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1. Sierra Elvira limestone: petrophysical characteristics of an Andalusian heritage stone

Author

E. Sebastián Pardo, G. Cultrone, V. Garibaldi, C. Rodríguez Navarro, M. J. de la Torre, and I. Valverde

Subjects
limestone, natural stone, physical and mechanical properties, durability, architectural heritage, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

“Sierra Elvira stone” is one of the ornamental building stones most widely used in the historical monuments of eastern Andalusia. A Liassic age limestone, it appears in the central section of the Baetic Mountains and more specifically in the Middle Subbaetic domain. While the most common variety is a crinoid limestone, a micritic limestone of the same age has also been quarried, albeit in much smaller quantities. These stones form very thick beds, up to nearly 5 m deep, that run in consistently parallel lines and have a dip angle that facilitates quarrying. With petrographic, physical and mechanical properties that ensure stone strength and durability, it is a high quality building material suitable for both structural and ornamental purposes. These properties can be attributed to the minimal open porosity and concomitant excellent water resistance that characterize the stone, as well as to its high mechanical strength and low textural anisotropy, both elastic and mechanical. With such attributes, the stone can be successfully used for any number of purposes, including decorative stonework (portals, fountains, plinths), structural members (column shafts and bases) or urban curbing and paving. Intervention on Sierra de Elvira limestone structures should be limited to cleaning or repair, for consolidating or protective materials are scantly effective.

Published
2008
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2. Long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone long-acting injection or oral antipsychotics in Spain: results from the electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry (e-STAR)

