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1. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

Author

Olivier Berné, Émilie Habart, Els Peeters, Alain Abergel, Edwin A. Bergin, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas, Emeric Bron, Jan Cami, Emmanuel Dartois, Asunción Fuente, Javier R. Goicoechea, Karl D. Gordon, Yoko Okada, Takashi Onaka, Massimo Robberto, Markus Röllig, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Sílvia Vicente, Mark G. Wolfire, Felipe Alarcón, C. Boersma, Amélie Canin, Ryan Chown, Daniel Dicken, David Languignon, Romane Le Gal, Marc W. Pound, Boris Trahin, Thomas Simmer, Ameek Sidhu, Dries Van De Putte, Sara Cuadrado, Claire Guilloteau, Alexandros Maragkoudakis, Bethany R. Schefter, Thiébaut Schirmer, Stéphanie Cazaux, Isabel Aleman, Louis Allamandola, Rebecca Auchettl, Giuseppe Antonio Baratta, Salma Bejaoui, Partha P. Bera, Goranka Bilalbegović, John H. Black, Francois Boulanger, Jordy Bouwman, Bernhard Brandl, Philippe Brechignac, Sandra Brünken, Andrew Burkhardt, Alessandra Candian, Jose Cernicharo, Marin Chabot, Shubhadip Chakraborty, Jason Champion, Sean W. J. Colgan, Ilsa R. Cooke, Audrey Coutens, Nick L. J. Cox, Karine Demyk, Jennifer Donovan Meyer, Cécile Engrand, Sacha Foschino, Pedro García-Lario, Lisseth Gavilan, Maryvonne Gerin, Marie Godard, Carl A. Gottlieb, Pierre Guillard, Antoine Gusdorf, Patrick Hartigan, Jinhua He, Eric Herbst, Liv Hornekaer, Cornelia Jäger, Eduardo Janot-Pacheco, Christine Joblin, Michael Kaufman, Francisca Kemper, Sarah Kendrew, Maria S. Kirsanova, Pamela Klaassen, Collin Knight, Sun Kwok, Álvaro Labiano, Thomas S.-Y. Lai, Timothy J. Lee, Bertrand Lefloch, Franck Le Petit, Aigen Li, Hendrik Linz, Cameron J. Mackie, Suzanne C. Madden, Joëlle Mascetti, Brett A. McGuire, Pablo Merino, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Karl Misselt, Jon A. Morse, Giacomo Mulas, Naslim Neelamkodan, Ryou Ohsawa, Alain Omont, Roberta Paladini, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Amit Pathak, Yvonne J. Pendleton, Annemieke Petrignani, Thomas Pino, Elena Puga, Naseem Rangwala, Mathias Rapacioli, Alessandra Ricca, Julia Roman-Duval, Joseph Roser, Evelyne Roueff, Gaël Rouillé, Farid Salama, Dinalva A. Sales, Karin Sandstrom, Peter Sarre, Ella Sciamma-O’Brien, Kris Sellgren, Matthew J. Shannon, Sachindev S. Shenoy, David Teyssier, Richard D. Thomas, Aditya Togi, Laurent Verstraete, Adolf N. Witt, Alwyn Wootten, Nathalie Ysard, Henning Zettergren, Yong Zhang, Ziwei E. Zhang, Junfeng Zhen, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Meisei University, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), Australian Synchrotron [Clayton], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), University of Zagreb, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute for Molecules and Materials [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], Wellesley College, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Charlottesville] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Rice University [Houston], Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), University of Virginia, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Telespazio, Services par satellites, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Laboratoire (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Stockholm University, Texas State University, Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BEL, BRA, CHL, TWN, HRV, DNK, JPN, IND, NLD, PRT, CHN, RUS, SWE, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Maryland, University of Michigan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San José State University Research Foundation, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G.G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcón, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Le Gal, Romane, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegović, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brünken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, José, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W.J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L.J., Demyk, Karine, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Le Petit, Franck, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, MacKie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), and HIMS (FNWI)

