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Abstract The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic declared in Brazil between 2015 and 2016 was associated with an increased prevalence of severe congenital malformations, including microcephaly. The distribution of microcephaly cases was not uniform across the country, with a disproportionately higher incidence in the Northeast region (NE). Our previous work demonstrated that saxitoxin (STX), a toxin present in the drinking water reservoirs of the NE, exacerbated the damaging effects of ZIKV on the developing brain. We hypothesized that the impact of STX might vary among different neural cell types. While ZIKV infection caused severe damages on astrocytes and neural stem cells (NSCs), the addition of STX did not exacerbate these effects. We observed that neurons subjected to STX exposure were more prone to apoptosis and displayed higher ZIKV infection rate. These findings suggest that STX exacerbates the harmful effects of ZIKV on neurons, thereby providing a plausible explanation for the heightened severity of ZIKV-induced congenital malformations observed in Brazil’s NE. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interactive effects of environmental toxins and infectious pathogens on neural development, with potential implications for public health policies.

O tratamento de feridas tem avançado de modo considerável, com a ampliação nas possibilidades terapêuticas, técnicas de tratamento e novidades tecnológicas para o cuidado com lesões cutâneas. Este estudo objetiva desenvolver um aplicativo móvel para orientar enfermeiros sobre avaliação e tratamento de feridas cirúrgicas complexas. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, no Estado do Pará. Foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: inicialmente com a identificação das principais necessidades do público-alvo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, analisada pelo método de Bardin e com a utilização do software IRAMUTEQ; seguida da produção tecnológica, conforme o Design Instrucional Contextualizado (análise, design e desenvolvimento). As entrevistas dos participantes apoiaram e justificaram a criação do aplicativo “pense feridas”. Visando a boa usabilidade, foram incluídos na tela principal os tópicos: conceitos e classificações, complicações, avaliação das feridas, atualizações e referências. Estes apresentam telas secundárias com informações pertinentes e atualizadas sobre o tema. Além disso, o software apresenta o ícone “feridas cirúrgicas” no qual o profissional pode adicionar informações do paciente e da ferida para que seja indicado o melhor padrão de tratamento, com cobertura e trocas de curativos. O desenvolvimento deste estudo possibilitou a produção de um aplicativo sensível à realidade dos enfermeiros que lidam diariamente com a avaliação e o tratamento de pacientes com feridas cirúrgicas complexas. Sua implementação pode favorecer o registro sistemático da assistência e a continuidade do cuidado.

Abstract This study evaluated the survival probabilities of two lithia-based glass-ceramics after final crystallization in a microwave furnace using conventional crystallization as a reference. Disc-shaped samples of a lithium silicate (LS, Celtra Duo) and a lithium disilicate (LD, e.max CAD) were prepared and divided into two groups according to the crystallization method (n = 30): microwave (M) or conventional furnaces (C). The biaxial flexural strength test was used to determine the fatigue test profile and its parameters. Then, specimens were submitted to an accelerated life test (step stress) using three profile levels – mild, moderate, and aggressive – varying the load increments and the number of cycles until fracture (4 Hz). Survival data were used to calculate Weibull’s beta (β) value and reliability of the assigned missions. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze surface morphology, fracture characteristics, and failure patterns. Beta (β) values for the LS-C, LS-M, LD-C, and LD-M groups were 2.65, 0.25, 0.62, and 0.3, respectively. Similar reliability was observed in all groups after 50,000 cycles at 100 and 150 Mpa. At 200 Mpa, the crystallization method did not affect the reliability within LS or LD. However, LD showed greater reliability than LS when crystallized by microwave energy. Thus, microwave energy can be suggested as an alternative to the process of conventional lithia-based glass-ceramics crystallization without damaging their survival probabilities.

Introdução: As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) representam grave problema de saúde pública encontrando-se relacionadas a altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, e prejuízos econômicos. No Brasil, a regulamentação mais que garante a prática de vigilância e prevenção a IRAS é a Portaria 2616/1998. Os dados da Avaliação Nacional dos Programas de Controle de Infecção (PCI) nos serviços de saúde realizada em 2023 pela ANVISA evidenciaram que 83% dos serviços avaliados possuíam um PCI implantado e com objetivos claros. Contudo, o número de hospitais avaliados na pesquisa é inferior a 50% das instituições. Sorocaba é uma importante cidade do interior de São Paulo, com mais de 700.000 habitantes, apresenta um polo industrial classificado como o 19° PIB do país. Nesse sentido conhecer a realidade dos serviços de controle de IRAS (SCIH) da cidade é fundamental. Objetivo: Descrever os SCIHs dos hospitais de Sorocaba e comparar os dados com os critérios mínimos da Portaria 2616/1998. Método: Estudo descritivo e observacional, com coleta de dados dos SCIH da cidade de Sorocaba, por meio de questionário eletrônico adaptado a partir da Portaria 2616/98 e das competências essenciais para profissionais de prevenção e controle de infecção (PPCI) sugeridas pela OMS, após aplicação de TCLE. Resultados: No período de 08/2023 a 03/2024, foram coletados dados de 82% (9/11) dos hospitais de Sorocaba e 100% apresentam PCI implantado, com objetivos bem definidos e com periodicidade anual. Dentre os serviços que responderam à pesquisa, 100% são terciários e 44,4% são públicos. Em relação ao ano de fundação 55% dos SCIHs foram fundados entre 2010 e 2020, em 100% das avaliações a equipe era composta por pelo menos um médico e um enfermeiro e 52,5% dos integrantes do serviço possuem até 3 anos de prática na área (PPCI júnior). Dos serviços avaliados, 100% possuem bundles de prevenção de IRAS implantados, mas apenas 55,6% possuem bundle de prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Ressaltamos que apenas 33,3% dos serviços possuem acreditação de qualidade. Conclusão: A maioria dos SCIH de Sorocaba cumprem os requisitos mínimos da legislação vigente. Observamos que a maior parte dos serviços foram implantados a partir de 2010, doze anos após a publicação da Portaria 2616. Além disso, a maior parte dos profissionais que trabalham nos serviços são considerados PPCI júnior, há deficiência na implantação do bundle de prevenção da ISC e apenas 1/3 dos serviços são acreditados.

Abstract Introduction Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) patients are at an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, there are no well-validated biomarkers to assess this risk in this population. Previous research in different cohorts has linked serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its polymorphisms to accelerated atherosclerosis and a marker of poor prognosis in CVD. Thus, we assessed this protein as a potential biomarker of CVD in TAK patients. Objectives To evaluate the serum levels of OPG and its SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TAK patients and healthy controls, and to associate these parameters with clinical data. Methods This bicentric cross-sectional study included TAK patients who were compared with healthy individuals (control group). The serum levels of OPG and the frequency of OPG SNPs [1181G > C (rs2073618), 245 A > C (rs3134069), 163T > C (rs3102735), and 209 C > T (rs3134070)] were compared between the both groups and associated with clinical data. Results In total, 101 TAK patients and 93 controls were included in the study. The serum levels of OPG (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.059), and its four polymorphisms were comparable between both groups. In an additional analysis of only TAK patients, serum OPG levels and its four genes were not associated with any CVD parameters, except for higher OPG levels among patients without dyslipidemia. Conclusion No significant differences were observed in serum OPG levels or in the genotype frequencies of OPG SNPs between the patient and control groups. Similarly, no correlation was found between laboratory parameters and clinical data on CVD risk in TAK patients.