Author

J M, Olivares, A, Rodriguez-Morales, J, Diels, M, Povey, A, Jacobs, Z, Zhao, A, Lam, J C, Villalobos Vega, J Alonso, Cuéllar, F J Alberca, de Castro, C Morillo-Velarde, Quintero, J F Román, Martíin, P Tabares, Domínguez, J L Prados, Ojeda, S Sanz, Cortés, F I Mata, Cala, C Gutiérrez, Marín, L Moyano, Castro, M A Haza, Duaso, J Requena, Albarracín, G Narbona, Vergara, A Fernández, Benítez, F Mayoral, Cleries, J M García-Herrera, Pérez-Brian, A Bordallo, Aragón, J C Rodríguez, Navarro, J A Algarra, Biedma, R Bravo, de Pedro, J F Delgado, González, M E Jaén, López, H Díaz, Moreno, J A Soto, López, E Ojeda, Rodríguez, C Martínez, de Hoyos, M Pardilla, Sacristán, M D Molina, Martín, E Martín, Ballesteros, P A Sopelana, Rodríguez, L Fernández, Menéndez, R Santos, Rivas, P, del Pino Cuadrado, J Correas, Lauffer, J J Rodríguez, Solano, J M Fernández, Martínez, F García, Solano, P García-Lamberde, Rodríguez, J A Romero, Rodríguez, T Rodríguez, Cano, M Ducaju, Fortacin, J M Blanco, Lobeiras, J M Piñeiro, Sampedro, A Pérez, Bravo, A Fernández, Pellicer, M D Alonso, López, J Fraga, Liste, M Riobo, Fernández, A Casas, Losada, R Vazquez-Noguerol, Mendez, S Agra, Romero, J J Blanco, Blanco, I Tortajada, Bonaselt, M C García, Mahia, E Ferrer Gómez, del Valle, P Quiroga, Yañez, M Gelabert, Camarasa, J A Barbado, Alonso, G Florez, Mendez, F Doce, Feliz, M A López, Lamela, M Vega, Piñero, P Fuentes, Alvarado, I López, Gómez, P Fadon, Martín, J L Santos, Gómez, A García, López, A Rodríguez, Jiménez, A Escudero, Nafs, N Casas, Barquero, R Fernández-Villamor, Ortiz, J L Velez, Noguera, P Ruiz, Carrasco, J Martín, Muñoz, M Masegoza, Palma, C Marín, Hortelano, L Sánchez, Bonome, J Sánchez, Sevilla, J M Mongil San, Juan, J M García, Ramos, J L Vallejo, Muñoz, J Elorza, Guisasola, L Santamaria, Vazquez, F Campo, Guerras, F J Arrufat, Nebot, F J Baron, Fernández, A L Palomo, Nicolau, R Catala, Subirats, M Messays, Kidias, V Fabregat, Navarro, B Frades, García, F Mejias, del Rosal, T, de Vicente Muñoz, J Año, Ballester, P Malabia, Lieb, A Delgado, Martel, E Roca, Bea, I Grau, Joaquim, F Boatas, Enjuanes, M Bañuelos, Piñol, E Fontova I, Carbonell, R Martín, Muñoz, C Argila, Giribets, L Albages, Sans, A Serrano, Blanco, M Arcega, Felipe, P González, Muñoz, A Pons, Villanueva, M Bernardo, Arroyo, R Coronas, Borri, S Miret, Fallada, M Celma, Merola, E Parellada, Rodon, J R Pigem, Palmes, E Pérez, Martínez, J Matarredona, Catala, A Sandoval, Coca, F Pascual, Ferrandiz, E Ferrandiz, Paya, G Iturri, Caballero, A Franco, Bonet, J Fluvia, Figueras, P Moreno, Pagador, M Medina, Garibo, V Pérez, Camo, C Sanz, Carrillo, C Pelegrin, Valero, F J Caro, Rebollo, J, García Campayo, J M Sala, Sala Ayma, M Martínez, Roig, M A, de Uña Mateos, R García, Bertolin, A Martín, García, F Jiménez, Mazo, J L Galvez, Velasco, L Santa Maria, Pérez, C Jiménez, Casado, J J Mancheño, Barba, M Conde, Diaz, J P Alcon, Rubio, A Soler, Mandoli, A Uson, Herrero, A Rodríguez, Martínez, P Salgado, Serrano, E Nieto, Rodríguez, J Segui, Montesinos, J Ferragud, Macia, A Mateos, Mateos Marcos, J V Pérez-Fuster, Soto, M Verdaguer, Dumont, J Parra, Pagan, V Balanza, Martínez, M, Santiuste de Pablos, C Espinosa, Delgado, M D Martínez, Quiles, F J Manzanera, López, P Pozo, Navarro, A Micol, Torres, F J Martínez, Ingles, J M Salmeron, Arias-Camison, J C López, Manzano, R Villanueva, Peña, G Petersen, Guitarte, H Blasco, Fontecilla, J Barjau, Romero, R Sanz, Gil, J Marín, Lozano, L Donaire, Adanez, I, Zarranz Herrera-Oria, J Pérez, Jiménez, F Carrato, Vaz, O Sanz, García, C Contreras, Anton, R Reixach, Casula, M C Natividad, Hernandez, F Teba, Escabias, J Rodríguez, Torresano, A Huidobro, Pérez-Villamil, L, Estevez, M Aragües, Figuero, A, Muñoz de Morales, J L Rodríguez, Calvin, M Delgado, Criado, V Molina, Rodríguez, E Balbo, Ambrosolio, P M Holgado, Madera, G Ponce, Alfaro, M M Rojas, Vidal, A García, Valtuille, O, Ruiz, G Lucas, Cabornero, M, Echevarria Martínez de Bujo, M J Maicas, Mallen, J Santandreu, Puigros, A Liñana, Martorell, A Clar, Forteza, E Rodríguez, Arrebola, M, Rodríguez de la Torre, C G Anton, Saiz, C, Bardolet I Casas, E Rodríguez, Linde, R, De Arce Cordon, E M Padial, Molina, F J Ruiz, Carazo, J J Muro, Romero, D Vico, Cano, M Soria, Dorado, S Campos, Velazquez, A J Rodríguez, Sánchez, S Ocio, Leon, K Pachas, Sánchez, M Henry, Benitez, A Intxausti, Zugarramurai, M A, Contreras, M, De la Varga González, P Barreiro, Marín, F Gómez, Robina, M Sánchez, García, F J Otero, Pérez, P Cubero, Bros, A Carrillo, Gómez, J, de Dios Molina Martín, J L Carrasco, Perera, M C, Averbach, E Goenaga, Palancares, M T, Gallego de Dios, C Fernández, Rojo, S Sánchez, Iglesias, M I Rubio, Merino, N Prieto, Mestre, A Pérez, Urdaniz, J M Martínez, Sánchez, R Gordo, Seco, J Franco, Muñoz, M Mateos, Agut, M L Blanco, Lozano, F Martín, Herguedas, A Torcal, Pena, J Vicente, García, A Varona, Martínez, O Sanz, Sanz Granado, M A Medina, Fernández, J M Moran, Canseco, P A Megia, López, M A Franco, Martín, J A Espina, Barrio, J Giner, Ubago, M Roca, Bennassar, J M Olivares, Díez, J L Hernandez, Fleta, F Porras, Fortes, C Arango, López, O, Medina, D Figuera, Alvarez, J M Peña, Roca, G Rubio, Valladolid, J A Furquet, Tavera, J A, García-Castrillon Sales, I Batalla, Llordes, C Anchuistegui, Melgarejo, F, Cañas de la Paz, V Vallés, Callol, M Bousoño, García, J Bobes, García, F J Vaz, Leal, E Cáceres, Corrales, E Sánchez, Iglesias, M A Carreiras, Gómez, G García, Serrano, E G Román, Chillarón, F J Samino, Aguado, J J Molina, Castillo, A González, González, J Gallardo, Vázquez, M Bolivar, Peralvarez, M Rios, Diaz, M Ybarzabal, Mesa, F J Acosta, Artiles, M Ajoy, Chao, P, del Rosario Santana, M A García, Escudero, M Molla, Berenguer, J M Bonete, Llacer, J A Juan, Berna, J Barragán, Ortiz, L Tost, Pardell, C, Hernández-Alvarez de Sotomayor, M R Cejas, Méndez, R Cabrera, Garate, B Díaz, Múgica, M Caballero, González, J Pujol, Domingo, C Sáez, Navarro, G Selva, Vera, M A, Cuquerella, J Lonjedo, Monzo, P Cervera, Boada, M F Martín, Pérez, E Carrasco, Parrado, J J Yañez, Sánchez, and J Calvo, Fernández

