Search

Sunscreens must now be effective in protecting skin from ultraviolet, as well as visible/infrared radiation. Here, TriAsorB, a new broad-spectrum sun filter, was formulated with three other sunscreens and their distribution on human skin was studied using a standard penetration protocol and two novel mass spectrometry imaging techniques: atmospheric pressure matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (AP-MALDI) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and time of flight - secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The standard penetration protocol showed that sun filters absorption was very low, with most of the dose recovered at the surface (none entered the receptor fluid). Absorption was not increased in damaged skin. The results were confirmed by AP-MALDI and ToF-SIMS imaging of the spatial distribution of molecular species in cross-section samples of human skin. Each sun filter was detected on or in the stratum corneum, with a good homogenous coverage over the valleys and peaks of the skin, and correlated well with the distribution of endogenous biomarkers. In conclusion, conventional and novel imaging analysis methods showed that the sun filters remained mainly on the skin surface after topical application. Mass spectrometry imaging is a promising complementary approach to traditional skin penetration studies to visualize penetration of compounds.

We have developed innovative base formulations that were designed to mimic the skin with respect to its components and galenic structure. Components include water, proteins, lipids, sugars and minerals.We characterized formulations and their skin penetration using in vitro methods and evaluated their impact on skin hydration in a clinical trial.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and X-ray diffraction were used to analyse formulations as well as formulation impact on the stratum corneum (SC) structure. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to compare formulation ingredients with SC components and to detect their distribution in the skin. Clinical studies were performed to confirm effects on skin hydration and investigate potential adverse skin effects (irritation and sensitization).SEM and X-ray diffraction of the formulations showed that lipids were organized in sheets similar to SC lipids. MSI demonstrated similarities between formulation components and skin constituents, as well as a good penetration into the skin. The formulations did not modify the lamellar organization of the SC lipids, but they increased the relative proportion of the crystallized lipids and some of the amorphous lipids. In in vivo studies, a high level of hydration was maintained over 24 h after application with an intense and 'very good hydration'. Both formulations were shown to be non-(photo)sensitizers with excellent tolerance. Sensorial evaluation indicated the formulations were not oily or sticky and maintained the skin's suppleness over time. Formulations had a 'nude skin' touch and created a natural protective film.The two formulations were well-tolerated and increased skin hydration in clinical subjects, an effect that could contribute to the alleviation of sensitive skin. The formulations were shown to resemble the lipid organization of the stratum corneum, as well as penetrate the skin without disrupting the lipid lamella organization.

Laboratory bacteriology involves the use of high-density cultures that we often assume to be clonal but that in reality are populations consisting of multiple genotypes at various abundances. We have demonstrated that the genetic structure of a single population of a widely used Streptococcus pneumoniae strain can be substantially altered by even short-term laboratory handling and culture and that, over time, this can lead to changes in virulence characteristics.

Sunlight induces actinic keratosis, skin cancers and photoaging. Photoprotection is thus a major issue in public health to prevent the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Recent data have shown that the visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) radiations can lead to skin damage by oxidative stress, suggesting that a balanced protection across the entire spectrum of sunlight is necessary to prevent cutaneous alterations. In this context, we developed a new generation of sunfilter called Phenylene Bis-Diphenyltriazine or TriAsorB (CAS N°55514-22-2). The aim of the present study was to assess the photoprotective efficacy of TriAsorB from UV to IR light. Spectrophotometric assays were performed to measure absorption and reflectance of TriAsorB in the different spectral ranges of sunlight: UV, VIS including blue light or high energy visible (HEV) and IR. DNA damage was evaluated using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE): 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in response to HEV exposure, pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts following solar-simulated radiation (SSR). TriAsorB is a broad spectrum UVB + UVA filter including long UVA. Interestingly, it also absorbs VIS radiations, especially in the HEV region. These radiations are also reflected. Protection in the IR spectral range is weak. Furthermore, the sunfilter specifically protects the skin against the oxidative lesions 8OHdG induced by HEV and prevents SSR-induced DNA damage. Thus, TriAsorB is an innovative sunfilter that might be used in sun care products for skin photoprotection from UV to VIS radiations. Finally, it prevents sunlight genotoxicity and protected the skin against solar radiations, especially blue light.

Background Menstrual inequity has an impact on (menstrual) health outcomes and emotional wellbeing. It is also a significant barrier to achieve social and gender equity. The aim of this study was to assess menstrual inequity and its associations with sociodemographic factors, among women and people who menstruate (PWM) aged 18-55 in Spain. Methods A cross-sectional online survey-based study was conducted in Spain in March-July 2021. Data were analysed through descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression models. Results 22,823 women and PWM participated (Mean age=33.2, SD = 8.7). Over half had accessed healthcare services for menstruation (61.9%) and had partial/no menstrual education pre-menarche (58.4%). Lifetime menstrual poverty was 22.2-39.9%. Main risk factors for menstrual poverty were identifying as non-binary (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI, 1.32-2.11), being born in non-European or Latin American countries (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI, 1.77-4.24), and not having a permit to reside in Spain (aOR: 4.27, 95% CI, 1.94-9.38). In turn, menstrual poverty protective factors were having completed university education (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44-0.84) and not experiencing financial hardship in the last 12 months (aOR: 0.06, 95% CI, 0.06-0.07). Besides, 75.2% of participants indicated having overused menstrual products because of not having access to adequate menstrual management facilities. Menstrual-related discrimination was reported by 44.0% of women and PWM. Menstrual discrimination risk was higher among non-binary menstruators (aOR: 1.88, 95% CI, 1.52-2.33). Menstrual-related work (20.3%) and educational (62.7%) absenteeism was reported. Conclusions Our study suggests that menstrual inequity in Spain is widespread, especially among those more socioeconomically deprived, vulnerable migrant populations and non-binary and trans menstruators. Findings from this study are being useful to inform future research and menstrual (health) policies. Key messages • Menstrual inequity especially impacts socioeconomically deprived, gender nonconforming menstruators and vulnerable migrant populations in Spain. • Menstrual inequity research is crucial to address social inequities of health and develop menstrual policies.