Subjects
Gaseous Nebulae, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FELIX Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy, Star Forming Regions, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Infrared Telescopes, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Photodissociation Regions, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs), Massive stars, Orion Bar, MIRI, NIRSpec, NIRCam, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

22 pags., 8 figs., 1 tab., Massive stars disrupt their natal molecular cloud material through radiative and mechanical feedback processes. These processes have profound effects on the evolution of interstellar matter in our Galaxy and throughout the universe, from the era of vigorous star formation at redshifts of 1-3 to the present day. The dominant feedback processes can be probed by observations of the Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs) where the far-ultraviolet photons of massive stars create warm regions of gas and dust in the neutral atomic and molecular gas. PDR emission provides a unique tool to study in detail the physical and chemical processes that are relevant for most of the mass in inter-and circumstellar media including diffuse clouds, proto-planetary disks, and molecular cloud surfaces, globules, planetary nebulae, and star-forming regions. PDR emission dominates the infrared (IR) spectra of star-forming galaxies. Most of the Galactic and extragalactic observations obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will therefore arise in PDR emission. In this paper we present an Early Release Science program using the MIRI, NIRSpec, and NIRCam instruments dedicated to the observations of an emblematic and nearby PDR: the Orion Bar. These early JWST observations will provide template data sets designed to identify key PDR characteristics in JWST observations. These data will serve to benchmark PDR models and extend them into the JWST era. We also present the Science-Enabling products that we will provide to the community. These template data sets and Science-Enabling products will guide the preparation of future proposals on star-forming regions in our Galaxy and beyond and will facilitate data analysis and interpretation of forthcoming JWST observations., Support for JWST-ERS program ID 1288 was provided through grants from the STScI under NASA contract NAS5-03127 to STScI (K.G., D.V.D.P., M.R.), Univ. of Maryland (M.W., M.P.), Univ. of Michigan (E.B., F.A.), and Univ. of Toledo (T.S.-Y.L.). O.B. and E.H. are supported by the Programme National “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES, and through APR grants 6315 and 6410 provided by CNES. E. P. and J.C. acknowledge support from the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant program (RGPIN-2020-06434 and RGPIN-2021-04197 respectively). E.P. acknowledges support from a Western Strategic Support Accelerator Grant (ROLA ID 0000050636). J.R.G. and S.C. thank the Spanish MCINN for funding support under grant PID2019-106110GB-I00. Work by M.R. and Y.O. is carried out within the Collaborative Research Centre 956, subproject C1, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)—project ID 184018867. T.O. acknowledges support from JSPS Bilateral Program, grant No. 120219939. M.P. and M.W. acknowledge support from NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program award #80NSSC19K0573. C.B. is grateful for an appointment at NASA Ames Research Center through the San José State University Research Foundation (NNX17AJ88A) and acknowledges support from the Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Directed Work Package at NASA Ames titled: “Laboratory Astrophysics—The NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database.”

Published
2022
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2. Zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas: An experimental study

Author

Fei Wu, Fang Huang, Haihao Guo, Ying Xia, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), and China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG)

Subjects
Incompatible element, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inorganic chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, Zinc, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, Equilibrium fractionation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Igneous rock, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Igneous differentiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Fluids in magmas play a key role in magma differentiation and transportation of economic metals for ore deposits. As a chalcophile and incompatible element, zinc and its isotopes have been increasingly applied to study the magmatic-hydrothermal processes. However, zinc isotopic fractionation between aqueous fluids and magmas has not been well constrained. Here we experimentally determined equilibrium fractionation factors of Zn isotopes between aqueous fluids and silicate magmas (Δ66Znfluid-magma= δ66Znfluid - δ66Znmagma). The results reveal that aqueous fluids are isotopically heavier than the coexisting silicate magmas. No correlation between Δ66Znfluid-magma and temperature or chlorine contents in fluids is observed under our experimental conditions. Instead, Δ66Znfluid-magma is negatively corresponded with NBO/T of the melt (the ratio of non-bridge oxygen and tetrahedron ions), and positively correlated with the molar ratio of Al/(0.5K+Ca+Fe) in the bulk magmas, suggesting the controlling of silicate composition on Zn isotope fractionation. Our data therefore indicate that the isotopically heavier Zn in the fluids exsolved from magmas may account for the higher δ66Zn of pegmatites and high-silica granitic rocks. Moreover, involvement of magmatic fluids can explain the highly variable and remarkably heavier Zn isotopic signatures of fumaroles, thermal spring waters, and seafloor hydrothermal fluids compared to the igneous rocks. This study provides information that can be used to guide research using Zn isotopes to trace fluid activity and magmatism.

