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Public space is essential for the sustainable growth of all types of cities. It significantly contributes to public mental health balance and brings a more vibrant and livable image of city life. A more invested in comprehensive design at the beginning of any master plan can result in huge potential. The research aim is to examine public space principal design and exploits with a case study method in Danang city, Vietnam. The result of the applied method proposes a public space design solution with a stainless steel structure, which is considered a flexible material for its aesthetic value in addition to economic and environmental considerations that can be used in public space design. This research delivers a potential design solution with secure public space rights, public use balancing traffic and pedestrians, and safety.

IntroductionManagement of chronic kidney disease (CKD) entails high medical complexity and often results in high hospitalization burden. There are limited data on the associations of longitudinal hospital utilization patterns with adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with CKD.MethodsWe derived cumulative all-cause hospitalization trajectory groups using latent class trajectory analysis in 3012 participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study who were alive and did not reach end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within 4 years of study entry. Cox proportional hazards models tested the associations between hospitalization trajectory groups and risks of ESKD and death prior to the onset of ESKD (ESKD-censored death).ResultsWithin 4 years of study entry, there were 5658 hospitalizations among 3012 participants. We identified 3 distinct subgroups of individuals with CKD based on cumulative all-cause hospitalization trajectories over 4 years: low-utilizer (n = 1066), intermediate-utilizer (n = 1802), and high-utilizer (n = 144). High-utilizers represented a patient population of lower socioeconomic status who had a greater prevalence of comorbid conditions and lower kidney function compared with intermediate- and low-utilizers. After the 4-year ascertainment period to form the trajectory subgroups, there were 544 ESKD events and 437 ESKD-censored deaths during a median follow-up time of 5.1 years. Compared with low-utilizers, intermediate-utilizers and high-utilizers were at 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.84) and 1.75-fold (95% CI 1.20-2.56) higher risk of ESKD in adjusted analyses, respectively. Compared with low-utilizers, intermediate-utilizers and high-utilizers were at 1.48-fold (95% CI 1.17-1.87) and 2.58-fold (95% CI 1.74-3.83) higher risk of ESKD-censored death in adjusted analyses, respectively.ConclusionsTrajectories of cumulative all-cause hospitalization identify subgroups of individuals with CKD who are at high risk of ESKD and death.

Rationale & objectiveStudies using a single measurement of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) suggest that elevated FGF-23 levels are associated with increased risk for requirement for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the data do not account for changes in FGF-23 levels as kidney disease progresses.Study designCase-cohort study.Setting & participantsTo evaluate the association between serial FGF-23 levels and risk for requiring KRT, our primary analysis included 1,597 individuals in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study who had up to 5 annual measurements of carboxy-terminal FGF-23. There were 1,135 randomly selected individuals, of whom 266 initiated KRT, and 462 individuals who initiated KRT outside the random subcohort.ExposureSerial FGF-23 measurements and FGF-23 trajectory group membership.OutcomesIncident KRT.Analytical approachTo handle time-dependent confounding, our primary analysis of time-updated FGF-23 levels used time-varying inverse probability weighting in a discrete time failure model. To compare our results with prior data, we used baseline and time-updated FGF-23 values in weighted Cox regression models. To examine the association of FGF-23 trajectory subgroups with risk for incident KRT, we used weighted Cox models with FGF-23 trajectory groups derived from group-based trajectory modeling as the exposure.ResultsIn our primary analysis, the HR for the KRT outcome per 1 SD increase in the mean of natural log-transformed (ln)FGF-23 in the past was 1.94 (95% CI, 1.51-2.49). In weighted Cox models using baseline and time-updated values, elevated FGF-23 level was associated with increased risk for incident KRT (HRs per 1 SD ln[FGF-23] of 1.18 [95% CI, 1.02-1.37] for baseline and 1.66 [95% CI, 1.49-1.86] for time-updated). Membership in the slowly and rapidly increasing FGF-23 trajectory groups was associated with ∼3- and ∼21-fold higher risk for incident KRT compared to membership in the stable FGF-23 trajectory group.LimitationsResidual confounding and lack of intact FGF-23 values.ConclusionsIncreasing FGF-23 levels are independently associated with increased risk for incident KRT.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE:Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases risks for cardiovascular disease events and mortality. We hypothesized that a novel serum measure of calcification propensity is associated with CAC among patients with CKD stages 2 to 4. STUDY DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS:Participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study with baseline (n=1,274) and follow-up (n=780) CAC measurements. PREDICTORS:Calcification propensity, quantified as transformation time (T50) from primary to secondary calciprotein particles, with lower T50 corresponding to higher calcification propensity. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical site, estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, number of antihypertensive medications, current smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol level, and use of statin medications. OUTCOMES:CAC prevalence, severity, incidence, and progression. ANALYTICAL APPROACH:Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models. RESULTS:At baseline, 824 (65%) participants had prevalent CAC. After multivariable adjustment, T50 was not associated with CAC prevalence but was significantly associated with greater CAC severity among participants with prevalent CAC: 1-SD lower T50 was associated with 21% (95% CI, 6%-38%) greater CAC severity. Among 780 participants followed up an average of 3 years later, 65 (20%) without baseline CAC developed incident CAC, while 89 (19%) with baseline CAC had progression, defined as annual increase≥100 Agatston units. After multivariable adjustment, T50 was not associated with incident CAC but was significantly associated with CAC progression: 1-SD lower T50 was associated with 28% (95% CI, 7%-53%) higher risk for CAC progression. LIMITATIONS:Potential selection bias in follow-up analyses; inability to distinguish intimal from medial calcification. CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with CKD stages 2 to 4, higher serum calcification propensity is associated with more severe CAC and CAC progression.

Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries possess intrinsic safety and low cost, demonstrating great potential for large‐scale and long‐duration energy storage. However, their commercial application is hindered by the issue of capacity decay resulting from the decomposition of iron complexes and ligand crossovers. In this paper, an robust anolyte Fe(TEA‐2S) is reported, which is formed by chelating iron ions with the sulfonate‐enriched ligand (TEA‐2S) in alkaline environment. By skillfully designing the ligands, the binding energy of the iron complexes increases and ligand crossovers are suppressed, making the iron complexes highly stable in the charge–discharge cycles. Alkaline all‐iron flow batteries coupling with Fe(TEA‐2S) and the typical iron‐cyanide catholyte perform a minimal capacity decay rate (0.17% per day and 0.0014% per cycle), maintaining an average coulombic efficiency of close to 99.93% over 2000 cycles along with a high energy efficiency of 83.5% at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. In addition, Fe(TEA‐2S) exhibits high solubility of up to 1.85 м (with a theoretical capacity of up to 49.58 Ah L−1), even at low temperatures as extreme as −30 °C. This work demonstrates a promising pathway toward achieving long‐duration and large‐scale energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a highly disabling autoimmune disease, is characterized by joint damage and synovial hyperplasia. This paper was designed to explore the effect and mechanisms of Aconitum diphtheria on the proliferation and apoptosis of RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS). First, RA‐FLS was treated with different doses of A. diphtheria extracts. Then, an inverted biological microscope was adopted to observe the RA‐FLS morphology. Subsequently, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling staining, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and western blot were utilized to analyze the apoptosis, proliferation, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway‐related proteins in RA‐FLS, respectively. The experimental results disclosed that, after treatment of RA‐FLS with A. diphtheria extracts, the cells became round and the intercellular space was increased. Besides, the RA‐FLS proliferation was effectively inhibited by A. diphtheria extracts, while the apoptosis was promoted. Additionally, A. diphtheria extracts could effectively downregulate the expression levels of p‐NF‐κB (p50), NF‐κB (p50), p‐NF‐κB (p65), and NF‐κB (p65). Collectively, A. diphtheria can effectively inhibit RA‐FLS proliferation and promote apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, A. diphtheria is able to downregulate p‐NF‐κB and NF‐κB protein expression, but there is no dose–response relationship. Summary: Aconitum diphtheria can effectively inhibit RA‐FLS proliferation and promote apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Also, A. diphtheria is able to downregulate the NF‐κB and p‐NF‐κB protein expression, but there is no dose–response relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with rhamnolipids (RLs) on the growth performance, slaughter performance, apparent digestibility and fat metabolism of broilers. Broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (C) group, 100 mg/kg (L) and 1,000 mg/kg (H) RL supplementation groups. The results, after dietary supplementation with RLs for 42 days, revealed a RL dose-dependent promoting effect on feed intake, and an increase of the evisceration index of 42-day-old broilers, but a decrease in the rate of abdominal fat gain. The dietary supplementation with RLs significantly increased the digestibility of protein and fat in broilers. The serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the H group were significantly higher than those of the C group (p < 0.01), whereas total triglyceride was lower. The liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the H group were significantly higher than those of the L and C groups (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with RLs can improve growth performance and carcase quality of broilers by strengthening the emulsification effect of lipid nutrients in the diet of poultry. HIGHLIGHTS: Rhamnolipids have a strong oil-water emulsifying capacity and an excellent human safety profile Dietary supplementation with rhamnolipids can improve growth performance and carcase quality of broilers Dietary supplementation with rhamnolipids strengthening the emulsification effect of lipid nutrients in the diet of livestock and poultry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmanthus fragrans is an ethylene-sensitive flower, and flower senescence was mediated by ethylene-responsive transcription factors (OfERFs). A total of 227 OfERFs were identified from O. fragrans , which were classified into five subfamilies: AP2 (35), DREB (57), ERF (125), RAV (6), and Soloist (4). Gene composition and structural analysis indicate that members of different subfamilies have different gene structures and conserved domains. Their gene promoter contains various functional responsive elements, including auxin, jasmonic acid, and other responsive elements. Among them, 124 OfAP2/ERF genes have expressed at any stage of flowering, and 10 of them may play roles in flowering or senescence. By comparative transcriptome analysis, OfAP2/ERFs affected by ethephon (ETH) and 5′-azacytidine (Aza) treatment were divided into three categories, which have various target gene sets. Importantly, these target gene sets participate in similar or different biological processes and metabolic pathways, suggesting that ethylene and DNA hypomethylation have crosstalk and a unique mechanism in regulating the flower senescence of O. fragrans. Co-expression analysis revealed that several key OfAP2/ERFs played a central role in organic acid metabolism and biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (BcAAs), among which OfERF017 was selected for further functional analysis. Overexpression of OfERF017 leads to significant enrichment of genes in organic acid metabolism pathways, which leads to a decrease in organic acid levels and promoting the flower senescence of O. fragrans. Together, these results give insights into the characteristics and functional analysis of OfAP2/ERF genes in O. fragrans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]