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The use of drought-tolerant cultivars is a promising strategy to minimize the effects of water deficits on upland rice productivity. Therefore, it is important to establish an adequate methodology to evaluate the performance of upland rice cultivars under water deficit. In this study, one evaluated the effects of water deficit on morphological and physiological traits of two upland rice cultivars, in a greenhouse, in soil columns, using a phenotyping platform named SITIS. The experiment occurred in a complete randomized block design, in a split plot scheme with four replications. The main plots consisted of a well-irrigated treatment with daily replacement of 100% evapotranspired water and four water restriction regimes (daily replacement of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% evapotranspired water at the well-irrigated treatment) and, the subplots, of the Douradão and BRS Soberana cultivars, which are tolerant and sensitive to water stress, respectively. It is feasible to use the SITIS platform and the proposed protocol (water regimes) to evaluate upland rice cultivars for tolerance to water stress. Under water deficit, the Douradão cultivar restricted its transpiration and showed harvest index, grain yield and water use efficiency higher than the BRS Soberana cultivar. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-25T23:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2018rbai.pdf: 762741 bytes, checksum: da3a1364685879c6cc44ea16526140ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-24

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an insidious pathologic condition that can manifest from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) with potential progression to cirrhosis. Like the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), NAFLD is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. PCOS women have an increased risk of NAFLD, but it is debatable which features of PCOS, either specific (androgen excess) or unspecific (metabolic derangements) affect the NAFLD risk. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that addressed the association of PCOS and NAFLD. We selected 17 studies published between 2007 and 2017 that included 2734 PCOS patients and 2561 controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI). PCOS patients have increased prevalence of NAFLD (odds ratio 2.54, 95% confidence interval 2.19–2.95). PCOS women with hyperandrogenism (classic phenotype) have a higher prevalence of NAFLD compared to women with PCOS without hyperandrogenism, even after correction for confounding variables. Among women with PCOS, those with NAFLD have higher serum total testosterone (mean difference 0.40 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.29–0.50 nmol/L) and free androgen index (mean difference 4.46, 95% CI 3.53–5.39) than those without NAFLD. The studies that used multivariate analysis controlling for age, BMI, triglycerides, and insulin resistance index confirmed that serum androgens are independent predictors of NAFLD in women with PCOS. The prevalence of NAFLD is increased in women with PCOS and the presence of NAFLD is associated with high serum androgen levels, in addition to obesity and insulin resistance.

Cosmopolitan pests such asBrevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae, andMyzus persicae(Aphididae) cause significant damage to Brassicaceae crops. Assessment of the important biotic and abiotic factors that regulate these pests is an essential step in the development of effective Integrated Pest Management programs for these aphids. This study evaluated the influence of leaf position, precipitation, temperature, and parasitism on populations ofL. pseudobrassicae, M. persicae, andB. brassicaein collard greens fields in the Triângulo Mineiro region (Minas Gerais state), Brazil. Similar numbers ofB. brassicaewere found on all parts of the collard green plants, whereasM. persicaeandL. pseudobrassicaewere found in greatest numbers on the middle and lower parts of the plant. While temperature and precipitation were positively related to aphid population size, their effects were not accumulative, as indicated by a negative interaction term. AlthoughDiaeretiella rapaewas the main parasitoid of these aphids, hyperparasitism was dominant; the main hyperparasitoid species recovered from plant samples wasAlloxysta fuscicornis. Parasitoids seem to have similar distributions on plants as their hosts. These results may help predict aphid outbreaks and gives clues for specific intra-plant locations when searching for and monitoring aphid populations.

Researches related to understanding the distribution of soil moisture in non-tillage system, seek to asset the degree of homogeneity of water availability to plant soft his management system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil moisture in non-tillage system in an Oxisol in the south western region of Goias using a TDR sensor. This was done using the TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensor, from Campbell Scientific Company, the Hidrosense model with stems of 0.12 meters length. The work was carried out during the initial planting of 2013/14 season, in november 2013, on the three most superficial layers (0 0.12, 0.12 0.24 and 0.24 0.36 meters). The precipitation before moisture data collection was not enough to moisten the entire soil profile analyzed. Therefore, values of soil moisture between 18 and 56% were observed. Some related researches done near the area addressed in this research area indicate that the maximum moisture near the saturation condition is 52 % of moisture on a volumetric basis. However, it was observed a variation of approximately 10 % between the measured values in the field and on the water retention curve of the soil. Therefore, this preliminary analysis of the distribution of soil moisture, provide elements for refined calibration of this instrument enabling a larger sample moisture data measured directly in the field without the need to collect soil samples and subsequent laboratory analysis.

