Boldrini, Rafaela A. da Silva, Rafaela L. Falaschi, Ralf T.S. Cordeiro, Ramon J.C.L. Mello, Randal A. Singer, Ranyse B. Querino, Raphael A. Heleodoro, Raphael de C. Castilho, Reginaldo Constantino, Reinaldo C. Guedes, Renan Carrenho, Renata S. Gomes, Renato Gregorin, Renato J.P. Machado, Renato S. Bérnils, Renato S. Capellari, Ricardo B. Silva, Ricardo Kawada, Ricardo M. Dias, Ricardo Siewert, Ricaro Brugnera, Richard A.B. Leschen, Robert Constantin, Robert Robbins, Roberta R. Pinto, Roberto E. dos Reis, Robson T. da C. Ramos, Rodney R. Cavichioli, Rodolfo C. de Barros, Rodrigo A. Caires, Rodrigo B. Salvador, Rodrigo C. Marques, Rodrigo C. Araújo, Rodrigo de O. Araujo, Rodrigo de V.P. Dios, Rodrigo Johnsson, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Roger W. Hutchings, Rogéria I.R. Lara, Rogério V. Rossi, Roland Gerstmeier, Ronald Ochoa, Rosa S.G. Hutchings, Rosaly Ale-Rocha, Rosana M. da Rocha, Rosana Tidon, Rosangela Brito, Roseli Pellens, Sabrina R. dos Santos, Sandra D. dos Santos, Sandra V. Paiva, Sandro Santos, Sarah S. de Oliveira, Sávio C. Costa, Scott L. Gardner, Sebastián A. Muñoz Leal, Sergio Aloquio, Sergio L.C. Bonecker, Sergio L. de S. Bueno, Sérgio M. de Almeida, Sérgio N. Stampar, Sérgio R. Andena, Sergio R. Posso, Sheila P. Lima, Sian de S. Gadelha, Silvana C. Thiengo, Simone C. Cohen, Simone N. Brandão, Simone P. Rosa, Síria L.B. Ribeiro, Sócrates D. Letana, Sonia B. dos Santos, Sonia C.S. Andrade, Stephane Dávila, Stéphanie Vaz, Stewart B. Peck, Susete W. Christo, Suzan B.Z. Cunha, Suzete R. Gomes, Tácio Duarte, Taís Madeira-Ott, Taísa Marques, Talita Roell, Tarcilla C. de Lima, Tatiana A. Sepulveda, Tatiana F. Maria, Tatiana P. Ruschel, Thaiana Rodrigues, Thais A. Marinho, Thaís M. de Almeida, Thaís P. Miranda, Thales R.O. Freitas, Thalles P.L. Pereira, Thamara Zacca, Thaynara L. Pacheco, Thiago F. Martins, Thiago M. Alvarenga, Thiago R. de Carvalho, Thiago T.S. Polizei, Thomas C. McElrath, Thomas Henry, Tiago G. Pikart, Tiago J. Porto, Tiago K. Krolow, Tiago P. Carvalho, Tito M. da C. Lotufo, Ulisses Caramaschi, Ulisses dos S. Pinheiro, Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas, Valéria C. Maia, Valeria Tavares, Valmir A. Costa, Vanessa S. do Amaral, Vera C. Silva, Vera R. dos S. Wolff, Verônica Slobodian, Vinícius B. da Silva, Vinicius C. Espíndola, Vinicius da Costa-Silva, Vinicius de A. Bertaco, Vinícius Padula, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Vitor C.P. da Silva, Vítor de Q. Piacentini, Vivian E. Sandoval-Gómez, Vivian Trevine, Viviane R. Sousa, Vivianne B. de Sant’Anna, Wayne N. Mathis, Wesley de O. Souza, Wesley D. Colombo, Wioletta Tomaszewska, Wolmar B. Wosiacki, Ximena M.C. Ovando, and Yuri L.R. Leite

Subjects
Biodiversity, knowledge management, taxonomy, web services, zoology, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Published
2024
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11. Killer whale predation on an Antarctic minke whale in the northern Antarctic Peninsula