Published
2021
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3. Seasonal riverine barium isotopic variation in the middle Yellow River: Sources and fractionation

Author

Huimin Yu, Jiubin Chen, Zhangdong Jin, Xiao-Dan Wang, Long-Fei Gou, Hongming Cai, Julien Bouchez, Albert Galy, Fang Huang, Chenyang Jin, Yingzeng Gong, Xiao-Yun Nan, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Xi’an], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Institute of Global Environmental Change [China] (IGEC), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Tongji University, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institute of Surface-Earth System Science of Tianjin University, and Tianjin University (TJU)

Subjects
Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seasonality, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Isotopic signature, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Loess, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Erosion, Precipitation, Geology, Groundwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Barium (Ba) isotopes have been used to trace water mass mixing and export productivity in the oceans. However, the sources, isotopic signature and seasonal variation of dissolved Ba in large rivers remain poorly constrained. In order to improve our understanding of sources and fractionation of riverine Ba isotopes at the continental scale, weekly sampling of river water was carried out in the middle Yellow River over the full hydrological year of 2013. Dissolved Ba was mainly sourced from silicate dissolution, whose flux was correlated with physical erosion rate in this arid to semi-arid basin, largely covered by loess. More than half of the annual dissolved Ba flux was transported during the monsoon season (June to mid-September), in particular during a storm event period (accounting for 4% of the annual dissolved Ba flux in 4 days). The dissolved Ba isotopic composition (δ138Barw) ranged from +0.17‰ to +0.46‰, all higher than δ138Ba of loess (0.00 ± 0.04‰). The seasonal variation in δ138Barw is best explained via an adsorption model of light Ba isotopes onto solids in the river, which is sensitive to erosion of loess, in particular during the storm event and the spring-time ice melting intervals, with a potential role of barite precipitation in groundwater during the dry seasons. With one to three orders of magnitude higher particulate matter fluxes during the monsoon seasons in rivers such as the Yellow River, desorption of Ba could result an unaccounted strong variation of Ba concentration and isotopic composition in coastal environments, which further study requires.

Published
2020
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4. Temporal variation of H 2 O content in the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton: Implications for the destruction of cratons

Author

Min Feng, Xiaoyan Gu, Pei Li, Qun-Ke Xia, Etienne Deloule, Huan Chen, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Basalt, Peridotite, Water content, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Craton destruction, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Temporal variation, Craton, 13. Climate action, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Upwelling, Lithospheric mantle, Xenolith, The North China Craton, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The water contents have been measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) on the minerals of peridotite xenoliths hosted by late Mesozoic basalts in three localities, Daxizhuang (74 Ma), Junan (67 Ma) and Qingdao (82 Ma), of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). The water content (H2O by weight) of the Daxizhuang samples is from 103 to 311 ppm for clinopyroxene (cpx), from 30 to 141 ppm for orthopyroxene (opx) and from 21 to 66 ppm for whole rocks. In contrast, the samples from Junan and Qingdao have high water content, from 466 to 746 ppm for cpx, 187 to 346 ppm for opx and 99 to 232 ppm for whole rocks. These results, combined with previously reported data of lithospheric mantle samples of the eastern NCC at ~ 120 Ma and < 40 Ma, suggest a temporal variation of water content in the lithospheric mantle since the peak time (~ 120 Ma) of the destruction of the NCC. At that time, the lithospheric mantle was hydrous (> 1000 ppm); after its destruction was complete at the end of the Mesozoic, the water content of the lithospheric mantle was extremely low (< 50 ppm); during the period of destruction, the lithospheric mantle had intermediate water content. The temporal variation is thought to be linked with the process of the craton destruction: (1) at the peak time of destruction, the hydrated lithospheric mantle creates a low-viscosity prerequisite for its own destruction; (2) during the destruction, the upwelling asthenosphere erodes the lowermost lithospheric mantle and heats the overlying lithospheric mantle continuously, resulting in lithospheric thinning and dewatering of the relict lithospheric mantle till to the cease of the destruction which is at least partly due to its low water content. The upwelling asthenosphere, however, cools at weak zones (e.g., deep faults) and transforms into newly accreted lithospheric mantle with higher water content than the dewatered relict mantle.