International audience; Objective: The innate immune system plays a central role in osteoarthritis (OA). We identified 14-3-3ε as a novel mediator that guides chondrocytes toward an inflammatory phenotype. 14-3-3ε shares common characteristics with alarmins. These endogenous molecules, released into extracellular media, are increasingly incriminated in sustaining OA inflammation. Alarmins bind mainly to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 receptors and polarize macrophages in the synovium. We investigated the effects of 14-3-3ε in joint cells and tissues and its interactions with TLRs to define it as a new alarmin involved in OA.Design: Chondrocyte, synoviocyte and macrophage cultures from murine or OA human samples were treated with 14-3-3ε. To inhibit TLR2/4 in chondrocytes, blocking antibodies were used. Moreover, chondrocytes and bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures from knockout (KO) TLRs mice were stimulated with 14-3-3ε. Gene expression and release of inflammatory mediators [interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] were evaluated via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA.Results: In vitro, 14-3-3ε induced gene expression and release of IL6 and MCP1 in the treated cells. The inflammatory effects of 14-3-3ε were significantly reduced following TLRs inhibition or in TLRs KO chondrocytes and BMM.Conclusions: 14-3-3ε is able to induce an inflammatory phenotype in synoviocytes, macrophages and chondrocytes in addition to polarizing macrophages. These effects seem to involve TLR2 or TLR4 to trigger innate immunity. Our results designate 14-3-3ε as a novel alarmin in OA and as a new target either for therapeutic and/or prognostic purposes.

Study question Do the associations between age, previous attempts, frozen and day-5 transfers relative to LBR and mLBR differ between national registries (UK vs France)? Summary answer Both registries agree age negatively correlates with LBR and mLBR; disagree on effects of frozen transfers, previous attempts and day-5 transfers on LBR and mLBR. What is known already Due to the high risks of multiple pregnancy, the focus of ART success was shifted from having a high number of live birth rate (LBR) to one full-term, healthy baby and a low multiple live birth rate (mLBR). Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) has been an effective strategy for reducing the risk of mLBR but in most guidelines, it is recommended for young patients ( Study design, size, duration A retrospective analysis of two national registry datasets, HFEA (UK) (N = 442042; 2014-2018) and ABM (France) (N = 305142; 2014-2018), evaluating how age (41 yrs), fresh/frozen embryo transfer (ET), previous attempts (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 attempts), and embryo stage (day-5 or day-3 transfers) impact LBR and mLBR following eSET (control group) and multiple embryo transfer (MET) (treatment group). Participants/materials, setting, methods Statistical analyses of the datasets were conducted using adjusted two-sided odds ratios from chi-squared tests with 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05) with Bonferroni correction. Main results and the role of chance Two registries agreed on the negative correlation between age and LBR (HFEA: eSET OR:1.00-0.79-0.73-0.57, p Limitations, reasons for caution Limitations included selection bias due to the retrospective design of the study, as a result, the populations include predominantly caucasian, European populations. The conclusions drawn relate to the practices from particular countries, so it is important to evaluate multiple, more diverse datasets. Wider implications of the findings It is encouraging that both registries agreed on the effects of age, whilst remaining factors were not generalizable and require further assessment. This study demonstrated that even large, national registries contain inherent biases and policymakers should not draw policies based on one dataset, especially when prospective trial is not feasible. Trial registration number N/A

Study question Challenges associated with segmenting Inner Cell Mass (ICM): which factors affect efficacy and/or cause variation for humans and AI? Summary answer Efficacy of humans and AI is similarly impacted by four factors (ICM position in embryo, ICM cell numbers, compaction, focus) but AI is more consistent. What is known already Traditional embryo evaluation methods are based on visual quality assessment by qualified embryologists. The morphological analysis of a blastocyst on a static image is subjective and time consuming and depends strongly on embryologist knowledge and experience. Although grading systems, like Gardner system, aim to standardize quality assessment and AI models improve objectivity by agreeing with consensus, there are still disparities. Blastocyst quality assessment is generally based on three morphological components: ICM, Trophectoderm and expansion. Difficulties to properly detect one or the other can lead to different evaluations. In this study, we focus on the detection of ICM. Study design, size, duration The comparative observational study was conducted on 201 images retrospectively extracted from embryo timelapse at blastocyst stage from a French clinic collected in 2018 and 2019. Three qualified embryologists (E1, E2, E3) annotated the dataset, by drawing the ICM area on the image with the open-source CVAT annotation tool (https://openvinotoolkit.github.io/cvat/) to generate the ICM masks. E1 added to the B1 annotations information concerning ICM positioning relative to embryo, focus, compaction, ICM cell number. Participants/materials, setting, methods The dataset was split into two batches : B1 containing 60 embryos annotated twice by the embryologists (B11, B12) and B2 containing 141 embryos annotated once. A Deeplab model with Resnet101 backbone model was trained to detect the ICM on 102 images B2 annotated by E1 augmented up to 3672 images by rotating each image by 10 degrees to cover 360 degrees and optimized on 29 left images. It generated prediction masks on unseen B1. Main results and the role of chance Inter-operator variation is high in ICM detection on batch 1, embryologists don’t agree with each other according average Intersection over Union (IoU): E1vsE2: 0,52+/-0,3; E2vsE3: 0,46+/-0,4; E1vsE3: 0,51+/-0,3. In the same way, AI raises similar IoU results: AIvsE1: 0,54+/-0,3; AIvsE2: 0,47+/-0,3; AIvsE3: 0,54+/-0,3. Variation between AI and humans (AIvsH) is impacted by the studied factors in the same way than variation between humans (HvsH): Position of the ICM relative to the embryo (IoU middle/side: HvsH: 0,41/0,65, AIvsH: 0,46/0,59); ICM Cell Number (Lots/In between/Few: HvsH: 0,70/0,49/0,48 AIvsH: 0,67/0,49/0,48); Compaction (Compacted/Mostly compacted/Mostly dispersed: HvsH: 0,69/0,58/0,46, AIvsH: 0,70/0,56/0,45); Focus (In Focus/Partially/Not in focus: HvsH: 0,68/0,58/0,39, AIvsH: 0,64/0,58/0,41). Even though AI has equal difficulties as humans to detect ICM at least the AI models are consistent. Intra-operator variations on B1 are: E1: 0,70; E2: 0,69; E3: 0,86; AI:1. Limitations, reasons for caution On the human side, the annotators were trained at different clinics before annotating the images. On the AI side, the results could be improved by using a larger volume of images. Both sides are impacted by the lack of context: one static image from one focal. Wider implications of the findings These four factors should be taken into account when training embryologists or models to detect ICM in a blastocyst image. Using videos or several focals may reduce variations but then human analysis becomes time-consuming and sensitive to other factors (fatigue, repetitiveness), then using AI can become essential and more consistent. Trial registration number not applicable

