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This article provides an overview of the global mushroom market and its potential for growth. It highlights China as a major player in the market, with their low-priced mushrooms posing challenges for Brazilian producers. The article suggests that Brazil could increase its competitiveness by integrating the mushroom industry with other agri-food industries, particularly through the use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in a circular economy model. It also discusses the increasing cultivation of Shiitake, Shimeji, and Black ear mushrooms, and the opportunities for Brazil in the "In natura" segment. The article emphasizes the importance of reducing production costs and minimizing environmental impacts in order to succeed in the mushroom market. [Extracted from the article]

Introdução: Agentes sulfitantes apresentam muitas funções tecnológicas: atuam como conservadores, antioxidantes, agentes de tratamento de farinhas, branqueadores e controlam o escurecimento enzimático e não enzimático. Nos cogumelos, o sulfito age inibindo a ação enzimática da polifenoloxidase, retardando o escurecimento oxidativo. A presença de sulfitos em alimentos tem sido relacionada a reações adversas em indivíduos sensíveis. O valor estabelecido para ingestão diária aceitável (IDA) é de 0 – 0,7 mg/kg de peso corpóreo, expresso como dióxido de enxofre (SO2). A RDC nº 8, de 6 de março de 2013 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde estabeleceu para cogumelos em conserva o limite máximo de 0,005 g/100 g (50 mg/kg) como SO2 residual na função antioxidante. Objetivo: Determinar o teor de SO2 residual em cogumelos em conserva e avaliar a declaração do aditivo no rótulo. Método: No período de 2016 a 2022 foram encaminhados pelas Vigilâncias Sanitárias 57 amostras de 28 diferentes marcas de cogumelos em conserva. A determinação de SO2 total seguiu o método de destilação de Monier-Williams otimizado. Resultados: Das amostras avaliadas, 33 (58%) apresentaram teor de SO2 insatisfatório, acima do limite máximo estabelecido no regulamento técnico específico. Foram encontrados elevados teores atingindo 2.591 mg/kg (0,2591 g/100 g). Seis marcas insatisfatórias pelos teores de SO2 também estavam em desacordo por não declararem a adição do aditivo na lista de ingredientes do rótulo, podendo representar sério risco para os indivíduos sensíveis aos sulfitos. Conclusões: A elevada porcentagem de amostras em desacordo com o limite máximo do aditivo estabelecido na legislação e a não declaração na lista de ingredientes do rótulo indicam a necessidade de um maior controle dos produtores e distribuidores no uso de sais de sulfito e continuidade do monitoramento do teor de SO2 em cogumelos em conserva.

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach) is one of the widely consumed edible mushrooms. Indeed, A. bisporus fruiting bodies are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In addition, several enzymes with biotechnological applications are found in A. bisporus (e.g., enzymes for lignocellulose degradation). Here, a novel ribotoxin-like protein (RL-P) from the edible mushroom A. bisporus was purified and characterized. This RL-P, named bisporitin, is a monomeric protein (17-kDa) exhibiting specific ribonucleolytic activity by releasing the α-fragment (hallmark of RL-Ps) when incubated with rabbit ribosomes. In addition, bisporitin shows magnesium-dependent endonuclease activity and displays a similar far-UV CD spectrum as ageritin, the prototype of RL-Ps, isolated from Cyclocybe aegerita fruiting bodies. Interestingly, bisporitin is the first member of RL-Ps to have noticeably lower thermal stability (Tm = 48.59 ± 0.98 °C) compared to RL-Ps isolated in other mushrooms (Tm > 70 °C). Finally, this protein is only partially hydrolyzed in an in vitro digestive system and does not produce adverse growing effects on eukaryotic cell lines. This evidence paves the way for future investigations on possible bioactivities of this RL-P in the digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current work was to develop a recipe of meat-and-vegetablechopped semi-products of the new generation based on turkey meat and champignon mushrooms and to investigate its quality. The samples of turkey meat withthe addition of champignon mushroom mass were prepared and studied. Physicalchemical methods including determination of the mass fraction of moisture, water-retaining ability, weight losses during heat treatment, determination of maximum shear stress and the content of sodium chloride. The organoleptic analysiswas based on identification of taste, odor, consistence and view on the cut andwere used in order to characterize the quality of new semi-products from turkeymeat and champignon mushrooms. Studies have shown that the addition of mushroom mass to model minced meat from turkeys lead to an increase in the massfraction of moisture in the samples, as the moisture content of the mushroom isgreater than in turkey meat. The water-retaining ability in the model samples isreduced, which is associated with an increase in moisture in the specimens withadding of mushroom mass. The consistency of the specimens was determined bya penetrometer using a conic cone. It was determined that the consistency of themodel samples with the addition of mushroom mass become softer. The pH of thesample forcemeat significantly did not change. Analysis of the data that has beenobtained showed that the addition of mushroom mass leads to the destruction ofmeat parsley systems and reduce their functional and technological properties.Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the most rational way isto replace up to 3 % of the turkey meat with the mass of champignon mushroomwithout the practical reduction of the organoleptic parameters in the formulationof the cut semi-finished products.