BRS Esteio is a common bean cultivar with black grains of excellent cooking quality, suited for cultivation in 21 Brazilian States. In 77 trials of Value for Cultivation and Use, the cultivar had a normal cycle (90 days), an average yield of 2,529 kg ha-1, which is 8.1% higher than that of the control cultivars, a high yield potential (4,702 kg ha-1), upright growth, tolerance to lodging, and moderate resistance to anthracnose.

Drought stress, particularly during the flowering and grain-filling stages of growth, contributes to serious yield loss in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The aim of this study was to identify genes induced in response to drought stress using transcriptome analysis of contrasting genotypes. Using leaf tissues of tolerant (BAT 477) and susceptible common bean genotypes (Perola), collected at the flowering and grain-filling stages, four complementary deoxyribonucleic acid representational difference analysis subtractive libraries were constructed and then sequenced. A total of 7,203 (77.6 %) sequences with an average sequence size of 570 bp were considered valid, for a combined 4 Mbp sequence. According to a differential display analysis, 802 expressed sequence tags, distributed across 67 contigs, were differentially expressed by the tolerant (37 contigs) and susceptible genotypes (30 contigs) after identification under drought conditions during the two investigated plant developmental stages. Of these differential contigs, the 13 most frequent genes were exclusive to the tolerant genotype. Based on BLAST2GO, 73 % of the gene sequences were annotated and 12 % showed mapping results, with the highest similarity rate corresponding to Glycine max (41 %). According to gene ontology functional analysis, 48 % of the sequences were attributed to cell metabolic processes. Overall, 8.3 % of the transcribed sequences exhibited similarity to transcription factors, predominantly those of the AP2-EREBP family (97.8 %). Of the target sequences validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, most genes showed an expression level that agreed with that predicted by in silico analysis. Thus, the drought transcriptome dataset is a valuable resource on the variation in these gene sequences, offering the opportunity to identify robust molecular markers tightly linked to trait-controlling loci for use in marker-assisted breeding.

This was to compare the periodontal status of children with primary and mixed dentition at the time of their first consultation. Children (200), aged 0–12 years (156 with mixed and 44 with primary dentition), were examined by assessing their simplified plaque index (PI) and simplified periodontal record (PSR). Statistical analysis (Chi-square test) was performed with appropriate software to find any significant associations between sex, type of dentition and PI with the PSR codes (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4). There was no statistically significant difference with regard to gender (p = 0.82). Generalised PI was associated more significantly with mixed dentition (p = 0.025 and higher PSR scores (p

Essential plant nutrients are mainly applied to soil and plant foliage for achieving maximum economic yields. Soil application method is more common and most effective for nutrients, which required in higher amounts. However, under certain circumstances, foliar fertilization is more economic and effective. Foliar symptoms, soil and plant tissue tests, and crop growth responses are principal nutrient disorder diagnostic techniques. Soil applications of fertilizers are mainly done on the basis of soil tests, whereas foliar nutrient applications are mainly done on the basis of visual foliar symptoms or plant tissue tests. Hence, correct diagnosis of nutrient deficiency is fundamental for successful foliar fertilization. In addition, there are some more requirements for successful foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilization requires higher leaf area index for absorbing applied nutrient solution in sufficient amount, it may be necessary to have more than one application depending on severity of nutrient deficiency. Nutrient concentration and day temperature should be optimal to avoid leaf burning and fertilizer source should be soluble in water to be more effective. Foliar fertilization of crops can complement soil fertilization. If foliar fertilization is mixed with postemergence herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides, the probability of yield response could be increased and cost of application can be reduced.

Lowland rice is a staple food for more than 50% world population. Iron toxicity is one of the main nutritional disorders, which limits yield of lowland rice in various parts of the world. The toxicity of iron is associated with reduced soil condition of submerged or flooded soils, which increases concentration and uptake of iron (Fe2 +). Higher concentration of Fe2 + in the rhizosphere also has antagonistic effects on the uptake of many essential nutrients and consequently yields reduction. In addition to reduced condition, increase in concentration of Fe2 + in submerged soils of lowland rice is associated with iron content of parent material, oxidation-reduction potential, soil pH, ionic concentration, fertility level, and lowland rice genotypes. Oxidation-reduction potential of highly reduced soil is in the range of –100 to –300 mV. Iron toxicity has been observed in flooded soils with a pH below 5.8 when aerobic and pH below 6.5 when anaerobic. Visual toxicity symptoms on plants, soil and plan...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on white blood cell (WBC) count and levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGFmdash;#946;) in serum from subjects with severe periodontitis. Serum from 28 subjects with periodontitis (mean age: 34.36±6.24; 32% men) and 27 healthy controls (mean age: 33.18±6.42; 33% men) were collected prior to therapy. Blood samples were obtained from 23 subjects who completed therapy (9mdash;12 months). A wellmdash;controlled periodontal treatment protocol was established in three stages: mechanical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning), reinstrumentation of dental sites, and supportive periodontal therapy. Periodontal and systemic parameters such as the total number of WBCs and TGFmdash;#946; levels, accessed by enzymemdash;linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included. After therapy, all clinical periodontal parameters decreased (plt;0.0001). There were no statistical differences in WBC count between experimental and control groups before or after therapy. However, after therapy, the mean value of lymphocytes in patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) was statistically higher than that of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) (plt;0.0357). Additionally, TGFmdash;#946; levels in LAgP and GCP patients were higher compared to controls before therapy (plt;0.05 and plt;0.01, respectively). In LAgP patients, periodontal therapy was associated with increased number of lymphocytes.