Published
2015
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5. Heterogeneous source components of intraplate basalts from NE China induced by the ongoing Pacific slab subduction

Author

Etienne Deloule, Jannick Ingrin, Huan Chen, Yao Bi, Qun-Ke Xia, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), School of Earth Sciences [Hangzhou], Zhejiang University, Université de Lille, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (RFDP)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP)

Subjects
Basalt, water content, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, source heterogeneity, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceanic crust, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Slab window, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Adakite, Phenocryst, Igneous differentiation, intraplate basalt, oxygen isotope, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pacific slab
Abstract

International audience; The subduction of oceanic slabs is widely accepted to be a main reason for chemical heterogeneities in the mantle. However, determining the contributions of slabs in areas that have experienced multiple subduction events is often difficult due to possible overlapping imprints. Understanding the temporal and spatial variations of source components for widespread intraplate small volume basalts in eastern China may be a basis for investigating the influence of the subducted Pacific slab, which has long been postulated but never confirmed. For this purpose, we investigated the Chaihe-aershan volcanic field (including more than 35 small-volume Quaternary basaltic volcanoes) in NE China and measured the oxygen isotopes and water content of clinopyroxene (cpx) phenocrysts using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The water content of magma was then estimated based on the partition coefficient of H2O between cpx and the basaltic melt. The δ18O of cpx phenocrysts (4.28‰ to 8.57‰) and H2O content of magmas (0.19 wt.%-2.70 wt.%) show large variations, reflecting the compositional heterogeneity of the mantle source. The δ18O values and H2O content within individual samples also display considerable variation, suggesting the mixing of magmas and that the magma mixing occurred shortly before the eruption. The relation between the δ18O values of cpx phenocrysts and the H2O/Ce ratio, Ba/Th ratio and Eu anomaly of whole rocks demonstrates the contributions of three components to the mantle source (hydrothermally altered upper oceanic crust and marine sediments, altered lower gabbroic oceanic crust, and ambient mantle). The proportions of these three components have varied widely over time (∼1.37 Ma to ∼0.25 Ma). The Pacific slab is constantly subducted under eastern Asia and continuously transports recycled materials to the deep mantle. The temporal heterogeneity of the source components may be caused by ongoing Pacific slab subduction. Combined with other basalt localities in eastern China (Shuangliao basalts, Taihang basalts and Shangdong basalts), the contributions of recycled oceanic components in their mantle source are heterogeneous. This spatial heterogeneity of mantle sources may be induced by variable alterations and dehydration during the recycling process of the Pacific slab. Our results show that the source components of Cenozoic intraplate small-volume basalts in eastern China are temporally and spatially heterogeneous, which is likely induced by the ongoing subduction of the Pacific slab. This demonstrates that integrating the temporal variations in geochemical characteristics and tectonic history of a study region can identify the subducted oceanic plate that induced enriched components in the mantle source of intraplate basalts.