The valorization of byproducts such as defatted meal (DM) is essential for the implementation of a biorefinery structure and can be achieved through the application of emerging technologies, such as pressurized liquid extraction. This work aimed to apply pressurized liquid extraction to obtain products derived from the DM of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds. The experiments investigated the effect of ethanol percentage in the hydroalcoholic solvent (25%, 50% and 75%, v/v) on the mass extract yield (MEY) and on the composition of the products obtained: phytochemical extract (PE) and processed flour (PF). The PE obtained using 25% ethanolic solvent had the highest MEY (23.48 wt%) and phenolic compounds, composed of caffeic, gallic and ferulic acids, which conferred activity against the fungus C. albicans. The solvents tested did not influence the content of soluble proteins. The solvent with 75% ethanol promoted the highest levels of glucosinolates (258.94 μmol/g) and tannins (8.80 mg/g) in the PE, reducing 96% and 98% of these contents in the PF produced. The PF obtained in the extraction with 75% ethanol contained phenolic compounds (~23 mg/100 g), dietary fibers (54.25 g/100 g) and soluble proteins (26.39 wt%), mainly composed of glutelin fraction. The PF also presented adequate functional properties, such as water solubility and absorption, which suggest potential use in pet food formulations.

The sulfonated-carbon based catalyst obtained from crambe meal was successfully applied in the esterification reaction of oleic acid. The chemometric tools allowed to evaluate the significance of the parameters: time, catalyst dosage and ethanol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, as well as their interactions towards the conversion yield of oleic acid via esterification reaction. The results showed that the molar ratio had the highest influence in the conversion yield. The analysis of Responses Surfaces and desirability function indicated that is possible undergoes around 75% of oleic acid into esters from the following experimental conditions: time of 2 h, catalyst dosage of 11 wt.% and ethanol-to-oleic acid molar ratio of 18:1 (v:wt.). From the optimization of the factors, it was possible obtain a good conversion yield of oleic acid applying conditions similar or inferior to those reported in the literature. After four cycles of use, the catalyst still gave a conversion yield of 29%. The decrease of esterification yield was evaluated throughout FTIR spectra, which corroborate the losing of sulfonic groups after each reuse cycle concomitantly with the yield decreasing.

Abstract Borosilicate glass was developed to enhance the mechanical behavior and smoothness of dental zirconia as an alternative to conventional glaze. This study assessed the mechanical and optical properties of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) coated with borosilicate glass or a commercial glaze fired for an extended period of time. Disc-shaped 3Y-TZP zirconia specimens (Zpex, Tosoh) were sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. The specimens were divided into three groups: as-sintered (control, C); commercial glaze (G); and borosilicate glass (SL). The glaze and borosilicate glass were applied over the zirconia and fired for 20 minutes at 950°C and 1200°C, respectively. Biaxial flexural strength, fractography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), roughness (Ra and Rz), fracture toughness (Vickers indentation method), color difference (∆E00), and translucency (TP00) analyses were conducted. The t-test or the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Flexural strength data were subjected to the Weibull analysis. The SL group exhibited the highest flexural strength (1025.8 MPa), whereas the C (859.41 MPa) and G (816.0 MPa) groups exhibited similar values. The SL group also had the highest characteristic strength. The fracture origin in all groups was on the zirconia surface. XRD analysis revealed that the specimens from the SL group contained tetragonal, cubic, and monoclinic phases. The SL group presented the lowest surface roughness. Fracture toughness in the SL group was lower than in the C group, but similar to that observed in the G group. The translucency and color differences observed in the G and SL groups were similar. Borosilicate glass enhanced the flexural strength of 3Y-TZP, promoted the smoothest surface, and exhibited optical properties similar to those of the glaze.

Abstract This study aimed to produce water-soluble oat extract enriched with mango peel flour (MPF) as a source of active compounds and to use this ingredient as a partial substitute for whole milk in Greek yogurt (GY) for its nutritional enrichment. Enriched water-soluble oat extracts (EWSOE) were produced with different concentrations of MPF (0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and characterized in relation to pH, titratable acidity, soluble proteins and total phenolics. Three GY formulations were prepared by partially replacing whole milk with EWSOE and the best formulation (in relation to sensory analyzes and phenolics compounds) was selected for storage study, chemical characterization, and sensory acceptance testing. MPF addition increased soluble proteins and total phenolics in EWSOE. GY formulations prepared with EWSOE had similar sensory scores. During storage, GY prepared with EWSOE containing 2% MPF exhibited changes in pH and titratable acidity and a reduction in total phenolics. Color parameters, cholesterol, and fatty acid composition did not change over 21 days of storage. The major fatty acids in GY were oleic and palmitic acids. The selected product had low lactose content (1.2%), achieved satisfactory sensory acceptance in relation to the evaluated attributes, and had lipid (~6.19%) and protein (~3.96%) contents within regulatory requirements. Additionally, EWSOE is a valuable ingredient in GY preparation, offering beneficial nutritional and functional properties.

Objetivo. Relatar a experiência de implementação de um serviço de monitoramento farmacoterapêutico em uma clínica psiquiátrica ambulatorial pública. Métodos. Este é um estudo de implementação utilizando o modelo de design thinking, desenvolvido nas etapas de mapeamento, criação e implementação, adaptado de Stickdorn e Schneider. Resultados. As necessidades dos pacientes foram mapeadas e as limitações para a implementação foram avaliadas. Foram identificadas necessidades de revisão da terapia medicamentosa, consultas mais frequentes, monitoramento de sintomas e controle. Na fase de criação, o modelo de prática foi conceituado e estruturado, incluindo avaliação antropométrica, triagem para sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e a integração de serviços de telemonitoramento. Durante a implementação, o modelo foi testado com 20 pacientes, resultando em 114 consultas, sendo 67,5% realizadas remotamente e 32,5% presencialmente. Os pacientes foram triados para hipertensão (25%), diabetes (10%), depressão (70%) e ansiedade (60%). Foram identificados um total de 176 problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM) e 612 intervenções farmacêuticas (IF), sendo o aconselhamento em saúde (43,5%) e as recomendações de monitoramento (19,1%) as mais frequentes. A aceitação médica para ajustes na terapia ocorreu em 41% dos casos, e a taxa de absenteísmo foi de 38,4%. Conclusão. Apesar dos desafios de implementação, o design do serviço mostrou-se relevante para configurar e padronizar o processo de estruturação, e o monitoramento farmacoterapêutico se mostrou importante para integrar o cuidado ao paciente em ambientes de saúde pública.

Em 2012, o "Marco de Referência de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para Políticas Públicas" (Marco de EAN) apresentou uma nova concepção e princípios norteadores para a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se o referencial proposto pelo Marco foi contemplado nas ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) desenvolvidas por escolas. Realizou-se estudo qualitativo e exploratório, no qual foram convidadas a participar as 125 escolas públicas municipais de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado questionário on-line semiestruturado sobre o desenvolvimento das ações de EAN em 2019. As respostas foram submetidas a análise temática, agrupando respostas semelhantes em categorias e subcategorias, para identificar quais princípios do Marco de EAN foram atendidos. Participaram 94 escolas públicas, sendo os diretores os principais respondentes. Identificaram-se nove categorias de ações de EAN: Atividades lúdicas, musicais e teatrais, contação de história e recursos audiovisuais; Atividades pedagógicas; Elaboração de materiais e atividades práticas; Formação, reuniões, palestras e informativos; Horta Pedagógica; Oficinas culinárias; Oferta de alimentação escolar; Projeto refeitório; e Visitas a feiras agroecológicas. Os princípios atendidos em todas as ações foram: diversidade de cenários de prática, intersetorialidade e planejamento, avaliação e monitoramento. Constatou-se que, em uma única ação, diferentes princípios foram atendidos. É fundamental capacitar continuamente os profissionais do ambiente escolar para utilização do Marco de EAN como referência para realização das ações de EAN.

