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The numerous advantages of disposable and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) particularly in terms of portability, sensibility, sensitivity and low-cost led to the massive application of these electroanalytical devices. To limit the electronic waste and recover precious materials, new recycling processes were developed together with alternative SPEs fabrication procedures based on renewable, biocompatible sources or waste materials, such as paper, agricultural byproducts or spent batteries. The increased interest in the use of eco-friendly materials for electronics has given rise to a new generation of highly performing green modifiers. From paper based electrodes to disposable electrodes obtained from CD/DVD, in the last decades considerable efforts were devoted to reuse and recycle in the field of electrochemistry. Here an overview of recycled and recyclable disposable electrodes, sustainable electrode modifiers and alternative fabrication processes is proposed aiming to provide meaningful examples to redesign the world of disposable electrodes.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:49:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-46702009000200007.pdf: 610511 bytes, checksum: 71127daeec9407ae6dae6278399d64de (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-46702009000200007.pdf: 610511 bytes, checksum: 71127daeec9407ae6dae6278399d64de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-46702009000200007.pdf: 610511 bytes, checksum: 71127daeec9407ae6dae6278399d64de (MD5) S0100-46702009000200007.pdf.txt: 24249 bytes, checksum: f3d30d11146cbfb0b03f5ddc9f1d406c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:10:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-46702009000200007.pdf: 610511 bytes, checksum: 71127daeec9407ae6dae6278399d64de (MD5) S0100-46702009000200007.pdf.txt: 24249 bytes, checksum: f3d30d11146cbfb0b03f5ddc9f1d406c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-46702009000200007.pdf: 610511 bytes, checksum: 71127daeec9407ae6dae6278399d64de (MD5) S0100-46702009000200007.pdf.txt: 24249 bytes, checksum: f3d30d11146cbfb0b03f5ddc9f1d406c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Os eletrodos de ouro são largamente utilizados em estudos eletroquímicos e eletroanalíticos, devido à sua elevada pureza, ampla faixa de potencial de trabalho, bem como a possibilidade de controle e modificação da superfície eletródica. Neste trabalho são descritos procedimentos para construção e limpeza de eletrodos a partir de CDs de ouro graváveis, denominados CDtrodos. Inicialmente, os CDs foram submetidos à ação de HNO3 concentrado para retirada da camada polimérica protetora e exposição da camada metálica, posteriormente, para a construção dos CDtrodos, delimitou-se a área eletródica com fita de galvanoplastia. Diversos métodos para a limpeza da superfície do ouro foram empregados, após ataque do HNO3, tais como, aplicação de potencial fixo em solução de NaCl, ciclagens sucessivas em H2SO4 e aplicação de ultra-som, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos por tratamento com H2SO4. A literatura tem registrado vários trabalhos empregando CDtrodo no entanto são focados na aplicação e pouco se descreve sobre a limpeza do eletrodo; nenhum trabalho foi registrado empregando a fita de galvanoplastia para delimitar a área do eletrodo. A utilização desse tipo alternativo de eletrodo é de suma importância, uma vez que o mesmo apresenta desempenho eletroquímico comparável aos eletrodos comerciais, além de grande versatilidade e baixo custo. Gold electrodes are widely used in electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry, due to the high purity, broad range of work potential as well as the possibility to control and modify the surface. on this work construction and cleaning of electrodes from gold recordables compact discs (CD-Rs), namely CDtrodes, are described. The CDs was submitted to the action of concentrated HNO3 in order to remove the protection layer and to expose the metallic layer; the electrode area was delimited by using galvanoplasty tape. The literature has been published many articles on CDtrode focused on the application but not on the cleaning; there is no register on galvanoplasty tape to define electrode area. Several methods for gold surface cleaning after attack of HNO3 were investigated, such as application of fixed potential in NaCl solution, successive scans in H2SO4 and ultrasound application, and best results were obtained in H2SO4 solution. This electrode material is interesting due to the performance comparable to the commercial electrodes, besides great versatility and low cost. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química

Os eletrodos de ouro são largamente utilizados em estudos eletroquímicos e eletroanalíticos, devido à sua elevada pureza, ampla faixa de potencial de trabalho, bem como a possibilidade de controle e modificação da superfície eletródica. Neste trabalho são descritos procedimentos para construção e limpeza de eletrodos a partir de CDs de ouro graváveis, denominados CDtrodos. Inicialmente, os CDs foram submetidos à ação de HNO3 concentrado para retirada da camada polimérica protetora e exposição da camada metálica, posteriormente, para a construção dos CDtrodos, delimitou-se a área eletródica com fita de galvanoplastia. Diversos métodos para a limpeza da superfície do ouro foram empregados, após ataque do HNO3, tais como, aplicação de potencial fixo em solução de NaCl, ciclagens sucessivas em H2SO4 e aplicação de ultra-som, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos por tratamento com H2SO4. A literatura tem registrado vários trabalhos empregando CDtrodo no entanto são focados na aplicação e pouco se descreve sobre a limpeza do eletrodo; nenhum trabalho foi registrado empregando a fita de galvanoplastia para delimitar a área do eletrodo. A utilização desse tipo alternativo de eletrodo é de suma importância, uma vez que o mesmo apresenta desempenho eletroquímico comparável aos eletrodos comerciais, além de grande versatilidade e baixo custo.Gold electrodes are widely used in electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry, due to the high purity, broad range of work potential as well as the possibility to control and modify the surface. On this work construction and cleaning of electrodes from gold recordables compact discs (CD-Rs), namely CDtrodes, are described. The CDs was submitted to the action of concentrated HNO3 in order to remove the protection layer and to expose the metallic layer; the electrode area was delimited by using galvanoplasty tape. The literature has been published many articles on CDtrode focused on the application but not on the cleaning; there is no register on galvanoplasty tape to define electrode area. Several methods for gold surface cleaning after attack of HNO3 were investigated, such as application of fixed potential in NaCl solution, successive scans in H2SO4 and ultrasound application, and best results were obtained in H2SO4 solution. This electrode material is interesting due to the performance comparable to the commercial electrodes, besides great versatility and low cost.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:03:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-50532016000400650.pdf: 877012 bytes, checksum: 20f7776f28729a366efe1e55f67ff99f (MD5) The construction of gold electrodes using 3 kinds of gold recordable compact discs (CDtrodes) and characterization by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques are herein reported. Following a surface pretreatment in 0.5 mol L-1 sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the electrochemical experiments were performed in the presence of redox couple ferro/ferricyanide [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. The immobilization of an oligopeptide bio-inspired by acetylcholinesterase onto the CDtrode was also evaluated. Surface characterization was done by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. CDtrodes are known to be of low cost, fast and simple construction. They are suitable for immobilizing biological molecules and could be used as disposable transducer for the construction of biosensors. Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Department of Biochemistry Masaryk University Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP)