Search

BACKGROUND When performing filler injection procedures to the nasojugal groove, there is the risk of iatrogenic damage to the detoured facial artery. OBJECTIVE To determine the 3-dimensional location of the detoured facial artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The branches of the facial arteries from 118 cadaveric hemifaces were scanned using computed tomography and reconstructed using the Mimics software program. RESULTS Detoured facial arteries were found in 47 of the 118 hemifaces (39.8%). Two main arterial patterns were identified: in Type I (29 of 47 cases), there were both detoured and nasolabial trunks where the facial artery originated, whereas in Type II (18 of 47 cases), there was only a detoured trunk. The detoured trunk originated 32.0±5.3mm from the midsagittal line, 5.0 ± 2.8 mm from the occlusion plane, and 5.9 ± 3.5 mm below the skin layer; the inflection of the detoured trunk was located 30.0±5.6mmlaterally, 26.2±4.4mmsuperiorly, and 5.7±2.6mmdeep. The meeting point with the inferior orbital rim plane was located 17.1 ± 3.4 mmlaterally, 43.4 ± 3.1mmsuperiorly, and 2.8 ± 1.7mmdeep. CONCLUSION The 3-dimensional location of the detoured facial artery as reported here will help clinicians to avoid iatrogenic damage when they are performing filler injection procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The forehead is a challenging area for filler injection because of the risk of serious complications. Anatomy-based filler injection techniques help to avoid severe vascular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six cadaver heads were infused with adequate lead oxide contrast through the external carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries, facial artery, and superficial temporal artery. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were reconstructed using validated algorithms. We measured the length and arc length of "beautiful" foreheads evaluated by 3 skilled surgeons. RESULTS The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FBSTA) was classified based on the main trunk as follows: Type I FBSTA (89.72%) took a sudden turn (89.56 6 11.76) once passing through the temporal crest, whereas Type II FBSTA (10.28%) barely turned (52.26 6 6.81) at the temporal crest. A total of 319 arteries passed through the midline in 48 cadaver heads. There were more superficial arteries (292 of 319) than deep arteries (27 of 319). The difference in the length and arc length of the forehead was 19.66 6 4.35 mm. CONCLUSION This study introduces an effective technique for forehead filler injection that minimizes the risk of filler injection and improves patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]