Abstract This study evaluated the oil content obtained from andiroba seeds by pressurized n-propane at different conditions of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C) and pressure (40, 60, and 80 bar), and conventional extraction technique using n-hexane as the solvent. Kinetic extraction curves were fitted using Sovová’s mathematical model. The chemical characterization of the oil was reported as well as the protein content in the extraction by-product. Pressurized extractions conducted at 25 °C provided the highest oil recovery (~45 wt%) from the seeds. The increase in pressure at 25 ºC favored obtaining oil with higher Stigmasterol contents, however, the Squalene content was higher in the oil obtained at 40 bar. The oils with the highest concentration phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained at 80 bar. Extraction with n-propane provided oils with higher levels of phenolic compounds, however, with antioxidant activity similar to conventional extraction. For all evaluated extractions, the product showed a predominance of oleic and palmitic acids, with similar values of oxidative stability. The extraction of the by-product with the highest soluble protein content was obtained under mild processing conditions (25 °C and 40 bar) with n-propane.

This work evaluated the green extraction of oleoresin from pink pepper fruits (ORPPF) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ethanol as a solvent. The effects of temperature, ultrasound power intensity, sample to solvent ratio and time on the global extraction yield (YGE) and phenolic compounds yield (YPC) were evaluated. The oleoresin samples were characterized and its antimicrobial activity determined, and the obtained results were compared to conventional extraction in Soxhlet. From the results it was found that the application of the highest levels of the independent variables favored the extraction process. The maximum values of YGE and YPC were 28.60 wt% and 6.37 mg GAE per g fruit, respectively, obtained at 60 °C, 100% of ultrasound power (165 W), 1:20 g mL−1 (sample:solvent) and 45 min. Under maximized conditions, the ORPPF obtained by UAE showed a content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity inferior to soxhlet–ethanol extraction. However, the time and solvent consumption were reduced. Oleic and linoleic acids predominated in the fatty acid composition of ORPPF, in addition to sesquiterpenes and gallic and syringic acids. The ORPPF presented weak antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 31.25 to 125 mg mL−1.

Sustainable biomasses are vital to ensure preservation of the Amazon biome within the Mato Grosso State whilst enabling energy generation for the region and its population. Here, the potential of the elephant grass cultivar BRS Capiaçu as an alternative to replace native forest wood as biomass for energy generation is investigated, considering the whole process from plant cultivation to biomass characterisation in terms of productivity of green and dry mass per hectare; density, moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon content, as well as higher heating value (HHV). MANOVA indicates that the effects of plant parts and age on density and proximate analysis parameters are influenced by the plant parts and age interaction, whereas HHV can be considered similar between them. The cultivar BRS Capiaçu showed suitable energetic values (17,922 < HHV < 18,918 kJ.kg−1) compared to that of native Amazon wood. Energetic results combined with cultivation outputs of high productivity (dry mass production of 44.1 tonnes.ha−1 at 180 days) with a short cutting interval (3 months), adaptation to the region’s climate and soil, and the possibility of cultivation in areas currently consolidated for agriculture demonstrate the potential of BRS Capiaçu as biomass to reduce native wood usage and deforestation rates.

The dry stacking of filtered tailings is an option to deal with safety-related issues involving traditional slurry disposition in impoundments. Filtered tailings can be compacted to pre-define design specifications, which minimizes structural instability problems, such as those related to liquefaction. Yet, comprehending the tailing’s response under various stress states is essential to designing any dry stacking facility properly. Thus, the present research evaluated the mechanical response of cemented and uncemented compacted filtered iron ore tailings, considering different molding characteristics related to compaction degree and molding moisture content. Therefore, a series of one-dimensional compression tests and consolidated isotropically drained triaxial tests (CID), using 300 kPa and 3000 kPa effective confining pressures, were carried out for different specimens compacted at various molding characteristics. In addition, changes in gradation owing to both compression and shearing were evaluated using sedimentation with scanning electron microscope tests. The overall results have indicated that the 3% Portland cement addition enhanced the strength and stiffness of the compacted iron ore tailings, considering the lower confining pressure. Nevertheless, the same was not evidenced for the higher confining stress. Moreover, the dry-side molded specimens were initially stiffer, and significant particle breakage did not occur owing to one-dimensional compression but only due to shearing (triaxial condition).

O tratamento de feridas tem avançado de modo considerável, com a ampliação nas possibilidades terapêuticas, técnicas de tratamento e novidades tecnológicas para o cuidado com lesões cutâneas. Este estudo objetiva desenvolver um protótipo de aplicativo móvel para enfermeiros sobre avaliação e tratamento de feridas cirúrgicas complexas. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, no Estado do Pará. Foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: inicialmente com a identificação das principais necessidades do público-alvo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, analisada pelo método de Bardin e com a utilização do software IRAMUTEQ; seguida da produção tecnológica, conforme o Design Instrucional Contextualizado (análise, design e desenvolvimento). As entrevistas dos participantes apoiaram e justificaram a criação do aplicativo “pense feridas”. Visando a boa usabilidade, foram incluídos na tela principal os tópicos: conceitos e classificações, complicações, avaliação das feridas, atualizações e referências. Estes apresentam telas secundárias com informações pertinentes e atualizadas sobre o tema. Além disso, o protótipo de software apresenta o ícone “feridas cirúrgicas” no qual o profissional pode adicionar informações do paciente e da ferida para que seja indicado o melhor padrão de tratamento, com cobertura e trocas de curativos. No desenvolvimento da temática, emergiram evidências que possibilitaram a produção de uma tecnologia sensível à realidade dos enfermeiros, que lidam diariamente com o cuidado de feridas cirúrgicas complexas e ainda precisam gerenciar outras demandas inerentes à profissão.

This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability.

ABSTRACT Increasing soybean yield in the MATOPIBA region can be attributed to fertility management, which is crucial to achieving maximum agronomic efficiency. Therefore, the proper management begins with the assessment of plant nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate soybean nutritional status in western Bahia using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). Database comprised 153 samples from commercial fields located in the research area. To carry out the evaluation using the DRIS method, the database contained information on nutritional levels and leaf productivity of the sampled areas. Database was divided into high-productivity populations (reference population) and low-productivity populations, based on the inflection point value of the cumulative cubic function of yield. The DRIS method allowed for evaluating the potential response to fertilization; however, this method was inefficient in recommending fertilizer doses in both subpopulations. For the sufficiency levels proposed by DRIS, the nutrients N, K, Ca, Mg and S had their maximum and minimum limits reduced, while Cu, Fe and Zn had their ranges of sufficiency expanded, when compared with ranges proposed by other authors. In addition, Zn and Mn were more limiting due to lack for the high-yield subpopulation, and P and Mn for the low-yield subpopulation. The most limiting nutrients due to excess were P and Zn for the high-yield, while K and S were limiting for the low yield subpopulation.