The common bean is an important source of iron and zinc in humans. Increases in the contents of these minerals can combat mineral deficiencies, but these contents are influenced by environmental conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the interaction between common bean lines and water availability on iron and zinc contents (CFe and CZn, respectively), identify superior lines with stable CFe and CZn, and test for a genetic relationship between CFe and CZn. Six crop trials were performed using a randomized block design with three replications. The trials were performed during the winter sowing period for three different combinations of year and site in Brazil. For each combination, 53 lines were evaluated across two parallel trials; one trial was irrigated according to the crop requirements, and the other trial operated under a water deficit. Interaction was detected between lines and environments, and between lines and water availability for CFe and CZn. However, some lines exhibited high CFe and CZn in both conditions. Lines G 6492 and G 6490 exhibited high mean values, stability, and adaptability for both minerals. Other lines exhibited high CFe (Xamego) or CZn (Bambuí and Iapar 65). A moderate genetic correlation (0.62) between CFe and CZn was detected. Water availability during the common bean cycle had an effect on CFe and CZn; however, lines with high CFe and CZn in different conditions of water availability and environment were detected.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000400006.pdf: 674223 bytes, checksum: 2411ef5d7d3c34ee02f8725e3c45a77b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000400006.pdf: 674223 bytes, checksum: 2411ef5d7d3c34ee02f8725e3c45a77b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000400006.pdf: 674223 bytes, checksum: 2411ef5d7d3c34ee02f8725e3c45a77b (MD5) S0100-83582012000400006.pdf.txt: 30666 bytes, checksum: 5f2b1afce6ef26dddc3869c9bc9d9e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000400006.pdf: 674223 bytes, checksum: 2411ef5d7d3c34ee02f8725e3c45a77b (MD5) S0100-83582012000400006.pdf.txt: 30666 bytes, checksum: 5f2b1afce6ef26dddc3869c9bc9d9e97 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000400006.pdf: 674223 bytes, checksum: 2411ef5d7d3c34ee02f8725e3c45a77b (MD5) S0100-83582012000400006.pdf.txt: 30666 bytes, checksum: 5f2b1afce6ef26dddc3869c9bc9d9e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 O manejo das plantas de cobertura visa obter maiores benefícios com a sua introdução nos sistemas agrícolas. O uso de espécies forrageiras como as do gênero Brachiaria, devido à grande quantidade de biomassa e ao fato de persistirem por mais tempo sobre o solo, vem se tornando uma boa opção. Quando se almeja maior rendimento operacional no plantio, maior disponibilidade de nutrientes, maior presença de palha na superfície do solo e menor liberação de possíveis substâncias alelopáticas, um ponto importante a ser observado é o intervalo de tempo entre a dessecação da cobertura com glifosato e a semeadura do arroz. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do manejo de B. ruziziensis, com ou sem herbicida, antecedendo a semeadura da cultura, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade do arroz. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e consistiu em três tipos de manejo de B. ruziziensis antes da semeadura do arroz. Essa forrageira apresentou crescimento linear, e a presença de grande quantidade de sua matéria seca na superfície do solo foi prejudicial ao arroz. Quando manejada próximo do plantio do arroz, B. ruziziensis causou redução significativa na produtividade dessa cultura; o manejo dessa forrageira com herbicida deve ser realizado com mais de 20 dias antes do plantio do arroz; o manejo dela com retirada da parte aérea, com ou sem herbicida, deve ser realizado com 10 ou mais dias antes do plantio do arroz; e o manejo no momento adequado proporcionou aumento significativo na produtividade do arroz. The correct management of cover crops in no-tillage aims to obtain greater benefits with its introduction in agricultural systems. The use of forage species such as Brachiaria, due to the large amount of biomass and for persisting longer on the ground, has become a good option. In this sense, an important point is the time interval between the cover desiccation with glyphosate and planting of rice in order to obtain higher operating income in the sowing, greater availability of nutrients, greater presence of straw on the soil surface, and lower release of possible allelopathic substances. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the management of B. ruziziensis, with or without herbicide, preceding the crop planting, in the yield components and yield of rice. The trial was conducted in greenhouse conditions and consisted of three types of management of B. ruziziensis before sowing rice. B. ruziziensis showed linear growth and the presence of large amounts of its dry matter biomass on the soil surface was detrimental to rice yield; B. ruziziensis management close to planting caused a significant reduction in rice yield; the management of B. ruziziensis with herbicides should be conducted with more than 20 days before planting rice; the management of B. ruziziensis for the removal of its leaves with or without herbicide should be carried out with 10 or more days before planting rice, and the correct management of B. ruziziensis at the right time allowed for significant increases in the rice yield. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Arroz e Feijão UNESP FCA UNESP FCA