Study question Can we use focal stacks collected through Hoffman modulation contrast (HMC) microscopy to generate 3D reconstructions of preimplantation embryos? Summary answer A machine learning system was designed to generate 3D meshes that approximate the structures of embryos captured on HMC microscopes up to the 8-cell stage. What is known already The 3D arrangement of cells in preimplantation human embryos is a topic of clinical interest, with significant associations between the cell arrangement and blastulation potential from as early as the 4-cell stage. In basic research, the use of confocal microscopy for generating 3D reconstructions is commonplace. However, the use of confocal microscopy in the IVF clinic is often infeasible due to cost and concerns for embryos’ wellbeing. The assessment of 3D cell arrangement in clinical settings can thus prove difficult and time-consuming as many embryologists rely on focal stacks captured through the HMC microscopes widely integrated into incubators. Study design, size, duration The study was a retrospective analysis of 581 Embryoscope focal stacks of embryos from 4 clinics collected between 2018 and 2020. The number of planes in each stack ranged from 7-11 and cell outlines were annotated along with the depths at which they were most in-focus. A deep learning system was designed to generate 3D reconstructions of the embryos. Two clinics’ data were used for training (N = 551) and the others’ for evaluation (N = 30). Participants/materials, setting, methods The deep learning system consisted of three stages: a super-resolution module, a cell segmentation module and a depth regression module. The super-resolution stage was used to predict missing planes in focal stacks that did not contain 11 focal planes; the segmentation module identified individual cells; the depth regression module identified the focal plane at which each cell was most “in-focus”. Meshes were then generated under the assumption that blastomeres’ dimensions are similar along each axis. Main results and the role of chance The superresolution module was evaluated by calculating the structural similarity index (SSIM; an image similarity measure ranging from 0-1) between predicted and true planes when tasked with predicting missing frames in focal stacks with up to 4 planes artificially removed (by uniform random sampling). The module achieved an SSIM of 0.80. The predictions were also evaluated by 2 embryologists, a clinician and a developmental biologist on a scale of 1-5 (1=very unrealistic; 3=usable; 5=very realistic), achieving a mean score of 4.11. The segmentation module was evaluated on the proportion of cells it managed to identify (91%) as well as the mean overlap between predicted cell segmentations and the ground truth (intersection-over-union of 0.86). The depth module was evaluated on the mean deviation of predictions from the true most “in-focus” plane (0.73 planes). 3D reconstructions generated by the system were evaluated with reference to the original focal stacks by 2 embryologists on a 1-5 scale similar to before, with a mean score of 3.72. The most common issues with the reconstructions identified by the embryologists were missing cells/fragments, incorrect cell shape due to obstruction by the well’s edge and imprecise depth predictions (with the “true” depth being between focal planes). Limitations, reasons for caution As previously mentioned, some reconstructions had inaccuracies. These would likely be ameliorated through modifications to the system modules and more training data. Moreover, the system was not trained or evaluated on morulae/blastocysts. Finally, each focal stack was analysed independently - future work may examine enforcing temporal consistency within timelapses. Wider implications of the findings This work serves as a first step towards unlocking data captured in IVF clinics for research into cell arrangement in preimplantation embryos. Combined with cell tracking, the system may be useful for research into cell fate. Moreover, the work may find clinical relevance in enabling easier assessment of cell arrangement. Trial registration number N/A