Brazilian nuts are native to the Amazon rainforest and are considered a non-timber forest-product of extreme economic importance to local populations. This study evaluated the lipid profile, bioactive compounds, and oxidative stability of semi-defatted Brazilian nut flour oil (BNSDFO) obtained using pressurized fluids (n-propane at 40 °C and 2, 4, and 8 MPa or a CO2/n-propane mixture at 40 °C and 12 MPa). A Brazilian nut kernel oil (BNKO) processed by conventional cold pressing was also obtained. The BNKO showed a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds and saturated fatty acids, higher antioxidant activity, and the presence of gallic acid derivatives. The oils extracted using pressurized fluids showed a higher concentration of linoleic acid, β-sitosterol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The utilization of pressurized n-propane resulted in higher yields (13.7 wt%), and at intermediate pressures (4 MPa), the product showed myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside and higher oxidative stability (OSI, 12 h) than at lower pressures (2 MPa). The CO2/n-propane mixture of pressurized solvents resulted in higher concentrations of squalene (4.5 times), the presence of different phenolic compounds, and a high OSI (12 h) but lower yield (2.2 wt%). In conclusion, oils with better fatty acid profiles (oleic e linoleic acids), phytosterol composition, and suitable radical scavenging activity may be obtained using pressurized fluids and Brazilian nut flour, a byproduct of oil extraction. The mixture of solvents may improve the concentration of squalene, whereas using only n-propane may increase oil yield.

Edição Dossiê — Janeiro/2024 Dossiê Moda e Emoções na Cultura do Consumo

Introdução/Objetivo: A vigilância epidemiológica das Infecções representa uma das principais atividades exercidas pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção (SCIH), e um dos aspectos desta atividade é a definição e elaboração de indicadores de resultado. Quando apresentados de forma global, nem sempre é possível compreender as especificidades, bem como planejar medidas de prevenção e controle. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da reestruturação do sistema de vigilância das Infecções do Sítio Cirúrgico (ISC), estratificando os indicadores de resultado por especialidade cirúrgica e por cirurgião. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com avaliação dos dados de ISC obtidos do banco eletrônico do SCIH do Hospital. Até setembro de 2022, os indicadores de resultado consistiam em: taxa de ISC global, taxa de ISC em cirurgias limpas e proporção de ISC por especialidades. Em outubro de 2022, foi reestruturada a vigilância, com cálculo de taxas de ISC em cirurgias limpas por especialidade e por cirurgião, ambos realizados retroativamente desde janeiro de 2022, e consequente programação de intervenção. Para o cálculo das taxas, dividiu-se o número de ISC de determinada especialidade ou cirurgião (numerador) pelo número total de cirurgias daquela especialidade ou cirurgião (denominador), respectivamente; a razão foi multiplicada por 100, sendo expressa sob a forma percentual. Definiu-se iniciar o processo, incluindo intervenção, com a especialidade com maior taxa. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 70 casos de ISC em 19.258 cirurgias realizadas em 2022, com taxa global de 0,36%, sendo 40 ISC em cirurgias limpas, com taxa de 0,48%. Nas taxas por especialidade, detectou-se taxa de 0,99% na neurocirurgia (NC) e de 0,54% na ortopedia. Optou-se, portanto, por iniciar a avaliação individualizada pela NC. Na taxa estratificada por cirurgião da NC, obteve-se a incidência distribuída por 5 cirurgiões: cirurgião 1 (4,55%), cirurgião 2 (3,39%), cirurgião 3 (9,09%), cirurgião 4 (3,03%) e cirurgião 5 (11,76%). As ações de intervenção foram planejadas e priorizadas para as equipes conforme volume cirúrgico e taxa detectada. Conclusão: O detalhamento do indicador permitiu identificar os potenciais fatores de risco, de acordo com perfil dos procedimentos cirúrgicos (especialidade e equipes), em cada período de vigilância. Este acompanhamento individualizado tem o potencial de otimizar medidas de prevenção e controle, a fim de proporcionar maior segurança ao paciente.

This study aimed to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and the growth parameters of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different rates of phosphorus (P). Treatments comprised a high and low P rate combined or not with inoculation of Rhizophagus clarus (C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or Claroideoglomus etunicatum (C. Walker & A. Schüßler), arranged according to a 2 × 3 factorial design with 8 replications. At 4 months after transplanting, shoot fresh and dry weights increased in both AMF-inoculated treatments under a low P rate. There was an increase in shoot P content with C. etunicatum inoculation under a high P rate. EO yields ranged from 0.04% to 0.12% and increased with R. clarus inoculation. Eighteen compounds were identified in EOs. The major components were geranial (43.96%–54.93%), neral (29.95%–34.66%), geraniol (3.11%–12.85%), and (E)-caryophyllene (2.62%–6.66%). It was concluded that AMF inoculation increased plant growth, improved EO yield, and modified EO composition. It is recommended to inoculate lemon balm with R. clarus under low P rates.

A gastronomia é uma área que tem ganhado notoriedade em função de fatores como a ascensão de programas midiáticos e projetos sociais que apresentam diversas faces dessa ciência e rotinas da cozinha profissional. Este trabalho narra iniciativas de gastronomia social, abordando como tais projetos contribuem para reduzir assimetrias sociais e apresentando iniciativas para o desenvolvimento profissional de pessoas em condições de vulnerabilidade. São apresentados no presente artigo projetos de universidades (extensionistas), além daqueles desenvolvidos por profissionais da área de alimentação (chefs e gestores), associações e grupos independentes. Fez-se uma breve análise da importância da gastronomia social enquanto potencial fator de desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional e econômico, contribuindo para a maior inclusão de pessoas em dificuldades na inserção no mercado de trabalho.

This study characterized and analyzed the physiographic factors of the Atibaia River Basin and their influence on flooding processes and evaluated the susceptibility to flooding in the municipality of Campinas during the years 1985 and 2019. At first, geoprocessing techniques and indices defined in the literature were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Atibaia River Basin regarding its geometric, relief, and drainage attributes and its influence on flooding processes, to provide decision-making support regarding preventive and mitigating actions for the socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the region. The pedogeomorphological characteristics and land use and occupation of Campinas were applied to the Analytic Hierarchy Process using geoprocessing techniques to generate the specific mapping of the municipality’s susceptibility to flooding. The mapping allowed us to identify the critical sites of the municipality of Campinas, choosing priority areas for government action and programs regarding urban and environmental management. It can also guide new studies on the detail scale aiming to prevent and mitigate flooding events.

A Coleção Etnográfica Awá-Guajá é constituída de uma assembleia faunística de vertebrados proveniente de depósitos de descarte da comunidade Awá-Guajá, localizada no estado do Maranhão. Estudos zoológicos e etnoecológicos com mamíferos, peixes e aves já foram feitos, porém nenhum trabalho envolvendo répteis e anfíbios foi desenvolvido com material proveniente desta coleção. O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo dos clados de vertebrados mais raros dessa coleção: anuros, serpentes e lagartos. Para essa finalidade foram realizados estudos taxonômicos e tafonômicos e também foi verificada a presença de atividade humana nesses ossos através do estudo de cortes, queimas e quebras. Os espécimes identificados incluem um exemplar de Anura indeterminado, dois indivíduos da espécie de Iguanidae Iguana iguana Linnaeus, 1758 e várias vértebras e costelas de dois gêneros de Boidae, Eunectes e Boa. O Anura e o Iguanidae não possuíam evidência de atividade humana, porém os Boidae apresentaram queima e cortes sugerindo que os espécimes foram manipulados pela comunidade indígena, provavelmente para fins de subsistência.