BRS Ametista is a common bean cultivar with Carioca grain and yields similar to cultivar Pérola, but with larger grain size, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It is recommended for 18 states in all regions of Brazil and can be planted on over 95% of the area used for common bean in the country.

Interleukin-6 (G-174C) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (G-308A) gene polymorphisms in geriatric patients with chronic periodontitis Background and objective: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and genetic factors may have an important role in its severity. Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) genes have been reported to cause changes in the production of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of IL-6 (G)174C) and tumour necrosis factor (G)308A) polymorphisms, in the severity of chronic periodontitis in an elderly population. Materials and methods: In this study, a group of 65 elderly women, comprising 17 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, 21 with severe chronic periodontitis and 27 healthy patients were selected. DNA was isolated from all subjects, and polymerase chain reaction was used to study the IL-6 and TNF-a gene polymorphisms. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies of IL-6 gene polymorphism between patients with periodontal disease and controls. Subjects carrying the G/G genotype of IL-6 were most severely affected by periodontitis. The TNF-a gene polymorphism showed no association with chronic periodontitis between patients and controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that the IL-6 gene polymorphism may be associated with chronic peri- odontitis, and that TNF-a gene polymorphism may not be involved in the progression of chronic peri- odontitis in the population of elderly Brazilian women.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de sistemas de cultivo sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e sobre a distribuição de frações (leve e pesada) da matéria orgânica de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em experimento da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão (GO). Os tratamentos amostrados consistiram da combinação de dois sistemas de preparo do solo (plantio direto e aração mais gradagem do solo) com duas rotações: (1) pousio/arroz - pousio/soja e (2) crotalária/arroz - milheto/soja. Como referência, foi amostrada também uma área de Cerrado, nas adjacências do local do experimento. As determinações de C e N das diferentes frações orgânicas foram realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2000. Em relação ao Cerrado, houve uma redução de cerca de 50 % nos teores de C e N dos solos cultivados. Os estoques de C e N nas áreas cultivadas não se mostraram inferiores nas áreas com revolvimento de solo, em relação às áreas sob plantio direto. A maior parte (60-90 %) do carbono mostrou-se associada às frações granulométricas mais finas e a aração do solo aumentou esta tendência. Os teores de C nas frações leves foram reduzidos com a substituição da vegetação de Cerrado pelos agroecossistemas, e essa fração da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) caracterizou-se como o indicador mais sensível das alterações causadas pelos sistemas de cultivo avaliados sobre o teor da MOS. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cultivation systems on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and on the distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). Density and particle-size fractionations were used to isolate free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and heavy fractions (HF) of a Red-Yellow Latosol from a field experiment at Embrapa Rice and Beans in Goiás, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a combination of soil tillage and crop rotation. Soil tillage systems utilized were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (mouldboard ploughing followed by light disc harrowings - CT), under two crop rotations: fallow/rice - fallow/soybean and sunhemp/rice - millet/soybean. As a reference, soil samples were collected from a non-cultivated area nearby the field experiment. All samples were analyzed at Embrapa Soils between January and August 2000. Compared to the forest site, soil cultivation led to a decrease of 50 % in the C and N contents, under both tillage systems. Decreased C and N storages in the cultivated soils were less for ploughed soils than soils under no-tillage. The largest proportion (60-90 %) of C and N was associated with the finest soil particles, with ploughing increasing this tendency. The C content of light fractions decreased due to the replacement of the Cerrado vegetation by cropping systems. Light fraction of the soil organic matter was a sensitive indicator of changes in SOM content caused by cropping systems.

The objective of this study is trying to reveal the reactions of healthy children facing their brothers oncologic illness through their mothers perception. To collecting the data surveying descriptive study with qualitative characteristics was realized. An interview with 8 mothers and the informations about their 13 children analysis allow us to know the reaction of these children facing their brothers diagnostic, hospitalization and parents different conducts.