Published
2017
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6. Evolution of Neoproterozoic Wonoka–Shuram Anomaly-aged carbonates: Evidence from clumped isotope paleothermometry

Author

Robert A. Eagle, Aradhna Tripati, Y. Shen, Frank A. Corsetti, Xin Zhang, Magali Bonifacie, Sean J. Loyd, James W. Hagadorn, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Department of Geological Sciences [Fullerton], California State University [Fullerton] (CSU), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), Institute of Environment and Sustainability [Los Angeles] (IOES), California NanoSystems Institute [Los Angeles] (CNSI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Carbonate minerals, Carbon isotopes, Geology, Biogeochemistry, Geologic record, Clumped isotopes, Isotopes of oxygen, Diagenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paleontology, Isotope geochemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth Sciences, Carbonate rock, Carbonate, Neoproterozoic
Abstract

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The Wonoka-Shuram Anomaly represents the largest negative carbon isotope excursion recognized in the geologic record and is associated with the emergence and diversification of metazoan life ca. 580 million years ago (Ma). The origin of the anomaly is highly debated, with interpretations ranging from primary to diagenetic, each having unique and potentially transformative implications for early life. Here, we apply carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to three sections expressing the anomaly in order to constrain mineral formation temperatures and thus directly calculate water oxygen isotope compositions (δ18Ow) with which carbonate minerals equilibrated. With δ18Ow known, it is possible to address previous hypotheses for the origin of the anomaly. In each section, precipitation temperatures correlate positively with reconstructed δ18Ow. Previous hypotheses, based on the covariance of δ18Ocarb vs. δ13Ccarb (uncorrected for temperature effects), suggested a meteoric diagenetic origin for the anomaly. However, reconstructed δ18Ow values do not covary with carbon isotope compositions (δ13Ccarb) within anomaly facies. Rather, the oxygen isotope and temperature data are consistent with carbonate recrystallization and equilibration under increasingly rock-buffered conditions. Based on simple modeling and comparison to modern formation fluids, recrystallization may have occurred in an environment far removed from the initial depositional or early diagenetic regime. In addition, although clumped isotope temperatures vary significantly and reach elevated values consistent with burial diagenesis, it is unclear to what degree, if at all, carbon isotope values were reset during recrystallization. Ultimately, these new data indicate that Wonoka-Shuram-aged carbonates experienced equilibration with fluids under increasingly closed-system conditions. The clumped isotope data do not provide a means to distinguish previous hypotheses outright, but provide additional context for the evaluation of geochemical signatures within these ancient carbonate rocks.

Published
2015
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7. Water Content and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Alkali Basalts from the Taihang Mountains, China: Recycled Oceanic Components in the Mantle Source

Author

Huan Chen, Min Feng, Qun-Ke Xia, Etienne Deloule, Jannick Ingrin, Jia Liu, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Peridotite, Basalt, Olivine, Subduction, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, Isotopes of oxygen, Mantle (geology), Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceanic crust, engineering, Primitive mantle, Geology
Abstract

The genesis of Cenozoic continental basalts in Eastern China is highly debated. Subducted oceanic crust (most probably the Pacific oceanic slab) has been increasingly suggested to be involved in their mantle source. The Taihang Mountains are located at a surface position corresponding to the western edge of a stagnant subducted Pacific slab revealed by geophysical investigations, and thus provide an opportunity to study the spatial extent of the effect of Pacific subduction on the mantle characteristics of Eastern China. In previous studies, alkali basalts from the Taihang Mountains were considered to be the products of interaction between asthenosphere-derived melts and the old, enriched lithospheric mantle; their magnesium isotope signature suggested the contribution of oceanic carbonate. To explore the possible contribution from recycled oceanic crust in the genesis of the Taihang basalts we estimated the water contents of the magmas by a phenocryst-based approach ( ${\rm C}_{water}^{melt}={\rm C}_{water}^{mineral}/{\rm C}_{water}^{mineral/melt}$ ) and measured the oxygen isotope compositions of clinopyroxene phenocrysts by secondary ion mass spectrometry for the same sample suite as used in previous studies. The calculated water contents (H 2 O by weight) of the parental magmas range from 0·20 to 1·07 wt %, and the corresponding H 2 O/Ce ratios correlate well with (Nb/La) n (where n represents primitive mantle normalization), (Ba/Th) n and eNd. The oxygen isotope ratios (δ 18 O SMOW ) range from 5·8 to 7·4‰, and the average value for each sample ranges from 6·6 to 7·0‰. These new data indicate a large contribution from extremely dehydrated recycled oceanic crust together with entrained sediments. The minor element compositions (Ca, Mn and Ni contents) of olivine phenocrysts in the Taihang basalts suggest a pyroxenite source that was probably formed by the interaction between oceanic crust-derived melt and ambient mantle peridotite.

