Search

Despite the exciting implications of the Kitaev spin Hamiltonian, finding and confirming the quantum spin-liquid state have proven incredibly difficult. Recently, the applicability of the model has been expanded through the development of a microscopic description of a spin-1 Kitaev interaction. Here we explore a candidate spin-1 honeycomb system, KNiAsO_{4}, which meets many of the proposed criteria to generate such an interaction. Bulk measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic transition at ∼19 K which is generally robust to applied magnetic fields. Neutron diffraction measurements show magnetic order with a k=(3/2,0,0) ordering vector which results in the well-known “zigzag” magnetic structure thought to be adjacent to the spin-liquid ground state. Field-dependent diffraction shows that while the structure is robust, the field can tune the direction of the ordered moment. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments show a well-defined gapped spin-wave spectrum with no evidence of the continuum expected for fractionalized excitations. Modeling of the spin waves shows that the extended Kitaev spin Hamiltonian is are generally necessary to model the spectra and reproduce the observed magnetic order. First-principles calculations suggest that the substitution of Pd on the Ni sublattice may strengthen the Kitaev interactions while simultaneously weakening the exchange interactions thus pushing KNiAsO_{4} closer to the spin-liquid ground state.

This paper presents a unified performance metric for evaluating the chronological wild geese optimization (CWGO) algorithm in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The metric combines key performance factors—energy consumption, delay, distance, and trust—into a single measure using Lagrange interpolation, providing a more comprehensive assessment of WSN algorithms. We evaluate CWGO against E-CERP, EECHIGWO, DUCISCA, and DE-SEP across static and dynamic sensor node configurations in various wireless technologies, including LoRa, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Bluetooth low energy (BLE). The results show that CWGO consistently outperforms the other algorithms, especially in larger node configurations, demonstrating its scalability and robustness in static and dynamic environments. Moreover, the unified metric reveals significant performance gaps with EECHIGWO, which underperforms all wireless technologies. DUCISCA and DE-SEP show moderate and fluctuating results, underscoring their limitations in larger networks. While E-CERP performs competitively, it generally lags behind CWGO. The unified metric offers a holistic view of algorithm performance, conveying clearer comparisons across multiple factors. This study emphasized the importance of a unified evaluation approach for WSN algorithms and positions CWGO as a superior solution for efficient cluster head selection and routing optimization in diverse WSN scenarios. While CWGO demonstrates superior performance in simulation, future research should validate these findings in real-world deployments, accounting for hardware limitations and in a highly dynamic environment. Further optimization of the unified metrics’ computational efficiency could enhance its real-time applicability in larger, energy-resource-constrained WSNs.

Cold-formed steels (CFS) or light gauge steels (LGS) are steel sections created through processes without heat application, such as roll forming or press-braking. In the past few decades, the utilization of CFS as a structural material has expanded due to its advantages over the other materials used in the construction industry, consequently increasing the number of studies conducted by many researchers. CFS studies have focused on many research areas, including designing, and analyzing members and systems, connections, sustainability, residual stresses, and post-fire data. As a result, several authors have also conducted a literature review involving these areas. However, a literature review for more recent studies involving elevated temperature exposure of CFS has not been conducted. This paper seeks to compile and review the recent publications regarding CFS behavior and performance at high temperatures events. Sixty-nine (69) journal articles published from 2017 to 2023 were retrieved from the Scopus database and systematically reviewed through text mining with the aid of VOS Viewer. Prior studies utilizing finite element analysis and experimental methods to investigate the performance at elevated temperature events of varying CFS sections, systems, and steel grades have been summarized. In addition, this paper also briefly discussed the findings of the recent research works involving member connections of CFS. Key points from the literature review have been emphasized such as the outcome of experimental and numerical validation of existing design rules from different codes such as American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Eurocodes, and Australian codes which could vary depending on the CFS section and steel grades. Important points of previous studies regarding the CFS walls, insulations, and screwed connections have also been noted in this paper. Based on the review, research gaps in the prior studies involving elevated temperature exposure of CFS have been identified, such as lack of CFS investigation under fatigue and cyclic loading. These were then recommended as future direction and concentration of CFS at elevated temperatures research works.

