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From the requirements, high-performance cooling systems in the applications of solar, heat exchangers, and chemical industries are needed to improve efficiency. The metal-oxides-based nanofluids composed the better thermal properties with exchange of heat-transfer mechanisms. Therefore, this study mainly focused on nanosilicon dioxide materials to produce the nanofluids with blending of water-base medium by two-step techniques. The scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the presence of silicon dioxide nanoparticles from the procured material. During the two-step method input aspects like weight fraction of silicon dioxide (1.5–4.5 wt%), particle sizes (10–30 µm), pH range of water (5–9), and sonication process time (2–4 hr) were considered. The outcomes like thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and viscosity were selected as thermal physical properties. The desirability techniques were implemented to identify the best optimal input parameters from the nanofluid processing. From the desirability outcomes, the processed nanosilicon dioxide fluids with respective input parameters were 0.9623 W/mK for thermal conductivity, 688 J/kg K forspecific heat capacity, and 0.00162 for viscosity, respectively. The heat-transfer coefficient was successfully identified with processed nanosilicon dioxide fluids, and the Nusselt number and Reynolds number were attained with respective heat-transfer coefficients.

In this particular instance, Taguchi methods are being used to look into how magnesium alloy (AZ60A) hybridized metal matrix composite wears. Using the stir casting method, they were made into the shape they were. Pin-on-disk tribometer instrument was used to figure out how much dry sliding wear happened on hybridized composites at different loads (30 N, 60 N, and 90 N), sliding speeds (1.045 m/s, 1.59 m/s, and 2.08 m/s), and compositions (1, 2, and 3 wt percent of each of boron nitride and graphite). We used the Taguchi strategy and the design of experiment method to look at how hybrid composites wear. The analysis of variance was used to look at the wear rate.

Organic fiber-based biocomposites have gained prominence in a variety of sectors over the last four to five years due to their exceptional mechanical and physical properties. Natural fiber-based composites are increasingly being employed in autos, ships, airplanes, and infrastructure projects. The current study will look at the effect of nanotitanium oxide (TiO2) fillers on the properties of hybridised jute-hemp-based composites. In this work, TiO2-filled biocomposites were created using the hand layup method in hybrid jute-hemp composites containing jute fiber mats, woven hemp mats, and epoxy resin. After nanotitanium oxide fillers were injected in various weight proportions, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymers were investigated. The mechanical properties of laminated composites were tested using the ASTM standard. Compared to 2 and 4 wt.% of TiO2, the 6 wt.% was provided the highest mechanical strength. Among the different types of specimen, the E-type specimen (30 wt.% of hemp, 7 wt.% of jute, 57 wt.% of epoxy, and 6 wt.% of TiO2) gives their highest contribution, i.e., for tensile 24.21%, for flexural 25.03%, and for impact 24.56%. The scanning electron microscope was utilized to analyse the microstructures of nanocomposites.

Now a days natural fibers are progressively projected as a choice of conventional synthetic fibers which causes an adverse impact on the surroundings. Rise within the utilization of environment-friendly natural fibers as reinforcement for the manufacture of lightweight, low-cost polymer with excellent mechanical, thermal and tribological properties can be made globally. One such material of interesting material being presently used is basalt fiber, which is the most-efficient and provides important properties over Carbon fibers, Glass fiber, and some other fibers. In this attempt, an effort made to showcase the tribological properties achieved for application in specific wear conditions like abrasive, sliding and erosion of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites.

A representation for the effect of internally heated on penetrative Benard-Marangoni-ferroconvection (BMF) driven by constant and uniform volumetric heating with magnetic field dependent (M FD) viscosity is studied. The lower surface is rigid-isothermal and the upper free surface is considered to be plane and non-deformable subject to Robin type of thermal boundary condition. A Galerkin-type is based on the weighted residual method (WRM ) has been used to obtain the eigenvalue for gravity and magnetic thermal Rayleigh number. It is noted that the buoyancy, magnetic and surface tension forces influence the onset of BMF. The onset of BMF is delayed with an increase in magnetic field dependent viscosity parameter (Λ), Biot number (Bi) and magnetic susceptibility (χ) with an increase in the region of stability. In addition, the nonlinearity of fluid magnetization (M 3) and magnetic number (M 1) is found to hasten the onset of FTC. Some existing results are reproduced as particular cases from the present study.

Fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials show several superior properties over conventional engineering materials. Glass fibre has excellent mechanical properties. Hence, it is used as reinforcing agent to produce a very strong and relatively lightweight polymer composite. In order to enhance, the properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates by incorporating filler material to increase strength and mechanical properties. In this study, primary venture is to add up graphene and tungsten carbide filler into GFRP and study the behaviour of tensile, flexural strength. The composite was fabricated by hand lay-up process with sample thickness of 2.8 mm. It has been evaluated by the addition of 2, 4 and 6% of weight percentage graphene and tungsten carbide nanopowder filler material. The properties of the laminates will be tested by carrying out tensile and flexural strength per ASTM standard D 3039 and D 790, respectively. The effect of the addition of 2 wt% graphene will show the tremendous improvement in flexural strength, whereas addition 4 wt% of tungsten carbide shows excellent improvement in tensile strength compared with parent GFRP having an absence of filler material. It was observed that the GFRP reinforced with graphene and tungsten carbide improves the mechanical properties of GFRP.