Published
2015
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8. Re–Os and S systematics of spinel peridotite xenoliths from east central China: Evidence for contrasting effects of melt percolation

Author

Catherine Zimmermann, Xiachen Zhi, Laurie Reisberg, Christiane Wagner, Zicheng Peng, Jean-Pierre Lorand, Dollin, Gitane, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Peridotite, Proterozoic, Trace element, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, Lithosphere, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Lithophile, Xenolith, 010503 geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [SDU.STU.MI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Os isotopic compositions and Re and Os concentrations were determined for Cenozoic basalt-borne ultramafic xenoliths from the Subei Basin of east central China. Re–Os analyses were coupled with whole rock major and trace element and S abundance determinations, and with characterization of rock textures, modal phase proportions and sulfide petrography. The two main sampling areas, Lianshan and Panshishan, separated by only 6 km, have similar textures and major and moderately incompatible lithophile trace element compositions. The Os isotopic ratios of these two areas plot on the same trends relating 187Os/188Os to indices of melt extraction such as whole rock Yb content. These Os isotopic systematics suggest that both areas were affected by an early Proterozoic (∼1.8 Ga) melt extraction event. Thus the two areas apparently shared the same long term lithospheric history. Nevertheless, the sulfide abundances and whole rock S, Os and Re concentrations are strikingly lower in Lianshan than in Panshishan, and the two localities have different incompatible lithophile trace element signatures. These differences resulted from contrasting melt percolation styles between the two areas. Lianshan was affected by extensive percolation of sulfur undersaturated melts that removed Re, Os and S, while Panshishan experienced interaction with low degree or highly evolved melts that added Re, Cu and S, but had no affect on Os abundances. The lack of correlation between 187Os/188Os and 187Re/188Os, compared with the good correlation between 187Os/188Os and Yb, indicates that the perturbation of the Re and Os concentrations was fairly recent, and perhaps related to Mesozoic or Cenozoic lithospheric thinning in eastern China. The Lianshan Os concentrations are typical of those of off-cratonic mantle xenoliths, while the Panshishan Os concentrations are closer to those of orogenic peridotites. This suggests that the low Os concentrations, and by extension, the low concentrations of all of the highly siderophile elements (HSE) typically observed in ultramafic mantle xenoliths, may result from recent melt percolation processes, probably directly or indirectly related to the magmatism that brought the xenoliths to the surface. Thus ultramafic xenoliths may not provide reliable estimates of the HSE contents of the upper mantle, and variations in HSE abundances between xenolith localities should not be used to define global scale processes. Os and other HSE abundances may prove to be sensitive indicators of melt percolation, and may provide information about the degree of sulfur saturation of the melts. Despite the loss of Os during recent percolation, the Os isotopic ratios of most samples are nearly unmodified by this process, confirming the utility of this system for dating ancient melt extraction events.

Published
2005
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9. Selenium isotopes trace anoxic and ferruginous seawater conditions in the Early Cambrian

Author

Xuelei Chu, Huajin Chang, Jing Huang, Yuxu Zhang, Christophe Cloquet, Hanjie Wen, Haifeng Fan, Jean Carignan, State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry (SKLODG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], and University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Early Cambrian geochemical fluctuations, Geochemistry, Anoxic and ferruginous sediments, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic waters, Isotopes of selenium, Paleontology, Isotope fractionation, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Southern China, Cambrian, Seawater, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Isotopic fractionation, Se isotope, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Selenium (Se) isotopes can yield substantial isotopic fractionation (up to 20‰) confirmed by experiments and field investigations, depending on various biotic or abiotic redox transformations. Therefore, it is expected that redox changes in the ancient oceans would induce significant isotopic fractionation, and the Se isotopic signatures recorded in old sedimentary rocks might provide new insight into how the redox state of the ancient ocean has evolved. However, previous studies have shown that Se is slightly enriched in the lighter isotope relative to the bulk earth values in most deposited conditions (oxic, anoxic, and even sulfidic). Here, our results reveal that ferruginous conditions can result in excessive accumulation of Se in sediments with an elevated Se/S ratio and significant isotope fractionation (about 6‰), which leads us to propose that Se isotopes are an appropriate geochemical proxy to trace unique oceanic conditions over times. Accordingly, Se isotopic variations measured in three Early Cambrian formations in southern China suggest that anoxic waters with ferruginous conditions must have been present in early Cambrian ocean along the eastern margin of the Yangtze platform, and oceanic circulation was stepwise reorganized. This may have triggered biological diversification from the Ediacaran to the Early Cambrian.