Due to their enzymatic and bioaccumulation faculties the use of macromycetes for the decontamination of polluted matrices seems reasonable for bioremediation. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the mycoremediation ability of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on compost mixed with flotation tailings in different quantities (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% addition). The biomass of the fruit bodies and the content of 51 major and trace elements were determined. Cultivation of A. bisporus in compost moderately polluted with flotation tailings yielded significantly lower (the first flush) and higher (the second flush) biomass of fruit bodies, compared with the control treatment. The presence of toxic trace elements did not cause any visible adverse symptoms for A. bisporus. Increasing the addition of flotation tailings to the compost induced an elevated level of most determined elements. A significant increase in rare earth elements (both flushes) and platinum group elements (first flush only) was observed. The opposite situation was recorded for major essential elements, except for Na and Mg in A. bisporus from the second flush under the most enriched compost (20%). Nevertheless, calculated bioaccumulation factor values showed a selective accumulation capacity—limited for toxic elements (except for Ag, As, and Cd) and the effective accumulation of B, Cu, K, and Se. The obtained results confirmed that A. bisporus can be used for practical application in mycoremediation in the industry although this must be preceded by larger-scale tests. This application seems to be the most favorable for media contaminated with selected elements, whose absorption by fruiting bodies is the most efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic moulds (e.g., Trichoderma, Hypomyces, and Lecanicillium) cause huge problems in industrial scale production of Agaricus bisporus. It is important to choose the right control strategy, either chemical or biocontrol-based, to prevent substantial economic losses. The present study was carried out to reveal the in vitro efficacy of some fungicides and disinfectants against causative agents of wet bubble (Hypomyces perniciosus), dry bubble (Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola), cobweb disease (Hypomyces odoratus), and green mould (e.g., Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum, T. aggressivum f. europaeum, T. harzianum), the four most devastating fungal infections in mushroom production. Prochloraz was efficient against Trichoderma and H. perniciosus isolates. Metrafenone did not cause complete inhibition for any of the isolates even at the highest concentration (5%) tested. In both cases Lecanicillium isolates displayed the lowest growth rate inhibition. Concerning the tested disinfectants, treatment with Sekusept Aktiv resulted in complete growth inhibition for all isolates in the concentration range of 1.25-5%. Terralin Protect, Disinflex and Formalin were also effective, except against the tested isolates of T. agressivum f. agressivum which proved to be the most resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les chiens et les chats ont une place à part entière au sein du foyer famillial. Les risques de transmission de zoonoses sont trop souvent méconnus ou négligés. Les infections peuvent être d'origine parasitaire, bactérienne, virale et fongique. Le pharmacien doit dispenser des conseils de prévention aux propriétaires des animaux de compagnie, mais aussi les informer et les orienter en cas de contamination. Dogs and cats have their own place in the family home. The risks of transmission of zoonoses are too often ignored or neglected. Infections can be of parasitic, bacterial, viral and fungal origin. The pharmacist must provide preventive advice to pet owners, but also inform and guide them in case of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestication is the process of organism evolution under selection by humans, and as such has been a model for studying adaptation since Charles Darwin. Here we review recent studies on the genomics of adaptation and domestication syndrome in two cheese-making fungal lineages, Penicillium roqueforti used for maturing blue cheeses, and the Penicillium camemberti species complex used for making soft cheeses such as Camembert and Brie. Comparative genomics have revealed horizontal gene transfers involved in convergent adaptation to cheese. Population genomics have identified differentiated populations with contrasted traits, several populations having independently been domesticated for cheese making in both P. roqueforti and the Penicillium camemberti species complex, and having undergone bottlenecks. The different cheese populations have acquired traits beneficial for cheese making in comparison to non-cheese populations, regarding color, spore production, growth rates on cheese, salt tolerance, lipolysis, proteolysis, volatile compound or toxin production and/or competitive ability. The cheese populations also show degeneration for some unused functions such as decreased ability of sexual reproduction or of growth under harsh conditions. These recent findings have fundamental importance for our understanding of adaptation and have applied interest for strain improvement.

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach) is one of the widely consumed edible mushrooms. Indeed, A. bisporus fruiting bodies are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In addition, several enzymes with biotechnological applications are found in A. bisporus (e.g., enzymes for lignocellulose degradation). Here, a novel ribotoxin-like protein (RL-P) from the edible mushroom A. bisporus was purified and characterized. This RL-P, named bisporitin, is a monomeric protein (17-kDa) exhibiting specific ribonucleolytic activity by releasing the α-fragment (hallmark of RL-Ps) when incubated with rabbit ribosomes. In addition, bisporitin shows magnesium-dependent endonuclease activity and displays a similar far-UV CD spectrum as ageritin, the prototype of RL-Ps, isolated from Cyclocybe aegerita fruiting bodies. Interestingly, bisporitin is the first member of RL-Ps to have noticeably lower thermal stability (Tm = 48.59 ± 0.98 °C) compared to RL-Ps isolated in other mushrooms (Tm > 70 °C). Finally, this protein is only partially hydrolyzed in an in vitro digestive system and does not produce adverse growing effects on eukaryotic cell lines. This evidence paves the way for future investigations on possible bioactivities of this RL-P in the digestive system.

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les syndromes mycotoxiques de latence courte apparaissent dans les six heures qui suivent l'ingestion de champignons. Ils entraînent principalement des signes digestifs rapidement résolutifs et sont généralement banalisés. Une étude réalisée grâce aux données du centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance d'Angers permet de mettre en exergue leur gravité potentielle. Il est important de sensibiliser les professionnels de santé à leur prévention et à une prise en charge adéquate des patients. Short-latency mycotoxic syndromes appear within six hours after ingestion of mushrooms. They mainly lead to digestive signs that resolve quickly and are generally trivialized. A study carried out with data from the Angers Poison and Toxicovigilance Center highlights their potential seriousness. It is important to raise awareness among health professionals about their prevention and proper management of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their enzymatic and bioaccumulation faculties the use of macromycetes for the decontamination of polluted matrices seems reasonable for bioremediation. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the mycoremediation ability of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on compost mixed with flotation tailings in different quantities (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% addition). The biomass of the fruit bodies and the content of 51 major and trace elements were determined. Cultivation of A. bisporus in compost moderately polluted with flotation tailings yielded significantly lower (the first flush) and higher (the second flush) biomass of fruit bodies, compared with the control treatment. The presence of toxic trace elements did not cause any visible adverse symptoms for A. bisporus. Increasing the addition of flotation tailings to the compost induced an elevated level of most determined elements. A significant increase in rare earth elements (both flushes) and platinum group elements (first flush only) was observed. The opposite situation was recorded for major essential elements, except for Na and Mg in A. bisporus from the second flush under the most enriched compost (20%). Nevertheless, calculated bioaccumulation factor values showed a selective accumulation capacity—limited for toxic elements (except for Ag, As, and Cd) and the effective accumulation of B, Cu, K, and Se. The obtained results confirmed that A. bisporus can be used for practical application in mycoremediation in the industry although this must be preceded by larger-scale tests. This application seems to be the most favorable for media contaminated with selected elements, whose absorption by fruiting bodies is the most efficient.

Copyright of Archives of Razi Institute is the property of Institut Razi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry is paying attention to innovation for a more sustainable production and it is getting sophisticated to reach high grade of energetic efficiency coupled with high quality product. For mushroom cultivation the environmental conditions must be controlled therefore in some phases the heat needs to be provided and in other ones it needs to be removed. The objective of this study was to investigate the current growing methodology used at an industrial mushroom farm site for a quantification of energy consumption. Mushroom growing parameters such as temperature and relative humidity were monitored during the production process placing sensors for a continuous data recording of these parameters in different and crucial positions throughout the entire production cycle. Heat is massively produced by the compost/mycelium system and the goal was to quantify the amount of energy needed to remove it through a cooling system and a forced air system that pulls cold air in the cultivation room and picks up the warmer and more humid air. Often, the heat produced by the cultivation room is not enough to reach the optimal growth conditions. In this case the application of an air heating system is necessary. The study was focused on evaluating the energy exchanges during a 41-day period corresponding to a growth cycle of three flushes to quantify the energy requirements of the conditioning system. A total energy of 5483 kWh/cycle was quantified for a mushroom production of 25,000 kg, corresponding to a specific energy requirement of 0.22 kWh/kg, 0.18 for cooling and 0.04 for heating. Results showed that the electric power consumption represents a crucial cost for the mushroom production, therefore an optimization of the energy requirements of the production plant is desirable and it can lead to relevant economic savings. A scenario considering a more efficient air conditioning system was proposed for a more sustainable mushroom production.

ABSTRACT The production of Agaricus bisporus results in significant residual material after cultivation. Due to its physical properties and nutrient content Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) has great potential for use in agriculture. Our study evaluated the feasibility of using SMS as an alternative substrate for the production of Paronset® hybrid tomato seedlings and as an organic fertilizer in its production. To conduct the fruit production experiment, the plots consisted of three types of fertilizers (SMS of A. bisporus, NPK and bovine manure) with four replications. The seedlings produced in the SMS presented higher rates of germination time and speeds, and stood out from the other substrates in the evaluation of seedling quality. In the tomato fruit production phase, the average production of the plants originating from the SMS was 20% higher than the seedlings from the commercial substrate. The plants cultivated with the SMS presented higher production than the plants cultivated with bovine manure incorporated the soil. According to our results, The SMS was as good as the commercial substrates tested. Therefore, the SMS can be recommended for the growth and nutrition of seedling production and denotes potential viability for use in the tomato production cycle in its different phases.

The article presents an analysis of the state of mushroom growing in the world as one of the leading directions of the intensive agricultural sector of the economy, analyzes and identifies areas for the future development of mushroom growing in the Russian Federation in the light of the implementation of the State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020. The goals, directions and expected potential of development of branch construction of new mushrooming complexes in the Russian Federation, necessity of expansion of volumes and assortment of produced valuable food crops are proved, target parameters of the software of the branch are outlined. The principles of organization of mushrooming and promising technological solutions for improving the economic efficiency of production are recommended. Measures of state support for mushroom farming are described. The advantages of intensive industrial cultivation of edible fungi in conditions of protected soil are substantiated. Key words: industrial mushroom cultivation, cultivation facilities, full production cycle, organizational and technological production system, mushroom, oyster mushroom, shiitake.