Study question Can machine learning predict the number of oocytes retrieved from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using a third-party dataset without the need for a data transfer? Summary answer Three machine learning models were successfully trained through the Substra Infrastructure to predict the number of oocytes retrieved from COH. No data transfer took place. What is known already A critical stage in in-vitro fertilization cycles is that of COH. Due to large inter- and intra-individual variations in ovarian response, clinicians need to decide on suitable and cost-effective ovarian stimulation protocols for patients with a view to retrieving as many mature oocytes as possible, while also minimizing the risk of complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A number of previous studies have identified and built predictive models on factors that influence the number of oocytes retrieved during COH. Many of these studies are, however, limited in the fact that they only consider a small number of variables in isolation. Study design, size, duration This study was a retrospective analysis of 14,415 cycles performed at a single centre between 2009 and 2020. The analysis was carried out by an external data analysis team using the Substra framework. Substra enabled the data analysis team to send computer code to run securely on the centre’s on-premises server. Thus, a high level of data security was achieved as the data did not leave the centre at any point during the study. Participants/materials, setting, methods The Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm was used to produce three predictive models: one that directly predicted the number of oocytes retrieved, and two that predicted which of a set of bins provided by two clinicians the number of oocytes retrieved fell into. The resulting models were evaluated on a held-out test set. In addition, the models themselves were analyzed to identify the parameters that had the biggest impact on their predictions. Main results and the role of chance On average, the model that directly predicted the number of oocytes retrieved deviated from the ground truth by 3.80 oocytes. The model that predicted the first clinician’s bins deviated by 0.73 bins whereas the model for the second clinician deviated by 0.63 bins. For all models, performance was best within the first and third quartiles of the target variable, with the model underpredicting extreme values of the target variable (no oocytes and large numbers of oocytes retrieved). Nevertheless, the erroneous predictions made for these extreme cases were still within the vicinity of the true value. Overall, all three models agreed on the importance of each feature which was estimated using Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values. The feature with the highest mean absolute SHAP value (and thus the highest importance) was serum E2 before triggering, followed by the duration of gonadotropin treatment and antral follicle count. Of the other hormonal features, baseline FSH, AMH and E2 levels were similarly important and baseline LH was least important. The treatment characteristic with the highest SHAP value was the duration of treatment with longer periods being associated with a higher number of oocytes retrieved. Limitations, reasons for caution The models produced in this study were trained on a cohort from a single center. They should thus not be used in clinical practice until trained and evaluated on a larger cohort more representative of the general population. Wider implications of the findings These predictive models developed may be useful in clinical practice, assisting clinicians in optimizing COH protocols for individual patients. Our work also demonstrates the promise of using the Substra framework for allowing external researchers to provide clinically-relevant insights on sensitive fertility data in a fully secure, trustworthy manner. Trial registration number Not Applicable

A stellar occultation occurs when a Solar System object passes in front of a star for an observer. This technique allows the determination of sizes and shapes of the occulting body with kilometer precision. Also, this technique constrains the occulting body's positions, albedos, densities, etc. In the context of the Galilean moons, these events can provide their best ground-based astrometry, with uncertainties in the order of 1 mas ($\sim$ 3 km at Jupiter's distance during opposition). We organized campaigns and successfully observed a stellar occultation by Io (JI) in 2021, one by Ganymede (JIII) in 2020, and one by Europa (JII) in 2019, with stations in North and South America. Also, we re-analyzed two previously published events, one by Europa in 2016 and another by Ganymede in 2017. Then, we fit the known 3D shape of the occulting satellite and determine its center of figure. That resulted in astrometric positions with uncertainties in the milliarcsecond level. The positions obtained from these stellar occultations can be used together with dynamical models to ensure highly accurate orbits of the Galilean moons. These orbits can help plan future space probes aiming at the Jovian system, such as JUICE by ESA and Europa Clipper by NASA, and allow more efficient planning of flyby maneuvers., 19 pages, 25 figures, Accepted on March 14, 2022 for publication in The Astronomical Journal

Considerada saudável e que vem se tornando popular em hábitos alimentares, a Kombucha é uma bebida fermentada à base de chá verde e/ou chá preto, açúcar e uma colônia simbiótica de leveduras e bactérias chamada SCOBY (culture of bacteria and yeast). A utilização de frutos com compostos bioativos para a realização da segunda fermentação é um dos principais objetivos de tornar a bebida kombucha funcional. A pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum), possui uma substância chamada capsaicina, além de ser rica nas vitaminas A, B1, B2, C, E, possui benefícios energéticos, antioxidantes e analgésicos. As PANC’s (Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais) são utilizadas na alimentação de diversas formas, porém não são produzidas ou comercializadas em grande escala, dentre elas, destaca-se o hibisco (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), planta herbácea do gênero Hibiscus da família Malvaceae. A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) possui em sua composição compostos bioativos como a cafeína, polifenóis, xantinas, taninos, vitaminas, entre outros. Com base nos efeitos benéficos e antioxidantes da erva mate e da pimenta dedo-de-moça que o presente trabalho tem por objetivo elaborar bebidas kombuchas adicionadas destes insumos e quantificar os compostos bioativos, tais como atividade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos, além de analisar os parâmetros físico químicos exigidos pela legislação, para esta bebida. Para as determinações físico-químicas (pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável e teor de álcool), foram utilizadas metodologias oficiais. A atividade antioxidante e os compostos fenólicos totais, foram determinados por método espectrofotométrico. Sendo assim, neste estudo evidencia-se o potencial antioxidante e a presença de compostos fenólicos nas kombuchas elaboradas a base de erva-mate, pimenta dedo-de-moça e hibisco, destacando-se a bebida adicionada de erva-mate.Também destaca-se que todas as bebidas, tiveram seus parâmetros físico-químicos conforme exigidos pela legislação.

O aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais tem ganhado relevância nas pesquisas nos últimos anos, pois devido à alta quantidade produzida, a sua destinação adequada faz-se necessária para reduzir impactos ambientais negativos. Esses resíduos podem ser utilizados na elaboração de novos produtos, como farinhas não convencionais para produção de pães, massas, biscoitos e barras de cereais, agregando valor nutricional aos produtos e reduzindo a quantidade de matéria orgânica descartada no solo. No processamento de suco de laranja, mais da metade do fruto (em peso) é destinada como resíduo. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou elaborar uma farinha a partir de cascas de laranja Pera (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) provenientes do processamento de suco, com diferentes temperaturas de secagem (60, 70 e 80°C), realizando sua caracterização granulométrica e avaliando sua umidade, teor de fibras, e atividade antioxidante. As cascas foram obtidas em um supermercado localizado na cidade de Bagé/Brasil A caracterização granulométrica foi realizada com peneiras Tyler, calculando o diâmetro de Sauter. As análises de umidade e fibras seguiram metodologia oficial e a atividade antioxidante foi determinada através de análise espectrofotométrica com o radical livre DPPH. Os resultados mostraram que as farinhas elaboradas obtiveram umidade dentro do padrão estabelecido pela RDC - Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada n° 54 de 2012 (máximo 15%), apresentaram alto teor de fibras e alta capacidade antioxidante, não havendo diferenças estatísticas entre as temperaturas utilizadas, se enquadrando em farinha do tipo fina. Pode-se concluir que a elaboração de farinha a partir de casca de laranja Pera é uma ótima alternativa para aumentar o valor nutricional de produtos, pois possui alto teor de fibras e é rica em compostos antioxidantes, apresentando-se como uma alternativa de destino adequado para estes resíduos agroindustriais.

