Search

The pineapple, besides presenting numerous sensorial qualities, shows high dietary value. The purpose of this work was to evaluate some physicochemical changes of ‘Perola’ pineapple subjected to different types of mechanical injuries, simulating the main damages suffered for this fruit from harvest to marketing. Fruit were subjected to the following treatments: T1: non-injured fruit (control); T2: one 60 cm free fall; T3: four longitudinal cuts (70 mm long and 2 mm deep); T4: eight perforations (3×2 mm) in the fruit base; and T5: compression for 30 min (equivalent force of 160 Newton). After treatments, the fruit were stored for 15 days at 11°C and 85% RH. Every five days, the fruits were evaluated for firmness (N), pulp translucency (in scale from 0 to 4, where 0 = opaque, 4 = 100% of translucent pulp), juice percentage (%), ratio of soluble solids/titratable acidity, ascorbic acid (mg ascorbic acid 100 g(-1)) and pulp color (L*, a* and b*). The compression treatment showed a significant loss of firmness during storage, reaching 48% after 15 days. The translucency was not significantly different between the treatments. The juice percentage that was initially 51.8% decreased to a level between 41 and 45% after 15 days of storage. The ratio of soluble solids/titratable acidity that initially was 26.35 decreased to around 18. The ascorbic acid increased in all treatments along the storage. The values of L*, a* and b* were not significantly different between treatments. It was considered the compression was the more important factor in mechanical injury of ‘Perola’ pineapple at postharvest, which usually happens during transportation.

Resume Objectif Etudier le devenir a court terme et les facteurs de risque d’une evolution defavorable pour les patients transportes non medicalises (TNM) apres intervention du SMUR. Methode Etude prospective, departementale, incluant 500 patients TNM consecutifs. Les evenements suivants, survenant dans les 72 heures, ont ete releves: deces attendus et non attendus, prise en charge par le SMUR et aux urgences, diagnostics SMUR et hospitaliers. Les donnees ont ete collectees aupres des dossiers du SMUR, des comptes rendus d’hospitalisation et des fiches de suivi telephonique. Resultats Aucun patient n’a ete perdu de vue. Les pourcentages et intervalles de confiance a 95 % sont, pour les deces non attendus: 1,2 % [0-3 %], les hospitalisations: 51 % [47-56 %] dont 5 % [3-7 %] en reanimation, les transferts pour geste urgent ( Conclusion Les evolutions imprevues a court terme ne sont pas rares pour les patients TNM apres intervention du SMUR. Les facteurs de risque principaux semblent etre les appels pour douleurs thoraciques et dyspnees. Pour ces patients, le transport medicalise devrait etre encourage au moindre doute.

The effect of a newly developed anti-LH-RH vaccine on the performance, sexual development, and incidence of boar taint-related compounds was investigated in young intact male pigs. At 29 kg BW, 40 crossbred intact males and 20 castrates were allocated to three groups. Castrates and half of the intact males were untreated. The remaining intact males were immunized against LH-RH at 29 kg and again at 89 kg BW. All pigs were slaughtered at 105 kg BW. Compared with control intact males, feed efficiency in castrates was decreased by 10%, muscle content was reduced by 5%, and carcass fat content was increased by 26%. Growth performance and carcass traits did not differ significantly between immunized and control intact males. Genital tract weight, measured at slaughter, was decreased (P < or = .002) by immunization. Plasma testosterone concentrations were not significantly affected at 89 kg BW, whereas they were sevenfold lower (P < .001) in immunized than in control intact males at 105 kg BW. Fat androsterone levels, measured at slaughter, were substantially reduced (P < .001) from .66 +/- .07 microgram/g in control to .21 +/- .01 microgram/g in immunized intact males. Rates of testicular steroid biosynthesis, measured in vitro, were decreased by immunocastration. Fat skatole levels were very low and did not differ significantly between the three groups. The present results demonstrate that anti-LHRH immunization was effective in reducing the level of androstenone, a boar taint-related compound, although having a limited effect on the performance of the animals.