Abstract Objectives: to identify and describe the characteristics of studies that address the promotion of adequate and healthy food in early childhood education units and their repercussions on the school community. Methods: the search and selection were performed according to the PRISMA recommendations in the Medline databases via OVID, EMBASE and LILACS. Data extraction took placeusing a table developed by the authors. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence of the studies was carried out through the risk of bias using an adapted scale. Result: twelve articles that met the eligibility criteria were selected. All studies were applied in public or private educational institutions with a median of 236 participants. In the analysis of food and nutrition education activities, the most adopted with preschoolers were playful; with the parents it was the meetings and counseling; and with the professionals it was the training. The methodological qualification of the studies was considered low, which may be related to their limitations included in this review, mainly due to the types of designs adopted, the time and lack of continuity of interventions and sample size. Conclusion: food and nutrition education activities seem to be a promising strategy in knowledge, adoption of healthy eating practices and transmission of values in the school community.

The present work aims to produce oral films (OFs) based on pre-gelatinized starch with incorporation of cinnamon essential oil (CEO). For this purpose, the effectiveness of ultrasound in incorporating the CEO into the filmogenic solution was evaluated, in comparison with the use of magnetic stirring. The OFs were characterized in relation to physical properties, disintegration time, surface pH and total phenolic compounds content. In general, all formulations showed film-forming capacity, however, the distribution of the CEO in the polymer matrix was not efficient, regardless of the incorporation method used. The OFs had a disintegration time

Sunflower is grown in different parts of the world and oil from the grain has many uses, including cosmetics and food. Olive leaves are rich in active compounds with potential for industrial use. The simultaneous extraction of raw materials is an economical and sustainable way of using the same extraction process to obtain products with high added value. The aim of this work was to promote the incorporation of bioactive compounds from olive leaves in sunflower oil by two extraction techniques: pressurized propane (PRO) and Soxhlet (SOX) and to evaluate the increase in oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of oils. The techniques used were useful in producing sunflower oil incorporating olive leaf extract (SFO + OLE); 4.3% 1-octacosanol and 5.8% 1-triacontanol were incorporated, and β-sitosterol increased by at least 90%. Also, SFO + OLE showed an increase in the induction time of 2.7 and 3.7 h compared to SFO for the PRO and SOX methods, respectively. The profile of fatty acids was maintained, with the majority in all samples being oleic and linoleic acids. Consequently, with this procedure is possible to produce SFO + OLE with better antioxidant activity and better nutritional characteristics using PRO and SOX. The scaled-up of the simultaneous extraction process via pressurized propane is economically viable according to the process simulation and economic evaluation.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the pharmacological treatment of depression along with their recommendations and factors associated with higher quality.Design We conducted a systematic review that included CPGs for the pharmacological treatment of depression in adults.Data sources We searched for publications from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021, in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, BVS and 12 other databases and guideline repositories.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included CPGs containing recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of depression in adults at outpatient care setting, regardless of whether it met the U.S. National Academy of Medicine criteria, or not. If a CPG included recommendations for both children and adults, they were considered. No language restriction was applied.Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction was also conducted independently and in duplicate, a process that was validated in a previous project. The quality of the CPGs and their recommendations were assessed by three independent reviewers using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX). A CPG was considered to be of high quality if AGREE II Domain 3 was ≥60%; while their recommendations were considered high if AGREE-REX Domain 1 was ≥60%.Results Seventeen out of 63 (27%) CPGs were classified as high quality, while 7 (11.1%) had high-quality recommendations. The factors associated with higher-scoring CPGs and recommendations in the multiple linear regression analyses were ‘Handling of conflicts of interest’, ‘Multiprofessional team’ and ‘Type of institution’. ‘Inclusion of patient representative in the team’ was also associated with higher-quality recommendations.Conclusions The involvement of professionals from diverse backgrounds, the handling of conflicts of interest, and the inclusion of patients’ perspectives should be prioritised by developers aiming for high-quality CPGs for the treatment of depression.

ABSTRACT Plant resistance is an important tactic within the precepts of Integrated Pest Management, and the existence of grain sorghum hybrids with multiple insect resistance could benefit crop management and sustainability. This study evaluated the susceptibility of 30 grain-sorghum hybrids to three major pests, namely, fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, sugarcane borer (SCB) Diatraea saccharalis, and green-belly stink bug (GBS) Diceraeus melacanthus. The hybrids were cultivated and experiments with each insect species were conducted separately in a greenhouse. For FAW, visual injury assessments were performed on plants 7 and 14 days after infestation (DAI). For SCB, insect presence and injury were assessed 40 DAI. For GBS, the plants were evaluated using a damage rating scale 12, 19, and 26 DAI. Cluster analysis allowed separating the grain sorghum hybrids into groups regarding the levels of resistance to each pest. Hybrid BRS373 stood out as moderately resistant to FAW; AG1090, 80G20, BRAVO, BRS373, AG1615, and IG220 were the most promising for SCB; and for GBS, hybrids 50A40, A9735R, JADE, ENFORCER, BUSTER, 50A10, and IG244 were the most nominated. This information will significantly aid sorghum breeding programs focused on developing commercial hybrids that comprise both insect-resistance and high-yield characteristics. However, further research should evaluate potential chemical and morphological plant traits underlying the lower levels of susceptibility to FAW, SCB, and GBS found in the selected sorghum hybrids.

Objetivo: avaliar os marcadores de classificação de risco habitual do atual protocolo de assistência obstétrica da SES/DF, no Hospital da Região Leste (HRL). Método: estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa e com busca de dados retrospectivos, com o propósito de analisar a aplicabilidade dos marcadores de risco habitual do atual protocolo da SES/DF. O objeto de investigação são puérperas assistidas no parto e nascimento pela enfermagem obstétrica. A coleta dos dados se deu através de um instrumento semiestruturado construído com base nos dados fornecidos pelo livro de registro local e dados do prontuário da paciente, apurando os marcadores de risco habitual, alto risco e dados da assistência ao parto e nascimento, focando nas urgências e emergências. Resultados: conclui-se que a enfermagem obstétrica vem atuando em situações que vão além do protocolo instituído; tal documento que visa a priori a assistência de partos a paciente com marcadores de baixo risco, vem se tornando obsoleto, na medida que ocorre uma expansão no serviço da enfermagem para além do risco habitual.

IntroductionDepression is a serious and widespread mental health disorder. A significant proportion of patients with depression fail to remit after two antidepressant treatment trials, a condition named treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are instruments aimed to improve diagnosis and treatment. This study objective is to systematically appraise the quality and elaborate a comparison of high-quality CPGs with high-quality recommendations aimed at TRD.Methods and analysisWe searched several specialized databases and organizations that develop CPGs. Independent researchers assessed the quality of the CPGs and their recommendations using AGREE II and AGREE-REX instruments, respectively. We selected only high-quality CPGs that included definition and recommendations for TRD. We investigated their divergencies and convergencies as well as weak and strong points.ResultsAmong seven high-quality CPGs with high-quality recommendations only two (Germany's Nationale Versorgungs Leitlinie-NVL and US Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense-VA/DoD) included specific TRD definition and were selected. We found no convergent therapeutic strategy among these two CPGs. Electroconvulsive therapy is recommended by the NVL but not by the VA/DoD, while repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is recommended by the VA/DoD but not by the NVL. While the NVL recommends the use of lithium, and a non-routine use of thyroid or other hormones, psychostimulants, and dopaminergic agents the VA/DoD does not even include these drugs among augmentation strategies. Instead, the VA/DoD recommends ketamine or esketamine as augmentation strategies, while the NVL does not mention these drugs. Other differences between these CPGs include antidepressant combination, psychotherapy as a therapeutic augmentation, and evaluation of the need for hospitalization all of which are only recommended by the NVL.ConclusionsHigh-quality CPGs for the treatment of depression diverge regarding the definition and use of the term TRD. There is also no convergent approach to TRD from currently high-quality CPGs.

Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.

Antioxidantes são substâncias naturais ou sintéticas que facilitam o retardo da oxidação por um ou mais mecanismos, como sequestrar radicais livres, inibir a peroxidação lipídica e complexar com metais, inibindo a destruição tecidual via oxidação. Antioxidantes são comumente usados na alimentação animal e na indústria alimentícia para prevenir a oxidação de produtos de origem animal. Além disso, os oxidantes naturais estão sendo cada vez mais aplicados na reprodução animal, principalmente na preservação do sêmen. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a aplicação de antioxidantes naturais na reprodução animal. Observamos que os antioxidantes naturais foram geralmente adquiridos comercialmente (80,4%) e utilizados principalmente no resfriamento/congelamento de sêmen (72%) com resultados promissores (90%) em Sus scrofa (javali), Capra aegagrus hircus (cabra), Gallus gallus domesticus (galo) e Ovis aries (carneiro). No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para ajudar a regular a dosagem de antioxidantes naturais para sua aplicação. Palavras-chave: criopreservação; radicais livres; peroxidação lipídica; estresse oxidativo; vitamina E.

Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, possesses bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the P. cauliflora fruit peel extraction method, maximize phenolic constituents, and evaluate their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Various extraction methods, including vortex extraction with and without precipitation at 25, 40, and 80 °C, and infusion extraction with and without precipitation, were performed using a completely randomized design. Extraction without precipitation (E − P) showed the highest yield (57.9%). However, the precipitated extraction (E + P) method displayed a yield of 45.9%, higher levels of phenolic derivatives, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Major compounds, such as D-psicose, D-glucose, and citric acid, were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified citric acid, hexose, flavonoids, tannins, and quercetin as the major compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the E + P method efficiently obtained extracts with high content of bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities with potential application as a dietary supplement.

Este artigo busca refletir sobre como os processos de intervenções pedagógicas podem auxiliar a aprendizagem matemática na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Em 2018, na tese de doutorado, analisamos as intervenções pedagógicas realizadas no Atendimento Educa-cional Especializado e na sala de aula regular, abrangendo quatro alunos com Deficiência Intelectual e Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, matriculados nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no município de Gravataí/RS. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que as intervenção es pedagógicas na área da Matemática se constituem como um processo de ensino e aprendizagem contínuo e complexo que envolve múltiplos fatores e agentes de intervenção.

Abstract The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the application of ultrasound as a previous step to promote the substrates pre-emulsion in the hydrolysis reaction of macauba kernel oil (MKO). The ultrasound effect on the substrates pre-emulsion was evaluated on the free fatty acid (FFA) content, as well as the process variables (reaction time, percentage of catalyst Lipozyme® RM IM, and buffer solution). Reactions carried out with the substrates pre-emulsion presented higher FFA production, up to a 40 wt% increase in 1 hour of reaction, yielding 80 wt% of FFAs in 8 hours. The use of catalyst in the reaction medium, from 5 to 15 wt%, favored the FFAs production in 2 hours of reaction. Addition of 25 to 100 wt% of buffer solution led to 86 wt% of FFAs in 4 hours of reaction. Enzyme recycling resulted in a slight decrease in the FFA content, although the catalyst had maintained 85% of its initial activity after 30 h of use. Therefore, the ultrasound pre-emulsion previous step allowed a more efficient hydrolysis reaction of MKO, leading to an increase of up to 40 wt% on the FFA content, when compared to the hydrolysis without such step.

Este estudo descreve as lesões morfológicas da bexiga e em cólon em ratos Wistar, de ambos os sexos, submetidos a um teste alternativo para a identificação de cancerígenos químicos. Desenvolvido por pesquisadores japoneses em ratos Fischer 344 machos, em 1996, este teste foi adotado, com algumas modificações, pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), como fonte de evidência de carcinogenicidade química. Os animais foram separados em seis grupos, um deles o controle não-tratado. Os grupos 2, 3 e 4 sofreram iniciação multi-orgânica da carcinogênese pelo tratamento sequencial com N-dietilnitrosamina (DEN, 100 mg/kg i.p.), N-metil-N-nitrosouréia (MNU, 80 mg/kg i.p.), N-butil-N-(4-hidroxibutil)nitrosamina (BBN 0,05 % via água de beber, semanas 1 e 2), dimetil-hidrazina (DMH, 160 mg/kg, s.c.) e dihidroxi-propil-nitrosamina (DHPN 0,1% via água de beber, semanas 3 e 4). A promoção da carcinogênese foi estabelecida à partir da 6a. semana, pela mistura, na ração, de 0,05% fenobarbital (grupos 3 e 5) ou 0,01% 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2-AAF, grupos 4 e 6), até o final do experimento, na 30a. semana. Na bexiga, a lesão vesical mais relevante foi a hiperplasia papilífera/nodular (HPN), particularmente nos grupos machos iniciados e promovidos para a carcinogênese. No cólon, ocorreram focos de criptas aberrantes (FCA), adenomas e adenocarcinomas. As neoplasias do cólon ocorreram em todos os grupos iniciados de ambos os sexos, mas aumento significativo da incidência de adenocarcinomas só ocorreu nos machos promovidos por 2-AAF. Os resultados indicam que a iniciação da carcinogênese foi efetiva nos animais tratados e documentam o padrão de lesões que ocorre na bexiga e cólon de ratos Wistar.

Toxicological effects of 25H-NBOMe and 25H-NBOH recreational drugs on zebrafish embryos and larvae at the end of 96 h exposure period were demonstrated. 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe caused high embryo mortality at 80 and 100 µg mL−1, respectively. According to the decrease in the concentration tested, lethality decreased while non-lethal effects were predominant up to 10 and 50 µg mL−1 of 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe, respectively, including spine malformation, egg hatching delay, body malformation, otolith malformation, pericardial edema, and blood clotting. We can disclose that these drugs have an affinity for DNA in vitro using biophysical spectroscopic assays and molecular modeling methods. The experiments demonstrated that 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe bind to the unclassical major groove of ctDNA with a binding constant of 27.00 × 104 M−1 and 5.27 × 104 M−1, respectively. Furthermore, these interactions lead to conformational changes in the DNA structure. Therefore, the results observed in the zebrafish embryos and DNA may be correlated.

Abstract Objectives Many therapies have been proposed in order to investigate the mechanisms of neural repair associated with neurological diseases, including bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) transplantation. However, there is evidence that some encephalic injuries are less responsive to neural repair, such as, for example, cortical ablation. On the other hand, some models of cortical ablation have shown functional recovery after BMMC transplantation. Thus, it is relevant to expand the knowledge of BMMC transplantation-induced neuroplasticity in animal models, considering a promising approach for the rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases. Using an experimental model of cerebral cortex ablation in adult male Wistar rats, which is known to be poorly responsive to neuroplasticity, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BMMC on axonal sprouting in cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal pathways synaptic fields. An anterograde neurotracer was used to evaluate the distribution of axonal fibres. Results The results showed that BMMC were not able to significantly induce axonal sprouting in the evaluated synaptic fields. Our results reinforced the idea that cortical ablation may be less responsive to neuroplasticity and the beneficial effects of BMMC therapy depend on the particularities of a neural microenvironment intrinsic to a given cortical lesion.