Mushroom cultivation generates a large volume of SMS (spent mushroom substrate), which needs to be properly discarded to avoid contamination of new production cycles. However, SMS is a rich substrate, and can be used to produce vegetable seedlings. The present study evaluated the feasibility of using SMS of Agaricus bisporus as substrate for production of sweet pepper seedlings. The culture substrate was composed of sugar cane bagasse, horse manure, rice straw, soybean meal, chicken bed, urea, potassium chloride, simple superphosphate and gypsum. After cultivation, the SMS was homogenized, wet and composted. The substrate thus processed is the SMS of A. bisporus. The substrate Carolina II® was used as control. The following treatments were evaluated: T1- 100% Carolina II; T2 - 25% SMS + 75% Carolina II; T3-50% SMS + 50% Carolina II; T4- 75% SMS + 25% Carolina II and T5- 100% SMS). Seedling and germination characteristics were evaluated. The best germination parameters were observed with the treatment containing 50% of SMS, compared to the commercial substrate. However, for the quality parameters of the seedlings, the best results were obtained with 100% SMS treatment. Therefore, the use of different SMS percentages for the production of pepper seedlings is an alternative to reduce the production cost. The treatment with 100% SMS presented the best DQI values, as it produced vigorous and better quality pepper seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This was placebo-controlled double-blind parallel-group comparative clinical trial targeting 80 men and women aged 50–79 years with halitosis and body and fecal odor. We investigated whether daily champignon extract ingestion for 4 weeks improved these conditions. Subjects were divided into four groups: a placebo group and 50, 500, and 1000 mg/day ingestion groups. No severe adverse events or side effects were noted during the study period. Compared with the placebo group, all champignon extract ingestion groups showed improvement or tendency toward improvement in halitosis and body and fecal odor. Furthermore, our results suggested that the effectiveness of champignon extract in alleviating odors is dose-dependent, i.e., it increases with the dosage.

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Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the putrefaction products in the feces of subjects from a previous study (age range 50-79 years) which assessed the improvement of breath, body, and fecal odor after ingesting champignon extract. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group comparative trial. Subjects were divided into four groups, including the placebo (n=20), champignon extract at 50 mg/day (n=20), champignon extract at 500 mg/day (n=20), and champignon extract at 1000 mg/day (n=20) for 4 weeks. Results: The results revealed significant reduction in ammonia and p-cresol levels (both of which are intestinal putrefaction products) among subjects who ingested 50, 500, and 1000 mg of champignon extract per day compared with subjects in the placebo group. Additionally, a significant difference was observed in indole levels in the group that consumed 500 mg/day of the extract compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: The re-analysis of bowel movement in each test group revealed that the extract improved the number of days with bowel movement, number of bowel movements, and stool volume, which suggests the intestinal environment was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O cogumelo Agaricus bisporus é um cogumelo de clima temperado que requer baixa temperatura para a indução da frutificação. Essa exigência limita o seu cultivo no Brasil nos meses mais frios do ano ou exige a utilização de ambiente controlado, onerando muito a produção. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade de diferentes linhagens em função da temperatura de cultivo após a indução da frutificação. Diferentes linhagens de A. bisporus foram avaliadas quanto ao efeito da temperatura sobre a colonização do composto e a produtividade do cogumelo. As temperaturas de 21 e 25°C foram utilizadas durante a colonização do composto e, após a indução da frutificação, durante o ciclo de cultivo. Para todas as linhagens testadas, a temperatura de 25°C proporcionou maior velocidade de colonização do composto, favorecendo ciclos de cultivo mais curtos. Além disso, após a indução da frutificação a 18°C, a manutenção do ambiente de cultivo a 25°C proporcionou maior produtividade, quando comparada ao cultivo a 21°C. Para a linhagem mais produtiva, os três primeiros fluxos foram responsáveis por mais de 50% da produção total. Portanto, para um cultivo comercial em que é necessário manter volumes constantes de produção, os ciclos de cultivo poderiam ser limitados a três fluxos de produção.