In (heavy ion, xn) reactions, X-rays and low energy γ-rays emitted by the compound nuclei are investigated using a catcher system for recoiling nuclei within the 10–100 keV energy range. The nucleide 198Pb is studied by means of this technique. A 90 keV E2 (or E2 + M1) transition is identified together with information related to the 12+ → 10+ E2 transition energy. The B(E2; 12+ → 10+) value is deduced. The effective charge extracted from the analysis of the reduced transition probability between two members of the (vi132)−2 multiplet is compared to the corresponding values for other lead isotopes.

High spin isomeric states in 197Pb have been investigated by in-beam gamma ray technics. These states are produced in (heavy ion, xn) reactions. various experiments performed are summarized in table I.

The radioactive decay of 203Bi is studied. A level scheme is proposed for 203Pb on the basis of γ-ray and electron spectra and γ-γ coincidence measurements. The experimental data are compared with theoretical results obtained in a three quasiparticle approximation.

Theγ de-excitation of odd neutron deficient lead isotopes with mass numbers 193–199, produced by (heavy ion,x n) reactions, was studied with the particular aim of searching for high spin states of the (i13/2)−3 configuration. The properties of levels in199, 197, 195Pb are compared with the predictions of a three quasi-particle calculation, forJ=29/2−15/2, and with the corresponding results in the neighbouring even lead isotopes.

The nucleus 192Pt is Coulomb excited with 370 MeV 84Kr projectiles. Levels up to spin 8+ (10+) in the ground band and up to 6+ in the γ-band are observed. The B(E2) values implied by the observed yields are compared with predictions of different nuclear models. Particular attention is paid to the ground band transition rates and the rotation-alignment model.

The two very neutron-deficient isotopes of lead A = 190, 192 have been produced and studied through the reaction 156, 154Gd(40Ar, 4nγ)192, 190Pb. The identification of those nuclei was also checked by cross bombardment using the two additional reactions 182W(16O, 6γ)192Pb and 156Gd(40Ar, 6nγ)190Pb. The pulsed 40Ar beam available at ALICE (Orsay) enabled us to record singles γ-spectra as well as four-dimensional (energy-time) spectra corresponding to the correlation of two Ge(Li) detectors for different time windows. Tentative level schemes are proposed. No significant deviation from the systematic behaviour previously reported for the heavier isotopes is found. The data are consistently reproduced within a two-quasiparticle formalism using a surface δ-interaction. However, a slow decrease of the 21+ level energy with decreasing A is observed, which could be an indication of a weakly increasing collective trend when the number of neutron holes increases. These experimental conclusions are in fair agreement with the theoretical results obtained by Dickman and Dietrich who predict a spherical shape for the ground states of the lead isotopes with A ≧ 184 .

Tentative level schemes are proposed for106–108Sn isotopes studied through the58Ni+54Fe→112Xe* reaction. A one MeV energy gap is observed above the 6+ level suggesting a possible excitation of thevh 11/2 orbital.

Using the TDPAD method, the g-factor of the 31/2- core excited isomeric state in 209Po populated in the natPb(α,xn)209Po reaction using 40-51 MeV α-particles has been measured to be g corr(31/2-, 209Po)= +0.625 ± 0.005. The configuration of this state has been proposed to be about 85% π(h 9/2 i 13/2)νg 9/2(j -2)0+ and 15% π(h 9/2 i 13/2)νi 13/2 -1. The g-factor indicates that there is, in addition, an admixture of π(h 9/2 f 7/2)νj 15/2(j -2)0+.

g -factor and lifetime measurements were performed for isomeric states in the hundreds-nanoseconds range. A beam pulser was built to increase the free time range between two beam bursts. The g factors were measured using a time-differential perturbed- angular-distribution method (TDPAD). A 20 kG static magnetic field was provided by a window-frame magnet with a small leakage field. Multidimensional techniques using the ARIEL computer facilities enabled us to perform a complete analysis of the data corresponding to all delayed γ lines in the same time. This new experimental setup allowed us to derive the g factors of some isomeric states (12 + levels in neutron-deficient 194, 196, 198 Pb) and obtain accurate corresponding lifetimes.