Na produção de cerveja gera-se em torno de 20 kg de bagaço de malte a cada 100 L de cerveja. Esse resíduo apresenta alto teor nutritivo, devido à sua composição nutricional, em geral, é considerado um material lignocelulósico rico em proteínas e fibras. Pensar em formas de aliar sustentabilidade e saúde nas atividades produtivas é um grande desafio para empreendedores e pesquisadores do século XXI. Realizar um reaproveitamento dos resíduos da indústria cervejeira, pela transformação do bagaço de malte em farinha, pode ser uma alternativa para agregar valor nutricional ao produto final e para o desenvolvimento de um novo produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de farinha do bagaço de malte e a caracterização físico-química do bagaço e da farinha obtida. Para as análises seguiu-se a metodologia oficial do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Foram utilizados resíduos de bagaço de malte de três diferentes tipos de cervejas: Pilsen, IPA (Indian Pale Ale) e Black IPA. A farinha que apresentou uma maior quantidade de proteína (20,52 ± 0,08) e fibra bruta (66,01 ± 2,32) foi a do bagaço de malte utilizado na produção da cerveja do tipo IPA. Com isso, observar-se que em comparação com a farinha de trigo, a farinha do bagaço de malte se mostrou uma opção melhor no desenvolvimento de novos produtos além de agregando valor nutricional para o produto final.

A utilização de subprodutos nas indústrias alimentícias vem ganhando espaço no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, além de reduzir o impacto ambiental. A produção de laranja no Brasil ocupa a 6ª posição das dez maiores commodities, com isso, havendo grande geração de resíduos da laranja como casca, sementes e polpas. A laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) é o fruto a partir do cruzamento do pomelo (Citrus máxima) com a tangerina (Citrus reticulata). A adição de casca de laranja para desenvolvimentos de barras de cereais confere capacidade antioxidante, podendo prevenir o surgimento de algumas doenças. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver barras de cereais com adição de farinha de cascas de laranja e avaliação do potencial antioxidante. Para isso, foram utilizadas cascas de laranja provenientes da cultivar Pera, cultivadas na região de Santa Margarida do Sul – RS, colhidas em julho de 2022. Para a obtenção da farinha das cascas, as mesmas foram secas à 70ºC, por 5 h e adicionadas na elaboração das barras de cereais com 25 e 75% de substituição em relação à farinha de trigo. Em seguida, foi realizado avaliação do potencial antioxidante e teve como resultado esperado que o percentual de inibição das barras de cereais com diferentes formulações de farinha de formulações. Logo, a adição da casca de laranja Pera no enriquecimento das barras de cereais traz benefícios à saúde e, ainda, reduz o impacto ambiental com a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais.

Os alimentos funcionais fazem parte de uma nova percepção de alimentos, pois além da alimentação suprir as necessidades básicas nutricionais, também proporciona benefícios para a saúde como a diminuição de riscos de doenças como hipertensão, diabetes entre outras. Existe um público específico que possuem restrições alimentares à açúcar, glúten e lactose por inúmeros fatores relacionados à saúde. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um bolo funcional, isento de trigo, leite e açúcares adicionados e a elaboração de sua tabela de informação nutricional. Com a formulação final do bolo de maçã foi elaborada a tabela nutricional com base nas legislações RDC 359 e 360/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), em vigor. As IN 75/2020 da ANVISA, que vigora em outubro de 2022, RDC 429/2020 e RDC 54/2012 também foram consultadas. Diante disso, foi possível elaborar um produto com teor de fibras de 2,6g na porção, suficiente para ser considerado “fonte de fibras”. O produto proposto torna-se uma opção para o público em geral, mas especificamente para pessoas com dietas restritivas, como diabetes, celíacos e intolerante à lactose/alérgicos à proteína do leite.

Os alimentos funcionais são aqueles que, além de fornecerem a nutrição básica, promovem a saúde. Dentre eles, pode-se citar os compostos prebióticos, que são carboidratos não digeríveis, que afetam beneficamente a saúde humana, estimulando seletivamente a proliferação de bactérias desejáveis. A biomassa de banana verde é um produto prebiótico por possuir amido resistente, o qual apresenta nutrientes importantes para saúde humana, podendo ser utilizado na elaboração de produtos com teores de açúcares e lipídeos reduzidos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a produção de um mousse de chocolate incorporado com a biomassa de banana verde, para se realizar a construção de sua informação nutricional. A elaboração da tabela nutricional foi realizada a partir de cálculos teóricos com base nas legislações em vigor. A IN 75/2020 da ANVISA, que vigora a partir de outubro de 2022, RDC 429/2020, RDC 54/2012 e RDC 26/2015 também foram consultadas. Como resultado, obteve-se um produto de massa homogênea e textura adequada, com rendimento de 520 gramas, podendo ser consumido por celíacos e alérgicos ao ovo e à soja, e excelente no controle da microbiota intestinal.