Author

ELISA SEYBOTH, MANUELA BASSOI, RENAN C. DE LIMA, and JONATAS HENRIQUE F. DO PRADO

Subjects
Balaenoptera bonaerensis, Orcinus orca, Predator, Southern Ocean, Type A killer whale diet, Science
Abstract

Abstract We describe the seldom observed event of a group of type A killer whale (Orcinus orca) predating on an Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in austral summer 2019. A pod of 11-13 individuals was observed – and documented by photographs and video – as they killed and fed on the minke whale in the Bransfield Strait, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The pod was being observed for about one hour, when some killer whale’s individuals were noticed to be performing hunting behaviour. This lasted about 10 minutes, at the end of which the minke whale was killed. Three different species of seabirds were observed feeding on the minke carcass. A video of the encounter is provided.

Published
2024
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20. Response of semi-arid vegetation to agricultural drought determined by indices derived from MODIS satellite

Author

Sabrina C. de Lima, João M. de Moraes Neto, Josilene P. Lima, Felipe C. de Lima, and Luciano M. F. Saboya

Subjects
índice de condição da vegetação (VCI), Environmental Engineering, NDVI, vegetation condition index (VCI), thermal condition index (TCI), índices de seca, drought indexes, índice de saúde da vegetação (VHI), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Agronomy and Crop Science, vegetation health index (VHI), índice de condição térmica (TCI)
Abstract

Indices based on data from remote sensors play an important role in the characterization, mapping and monitoring of a drought event. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor the dynamics of agricultural drought, through the response of vegetation, in the semi-arid region that comprises the state of Paraíba, Brazil, through MODIS satellite products applied to the VCI (vegetation condition index), TCI (temperature condition index) and VHI (vegetation health index) indices, and to evaluate the correspondence of VHI index with standardized precipitation index (SPI) and agricultural standardized precipitation index (aSPI). In this study, values of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and LST (land surface temperature) - covering the period between 2010 and 2020 - were used to estimate VCI, TCI and VHI. In addition, the correspondence of VHI with SPI and aSPI was evaluated at the 12-month time scale, conducted using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Characteristics of a stressed vegetation predominated in the study region, due to irregularity of precipitation and high temperatures, confirming the possibility of detection of droughts through VHI, VCI and TCI, and that the indices detected remotely and through local data are strongly correlated in drought detection. RESUMO Os índices baseados em dados de sensores remotos desempenham um papel importante na caracterização, mapeamento e monitoramento de uma seca. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi monitorar a dinâmica da seca agrícola, por meio da resposta da vegetação, na região semiárida que compreende o estado da Paraíba, Brasil, por meio de produtos de satélite MODIS aplicados ao VCI (índice de condição da vegetação), TCI (índice de condição térmica) e VHI (índice de saúde da vegetação). E também, avaliar a correspondência do índice VHI com o índice de precipitação padronizada (SPI) e o índice de precipitação padronizada agrícola (aSPI). Neste trabalho, as climatologias de NDVI (índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada) e LST (temperatura da superfície terrestre) - abrangendo o período entre 2010 e 2020 - foram usadas para estimar VCI, TCI e VHI. Além disso, foi avaliado a correspondência do VHI e o índice padronizado de precipitação (SPI) e índice agrícola de precipitação (aSPI), na escala de tempo de 12 meses, conduzidas usando a análise de correlação de Pearson. Na região de estudo predominaram características de uma vegetação estressada, devido à irregularidade de precipitação e altas temperaturas. Confirmando a possibilidade da detecção das secas através do VHI, VCI e TCI. E que os índices detectados remotamente e através de dados locais estão fortemente correlacionados na detecção de seca.