Subjects
Olanzapine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Atypical antipsychotic, Administration, Oral, Injections, Intramuscular, Patient Readmission, law.invention, Medication Adherence, 03 medical and health sciences, Benzodiazepines, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, Prospective cohort study, Antipsychotic, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risperidone, business.industry, Dopamine antagonist, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Long-Term Care, 030227 psychiatry, Surgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

BackgroundThe electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry (e-STAR) is a prospective, observational study of patients with schizophrenia designed to evaluate long-term treatment outcomes in routine clinical practice.MethodsParameters were assessed at baseline and at 3 month intervals for 2 years in patients initiated on risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) (n= 1345) or a new oral antipsychotic (AP) (n= 277; 35.7% and 36.5% on risperidone and olanzapine, respectively) in Spain. Hospitalization prior to therapy was assessed by a retrospective chart review.ResultsAt 24 months, treatment retention (81.8% for RLAI versus 63.4% for oral APs,p< 0.0001) and reduction in Clinical Global Impression Severity scores (−1.14 for RLAI versus −0.94 for APs,p= 0.0165) were significantly higher with RLAI. Compared to the pre-switch period, RLAI patients had greater reductions in the number (reduction of 0.37 stays per patient versus 0.2,p< 0.05) and days (18.74 versus 13.02,p< 0.01) of hospitalizations at 24 months than oral AP patients.ConclusionsThis 2 year, prospective, observational study showed that, compared to oral antipsychotics, RLAI was associated with better treatment retention, greater improvement in clinical symptoms and functioning, and greater reduction in hospital stays and days in hospital in patients with schizophrenia. Improved treatment adherence, increased efficacy and reduced hospitalization with RLAI offer the opportunity of substantial therapeutic improvement in schizophrenia.

Published
2008

3. La caliza de Sierra Elvira: comportamiento petrofísico de una piedra significativa del Patrimonio Arquitectónico Andaluz

Author

I. Valverde, Giuseppe Cultrone, M. J. de la Torre, E. Sebastián Pardo, V. Garibaldi, and C. Rodríguez Navarro

Subjects
Parámetros físicos-mécanicos, Water resistance, Architectural heritage, Piedra natural, Mineralogy, Building material, Building and Construction, engineering.material, Limestone, Archaeology, Durability, Petrography, Physical and mechanical properties, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Natural stone, Patrimonio arquitectónico, Geology, Caliza, Durabilidad
Abstract

La “Piedra de Sierra Elvira” constituye una de las piedras ornamentales más significativas del Patrimonio Arquitectónico de Andalucía Oriental. Es una roca caliza del Lias que aflora en el Subbético Medio del sector central de las Cordilleras Béticas. El litotipo más explotado es una caliza con crinoides, en bastante menor importancia se ha extraído también otra caliza micrítica de la misma edad. Los bancos son muy potentes, en algunos casos de más de 5 m, con un paralelismo constante y un buzamiento que favorece su explotación en los frentes de cantera. Sus características petrográficas y físico-mecánicas le confieren una calidad técnica y durabilidad muy notables para su utilización como material de construcción estructural y ornamental. Los principales parámetros que determinan estas cualidades son su mínima porosidad eficaz y asociado a ello sus excelentes propiedades hídricas, así como sus elevadas resistencias mecánicas y el bajo coeficiente de anisotropía textural, tanto elástico como mecánico. Este conjunto de características ha permitido su utilización en muy diversas funciones constructivas., “Sierra Elvira stone” is one of the ornamental building stones most widely used in the historical monuments of eastern Andalusia. A Liassic age limestone, it appears in the central section of the Baetic Mountains and more specifically in the Middle Subbaetic domain. While the most common variety is a crinoid limestone, a micritic limestone of the same age has also been quarried, albeit in much smaller quantities. These stones form very thick beds, up to nearly 5 m deep, that run in consistently parallel lines and have a dip angle that facilitates quarrying. With petrographic, physical and mechanical properties that ensure stone strength and durability, it is a high quality building material suitable for both structural and ornamental purposes. These properties can be attributed to the minimal open porosity and concomitant excellent water resistance that characterize the stone, as well as to its high mechanical strength and low textural anisotropy, both elastic and mechanical. With such attributes, the stone can be successfully used for any number of purposes, including decorative stonework (portals, fountains, plinths), structural members (column shafts and bases) or urban curbing and paving. Intervention on Sierra de Elvira limestone structures should be limited to cleaning or repair, for consolidating or protective materials are scantly effective., Los autores agradecen la financiación del Proyecto de investigación MEC MAT2004-6804 y el Grupo de Investigación RNM179 de la Junta de Andalucía.

