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This study tries to solve some issues in the construction sector related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) numbers 3 (health and well-being) and 8 (decent work and economic growth) of the 2030 Agenda, improving the working conditions of workers in the construction sector, at certain latitudes, since they are constantly exposed to inclement weather conditions and their safety may be adversely affected. Therefore, a design of a new procedure for the installation of a panel-based façade is proposed, which allows the complete closing of the building during its execution and thus improves the comfort and safety of workers. In addition to the constructive definition of the proposed system, its implementation procedure and the energy consumption during the interior air conditioning phase are analyzed. In addition, a comparative study of execution times between the proposed procedure and a conventional solution is performed. The conclusions of the study highlight that the proposed system improves: the working conditions in extreme climates and prevents risks derived from work in extreme weather conditions; the precision in the formation of window and door openings and their coordination with the modular façades; the ease of execution and delays the placement of the exterior scaffolding. Overall, the proposed procedure reduces the weight of the façade and the thermal transmittance by 13.5% and reduces not only costs due to the modulation of the system, but also execution times in the façade and interior work phases (around 40%) and the structure phase (around 32%). © 2021

La zona de producción de vinos generosos conocida como Marco de Jerez cuenta con un tipo particular de bodegas, las “catedrales del vino”. Estos edificios de extraordinarias dimensiones que vivieron su apogeo durante el siglo XIX reciben su nombre por la similitud que muestran con los templos de la cristiandad. Este trabajo desvela el fenómeno de la estratificación vertical, a través de la monitorización de temperatura y humedad relativa a diferentes alturas. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que la estratificación vertical es notable en primavera y verano. En los meses más calurosos, las diferencias durante la tarde superan los 4⁰C y 15% HR en la zona de barricas, y los 15⁰C y 35% HR. considerando toda la altura de la bodega. Este comportamiento justifica las técnicas utilizadas en el sistema tradicional de crianza, situando el vino con más edad en la zona inferior. El diseño característico de las bodegas catedral hace posible estratificar el aire y proteger al vino de los incrementos de temperatura y las bajadas de humedad relativa; su comportamiento podría servir de inspiración y referencia para un diseño más eficiente de nuevas construcciones para la crianza del vino tinto.

In the School of Building Engineering of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), lectures have identified several problems that are related to student learning. A mong others we can highlight the abandonment of studies, the high absenteeism and the high compartmentalization of knowledge.There are many situations in which the knowledge acquired by students in a specific subject is only applied to pass the subject and it is forgotten at the end of the semester. In order to solve the issues, a group of lectures from different disciplines have cooperatively prepared some subjects through the Flipped Classroom model. The work included in this paper were developed by several members of the “Actitud Constructiva” UPM Innovative Education Group. The work has been supported by the “Transversal Knowledge through flipped classroom” educational innovation.

The ventilated façade has great advantages when compared to traditional façades as it reduces the air conditioning thermal loads due to the stack effect induced by solar radiation in the air chamber. Optimizing energy consumption by using a ventilated façade can be used not only in newly built buildings but also it can be implemented in existing buildings, opening the field of implementation to energy building retrofitting works. In this sense, the following three prototypes of façade where designed, built and further analyzed in this research: non-ventilated façade (NVF); slightly ventilated façade (SLVF) and strongly ventilated façade (STVF). The construction characteristics of the three facades are based on the Spanish regulation of building construction "Technical Building Code". The façades have been monitored by type-k thermocouples in a representative day of the summer season in Madrid (Spain). Moreover, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, studying the thermal lag in the ventilated and no-ventilated façades has been designed. Results show that STVF façade presents higher levels of thermal inertia as the thermal lag reduces up to 17% (daily mean) compared to the non-ventilated façade. In addition, the statistical analysis proves that an increase of the ventilation holes size in STVF façades can improve the thermal lag significantly (p >0.05) when compared to the SLVF façade., {"references":["Institute for Diversification and Energy Savings (IDAE). Plan for\nEnergy Saving and Efficiency 2011-2020. 2nd National Action Plan for\nEnergy Efficiency in Spain. Available in: http://www.idae.es (Query:\nFebruary, 2015).","Directive 2002/91/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of\n16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings.","Directive 20010/91/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council\nof 19 May 2002 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)","Real Decreto 314/2006, of 17 March 2006 amending the Technical\nBuilding Code is approved. Available in: http://www.codigotecnico.org\n(Query: March 10, 2011).","Real Decreto 47/2007, of January 19, amending the Basic Procedure for\ncertification of energy efficiency of new buildings is approved.","E. Giancola A.; C. Sanjuan A.; E. Blanco B.; M. R. Heras. Experimental\nassessment and modelling of the performance of an open joint¸\nventilated façade during actual operating conditions in Mediterranean\nclimate. Energy and Buildings, 2012, Vol.54, 363-375","Patania, F.; Gagliano, A.; Nocera, F.; Ferlito, A.; Gasely, A.. \"Thermofluid-\ndynamic analysis of ventilated facades\". Energy and Buildings,\n2010, Vol.42, Issue 7, 148-155.","Suareza, C.; Joubert, P.; Molina, J. L.; Sánchez, F. J. \"Heat transfer and\nmass flow correlations for ventilated facades\". Energy and Buildings,\n2011, Vol.43, 3696-3703.","García de María, J. M. Baïri, A., Costa V. A. F. \"Empirical correlations\nat high Ra for steady-state free convection in 2D air filled\nparallelogrammic enclosures with discrete heat sources\". International\nJournal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, Issues 19-20, September\n2010, Pages 3831-3838\n[10] Silvestre L., García de María, J. M., Camarasa M., Viñas C. \"Thermal\nstudy of glass façades\". VII National Congress of Engineering\nThermodynamic. Bilbao. June 2011\n[11] Kinnear, P. R. and C. D. Gray, SPSS 15 Made Simple, ed. P.P. Ltd.\n2007, Brighton & Hove and New York: Taylor & Francis Group."]}