Published
2023
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25. Highly Resolved Papilionoid Legume Phylogeny Based on Plastid Phylogenomics

Author

In-Su Choi, Domingos Cardoso, Luciano P. de Queiroz, Haroldo C. de Lima, Chaehee Lee, Tracey A. Ruhlman, Robert K. Jansen, and Martin F. Wojciechowski

Subjects
deep evolution, Meso-Papilionoideae, plastid genome, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Comprising 501 genera and around 14,000 species, Papilionoideae is not only the largest subfamily of Fabaceae (Leguminosae; legumes), but also one of the most extraordinarily diverse clades among angiosperms. Papilionoids are a major source of food and forage, are ecologically successful in all major biomes, and display dramatic variation in both floral architecture and plastid genome (plastome) structure. Plastid DNA-based phylogenetic analyses have greatly improved our understanding of relationships among the major groups of Papilionoideae, yet the backbone of the subfamily phylogeny remains unresolved. In this study, we sequenced and assembled 39 new plastomes that are covering key genera representing the morphological diversity in the subfamily. From 244 total taxa, we produced eight datasets for maximum likelihood (ML) analyses based on entire plastomes and/or concatenated sequences of 77 protein-coding sequences (CDS) and two datasets for multispecies coalescent (MSC) analyses based on individual gene trees. We additionally produced a combined nucleotide dataset comprising CDS plus matK gene sequences only, in which most papilionoid genera were sampled. A ML tree based on the entire plastome maximally supported all of the deep and most recent divergences of papilionoids (223 out of 236 nodes). The Swartzieae, ADA (Angylocalyceae, Dipterygeae, and Amburaneae), Cladrastis, Andira, and Exostyleae clades formed a grade to the remainder of the Papilionoideae, concordant with nine ML and two MSC trees. Phylogenetic relationships among the remaining five papilionoid lineages (Vataireoid, Dermatophyllum, Genistoid s.l., Dalbergioid s.l., and Baphieae + Non-Protein Amino Acid Accumulating or NPAAA clade) remained uncertain, because of insufficient support and/or conflicting relationships among trees. Our study fully resolved most of the deep nodes of Papilionoideae, however, some relationships require further exploration. More genome-scale data and rigorous analyses are needed to disentangle phylogenetic relationships among the five remaining lineages.

Published
2022
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29. Experiências em pesquisa: enfoque multidisciplinar

Author

Duarte, Alice Mendes, additional, Braga, Ana Elisa Linhares de Meneses, additional, Souza, Ana Júlia Ferreira de, additional, Soares, Carla Barcelos Nogueira, additional, Campos, Cazimiro de Sousa, additional, Paes, Ceneida Ferraiuoli, additional, Martins, Danielle Juliana Silva, additional, Souza, Diego Sebastian Carvalho de, additional, Lima, Eduarda Carvalho de, additional, Pereira, Ellen Gonçalves, additional, Quintino, Emanuelle Moura, additional, Ribeiro, Emilly Varjão, additional, Mota, Eric Tyrone Carvalho, additional, Machado, Érica Priscilla C. de Lima, additional, Alves, Evellyn Christyne Ribeiro, additional, Oliveira, Fábio Cristiano Souza, additional, Silva, Fabio José Antonio da, additional, Lemes, Gabriely Martos, additional, Santana, Guilherme Sabino N. Sidrônio de, additional, Freitas, Helder Ribeiro, additional, Oliveira, Helinando Pequeno de, additional, Ribeiro, Jéssica Cavalcanti Barros, additional, Almeida, Joana D'arc de Sousa, additional, Almeida, João Carlos de Aquino, additional, Lima Silva, João Henrique de, additional, Oliveira, Jônata Alisson Ribeiro de, additional, Fernandes, Julia de Deus, additional, Mota Lima, Kaliandra Maria da C. Freitas, additional, Melo, Larissa Grace Nogueira Serafim de, additional, Cardoso, Letícia Maria Silva, additional, Morais, Luíza Ione de, additional, Silva, Maria do Desterro da Conceição, additional, Mota, Maria Kalionara de Freitas, additional, Rocha, Maria Rita Martins Da, additional, Andrade, Marisa Dias de, additional, Santos, Matheus Silva, additional, Oliveira, Nanci Cecília de, additional, Souza, Patrícia Verônica Nunes Carvalho Sobral de, additional, Azevedo, Quétsia Jemina, additional, Moura, Rafael Axel de Souza, additional, Araújo, Rayane Larissa Santos de, additional, Leite, Renata Macêdo, additional, and Ferreira, Simone, additional