Published
2014
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10. In situ observation of crystal growth in a basalt melt and the development of crystal size distribution in igneous rocks

Author

Zhenjiang Li, Yang Chen, Huaiwei Ni, Hans Keppler, Federica Schiavi, Nicolas P. Walte, Matteo Masotta, Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, Crystal growth, Liquidus, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crystal, law, Geochemistry and Petrology, Plagioclase, Crystallization, Basalt melt, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, Olivine, Crystal size distribution, Geophysics, Igneous rocks, engineering, Geology
Abstract

International audience; To understand the solidification processes of natural magma and the texture evolution of igneous rocks, we have carried out in situ observation of the crystallization of a high-K basaltic melt cooling from ~1,240 °C in a moissanite cell. In a series of experiments with different thermal history, olivine or clinopyroxene (cpx) appeared as the liquidus phase before the formation of plagioclase. During cooling at 100 °C/h, the morphology of olivine and cpx transited from tabular to hopper habit. To first order approximation, crystal grow rate (2 × 10−9 to 7 × 10−9 m/s for olivine and 6 × 10−9 to 17 × 10−9 m/s for cpx), probably limited by chemical diffusion, is proportional to crystal size. In one experiment dominated by olivine crystallization, the good image quality allows the analysis of texture evolution over an extended period. Nucleation of olivine occurred only in a narrow temperature and time interval below the liquidus. Two-dimensional length- and area-based crystal size distributions (CSDs) show counterclockwise rotation around axes of 8 μm and 100 μm2, which is consistent with the proportionate crystal growth. Both CSDs and direct observation show the dissolution of small crystals and Ostwald ripening. These data suggest that conventional analyses of crystal size distributions of igneous rocks may be in error—the slope of the CSD cannot be interpreted in terms of a uniform growth rate, and the intercept with the vertical axis does not correspond to a nucleation density.

Published
2014
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11. Re–Os systematics of the Raobazhai peridotite massifs from the Dabie orogenic zone, eastern China

Author

Xiachen Zhi, Lei Zheng, Laurie Reisberg, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Peridotite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Partial melting, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geology, Massif, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Craton, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Xenolith, Amphibole, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Raobazhai ultramafic massif of the ultrahigh pressure Sulu–Dabie orogenic belt, central China, is thought to be a segment of subcontinental lithospheric mantle that was subducted and exhumed during the Triassic collision of the North China and Yangtze cratons. We performed a Re–Os isotopic study of peridotites from the massif, associated with major and trace element analysis and textural examination. Os (1.02 to 6.28 ppb) and Re (0.004 to 0.376 ppb) concentrations are typical of orogenic lherzolite values, and 187Os/188Os ratios (0.1157 to 0.1283) are all similar to or lower than the proposed primitive upper mantle value. 187Os/188Os is roughly correlated with 187Re/188Os, and strongly correlated with Al2O3. These correlations can be explained by radiogenic ingrowth of 187Os since an ancient partial melting event. TMA model ages (1.7 to 2.0 Ga) of refractory peridotites from the lower massif are consistent with the model age (1.8 Ga) obtained from the 187Os/188Os vs. Al2O3 correlation at ~1% Al2O3. This age cannot distinguish the cratonic provenance of the Raobazhai massif, since similar Re–Os model ages have been obtained from both the North China and the Yangtze cratons. The poor quality of the 187Os/188Os vs. 187Re/188Os correlation indicates that the Re/Os ratios were disturbed, perhaps during Triassic subduction. The mainly lherzolitic samples of the upper massif, which were most strongly affected by this process, have porphyroclastic textures with fine-grained olivine, pyroxene and amphibole neoblasts, suggesting Re mobility during recrystallization in the presence of fluids. Previous studies of ultramafic xenoliths from arc volcanics demonstrate that slab-derived melts or fluids can both scavenge mantle Os and add substantial amounts of radiogenic Os to the suprasubduction mantle. In Raobazhai, both trace element patterns and the abundance of hydrous phases provide evidence for extensive interaction with fluids during subduction and/or exhumation. Nevertheless, the strong correlation between 187Os/188Os and Al2O3, and the high Os concentrations of these rocks indicate that Os isotopic ratios, and probably even Os concentrations, were essentially unaffected by this process. Assuming that the arguments favoring a suprasubduction setting for the Raobazhai massif are valid, these data provide evidence that Os systematics are sometimes surprisingly robust, even above subduction zones.