O cogumelo Agaricus bisporus é um cogumelo de clima temperado que requer baixa temperatura para a indução da frutificação. Essa exigência limita o seu cultivo no Brasil nos meses mais frios do ano ou exige a utilização de ambiente controlado, onerando muito a produção. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade de diferentes linhagens em função da temperatura de cultivo após a indução da frutificação. Diferentes linhagens de A. bisporus foram avaliadas quanto ao efeito da temperatura sobre a colonização do composto e a produtividade do cogumelo. As temperaturas de 21 e 25°C foram utilizadas durante a colonização do composto e, após a indução da frutificação, durante o ciclo de cultivo. Para todas as linhagens testadas, a temperatura de 25°C proporcionou maior velocidade de colonização do composto, favorecendo ciclos de cultivo mais curtos. Além disso, após a indução da frutificação a 18°C, a manutenção do ambiente de cultivo a 25°C proporcionou maior produtividade, quando comparada ao cultivo a 21°C. Para a linhagem mais produtiva, os três primeiros fluxos foram responsáveis por mais de 50% da produção total. Portanto, para um cultivo comercial em que é necessário manter volumes constantes de produção, os ciclos de cultivo poderiam ser limitados a três fluxos de produção.

Research on mushroom and mushroom products is dynamic with global increasing interest. The natural habitat of mushrooms being the wild, it is imperative to cultivate mushroom domestically in order to make it available to the populace. The aim of this research was to assess the perception of consumers to consumption of wild and cultivated mushrooms in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; and validate nutrition quality of wild and cultivated mushroom. A survey was conducted using structured mixed questionnaires, to gather perception of 90 respondents on consumption of wild and cultivated mushroom. Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer, sourced from the wild was cultivated using standard methods for mushroom cultivation and both mushrooms were analysed for proximate chemical and mineral components. Result revealed that 47.8% of the respondents got introduced to mushroom consumption through family settings; 53.3% of respondents were conversant with wild mushrooms, 27.8% with cultivated and 16.7% with both. A total of 71.1% was informed about mushroom poisoning; while 28.9% had no knowledge about it at all. About 45.6% sourced mushroom from the wild and 33.3% from mushroom farms. Only 28.9% consumed mushrooms for over 10 years; whereas, 13.3% had never tasted mushrooms. Year-round consumption was only by 12.2%; while 57.8% consumed mushroom once in a while. However, if cultivated mushrooms could be made available, 58.9% indicated interest in mushroom consumption. If nutrition facts of wild and cultivated mushrooms are the same, 38.9% were willing to consume cultivated mushrooms, 30.0% wild, 20.0% both and 11.1% insisted on no consumption. On the other hand, if nutrition analysis reveals different nutrition parameters for both types of mushrooms, 43.3% opted for cultivated mushroom, 42.2%, wild; 12.2% both; while 2.2% would eat neither of the mushrooms. Generally, from the results, both mushrooms possess adequate nutritive values; though, of all the parameter analysed, only zinc was significantly different (P<0.05). For some of the parameters (potassium, zinc, phosphorus, calcium, total ash, crude fat, crude protein) the wild mushroom had higher values than the cultivated; whereas for other parameters (iron, manganese, magnesium, carbohydrates, crude fiber), the cultivated values were higher. Both mushrooms were relatively low in fat, ash and moisture; and high in carbohydrate, crude fiber and crude protein. Both mushrooms were high in minerals. There is no significant difference between the nutrition facts of the wild and cultivated test mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial in vitro das linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/04, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05 e ABI-01/01 de Agaricus bisporus em meios de cultura sólidos à base de composto. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de medições de quatro diâmetros das colônias, a cada 48h, durante 12 dias de incubação, no escuro, a 20 e 25ºC. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com uso do teste de Tukey para a comparação das médias. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que: o crescimento micelial de A. bisporus é influenciado pela temperatura de incubação; a temperatura de 25°C foi mais favorável para o crescimento micelial de todas as linhagens de A. bisporus; na temperatura de 20°C, o melhor crescimento foi obtido com as linhagens ABI-06/05 e ABI-01/01; na temperatura de 25°C, a linhagem ABI-01/01 apresentou crescimento significativamente maior que todas as demais.The in vitro mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/04, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05 and ABI-01/01 was evaluated in solidculture media made up of compost. Evaluations were performed by means of measurements of four diameters of the colonies, every 48 hours, during 12 days of incubation in darkness under 20 and 25ºC. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, using the Tukey test to compare averages. Based on the obtained results, it was verified that: mycelium growth of A. bisporus is influenced by the temperature of incubation; the temperature of 25°C was more favorable to the mycelium growth of all A. bisporus strains; under the temperature of 20°C, the best growth was obtained with strainsABI-06/05 and ABI-01/01 and, under the temperature of 25°C, strain ABI-01/01 showed significantly higher growth than all other strains.