Published
2021
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31. Green synthesis of CuCo2O4–CuO composite nanoparticles grown on nickel foam for high-performance oxygen evolution reaction

Author

Thayse R. Silva, Rafael A. Raimundo, Vinícius D. Silva, Jakeline R.D. Santos, Allan J.M. Araújo, João F.G. de A. Oliveira, Laís C. de Lima, Fausthon F. da Silva, Luciena dos S. Ferreira, and Daniel A. Macedo

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Condensed Matter Physics
Published
2023
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33. Prevalence of canalis sinuosus and accessory canals of canalis sinuosus on cone beam computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

O B, de Oliveira-Neto, F T, Barbosa, F J C, de Lima, and C F, de Sousa-Rodrigues

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery, Oral Surgery
Abstract

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of the canalis sinuosus (CS) and accessory canals of the canalis sinuosus (ACCS) as identified on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Online searches were conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SIGLE (via OpenGrey) databases. Primary studies that determined the prevalence of canalis sinuosus and/or its anatomical variations using CBCT were included. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the AQUA tool. The quality effects model using double arcsine transformation was used for the meta-analysis of prevalence. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Of 3237 initial results, 17 papers were included for systematic review. The meta-analysis comprising 1994 patients showed a pooled prevalence of CS of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.99; P = 0.001; I

Published
2023
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34. Pet food categorization by neutron activation analysis and data science

Author

Robson C. de Lima, Elisabete A. De Nadai Fernandes, Yuniel T. Mazola, Márcio A. Bacchi, Gabriel A. Sarriés, and Gustavo N. Furlan

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Pollution, RADIOANÁLISE, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Published
2022
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35. Leptin receptor in osteocytes promotes cortical bone consolidation in female mice

Author

Natalie K Y Wee, Thaísa F C de Lima, Narelle E McGregor, Emma C Walker, Ingrid J Poulton, Martha Blank, and Natalie A Sims

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, Mice, Osteoblasts, Endocrinology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cortical Bone, Animals, Receptors, Leptin, Female, Osteocytes, Bone and Bones
Abstract

Bone strength is partially determined during cortical bone consolidation, a process comprising coalescence of peripheral trabecular bone and its progressive mineralisation. Mice with genetic deletion of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (Socs3), an inhibitor of STAT3 signalling, exhibit delayed cortical bone consolidation, indicated by high cortical porosity, low mineral content, and low bone strength. Since leptin receptor (LepR) is expressed in the osteoblast lineage and is suppressed by SOCS3, we evaluated whether LepR deletion in osteocytes would rectify the Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl bone defect. First, we tested LepR deletion in osteocytes by generating Dmp1cre.LepRfl/fl mice and detected no significant bone phenotype. We then generated Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl.LepRfl/fl mice and compared them to Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl controls. Between 6 and 12 weeks of age, both Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl.LepRfl/fl and control (Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl) mice showed an increasing proportion of more heavily mineralised bone, indicating some cortical consolidation with time. However, at 12 weeks of age, rather than resolving the phenotype, delayed consolidation was extended in female Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl.LepRfl/fl mice. This was indicated in both metaphysis and diaphysis by greater proportions of low-density bone, lower proportions of high-density bone, and greater cortical porosity than Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl controls. There was also no change in the proportion of osteocytes staining positive for phospho-STAT3, suggesting the effect of LepR deletion in Dmp1cre.Socs3fl/fl mice is STAT3-independent. This identifies a new role for leptin signalling in bone which opposes our original hypothesis. Although LepR in osteocytes has no irreplaceable physiological role in normal bone maturation, when STAT3 is hyperactive, LepR in Dmp1Cre-expressing cells supports cortical consolidation.

Published
2022
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36. Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas.