A second-generation density logging tool has been developed that uses a gamma-ray source and two Nal scintillator detectors for borehole measurement of electron density, pe, and a quantity Fpe that is related to the lithology of the formation. An active stabilization system controls the gains of the two detectors, which permits selective gamma-ray detection. Spectral analysis is performed in the near detector (two energy windows) and in the detector farther away from the source (three energy windows). This paper describes the results of laboratory measurements undertaken to define the basic tool response. The tool is shown to provide reliable measurements of formation density and lithology under a variety of environmental conditions.

Coulomb excitation measurements have been performed with 340 MeV 84 Kr projectiles on 182 W, 184 W and 186 W. The ground state bands up to the 12 + state in 182 W and up to the 10 + states in the two other isotopes have been populated. B (E2) values, extracted from the relative Coulomb excitation yields, are compared with rigid-rotor model calculations. Properties of the ground state bands are compared with less neutron-rich even tungsten isotopes and discussed within the decoupling model.

Level schemes for 201 Pb and 199 Pb, studied from the radioactive decay of bismuth isobars, are proposed on the basis of γ-ray, electron spectra and γ-γ coincidence measurements. The experimental results are compared mainly with those of two theoretical approaches.

The g -factor of the 12 + isomeric state in lead isotopes with A = 194, 196, 198 was measured using the time-differential perturbed angular distribution method (TDPAD). The values obtained are respectively g (194) = −0.158(6); g (196) = −0.157(7); g (198) = −0.144(11). A more precise determination of the 12 + level half-life is also made. The g -factprs of these nuclear states, which are described with v (i 13 2 ) −2 as the main configuration, are surprisingly constant over a large mass range (between A = 206 and 194). A core polarization analysis explains this trend: the polarization induced on neutrons in i 13 2 orbit decreases with the mass number A (blocking effect), but a compensation is provided by the other spin-orbit partners f 7 2 -f 5 2 and P 3 2 -P 1 2 .

The low-lying excited levels of 198, 200, 202Pb have been studied by observing γ- and β-rays and γ−γ coincidences in bismuth decay. Decay schemes have been proposed for these nuclei. Half-lives were determined for the 9−, 7−, 5− and 4+ levels in 200Pb, and for the 5− level in 198Pb. Microscopic calculations have been made with Gaussian and surface delta interactions to account for level schemes. The results are discussed.

Life-time measurements were carried out by using time to amplitude conversion methods, the information being classified in a two- or three-dimensional spectrum by means of an on-line IBM 360-50 computer. In the first case, the zero time corresponds to the compound nucleus formation and is defined by a fast coincidence between a prompt γ-ray and the beam pulse detected by a thin plastic foil. In this way, the time distributions of all the γ-rays associated with a given reaction are simultaneously measured and can be extracted from the resulting 1024 (Eγ) × 256 (time) channels spectrum. The random coincidence peaks shown by all the curves with the same repetition rate as that of the cyclotron frequency (150–200 ns) can be eliminated by computing the difference between the contributions of a γ-ray and of the continuous background. However, as it is rather difficult to resolve the components of a complex decay curve, when several half-lives of intermediate levels interfere, we turned to a three-dimensional analysis in order to estimate these components. The pulse starting the TAC is due to the same type of coincidence as before but the γ-rays taken into account are now delayed relative to the compound nucleus formation. The size of this delayed γ spectrum is limited by the computer memory and only eight energy regions can be selected (four peaks and the backgrounds nearby, for example). By treatinf the 8 (Eγ2) × 1024 (Eγ2) × 256 (time) channels spectrum obtained, we can derive the decay curves of all the γ-rays with respect to each of the delayed γ transitions.