O óleo essencial é um composto volátil de substâncias lipofílicas, líquidas e odoríferas, o qual possui aroma, cor e sabor únicos. Um dos principais métodos de extração utilizado é o de hidrodestilação, sendo que este processo varia conforme o objetivo de extração e a matéria prima utilizada. A laranja 'Pera' faz parte do grupo de laranjas comuns e se destaca como uma importante variedade entre citros no Brasil, apresentando uma ótima atividade antioxidante e propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antitumorais. Devido à alta produção da fruta no Brasil, tem-se uma grande quantidade de resíduos industriais gerados, provenientes principalmente da indústria de suco e entre esses, destaca-se a casca. Diante do exposto, este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar a extração do óleo essencial da casca da laranja por hidrodestilação, avaliando seu rendimento e atividade antioxidante. A extração foi realizada por hidrodestilação utilizando o aparelho Clevenger e o rendimento foi determinado através da relação entre a massa de fruta utilizada e a massa de óleo obtido. A atividade antioxidante foi analisada pela capacidade da amostra em sequestrar o radical DPPH. O rendimento do óleo essencial obtido foi de 1,9% m/m e a atividade antioxidante foi de 2,59%. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial da casca da laranja ‘Pera’ apresentou rendimento satisfatório, porém, há necessidade de avaliar a atividade antioxidante de uma quantidade maior de amostra do que avaliado no presente estudo.

O desenvolvimento da olivicultura no Brasil apresenta grandes destaques com a produção de azeite de oliva. Contudo, o resíduo da sua produção, o bagaço, é considerado complexo visto que é um subproduto sólido formado a partir de pedaços de caroço, pele e polpa de azeitona. A utilização de subprodutos de indústrias alimentícias vem ganhando espaço no desenvolvimento de novos produtos por agregar valor econômico, nutricional além de contribuir para a redução do impacto ambiental. Uma parcela da população brasileira que possuem a doença celíaca, o que impossibilita o consumo de produtos que contêm glúten em sua formulação. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de produtos sem glúten, como biscoitos, é um desafio para a indústria alimentícia, visto que na impossibilidade do consumo do trigo, geralmente se utiliza a farinha de arroz nessas preparações, por ser uma das opções bem aceitas para a elaboração de produtos para celíacos. Assim, objetivou-se desenvolver formulações de biscoitos salgados, sendo um controle (apenas com farinha de arroz) e outras três com substituições parciais de 5,0; 10,0 e 15% de farinha de arroz pela farinha de polpa proveniente do bagaço da azeitona.Com isso, elaboraram-se os biscoitos salgados, determinando as características físicas das formulações, observando que de maneira geral, as formulações enriquecidas com farinha de polpa proveniente do bagaço da extração de azeite de oliva ficaram mais crocante, agregando valor ao produto visto que a maioria dos produtos sem glúten apresentam estruturas menos rígidas.

Accumulating evidence from numerous comprehensive studies has demonstrated that blue light, in particular high-energy visible light, can exert a range of harmful effects on skin cells. These forms of radiation are now known to be able to trigger oxidation reactions, DNA damage, erythema and pigmentary changes, and may also be associated with photoaging. Sunscreens protecting the skin from only ultraviolet (UV)-B and UVA rays can therefore no longer be regarded as sufficient to help prevent skin damage from sunlight, and products containing filters that can provide broad-spectrum photoprotection are required. To meet this need, a new sunscreen formulation that provides photoprotection against solar radiation with wavelengths ranging from UV to visible light has been developed, using an innovative organic sun filter with unique optical properties: phenylene bis diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB™). This article outlines the development and characteristics of this innovative filter and describes new key results from studies performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the filter and the new sunscreen product. The studies conducted so far demonstrate that the filter has a good human and environmental safety profile. In addition, the sunscreen, which contains TriAsorB in combination with three other UV filters to offer broad-spectrum sun protection with a high sun protection factor (SPF50

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the 'pneumococcus') is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis, with an annual death burden of over one million. Discovered over a century ago, pneumococcal serotype 1 (S1) is a significant cause of these life-threatening diseases. Our understanding of the epidemiology and biology of pneumococcal S1 has significantly improved over the past two decades, informing the development of preventative and surveillance strategies. However, many questions remain unanswered. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of pneumococcal S1, with a special emphasis on clinical epidemiology, genomics, and disease mechanisms.

The original online version of this article was revised because a number of authors had the wrong affiliation number next to their names. © 2021, Springer Nature B.V.