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Research on mushroom production and products is gaining more grounds globally and in particular Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine nutritional relationship between the substrate used for cultivation and the fruiting body on each of the substrates. Agro-wastes, namely: palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit shaft, plantain (Musa paradisiaca) leaves, sawdust and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) stem, were assessed for suitability as substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus floridanus Singer). The spawn of the mushroom was used to inoculate each of the substrates, using a complete randomised design, with five replicates for each substrate. Results showed that all the substrates supported mycelia growth and development of fruiting bodies of the fungus. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among substrates in terms of number of days to complete mycelia run, with the least recorded in palm fruit shaft (25.20), and the highest in kenaf (32.40). Total yield also differed significantly (P<0.05), with the highest in palm fruit shaft (51.4 g 100 g-1) and lowest in plantain leaves (6.0 g 100 g-1). There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in the nutritional content of fruiting bodies, the highest fat content being on plantain leaves (1.72 g 100 g-1) and the lowest on palm fruit shaft (0.55 g 100 g-1). The trend was similar for mushroom substrates, plantain leaves having (2.55 g 100 g-1) and palm fruit shaft, (0.41g 100 g-1). Starch content for fruiting bodies was highest on sawdust (5.31 g 100 g-1) and lowest on kenaf (2.66 g 100 g-1), while for mushroom substrates, kenaf was (0.33g 100 g-1) and palm fruit shaft was (4.45g 100 g-1). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.24) between the nutrient of fruiting bodies and that of the substrate on which it was cultivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem in soil conservation is the lack of carbon source from organic material. Rice straw from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) can be used as organic fertilizer to supply organic carbon for soil. It can also improve soil structure and increase macro-elements and micro-elements required by plants. This research focused on analyzing lignocellulolytic activity and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) concentration produced by 14 fungal strains isolated from rice straw that had previously been used as substrate for champignon (Agaricus sp.). Four fungal strains were isolated (JPF 2, JPF 5, JPF 13, and JPF 14) and then characterized. JPF 14 isolate had the highest laccase activity (1.767 U mL-1) and produced the highest concentration of indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone (6.78 mg mL-1). JPF 13 isolate had the highest amylase activity (0.746 U mL-1). JPF 2 isolate had the highest cellulose activity (0.502 U mL-1). JPF 5 isolate had the highest xylanase activity (0.560 U mL-1). Based on their ability to grow on certain pH and temperature, isolate JPF 2 was classified as mesophylic-acidophylic microbe, isolates JPF 5 and JPF 14 were psycrophylic-acidophylic microbes, and isolate JPF 13 was psycrophylic-alkalophylic microbe.

The aim of the research was to assess the influence of calcium chloride and calcium lactate irrigation on the yield volume and dry matter content in two champignon strains, ie Amycel 2200 and Italspawn F59. When both strains were irrigated with calcium lactate, there was a significant decrease observed in the yield when the concentration of the solution was 0.6%. On the other hand, when calcium chloride was applied to the Italspawn F59 strain, there was a significant decrease in the yield when the concentration was as low as 0.4%, whereas the yield of the Amycel 2200 strain dropped when the concentration of calcium chloride was 0.6%. The irrigation with calcium chloride and calcium lactate had influence on the content of dry matter in the champignon carpophores. When the solutions under investigation were applied at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, there was a significant increase observed in the content of dry matter in both strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]