Author

Nuno R. Faria, Joshua Quick, I. M. Claro, Julien Thézé, J. G. de Jesus, Marta Giovanetti, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, S. C. Hill, Allison Black, A. C. Da Costa, L. C. Franco, S. P. Silva, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Jayna Raghwani, Simon Cauchemez, Louis du Plessis, M. P. Verotti, W. K. de Oliveira, E. H. Carmo, G. E. Coelho, A. C. F. S. Santelli, L. C. Vinhal, C. M. Henriques, J. T. Simpson, Matthew Loose, Kristian G. Andersen, N. D. Grubaugh, S. Somasekar, C. Y. Chiu, J. E. Muñoz-Medina, C. R. Gonzalez-Bonilla, Carolina Fócil Arias, L. L. Lewis-Ximenez, S. A. Baylis, A. O. Chieppe, S. F. Aguiar, C. A. Fernandes, P. S. Lemos, B. L. S. Nascimento, H. A. O. Monteiro, I. C. Siqueira, M. G. de Queiroz, T. R. de Souza, J. F. Bezerra, M. R. Lemos, G. F. Pereira, D. Loudal, L. C. Moura, R. Dhalia, R. F. França, T. Magalhães, E. T. Marques Jr, Thomas Jaenisch, Gabriel da Luz Wallau, M. C. de Lima, V. Nascimento, E. M. de Cerqueira, M. M. de Lima, D. L. Mascarenhas, J. P. Moura Neto, A. S. Levin, T. R. Tozetto-Mendoza, S. N. Fonseca, M. C. Mendes-Correa, F. P. Milagres, Aluisio Segurado, Edward C. Holmes, Andrew Rambaut, Trevor Bedford, M. R. T. Nunes, Ester C. Sabino, Luis Carlos Alcantara, Nicholas J. Loman, and Oliver G. Pybus

Published
2017
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37. A systematic review on the effectiveness of perturbation-based balance training in postural control and gait in Parkinson’s disease

Author

Daniel Boari Coelho, Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira, Marcos Vinicius Carvalho Guimarães, Caroline Ribeiro de Souza, Márcio Luiz dos Santos, and Andrea C. de Lima-Pardini

Subjects
Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Parkinson Disease, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gait, Postural Balance
Abstract

Pharmacological and surgical interventions do not improve postural control and gait effectively in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). An innovative and promising therapeutic intervention is perturbation-based balance training (PBT).To perform a systematic review to summarise the current evidence for PBT on postural control and gait in people with PD. Intervention studies including PBT, in isolation or associated with other physical interventions, were included.PubMed, SciELO, PEDro and Cochrane databases were searched between June 2000 and March 2020.This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020203961). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Two of the authors reviewed the search results and selected studies using predefined selection criteria. No restrictions based on severity of PD, time since diagnosis or age were used.Eleven studies were selected for final evaluation. Most outcomes were downgraded in quality of evidence, mainly because of publication bias and limitations. The most consistent results indicate that PBT can improve postural control and gait in people with PD, including a reduction in the number of falls and a decrease in the severity of PD.PBT may be a promising option for the treatment of people with PD, and an adjunct to conventional physiotherapeutic treatment. However, deficiencies in the methodological quality and quality of evidence of studies included in this review have limited the reliability of the conclusions.PROSPERO CRD42020203961.

Published
2022
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39. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Freezing of Gait: From Bench to Bedside

Author

Erich Talamoni Fonoff, Andrea C. de Lima-Pardini, Daniel Boari Coelho, Bernardo Assumpção Monaco, Birajara Machado, Carolina Pinto de Souza, Maria Gabriela dos Santos Ghilardi, and Clement Hamani

Subjects
spinal cord stimulation, gait, Parkinson's disease, pain, freezing of gait, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for the treatment of chronic pain for nearly five decades. With a high degree of efficacy and a low incidence of adverse events, it is now considered to be a suitable therapeutic alternative in most guidelines. Experimental studies suggest that SCS may also be used as a therapy for motor and gait dysfunction in parkinsonian states. The most common and disabling gait dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is freezing of gait (FoG). We review the evolution of SCS for gait disorders from bench to bedside and discuss potential mechanisms of action, neural substrates, and clinical outcomes.