R E S U M O Vislumbrando obter um hidrolisado com elevados percentuais de ácidos graxos livres (AGLs), o presente trabalho teve como objetivo explorar a hidrólise enzimática do óleo de caroço de algodão (OCA). Diferentes pré-tratamentos para purificação do óleo foram propostos, dos quais a lavagem com água aquecida à 80 ºC resultou em apreciáveis 52,2% de AGLs, sendo esta etapa fixada para a condução das posteriores. O efeito das variáveis do processo (percentual de água, pH da solução tampão e percentual de catalisador) foi avaliado sequencialmente, por meio dos catalisadores enzimáticos Lipozyme® RM IM e Lipozyme® TL IM. O aumento do percentual de água (5-100% em relação à massa de óleo) e pH da solução tampão (5,7-8,2) no meio reacional foi proporcional ao aumento da formação de AGL para ambas as enzimas avaliadas, com destaque para a Lipozyme® TL IM. Ao analisar a influência do catalisador (1-15%), pode-se constatar que menores percentuais (5%) promoveram a formação de maiores teores de AGLs (~83%). Após efeito das variáveis, na faixa experimental considerada, ~83% de AGLs foram obtidos utilizando 50% de solução tampão à pH 8,2 e 5% de enzima Lipozyme® TL IM, durante 6 horas de reação à 55 ºC e 400 rpm. Palavras-Chaves: Catálise enzimática, Hidrólise, Variáveis experimentais. Synthesis of free fatty acids of cotton seed oil A B S T R A C T Seeking to obtain a hydrolyzate with high percentages of free fatty acids (FFA), the present work aimed to explore the enzymatic hydrolysis of cottonseed oil (OCA). Different pretreatments for oil purification were proposed, of which washing with water heated to 80 ºC resulted in appreciable 52.2% of FFAs, this stage being fixed for the conduction of the latter. The effect of the process variables (water percentage, buffer pH and percentage of catalyst) was evaluated sequentially through the enzymatic catalysts Lipozyme® RM IM and Lipozyme® TL IM. The increase in the percentage of water (5-100% in relation to the oil mass) and pH of the buffer solution (5.7-8.2) in the reaction medium was proportional to the increase of FFA formation for both enzymes evaluated, with emphasis on Lipozyme® TL IM. When analyzing the influence of the catalyst (1-15%), it can be seen that lower percentages (5%) promoted the formation of higher levels of AGLs (~83%). After effect of the variables, in the experimental range considered, ~83% of FFAs were obtained using 50% buffer solution at pH 8.2 and 5% Lipozyme® TL IM enzyme, during 6 hours of reaction at 55 ºC and 400 rpm. Keywords: Enzymatic catalysis, Hydrolysis, Experimental variables.

O texto articula a teoria social de Bourdieu e as teorias das mediações de Martín-Barbero e do consumo cultural de García Canclini, com objetivo de compreender como as apropriações dos conteúdos midiáticos entre mulheres da classe trabalhadora colabora para a conformação dos seus habitus de classe e de gênero. A discussão, proposta a partir da articulação de duas pesquisas empíricas, aponta a relevância de se traçar um panorama do capital cultural, em especial aquele acumulado na família e na escola, como forma de melhor compreender as dinâmicas que constituem o processo do consumo cultural, midiático e da recepção.

A espécie Automeris liberia Cramer tem ocorrência na América do Sul, com registro no Equador, Peru, algumas regiões no México e, mais recentemente, na Amazônia brasileira, causando danos a várias espécies de plantas. Objetivou-se estudar pioneiramente a biologia e a morfometria de A. liberia em laboratório, visando subsidiar informações para o manejo da praga na cultura da palma de óleo, na Amazônia brasileira. A criação, foi oriunda de lagartas coletadas em áreas comerciais de palma de óleo, onde as quais estavam causando desfolhamentos. Foram alimentadas com dieta natural a base de folhas de palma de óleo da var. Tenera. As observações foram iniciadas a partir da segunda geração. Foram avaliados sexagem, comportamento, posturas, massa, comprimento, envergadura, diâmetro do corpo, razão sexual, razão da média de crescimento e antena. O estágio embrionário durou 14 dias e o larval apresentou sete instares em 36 dias. O estágio pupal foi de 21 dias. Os adultos apresentaram longevidade de 4,5 e 6 dias e ciclo biológico total de 78,5 e 80 dias, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A razão de crescimento foi de 1,49. As antenas apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, sendo do macho tipo bipectinada e da fêmea filiforme. Na fase adulta foram avaliadas variáveis morfológicas (comprimento do corpo, diâmetro do tórax, envergadura, comprimento da asa anterior, altura da asa anterior, comprimento da asa posterior, altura da asa posterior, comprimento da antena, número de antenômeros e massa corpórea) entre machos e fêmeas, as quais apresentaram diferença estatística pelo teste Newman-Keuls (P < 0,05).

Se planteó la hipótesis de que es posible que el inóculo de diferentes especies de rumiantes con capacidades digestivas diferentes que se alimentan de un determinado forraje puede mostrar diferentes utilizaciones de alimento en comparación con otras especies de rumiantes. Se evaluaron cinco gramíneas Brachiaria: B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. decumbens acceso D70, B. humidicola cv. Tupi, B. humidicola cv. Común, y B. ruziziensis acceso R124, en dos edades de rebrote (21 y 42 d). Se analizó la producción, el contenido bromatológico, la digestibilidad de materia seca in vitro (DMSiv) y la digestibilidad de la fibra detergente neutro in vitro (DFDNiv) utilizando inóculos bovinos u ovinos. El experimento utilizó un diseño factorial de 5 × 2 × 2 y encontró efectos significativos para la variedad de gramínea y la edad de rebrote. Además, se encontraron interacciones significativas de gramínea × edad en la materia seca, la proteína cruda, la fibra detergente neutro y la fibra detergente ácido de la muestra total y lamina de la hoja. Hubo un efecto significativo de la variedad de gramínea y la edad de la gramínea en la masa del forraje, la relación lámina de la hoja/tallo, lámina de la hoja, tallo, material senescente y crecimiento. En los ensayos de la digestibilidad in vitro, el origen del inóculo mostró un efecto significativo en algunas variedades. Debido a las diferencias en los ensayos in vitro, se recomendó el uso de inóculos específicos de las especies para las evaluaciones de alimentos según el animal al que se destina. Asimismo, B. decumbens cv. Basilisk presentó la mejor digestibilidad in vitro (DMSiv y DFDNiv) en inóculo bovino, mientras que B. humidicola cv. Tupi tuvo mejor digestibilidad in vitro (DMSiv y DFDNiv) en inóculo ovino.