The low-lying excited states of 194, 196, 198, 200 Pb have been studied through the de-excitation γ-rays following the reactions Os( 12 C, 4n), W( 16 O, 4n) and Re( 14 N, 5n). Prompt and delayed spectra, γ-γ coincidences, γ-ray angular distributions and γ-ray time distributions have been obtained. Half-lives were measured for the 12 + level in the four isotopes, for the 9 − level in 194, 196, 200 Pb, for the 7− level in 200 Pb and for the 5− level in 196, 198 Pb. The results of microscopic calculations, performed with either a Gaussian interaction or a surface delta interaction, are compared to the experimental level schemes and transition probabilities, and discussed.

Es wird versucht nachzuweisen, das gewisse Phenazinderivate in Kombination mit Isoniazid bei der Maustuberkulose eine synergistische Wirkung entfalten. Da dies in Versuchen, deren Auswertung auf der Uberlebensdauer beruht, nicht gelingt, wird eine chronisch verlaufende Mausetuberkulose erzeugt und die Wirkung der Testsubstanzen durch Bestimmung der lebenden Tuberkelbakterien in Lunge und Milz erfast, sowie durch die Verfolgung der Resistenzentwicklung. Die Technik dieser Keimzahlmethode wird im Detail beschrieben. Aus den Versuchen geht hervor

An Lacerta viridis wurde die Regeneration des Schwanzes 8 und 12 Wochen nach Amputation innerhalb der „naturlichen“ Autotomiezone histologisch untersucht. Die Eidechsen wurden in 3 Gruppen gehalten: Gruppe I: Kontrollen mit normalem Futter Gruppe II: zusatzliche Futterung von Calciumcarbonat (18,5 mg taglich) bzw Calciumlactat (70 mg) und Gruppe III: zusatzliche Futterung von Knochenvollpraparat „Ossopan“ (50 mg).

Specific heats from 100 to 360 K and thermal conductivity at room temperature are reported for Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (“BGO”), a material with known scintillation properties. Typical data are C = 0.3 J g -1 K -1 andλ = 1.8 W m -1 K -1 at 20δC.

A previous assignment of the 21-ns isomer /sup 190/Hg as (..pi..h/sub 11/2/)/sub 10/+ /sup -2/ is investigated by means of a g-factor measurement. The experimental g factor, -0.21 +- 0.02, determines the configuration of the isomer at (..nu..i/sub 13/2/)/sup 2/ and suggests a renewed study of the level scheme of /sup 190/Hg.

The even lead isotopes with mass number A = 200 to A = 194 were produced by (heavy ions, x n) reactions and the de-excitation ? cascades studied. Evidence was found for new experimental levels. Among these, the low-lying 12+, 10+ and 9- states provide information which can be directly compared with the theoretical results.

Regardless of the duration of the culture period, the amount of both glycoprotein G and sialic acid bound to the rabies virion as not modified. The major proteins of the viral suspension were the same proteins as those of the virion, except one glycoprotein (MW 70,000).

High-spin states in204Pb were populated in the204Hg(α,4n) reaction using α-particles in the energy region 42–51 MeV. Prompt and delayedγ-rays as well as conversion electrons were studied in addition to excitation functions, angular distributions andγ-γ coincidences. In this way a stretched cascade ofγ-rays from a level at 8125.9 keV was found to feed the previously known isomeric 9− level at 2185.7 keV. Spins and parities were established for levels up to and including a 19− level at 6098.0 keV. The levels with c= 172212; and 19− at excitation energies of 5664.3 and 6098.0 keV are likely to be due to the simplep12/s-1i132/−3 andf52/−1i132/−3 configurations. The agreement between calculated and experimental energies for all observed levels in the regionJ=9–19 is very good in cases where the empirical two-particle interactions used are satisfactorily well known.

The transuranium nucleus 248 Cm has been Coulomb excited using 641 MeV 136 Xe and 260 MeV 58 Ni projectiles. Only the ground band was excited with measurable cross sections. The E2 transition matrix elements involving the ground-band states up to spin 24 + have been extracted from these Coulomb excitation data using a new semiclassical Coulomb-excitation least-squares search code. The extracted E2 transition matrix elements agree with the spheroidal rigid rotor relation to within the experimental errors. In addition static electric quadrupole moments have been measured up to spin 20 + for the first time for a strongly deformed nucleus, uniquely determining the prolate shape of the ground band of 248 Cm.