Published
2019
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47. Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit

Author

Claudio Henrique F. Vidal, Caetano J. Coimbra, Cristina Baracuhy de Melo, Grant Gilliland, Breno J. C. de Lima, Hugo N. A. Coelho, Camila B. M. Muniz, and Ricardo M. C. Aragão

Published
2023
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48. Penguin predation by extra-limital sub-Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis

Author

Silvina Botta, Martin Sucunza Perez, Renan C. de Lima, Bernardo Assein Arús, Rodrigo Machado, Larissa Rosa de Oliveira, Victor Hugo Valiati, and Caio J. Carlos

Subjects
biology, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, Sub antarctic, Spheniscus magellanicus, Crustacean, Predation, Feather, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, %22">Fish , General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Arctocephalus tropicalis, Southern Hemisphere
Abstract

Sub-Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus tropicalis, are widely distributed in the southern hemisphere, breeding on islands north of the Antarctic Convergence in the South Atlantic, South Indian, and Southwestern Pacific Oceans. At their breeding grounds, sub-Antarctic fur seals feed on a variety of fish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and occasionally, on penguins. According to the literature, the species feeds mainly on squid and fish, in the southern Brazilian coast, during the non-breeding period and far away from its breeding colonies. Here, we present records of predation on penguins by sub-Antarctic fur seals off southern Brazilian coast (29°20′S, 49°43′W to 33°44‵S, 53°22′W). We examined the gastrointestinal contents of 61 sub-Antarctic fur seals collected from 1987 to 2019. Remaining of penguins were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of three adult males (4.9%). We identified feathers, and other bird parts by comparing them specimens from scientific collections and illustrations in the literature. Seabirds found in the gastrointestinal tracts of the three sub-Antarctic fur seals were most probably Magellanic Penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting predation on penguins by sub-Antarctic fur seals far from their breeding colonies. Although penguins are not among the main prey of sub-Antarctic fur seals, our results suggest that they occasionally feed on penguins during the non-breeding period along the southern coast of Brazil.

Published
2021
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49. Segregation of diets by sex and individual in South American fur seals

Author

Renan C. de Lima, Thayara S. Carrasco, Valentina Franco-Trecu, Silvina Botta, Pablo Inchausti, Eduardo R. Secchi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Universidad de la República, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Subjects
Isotopic niche, biology, Arctocephalus australis, Foraging, Niche differentiation, Zoology, Foraging habits, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Intraspecific competition, Predation, Sexual dimorphism, Individual specialization, Fur seal, Atlantic Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación Trophic niche width and individual specialization among marine predators are often subjected to seasonal constraints. Differences are expected to arise for sexually dimorphic species exposed to distinct ecological opportunities, as well as intrinsic differences in physiological abilities or energetic requirements. We assess seasonal and sexual differences in isotopic niche overlap and width and analyze inter-individual foraging variation throughout the year of the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis). We obtained chronologically ordered δ13C and δ15N data from vibrissae of 25 males and 24 females from southern Brazil and Uruguay. There were significant differences between sexes for both isotopes with males showing higher values (δ13C = − 14.5 ± 0.5‰; δ15N = 18.9 ± 1.2‰) than females (δ13C = − 15.2 ± 0.5‰; δ15N = 17.8 ± 1.2‰), but not among seasons or years. A very small isotopic niche overlap found between sexes (1.1–9.5%), with limited seasonal variation, likely resulted from differences in prey consumption and foraging habitats. Compared to other seasons, females had a wider isotopic niche in spring. While males showed seasonal stability in the foraging niche, females showed some small variation, which is probably influenced by central place foraging. Both sexes had considerable interindividual variation in estimated dietary composition and had different proportions of potential prey contribution at the population level. These findings enlighten the knowledge of South American fur seal trophic ecology, and how they may seasonally and spatially shift their foraging strategies according to their distinct life histories. It ultimately reflects in a small niche partitioning and possibly low intraspecific competition at the species northernmost area of occurrence in the western South Atlantic. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha (ECOMEGA) Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Centro Universitario Regional del Este Universidad de la República Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Published
2021
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