IntroductionDepression is a serious and widespread mental health disorder. Although effective treatment does exist, a significant proportion of patients with depression fail to respond to antidepressant treatment trials, a condition named treatment-resistant depression. Efficient approach should be given this condition in order to revert the burden caused by depression. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are evidence-based health promotion instruments to improve diagnosis and treatment. CPGs recommendations for treatment-resistant depression must be trustworthy. The objective of the proposed study is to systematically identify, appraise the quality of CPGs for the treatment of depression and elaborate a synthesis of recommendations for treatment-resistant depression of CPGs considered to be of high quality and with high quality recommendations.Methods and analysisWe will search the databases of organizations, such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and the Virtual Health Library, and organizations that develop CPGs. Three independent researchers will assess the quality of the CPGs and their recommendations using the AGREE II and AGREE-REX instruments, respectively. Given the identification of divergences and convergences as well as weak and strong points among high quality CPGs, our work may help developers, clinicians and eventually patients.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for a systematic review, as no patient data will be used. The research results will be disseminated in conferences and submitted to a peer reviewed journal.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a disease caused by several dematiaceous fungi from different genera, and Fonsecaea is the most common which has been clinically isolated. Genetic transformation methods have recently been described; however, molecular tools for the functional study of genes have been scarcely reported for those fungi. In this work, we demonstrated that gene deletion and generation of the null mutant by homologous recombination are achievable for Fonsecaea pedrosoi by the use of two approaches: use of double-joint PCR for cassette construction, followed by delivery of the split-marker by biolistic transformation. Through in silico analyses, we identified that F. pedrosoi presents the complete enzymatic apparatus required for tryptophan (trp) biosynthesis. The gene encoding a tryptophan synthase trpB —which converts chorismate to trp—was disrupted. The ΔtrpB auxotrophic mutant can grow with external trp supply, but germination, viability of conidia, and radial growth are defective compared to the wild-type and reconstituted strains. The use of 5-FAA for selection of trp- phenotypes and for counter-selection of strains carrying the trp gene was also demonstrated. The molecular tools for the functional study of genes, allied to the genetic information from genomic databases, significantly boost our understanding of the biology and pathogenicity of CBM causative agents.

Olive leaves (OL) are products of olive cultivation with a high commercial value because they contain valuable bioactive compounds. Chia and sesame seeds have a high functional value because of their attractive nutritional properties. When combined in the extraction process, the two products constitute a product of high quality. The use of pressurized propane in vegetable oil extraction is advantageous because it provides solvent-free oil. This study aimed to combine two high-quality products to obtain oils with a unique combination of attractive nutritional properties and high levels of bioactive compounds. The mass percentage yields of the OL extracts with chia and sesame oils were 23.4% and 24.8%, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of the pure oils and their respective OL-enriched oils were similar. There was an aggregation of the 35% and 32% (v/v) bioactive OL compounds in chia and sesame oils, respectively. OL oils exhibited superior antioxidant capacities. The induction times of the OL extracts with the sesame and chia oils increased by 73% and 4.4%, respectively. Incorporating OL active compounds in healthy edible vegetable oils using propane as a solvent promotes the reduction of lipid oxidation, improves the lipid profiles and health indices of the oils, and forms a product with attractive nutritional characteristics.

Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (pequi) is the fruit of the pequizeiro tree found in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna). Supercritical fluids have been used to effectively extract bioactive chemicals. In light of the paucity of research on the supercritical extraction of pequi, in this study, experimental tests were conducted on the extraction of pequi almond oil using supercritical CO2; the optimal extraction conditions were determined, and the fatty acids and active compounds in the oil were characterized. The experiments were conducted using the Box–Behnken experimental design of a three-variable system: pressure (15, 20, and 25 MPa), temperature (303.15, 318.15, and 333.15 K), and flow rate (2, 3, and 5 g.min−1). The optimal extraction conditions were 318.15 K, 25 MPa, and 5.0 g.min−1, which yielded 27.6 wt% of oil. The experimental kinetic curves were described using a second-order quadratic model (based on the Sovová model), which demonstrated a satisfactory correspondence with the kinetic curves. Significant amounts of squalene, stigmasterol, oleic fatty acids, and palmitic fatty acids were detected in pequi almond oil.

Objetivo: compreender o sentido de ser adolescente vivendo com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Método: estudo qualitativo utilizando o referencial teórico-filosófico-metodológico de Martin Heidegger para análise e interpretação do vivido de nove adolescentes soropositivos assistidos no Serviço de Assistência Especializada da cidade de Juiz de Fora, durante o ano de 2016. Resultados: na maioria das vezes, os participantes sabem de seu diagnóstico somente algum tempo após o tratamento, possuem a mesma rotina de atividades dos adolescentes que não convivem com HIV, valorizam o bom relacionamento com os colegas, mas somente a família ou poucos amigos sabem de sua condição de soropositividade. Conclusão: adolescentes soropositivos vivenciam um ex-sistir igual aos demais de sua idade, compreendem que precisam manter a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, à rotina de exames laboratoriais e ao estilo de vida que inclui dieta saudável e prática de exercícios. ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meaning of being a teenager living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Method: qualitative study using Martin Heidegger's theoretical-philosophical-methodological framework for analysis and interpretation of the experience of nine HIV-positive adolescents assisted in the Specialized Assistance Service of the city of Juiz de Fora, during 2016. Results: most of the time, participants only know about their diagnosis sometime after treatment, they have the same routine of activities as adolescents who do not live with HIV, they value good relationships with peers, but only family or few friends know about their HIV status. Conclusion: HIV-positive adolescents experience an ex-sis equal to others of their age, understand that they need to maintain adherence to drug treatment, routine laboratory tests and a lifestyle that includes a healthy diet and exercise. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender el significado de ser un adolescente que convive con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Método: estudio cualitativo que utiliza el marco teórico-filosófico-metodológico de Martin Heidegger para análisis e interpretación de la experiencia de nueve adolescentes VIH positivos atendidos en el Servicio de Atención Especializada de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora, durante 2016. Resultados: la mayoría de las veces, los participantes solo conocen su diagnóstico algún tiempo después del tratamiento, tienen la misma rutina de actividades que los adolescentes que no tienen el VIH, valoran las buenas relaciones con sus compañeros, pero solo la familia o pocos amigos conocen su condición de seropositividad. Conclusión: los adolescentes seropositivos experimentan un ex-sistir igual a los otros de su edad, entienden que necesitan mantener el tratamiento farmacológico, la rutina de pruebas de laboratorio y un estilo de vida que incluye una dieta saludable y la práctica de ejercicios.

This study evaluated the inclusion of concentrate and monensin, salinomycin and flavomycin in sheep diets on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability, ruminal variables and nitrogen balance. Five sheep in a latin square received the treatments: HAY (hay only), CONT (hay + concentrate), MON (hay + concentrate + monensin), SALI (hay + concentrate + salinomycin), and FLAV (hay + concentrate + flavomycin). Hay was offered ad libitum, concentrate, 20 g kg-1 of body weight (BW), and additives, 0.75 mg kg-1 of BW. The treatments with the concentrate (CONT, MON, SALI and FLAV) showed increased (P≤0.05) on intake, digestibility, total VFA, propionate and butyrate proportions, N-NH3, and nitrogen balance, and decreased (P≤0.05) DM and NDF degradability, acetate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio, and rumen pH compared to the HAY. The comparison between the outcome effects from additives with the CONT showed that the acetate proportion and acetate:propionate ratio was only reduced by MON (P≤0.05). MON and SALI increased (P≤0.05) the propionate proportion. The proportion of butyrate was increased with the inclusion of FLAV and reduced with MON 8and SALI. Only MON reduced the production of N-NH3 (P≤0.05). Other variables showed no effects from additives (P>0.05) in relation to the CONT. The inclusion of the concentrate in sheep diets caused alterations on intake, digestibility, ruminal variables (VFA, pH, and N-NH3) and nitrogen balance. However, the additives only altered the ruminal variables (VFA and N-NH3) and the greatest effects were observed with MON.