Medical and sanitary prevention of a growing number of major infectious diseases of bovines has led IFFA-Mérieux to investigate the association of vaccines and to define methods of utilization. Care has been taken to limit the number of interventions and at the same time to retain in the combined valences the efficacy they had when in a state of single constituent. The work which has been carried out for the last ten years, including the study of adjuvants as well as of incompatibility of associations, has permitted the improvement of formulas, reduced in volume (5 ml for a plurivalent dose), in aqueous excipient (aluminum hydroxide and saponin) or oily excipient (oil in water type). These formulas combine 3 foot-and-mouth disease valences with a rabies valence (fixed strain grown on cell culture) or with a brucellosis valence (strain B. abortus MacEwen 45/20 and B. melitensis H 38). The innocuity of these associations allows them to be used in sanitary compaigns; their efficacy is equal to that of monovalent vaccines. A logical vaccination calendar is proposed.

The characteristics of the viruses produced from cell lines developed in suspension and the vaccines for which they are used should be judged by methods which allow to ensure in all cases their innocuity and efficacity. Innocuity is essentially dependent upon the purity of the viral preparation which should contain a minimum of foreign proteins (due either to the cell or the culture medium) and certain antibiotics. Furthermore, the absence of oncogenic properties of the inactivated viral suspensions should be shown, in addition to their specific innocuity. Efficacity is linked with the concentration of viral particles and with their immunogenic properties after inactivation and incorporation of adjuvants of immunity. Methods of appreciation of the different parameters are proposed.

A certain number of parameters involved in the manufacture, control and use of an efficacious vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease have been studied. This report considers the problems raised by the standardization of the raw material constituent to the vaccine as well as the different types of innocuity and activity testing carried out on sows, young pigs and bacon pigs. Special attention is given to virulence testing methods, to the criteria allowing evaluation of the quality of the vaccines and to the transmission of maternal immunity of the sows to their piglets and its incidence on the vaccination schedule.

A 21-ns isomer in 190Hg has earlier been interpreted as the 10+ member of the (h11/2)2n 10 configuration. The g-factor of the isomer is measured by means of the spin rotation method and is found to be -0.21 ± 0.02. This determines the configuration of the isomer as (i13/2)2n. The well-known properties of levels within a (j)2n configuration then suggests that the Isomerism is due to a (i13/2)2n 12+ level that exists very close to the 10+ state, with the 12+ to 10+ transition so low in energy that it has not yet been observed.

Un état isomérique 12+, interprété comme un état à deux quasi-particules (νi 13/2)-2, a été mis en évidence dans les isotopes de plomb déficients en neutrons. Il possède une période de quelques centaines de ns, qui se prête à la mesure du moment magnétique par la méthode des distributions angulaires différentielles perturbées (TDPAD). Ces mesures ont été réalisées, afin de confirmer la configuration de l'état et d'étudier l'effet du nombre de nucléons sur les phénomènes de polarisation du coeur. Le tableau indique les valeurs expérimentales du facteur g et de la période du niveau 12+ des isotopes de masse A = 198, 196, 194. Une analyse multidimensionnelle des informations (Eγ, t) permet d'étudier simultanément ces trois noyaux, formés par la réaction naturelle W(16O, 4n)Pb. Les facteurs g sont reportés sur la figure, ainsi que les valeurs obtenues par ailleurs pour l'état 12+ du 206Pb [1], 200Pb [2] et l'état 13+/2 du 205Pb [3]. [MATH]. La constance de g en fonction de A suggère que les effets observés dans le 206Pb se retrouvent dans les isotopes plus légers, et notamment que la configuration (νi 13/2)-2 demeure largement dominante. L'écart notable à la valeur de Schmidt (g = - 0,294) peut s'expliquer par un important effet de polarisation du coeur. Un calcul, utilisant le formalisme de Arima et Horie, et une interaction résiduelle delta de surface (SDI) sont effectués pour rendre compte de ces résultats.