Published
2008

5. Role of clay constituents in stone decay processes

Author

F. Veniale, M. Setti, C. Rodríguez-Navarro, and S. Lodola

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Stone alterability/durability is depending upon a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors among which "clay minerals" constituents, either diffused throughout the stone framework or as coating-filling of void spaces, can play an important role. Swelling-shrinking and aggregation-disaggregation phenomena occurring by interaction of argillaceous particles with water and other fluids can cause destructuration of the stone resulting in a variety of pathologies. Also salt crystallization which is depending on fluid transfer, moisture evaporation and ion concentration in the circulating solutions, can be influenced by clay mineral reactivity. Furthermore, saline solutions can drastically change the clay minerals behaviour, resulting in enhanced "osmotic" swelling and variations in clay aggregation geometry; these phenomena resulting in significant stone damage. Case histories concerning several lithotypes used for monumental buildings and artistic manufacts are reported for showing the role of different clay mineral types in determining trend and intensity of decay processes.

Published
2001
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6. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (II): Nanogranular features in biomimetic minerals disclose a general colloid-mediated crystal growth mechanism.

Author

Rodríguez-Navarro C, Ruiz-Agudo E, Harris J, and Wolf SE

Subjects
Biomimetics methods, Calcium Carbonate metabolism, Crystallization, Minerals chemistry, Nanoparticles metabolism, Colloids, Minerals metabolism, Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract

Recent research has shown that biominerals and their biomimetics (i) typically form via an amorphous precursor phase, and (ii) commonly display a nanogranular texture. Apparently, these two key features are closely related, underlining the fact that the formation of biominerals and their biomimetics does not necessarily follow classical crystallization routes, and leaves a characteristic nanotextural imprint which may help to disclose their origins and formation mechanisms. Here we present a general overview of the current theories and models of nonclassical crystallization and their applicability for the advance of our current understanding of biomineralization and biomimetic mineralization. We pay particular attention to the link between nonclassical crystallization routes and the resulting nanogranular textures of biomimetic CaCO 3 mineral structures. After a general introductory section, we present an overview of classical nucleation and crystal growth theories and their limitations. Then, we introduce the Ostwald's step rule as a general framework to explain nonclassical crystallization. Subsequently, we describe nonclassical crystallization routes involving stable prenucleation clusters, dense liquid and solid amorphous precursor phases, as well as current nonclassical crystal growth models. The latter include oriented attachment, mesocrystallization and the new model based on the colloidal growth of crystals via attachment of amorphous nanoparticles. Biomimetic examples of nanostructured CaCO 3 minerals formed via these nonclassical routes are presented which help us to show that colloid-mediated crystal growth can be regarded as a wide-spread growth mechanism. Implications of these observations for the advance in the current understanding on the formation of biomimetic materials and biominerals are finally outlined., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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7. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (I): Process-structure-property relationships of nanogranular biominerals.

Author

Wolf SE, Böhm CF, Harris J, Demmert B, Jacob DE, Mondeshki M, Ruiz-Agudo E, and Rodríguez-Navarro C

Subjects
Animals, Calcification, Physiologic, Colloids, Crystallization, Minerals chemistry, Minerals metabolism, Nanoparticles chemistry
Abstract

A distinct nanogranular fine structure is shared by a wealth of biominerals from several species, classes and taxa. This nanoscopic organization affects the properties and behavior of the biogenic ceramic material and confers on them attributes that are essential to their function. We present a set of structure-relationship properties that are rooted in the nanogranular organization and we propose that they rest on a common pathway of formation, a colloid-driven and hence nonclassical mode of crystallization. With this common modus operandi, we reveal the most fundamental and wide spread process-structure-property relationship in biominerals. With the recent increase in our understanding of nonclassical crystallization in vitro and in vivo, this significant process-structure-property relationship will serve as a source for new design approaches of bio-inspired materials., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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