Full list of authors: Morgado, B. E.; Sicardy, B.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Desmars, J.; Gomes-Júnior, A. R.; Bérard, D.; Leiva, R.; Ortiz, J. L.; Vieira-Martins, R.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Camargo, J. I. B.; Duffard, R.; Rommel, F. L.; Assafin, M.; Boufleur, R. C.; Colas, F.; Kretlow, M.; Beisker, W.; Sfair, R.; Snodgrass, C.; Morales, N.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Amaral, L. S.; Amarante, A.; Artola, R. A.; Backes, M.; Bath, K. -L.; Bouley, S.; Buie, M. W.; Cacella, P.; Colazo, C. A.; Colque, J. P.; Dauvergne, J. -L.; Dominik, M.; Emilio, M.; Erickson, C.; Evans, R.; Fabrega-Polleri, J.; Garcia-Lambas, D.; Giacchini, B. L.; Hanna, W.; Herald, D.; Hesler, G.; Hinse, T. C.; Jacques, C.; Jehin, E.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Kerr, S.; Kouprianov, V.; Levine, S. E.; Linder, T.; Maley, P. D.; Machado, D. I.; Maquet, L.; Maury, A.; Melia, R.; Meza, E.; Mondon, B.; Moura, T.; Newman, J.; Payet, T.; Pereira, C. L.; Pollock, J.; Poltronieri, R. C.; Quispe-Huaynasi, F.; Reichart, D.; de Santana, T.; Schneiter, E. M.; Sieyra, M. V.; Skottfelt, J.; Soulier, J. F.; Starck, M.; Thierry, P.; Torres, P. J.; Trabuco, L. L.; Unda-Sanzana, E.; Yamashita, T. A. R.; Winter, O. C.; Zapata, A.; Zuluaga, C. A.--This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Context. The Centaur (10199) Chariklo has the first ring system discovered around a small object. It was first observed using stellar occultation in 2013. Stellar occultations allow sizes and shapes to be determined with kilometre accuracy, and provide the characteristics of the occulting object and its vicinity. Aims. Using stellar occultations observed between 2017 and 2020, our aim is to constrain the physical parameters of Chariklo and its rings. We also determine the structure of the rings, and obtain precise astrometrical positions of Chariklo. Methods. We predicted and organised several observational campaigns of stellar occultations by Chariklo. Occultation light curves were measured from the datasets, from which ingress and egress times, and the ring widths and opacity values were obtained. These measurements, combined with results from previous works, allow us to obtain significant constraints on Chariklo's shape and ring structure. Results. We characterise Chariklo's ring system (C1R and C2R), and obtain radii and pole orientations that are consistent with, but more accurate than, results from previous occultations. We confirm the detection of W-shaped structures within C1R and an evident variation in radial width. The observed width ranges between 4.8 and 9.1 km with a mean value of 6.5 km. One dual observation (visible and red) does not reveal any differences in the C1R opacity profiles, indicating a ring particle size larger than a few microns. The C1R ring eccentricity is found to be smaller than 0.022 (3σ), and its width variations may indicate an eccentricity higher than ~0.005. We fit a tri-axial shape to Chariklo's detections over 11 occultations, and determine that Chariklo is consistent with an ellipsoid with semi-axes of 143.8-1.5+1.4, 135.2-2.8+1.4, and 99.1-2.7+5.4 km. Ultimately, we provided seven astrometric positions at a milliarcsecond accuracy level, based on Gaia EDR3, and use it to improve Chariklo's ephemeris. © B. E. Morgado et al. 2021., This work was carried out within the “Lucky Star” umbrella that agglomerates the efforts of the Paris, Granada and Rio teams, which is funded by the European Research Council under the European Community’s H2020 (ERC Grant Agreement No. 669416). This research made use of SORA, a python package for stellar occultations reduction and analysis, developed with the support of ERC Lucky Star and LIneA/Brazil, within the collaboration Rio-Paris-Granada teams. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Part of this research is suported by INCT do e-Universo, Brazil (CNPQ grants 465376/2014-2). Based in part on observations made at the Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (LNA), Itajubá-MG, Brazil. The data include observations taken by the MiNDSTEp team at the Danish 1.54 m telescope at ESO’s La Silla observatory” and “UGJ acknowledges funding from the European Union H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019 under grant no. 860470 (CHAMELEON) and from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Interdisciplinary Synergy Programme grant no. NNF19OC0057374. TRAPPIST-South is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant PDR T.0120.21. The authors acknowledge the use of Sonja Itting-Enke’s C14 telescope and the facilities at the Cuno Hoffmeister Memorial Observatory (CHMO). The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: BEM 150612/2020-6; FB-R 314772/2020-0; RV-M 304544/2017-f5, 401903/2016-8; JIBC 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; MA 427700/2018-3, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, MA FAPERJ grant E-26/111.488/2013 and ARGJr FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. J.L.O., P.S.-S., R.D., and N.M. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), from Spanish project AYA2017-89637-R, and from FEDER. P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 “LEO-SBNAF” (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). E. Jehin is a Belgian FNRS Senior Research Associate. R.S. and O.C.W. acknowledge FAPESP grant 2016/24561-0 and CNPq grant 305210/2018-1. T.C.H. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Foundation (NRF; No. 2019R1I1A1A01059609).

Overuse injuries are a common problem to triathletes' population. Overuse injuries may arise from inter-limb biomechanical differences during running, but the literature lacks information regarding inter-limb differences in triathletes. In this study inter-limb differences were investigated in injury-free triathletes during the running portion of a simulated cycle-run transition. Thirteen triathletes performed a 5 km run preceded by a 20 min cycling trial at 70% of maximal power output. During the Start, Mid and End stages of running, kinetic, kinematic and muscle activation variables were compared between the preferred and non-preferred limbs across the stance phase. A statistical parametric mapping analysis showed no differences between limbs when considering kinetic and kinematic variables (p > 0.05, ES0.60) from 53.40-75.9% of the stance phase at the End stage of running. In conclusion, inter-limb differences in kinetic or kinematic variables may not represent a risk for overloading in triathletes. However, inter-limb differences in triceps surae activation during running after cycling may represent one potential factor leading to overuse injuries in triathletes and should be further investigated.

