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One of the few preanalytical problems related to urinalysis is preservation of urine. The aim of this study was to estimate acceptability of analyzing a urine preserved with boric acid after 24h and 48h, respectively. The study included random 11 voided fresh dog’s urine samples. The main conditions were urine volumen of 10 mL and absence of contaminants in urine sediment. Urinalysis included strip test and corrected specific gravity (SG) value. After centifugation (5min, 400g, 4°C), in the urine supernatant, urinary protein and creatitine concentrations were measured. On the 1st day, the urinalysis was made with unpreserved urine. Afterwards, urine samples were drawn into the Sarstedt Urine Monovettes with boric acid (boric acid preparation concentration 15 mg/mL), stored at 4°C and analysed after 24h and 48h. Measuring of leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, protein, pH, hemoglobin, ketone, bilirubin and glucose was made semiquantitatively on Siemens Clinitek Status+ analyzer with Multistix 10SG strips. SG was measured quantitatively with a Reichert hand-held refractometer. Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations were measured quantitatively with Abbott Architect plus c4000 analyzer with Abbott reagents. After 24h and 48h, bilirubin, ketone, urobilinogen, and nitrite values were unchanged. SG, urinary protein and creatinine concentrations were slightly unstable (0, 2- 3% ; p>0, 05). Hemoglobin values were unstable (22% ; p>0, 05) after 24h and 48h. Leukocyte and pH values were lower after 24h and glucose values after 48h, compared to the initial analysis. The test strip protein values were lower after 24h and 48h (-111% ; p>0, 05). The change in pH values was statistically significant (p

Background: Markers of kidney dysfunction and damage have potential to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in early stages. However, data on long-term variation of these markers in healthy dogs is lacking and is crucial for the interpretation of results. Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine temporal variations of serum cystatin C (sCysC) and urinary retinol-binding protein (uRBP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), immunoglobulin G (uIgG), and C-reactive protein (uCRP) in healthy dogs. Animals: Eight clinically healthy adult Beagles were evaluated. Methods: Longitudinal observational study. Serum cystatin C was determined by particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay. Urinary retinol-binding protein, uNGAL, uIgG and uCRP were determined by ELISA and concentrations were indexed to urinary creatinine. Within- and between-dog variance components (VC) and within-dog coefficients of variation (CV) were determined from blood and urine collected at eight time points over 1.5 years. Results: Urinary C-reactive protein (uCRP) concentrations were consistently below the detection limit (5.28 ng/mL). Mean within-dog standard deviation for sCysC, uRBP/c, uNGAL/c and uIgG/c was 0.15 +/- 0.01 mg/L, 0.09 +/- 0.03 mg/g, 2.32 +/- 2.03 g/g and 12.47 +/- 10.98 mg/g, respectively. Within-dog CV for sCysC, uRBP/c, uNGAL/c and uIgG/c was 8.1%, 33.7%, 87.2% and 88.1%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical importance: Serum cystatin C, uRBP/c, uNGAL/c and uIgG/c exhibit a wide range of long-term within-dog variability. Researchers and veterinarians might need to take this into account when interpreting their results. To assess their diagnostic and predictive ability, future studies need to establish reference ranges for healthy dogs and dogs with CKD.

International audience; Dogue de Bordeaux dog has been reported to be predisposed to a familial glomerulonephropathy that displays some morphological modifications reported in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prevalence of quantitatively abnormal renal proteinuria was recently reported to be 33% in this breed. The nature of the proteinuria was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and determinations of urinary markers (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, urinary albumin and urinary immunoglobulin G) on stored specimens. Diagnostic performances of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis to identify dogs with elevated urinary biomarkers were assessed. Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio 0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy. The electrophoretic protein patterns, for all but one proteinuric dog, were indicative of a glomerular origin and, in all dogs, the urinary albumin concentration related to creatinine concentration and the urinary immunoglobulin G concentration related to creatinine concentration were above the upper limit of the reference interval established for the breed. Sensitivity and specificity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis identifying dogs with elevated urinary albumin concentration were 94% and 92%, respectively, while diagnostic performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting dogs with elevated urinary immunoglobulin G concentration yielded sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 74%, respectively. These results suggest that all proteinuric and some borderline-proteinuric Dogue de Bordeaux dogs likely have underlying glomerular lesions and that sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and urinary markers might be useful to screen dogs with borderline-proteinuria. Additional investigations are warranted to assess if these findings are related to the familial glomerulonephropathy.

Background Systemic hypertension and proteinuria are frequent complications in dogs with Cushing's syndrome and do not always resolve after treatment of hypercortisolism. Therefore, dogs with Cushing's syndrome may be at risk for renal dysfunction before and after treatment. Hypothesis/Objectives To assess renal function in dogs with ACTH-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADHAC) before and after treatment. Animals A total of 19 dogs with ADHAC and 12 control dogs. Methods Renal function was assessed before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Twelve dogs were treated with trilostane and 7 dogs by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Routine renal markers were measured and urinary albumin (uALB), immunoglobulin G (uIgG), and retinol-binding protein (uRBP) were assessed by ELISA. Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) was determined colorimetrically. All urinary markers were indexed to urinary creatinine concentration (c). Plasma clearance of creatinine (Clcreat), exo-iohexol (Clexo), and endo-iohexol (Clendo) was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Data were analyzed using a general linear model. Results Serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased post-treatment, but remained within reference ranges. Plasma Clcreat and Clendo were significantly lower post-treatment, whereas Clexo was not different. Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), uALB/c, uIgG/c, and uRBP/c were decreased post-treatment, but at 12 months 5/13 dogs remained proteinuric. Urinary NAG/c did not change significantly. Conclusions and clinical importance A decrease in GFR and persistent proteinuria post-treatment may warrant the clinician's attention. Future research including renal histopathology of dogs with persistent proteinuria or low GFR is needed to further assess renal outcome.