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BackgroundTriglyceride glucose index (TyG) at baseline is an important influencing factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) , but there is still a lack of prospective cohort studies on the influence of TyG longitudinal trajectory on new-onset CVD at home and abroad.ObjectiveTo explore the influence of TyG longitudinal trajectory on the occurrence of new-onset CVD.MethodsThe Kailuan Study has been followed up every 2 years that began in 2006. A prospective cohort study method was used to select those who participated in three consecutive health examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010, with complete triacylglycerol and blood glucose levels, and no history of malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as the observation objects. The 2010 health check-up time point was used as the starting point for the follow-up, and the occurrence of CVD, death or the end of the follow-up (2017-12-31) was used as the end point of the follow-up. SAS Proc Traj program was used to establish the trajectory model of the research object TyG, four different groups were determine daccording to the longitudinal trajectories of TyG: low-stable group, medium and low-stable group, medium and high-stable group, and high-stable group. The general data and laboratory observation indicatorsof the patients were collected and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influence of TyG longitudinal trajectory on new-onset CVD.ResultsA total of 54 258 subjects meeting the inclusion criteriawere included, including 13 150 cases (24.24%) in the low-stable group, 28 488 cases (52.50%) in the medium-low-stable group, 10 808 cases (19.92%) in the medium-high-stable group, and 1 812 cases (3.34%) cases in the high-stable group. There were statistically significant differences in the age, gender, BMI, heart rate, TyG2006, TyG2008, TyG2010, HDL-C, LDL-C, UA, hs-CRP, TG, FBG, ALT, smoking, drinking, and physical exercise and the proportion of taking lipid-lowering drugs among different groups (P

Primary cilia are organelles present on most mammalian cells that sense environmental changes and transduce signaling, and they are the key coordinators of various signaling pathways during tissue development. This article reviews the progress of research on the distribution of primary cilia in tooth development and the related signaling pathways. A literature review shows that in odontogenesis, primary cilia play an important role in the mutual induction of the epithelium and mesenchyme; during the continuous proliferation and differentiation of cells, the distribution of primary cilia is temporally and spatially dependent. Although the reason for this distribution is still unclear, some experimental evidence indicates that this phenomenon is compatible with the function of cells and tissues in which primary cilia are distributed. Primary cilia are involved in the regulation of two important signaling pathways, Hedgehog and Wnt, in odontogenesis. Genes encoding cilia (such as Kif3a, Evc/Evc2 and Ift) can affect the development of teeth by regulating these two signaling pathways, and there is an interaction between the two signaling pathways. Deletion of related genes (such as Ofd1 and Bbs) can damage the transmission of upstream and downstream signals by damaging the structure or function of cilia, thereby causing various types of dental dysplasia, including small teeth, enamel hypoplasia, missing teeth, or craniofacial deformities.

Traditional titanium implants are bioinert, and some biological properties, such as osteogenic and antibacterial properties, can be obtained by adding different trace elements to their surfaces. These trace elements can help enhance implant-bone binding and effectively prevent peri-implantitis. Different trace elements have different advantages, and different modification methods can also affect the biological properties. In this paper, the biological properties of titanium implant surfaces modified by trace elements were reviewed. The results of a literature review show that implant surfaces modified by fluoride, silver, zinc, manganese, etc. can inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the negative impact on normal cells from bacteria. Other elements, such as strontium, tantalum and cobalt, can promote the differentiation of osteoblasts on the surface of titanium implants, improve the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and improve the expression of osteogenic genes, thus increasing the amount of bone formation and enhancing the strength of implant-bone integration. Most elements have multiple properties, and the combined application of two or more elements can yield more biological properties than a single element. Since there are many trace elements in the human body, there is still a wide research space available in the field of the surface modification of dental implants by trace elements.

For patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities who receive orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment, the conventional treatment approach is preoperative orthodontic-orthognathic surgery-postoperative orthodontics. However, with the development of techniques used in orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, the surgery-first approach (SFA), namely, orthodontic surgery-postoperative orthodontics, has been widely used currently and displays several advantages, such as improving the treatment efficiency and providing patients with more satisfaction. This review provides a brief discussion and review of SFA concerning its development, indications, advantages and disadvantages, outcomes and stability, and the application and research progress of SFA in orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment for patients with maxillofacial deformity. The literature review results showed that compared with the conventional treatment approach, SFA has relatively strict indications, which usually include patients with skeletal class Ⅱ/Ⅲ malocclusion, skeletal open bite, and bimaxillary protrusion or patients with facial asymmetry but who require little preoperative orthodontic treatment or removal of the compensation of the dental arch, specifically as follows: ①well-aligned to mildly crowded anterior teeth, ②flat to mild curve of Spee, ③normal to mildly proclined/retroclined incisor inclination, ④acceptable arch coordination, ⑤extensive occlusal contact between the upper and lower dentition requiring at least 3 occlusal contacts. Any occlusion that may affect the outcome of surgery or final result of the overall treatment, as well as any disease that may jeopardize the healing process after surgery, is regarded as a contraindication. Furthermore, SFA has potential disadvantages, such as a possible higher incidence of complications, including unstable occlusion and malunion of bones, which still require further research to be confirmed. Most researchers believe that no significant difference occurs between the outcome and stability of the two approaches. However, currently, we still need a sufficient sample size of prospective studies to provide accurate evidence.

A numerical method for solving the one-dimensional Buckley-Leverett equation arising in the process of displacement of oil by water is presented. Instead of using the traditional spatial discrete grids, the numerical algorithm is built on a “range discrete” grid, which is obtained by direct subdivisions in the saturation domain. The range discrete grid describes the discontinuities explicitly and completely, and has an adaptive nature in smooth regions. Grid points are divided into two classes: continuous points and discontinuous points. Numerical solution of the Buckley-Leverett equation is achieved by moving continuous points by tracing characteristics and moving discontinuous points by tracking discontinuities. Numerical examples are presented, and the solutions obtained by the proposed method are found of high precision. Especially, shocks are solved with no dissipation, and the sharpness is maintained.

Abstract Background Prediction of protein-ligand binding sites is an important issue for protein function annotation and structure-based drug design. Nowadays, although many computational methods for ligand-binding prediction have been developed, there is still a demanding to improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency. In addition, most of these methods are purely geometry-based, if the prediction methods improvement could be succeeded by integrating physicochemical or sequence properties of protein-ligand binding, it may also be more helpful to address the biological question in such studies. Results In our study, in order to investigate the contribution of sequence conservation in binding sites prediction and to make up the insufficiencies in purely geometry based methods, a simple yet efficient protein-binding sites prediction algorithm is presented, based on the geometry-based cavity identification integrated with sequence conservation information. Our method was compared with the other three classical tools: PocketPicker, SURFNET, and PASS, and evaluated on an existing comprehensive dataset of 210 non-redundant protein-ligand complexes. The results demonstrate that our approach correctly predicted the binding sites in 59% and 75% of cases among the TOP1 candidates and TOP3 candidates in the ranking list, respectively, which performs better than those of SURFNET and PASS, and achieves generally a slight better performance with PocketPicker. Conclusions Our work has successfully indicated the importance of the sequence conservation information in binding sites prediction as well as provided a more accurate way for binding sites identification.

Abstract Background In the adaptive immune system, variable regions of immunoglobulin (IG) are encoded by random recombination of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the germline. Partitioning the functional antibody sequences to their sourcing germline gene segments is vital not only for understanding antibody maturation but also for promoting the potential engineering of the therapeutic antibodies. To date, several tools have been developed to perform such "trace-back" calculations. Yet, the predicting ability and processing volume of those tools vary significantly for different sets of data. Moreover, none of them give a confidence for immunoglobulin heavy diversity (IGHD) identification. Developing fast, efficient and enhanced tools is always needed with the booming of immunological data. Results Here, a program named Ab-origin is presented. It is designed by batch query against germline databases based on empirical knowledge, optimized scoring scheme and appropriate parameters. Special efforts have been paid to improve the identification accuracy of the short and volatile region, IGHD. In particular, a threshold score for certain sensitivity and specificity is provided to give the confidence level of the IGHD identification. Conclusion When evaluated using different sets of both simulated data and experimental data, Ab-origin outperformed all the other five popular tools in terms of prediction accuracy. The features of batch query and confidence indication of IGHD identification would provide extra help to users. The program is freely available at http://mpsq.biosino.org/ab-origin/supplementary.html.