Full list of authors: Rommel, F. L.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Desmars, J.; Camargo, J. I. B.; Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Vieira-Martins, R.; Assafin, M.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Duffard, R.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lecacheux, J.; Morgado, B. E.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Gomes-Júnior, A. R.; Pereira, C. L.; Herald, D.; Hanna, W.; Bradshaw, J.; Morales, N. Brimacombe, J.; Burtovoi, A.; Carruthers, T.; de Barros, J. R.; Fiori, M.; Gilmore, A.; Hooper, D.; Hornoch, K.; Jacques, C.; Janik, T.; Kerr, S.; Kilmartin, P.; Winkel, Jan Maarten; Naletto, G.; Nardiello, D.; Nascimbeni, V.; Newman, J.; Ossola, A.; Pál, A.; Pimentel, E.; Pravec, P.; Sposetti, S.; Stechina, A.; Szakáts, R.; Ueno, Y.; Zampieri, L.; Broughton, J.; Dunham, J. B.; Dunham, D. W.; Gault, D.; Hayamizu, T.; Hosoi, K.; Jehin, E.; Jones, R.; Kitazaki, K.; Komžík, R.; Marciniak, A.; Maury, A.; Mikuž, H.; Nosworthy, P.; Fábrega Polleri, J.; Rahvar, S.; Sfair, R.; Siqueira, P. B.; Snodgrass, C.; Sogorb, P.; Tomioka, H.; Tregloan-Reed, J.; Winter, O. C., Context. Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and Centaurs are remnants of our planetary system formation, and their physical properties have invaluable information for evolutionary theories. Stellar occultation is a ground-based method for studying these distant small bodies and has presented exciting results. These observations can provide precise profiles of the involved body, allowing an accurate determination of its size and shape. Aims. The goal is to show that even single-chord detections of TNOs allow us to measure their milliarcsecond astrometric positions in the reference frame of the Gaia second data release (DR2). Accurate ephemerides can then be generated, allowing predictions of stellar occultations with much higher reliability. Methods. We analyzed data from various stellar occultation detections to obtain astrometric positions of the involved bodies. The events published before the Gaia era were updated so that the Gaia DR2 stellar catalog is the reference, thus providing accurate positions. Events with detection from one or two different sites (single or double chord) were analyzed to determine the event duration. Previously determined sizes were used to calculate the position of the object center and its corresponding error with respectto the detected chord and the International Celestial Reference System propagated Gaia DR2 star position. Results. We derive 37 precise astrometric positions for 19 TNOs and four Centaurs. Twenty-one of these events are presented here for the first time. Although about 68% of our results are based on single-chord detection, most have intrinsic precision at the submilliarcsecond level. Lower limits on the diameter of bodies such as Sedna, 2002 KX14, and Echeclus, and also shape constraints on 2002 VE95, 2003 FF128, and 2005 TV189 are presented as valuable byproducts. Conclusions. Using the Gaia DR2 catalog, we show that even a single detection of a stellar occultation allows improving the object ephemeris significantly, which in turn enables predicting a future stellar occultation with high accuracy. Observational campaigns can be efficiently organized with this help, and may provide a full physical characterization of the involved object, or even the study of topographic features such as satellites or rings. © 2020 ESO., This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3; M.A. 427700/2018-3, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2; O.C.W. 305210/2018-1. The following authors acknowledge the respective grants: B.E.M. thanks the CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grant; G.B-R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016; M.A. acknowledges FAPERJ grant E-26/111.488/2013; A.R.G.Jr acknowledges FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8; O.C.W. and R.S. acknowledge FAPESP grant 2016/24561-0. D.N. acknowledges support from the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). K.H. and P.P. were supported by the project R.V.O.: 67985815. A.P. and R.S. received support from the K-125015 grant of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH, Hungary). Partial funding of the computational infrastructure and database servers are received from the grant KEP-7/2018 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Some of the results were based on observations taken at the 1.6m telescope on Pico dos Dias Observatory of the National Laboratory of Astrophysics (LNA/Brazil). Some data are based on observations collected at the Copernicus and Schmidt telescopes (Asiago, Italy) of the INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova. This work was carried out within the "Lucky Star" umbrella that agglomerates the efforts of the Paris, Granada and Rio teams, which is funded by the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 (ERC Grant Agreement No. 669416). This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian FNRS under grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F and the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate. We would like to acknowledge financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-JI00 "LEO-SBNAF" (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, U.E.) and the financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). Also, AYA2017-89637-R and FEDER funds are acknowledged. We are thankful to the following observers who participated and provided data for respective events as listed in Table B.1: Orlando A. Naranjo from Universidad de Los Andes, Merida/VEN; Faustino Organero from La Hita Observatory - Toledo/ESP.

Inter-limb differences in Achilles tendon mechanical, material and morphological properties have previously been described in non-athletes and attributed to the preferential use of a given limb. Achilles tendon overuse tendon injury generally initiate unilaterally and alters triceps surae activation and Achilles tendon properties. The investigation of inter-limb differences in muscle activation and tendon properties may provide directions for injury prevention in habitual runners. In this study triceps surae and Achilles tendon properties were investigated bilaterally in habitual runners during unilateral maximal isometric contractions. Morphological, mechanical and material Achilles tendon properties were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry, motion capture and ultrasonography while triceps surae activation strategies were assessed using electromyography. Lower limb preference was assessed for inter-limb comparisons using the Waterloo questionnaire. Zero and one-dimensional statistical analysis and Cohen’s d were employed to investigate possible inter-limb differences. Inter-limb associations in Achilles tendon properties and intra-limb associations between triceps surae activations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. No differences were observed between the preferred and non-preferred limb in terms of triceps surae muscle activation amplitude and Achilles tendon properties. However, intra-limb association among triceps surae activation ratios were not identical between limbs. Runners and triathletes present similar Achilles tendons properties between limbs, and thus initial observations of unilateral changes in the Achilles tendon properties might be used as a strategy to prevent the onset of overuse tendon injury. The non-similar associations within activation ratios between limbs should be further explored since triceps surae activation strategies may alter loading of the Achilles tendon.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is the predominant cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism behind its increased invasiveness is not well understood. Here, we use mouse models of lung infection to identify virulence factors associated with severe bacteraemic pneumonia during serotype-1 (ST217) infection. We use BALB/c mice, which are highly resistant to pneumococcal pneumonia when infected with other serotypes. However, we observe 100% mortality and high levels of bacteraemia within 24 hours when BALB/c mice are intranasally infected with ST217. Serotype 1 produces large quantities of pneumolysin, which is rapidly released due to high levels of bacterial autolysis. This leads to substantial levels of cellular cytotoxicity and breakdown of tight junctions between cells, allowing a route for rapid bacterial dissemination from the respiratory tract into the blood. Thus, our results offer an explanation for the increased invasiveness of serotype 1., The mechanisms behind the high invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 are unclear. Here, Jacques et al. show that this feature is due to overproduction and rapid release of pneumolysin, which induces cytotoxicity and breakdown of tight junctions, allowing rapid bacterial dissemination from the respiratory tract into the blood.