Published
2009
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12. Multiple events in the Neo-Tethyan oceanic upper mantle: Evidence from Ru-Os-Ir alloys in the Luobusa and Dongqiao ophiolitic podiform chromitites, Tibet

Author

William L. Griffin, Norman J. Pearson, Xiachen Zhi, Xiaoming Chen, Rendeng Shi, Ming Zhang, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly, Olivier Alard, CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC National Key Centre for Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents (GEMOC), Macquarie University, and Nanjing University (NJU)

Subjects
Osmiridium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, Tibet, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Ultramafic rock, 187Os/188Os mantle composition, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Dongqiao ophiolite, podiform chromitite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geophysics, chemistry, Luobusa ophiolite, Space and Planetary Science, Homogeneous, In situ analysis, Enstatite, engineering, Ru–Os–Ir alloys, Geology
Abstract

In situ analysis of major elements, platinum-group elements and Os isotope composition data for 170 grains of Ru–Os–Ir alloys from podiform chromitites in the Luobusa and Dongqiao ophiolites, Tibet, provide new constraints on the sources of the alloy grains, the Os-isotope composition of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic upper mantle, and the timing of melt–rock reactions in the ultramafic peridotites of the host ophiolites. Most alloy grains are osmiridium and iridosmine. Based on elemental and isotopic compositions, two populations can be identified. Group I, found in both ophiolite bodies, has fractionated PGE patterns typical of alloys and homogeneous 187 Os/ 188 Os 0.12645±4 (2s; n=145). Group II alloys from the Dongqiao ophiolites show smooth PGE patterns and 187 Os/ 188 Os ranges from 0.12003 to 0.12194 (yielding Re-depletion ages ≥1.1 Ga). Both the PGE patterns and the Os isotopic compositions of Group II resemble those of sulfides residual after melting. Group I alloys represent an early cumulate phase during the crystallization of magmas and are interpreted as derived from an asthenospheric melt. In contrast, Group II alloys are inferred to derive from the breakdown of residual sulfides from the mantle section of the ophiolite, which may represent relics of a sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The coexistence of the two groups of alloys in Dongqiao samples reflects interaction between asthenosphere-derived melts and old depleted lithospheric mantle and suggests that the chromitites originated through melt–rock reactions. The data on the Group I alloys support the hypothesis that the Re–Os evolution of the convective oceanic mantle resembles that of enstatite chondrites. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007
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13. Longevity and multistage evolution of subcontinental lithosphere mantle beneath eastern China: evidence from Re-Os isotope geochemistry of mantle peridotite xenoliths from Jiansu and Anhui Provinces, China

Author

Zhi, X. C., Reisberg, L., Wagner, Christiane, Peng, Z.C., Xu, X.S., CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dollin, Gitane

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.MI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

14. The mantle lithosphee beneath eastern China: trace element and Os isotopic results from spinel peridotite xenoliths from Jianfsu province

Author

Reisberg, L., Zhi, X. C., Peng, Z.C., Wagner, Christiane, Sun, W.D., Dollin, Gitane, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [SDU.STU.MI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience

Published
2001

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