Abstract Atypical lipomatous tumor or well‐differentiated liposarcoma is a rare condition in the laryngopharynx. We present a case of a 63 year‐old male with progressive dysphagia who later manifested with a mass that regurgitates outside the oral cavity. Surgical removal was done via a transoral approach, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic declared by the WHO has affected many countries rendering everyday lives halted. In the Philippines, the lockdown quarantine protocols have shifted the traditional college classes to online. The abrupt transition to online classes may bring psychological effects to college students due to continuous isolation and lack of interaction with fellow students and teachers. Our study aims to assess Filipino college students' mental health status and to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to online learning, and social media use on mental health. In addition, facilitators or stressors that modified the mental health status of the college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and subsequent shift to online learning will be investigated.Methods and analysisMixed-method study design will be used, which will involve: (1) an online survey to 2,100 college students across the Philippines; and (2) randomly selected 20-40 key informant interviews (KIIs). Online self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) including Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Brief-COPE will be used. Moreover, socio-demographic factors, social media usage, shift to online learning factors, family history of mental health and COVID-19, and other factors that could affect mental health will also be included in the SAQ. KIIs will explore factors affecting the student's mental health, behaviors, coping mechanism, current stressors, and other emotional reactions to these stressors. Associations between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors will be estimated using generalized linear models, while a thematic approach will be made for the findings from the KIIs. Results of the study will then be triangulated and summarized.Ethics and disseminationOur study has been approved by the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (UPMREB 2021-099-01). The results will be actively disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals, social media, print and broadcast media, and various stakeholder activities.

In photoplethysmography, light source and light detector are employed such that the received signal corresponds to a particular information needed. This research used five different LEDs as light sources. Phototransistor and LDR, on the other hand, were used as light detectors to assess the photosensitivity of human skin. Backscatter simulation was used to compare the photoplethysmographic detection of LDR and phototransistor. The aims of this study include: determine the optical response of a human skin, particularly the skin on the dorsal and palmar parts of the hand; conduct simultaneous simulation using modular and backscattered setup; provide measured value based on the conducted simulations. In every LED color and for both light detectors, ten test conditions were performed, namely: (1) room light on; (2) room light off; (3) room light on - black paper; (4) room light off - black paper; (5) room light on - white paper; (6) room light off – white paper; (7) room light on – dorsal skin; (8) room light off – dorsal skin; (9) room light on – palmar skin; and (10) room light off – palmar skin. Two different simulations were conducted involving all test conditions. The second simulation used light meter which showed similarity in behaviour of obtained values vis-à-vis barcode meter and ADC voltage. The modular involved a lux sensor which checked the findings on the reflectivity of skin Types III and IV of the Fitzpatrick scale and melanocytic naevi skin. The series of simulations conducted proved that the yellow LED provided highest sensor response and phototransistor greater sensitivity than LDR in detecting the received signals. Room light off condition was necessary to reduce the effects of ambient light. Keywords: Photoplethysmography, Backscatter simulation, Phototransistor, LDR, Optical response

Objective: To determine the usability of a smartphone application (ImageMeter) by ENT surgeons for pre-operative photographic analysis of facial angles for rhinoplasty using the USE questionnaire. Methods: Design: Post-Test Only Non-Experimental Evaluation Setting: Tertiary Private Training Hospital Outpatient Clinic Participants: Twenty-five (25) ENT residents and consultants Results: Of forty-five ENT surgeons invited, twenty-five ENT residents and consultants (16 males, 9 females) aged 28 to 52-years-old (mean age 36-years-old) trialed the use of the Image Meter application in measuring the naso-facial, naso-frontal, and naso-labial angles of pre-selected lateral images of 10 volunteers and completed our survey. The usability of the application was measured using the USE questionnaire, through usefulness (Cronbach

Objective: To compare the recurrence rate after conjunctival autograft alone versus conjunctival autograft with mitomycin-C in the treatment of primary and recurrent pterygium. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, interventional comparative study of patients with primary and recurrent pterygium who were randomized to receive either simple excision with conjunctival autograft (CA) or simple excision with CA and mitomycin-C applied. They were followed up for 6 months and observed for recurrence of the pterygium. Statistical analyses were used to compare the 2 groups. Results: Fifty-eight patients (62 eyes) diagnosed with primary and recurrent pterygium were evaluated. The mean age was 44.81 ± 12.35 years (range 25 to 70 years). Thirty eyes were treated with conjunctival autograft (15 primary, 15 recurrent) and 32 eyes (17 primary, 15 recurrent) with conjunctival autograft combined with intraoperative application of low-dose mitomycin-C (0.02% for 3 minutes). The mean follow-up period was 25 ± 1.40 months (range 24 to 28 months). There was a 3.22% recurrence rate (2 eyes) from the recurrent pterygium group. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence (p = 0.53) between the 2 treatments for both primary and recurrent pterygium. No mitomycin C-related complication was observed during the length of the study. Conclusion: Conjunctival autograft surgery alone for primary and recurrent pterygium is effective and safe in reducing the recurrence rate of pterygium within 6 months.