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The production of oak seedlings in intensive crops involves the modification of natural conditions, namely the degree of humidity, through artificial irrigation, which favors the appearance of the pathogen Erysiphe alphitoides, responsible for the Oak Powdery Mildew (OPM) disease. Thus, it is necessary to identify new substances and technologies to control OPM. In this sense, new products approved by the European Union (EU) and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) were identified, both synthetic and, a great novelty, biological (based on chito-oligosaccharides-oligogalacturonans: COS-OGA). In order to quantify the results, a correlation was made with climatic factors, by sampling data related to temperature and relative humidity with Data Logger devices. The obtained results suggest that OPM has a high virulence in the temperature range of 20 to 30 °C; at a relative humidity above 75%. The data obtained from the field experiments show that the synthetic products controlled OPM with an effectiveness between 70% and 95%, and the biological product behaved almost similarly, between 60% and 90%, which creates high opportunities for environmentally friendly control of forest pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Brașov city is located in an intra-Carpathian large lowland, surrounded by the mountains. Generally, no gulls were mentioned into the city till the last decades. But, 20 km north from the city, a chain of artificial lakes and the river Olt becomes attractive for the water birds, especially after some conservation measures have been taken (ROSPA0037). Chroicocephalus ridibundus took advantage of the local water treatment plant, so, in the last years (2019-2022), black-headed gull has o relative constant and large population (maximum 617 individuals) on the ponds, from the end of February till the half part of November. Larus michahellis has a continuous presence in Brașov city, throughout the year, formed by a relatively small number of birds (flocks of maximum 17-25 individuals have been observed each year). Annual, some pairs of yellow-legged gull nest in Brașov (wards of Tractorul, Brașovul Vechi, Astra). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive organisms that cause damage to forest tree species, such as Dryocosmus kuriphilus, create significant economic and aesthetic problems for stands and forest plantations of Castanea sp., in our country, on Castanea sativa. So far, in our country, D. kuriphilus has been reported only in one place, more exactly, on three ornamental chestnuts located in a forest-free area, northeast of Oradea. The aim of this study wass to verify the possible occurrence of the chestnut gall wasp in the main areas where chestnuts are spread. D. kuriphilus was monitored in Forest District of Dobresti (Bihor), the “Chestnut trees from Baia Mare” reserve (ROSCI 0003), chestnut stands from Tismana (ROSCI 0019) and Hurezi monastery (Valcea), the green area inside the INCDS “Marin Dracea” center (Voluntari, Ilfov), the gardens from Scheii Brasovului and the dendrological park from Simeria (Hunedoara). The methodology consisted in the evaluation of the mentioned study plots and the detection of the presence of this wasp based on specific symptoms (galls), for several consecutive years. The Asian wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, was discovered in Voluntari, Ilfov, on a single ornamental chestnut (Castanea sativa). In the other important monitored areas of distribution / cultivation, this wasp was not detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American fungus Erysiphe platani has been first time mentioned (only anamorph stage, without location) in Romania in 2006. After 1990, the plane tree has been used on unprecedent large scale in urban green areas. Therefore, in 2018, the pathogen (in both stages) has been found spread in many cities of the Eastern half part of the country. The present paper provides new information of the plane tree powdery mildew presence in all the important regions of Romania. Secondary, the evolution of the disease has been recorded in Bucharest and Brașov cities. Between 2014 and 2020, the infections have been proved to be stable in some green areas Bucharest and in evolution (spreading slowly) in street alignments of Brașov. The other plane tree leaf problems (pests, fungi, abiotic stress) have been also recorded and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian forest seedling production system is still very classical. A complex structure of treatments for the culture and protection of forest seedlings, including stimulants (of rooting and metabolism), fertilizers, fungicides, and insecticides. Solar (plastic tent) tests were made on very young seedlings of European larch, Norway spruce, Austrian black pine, and Caucasian fir. Treatments schedule included i) mixture of fungicides (Topsin + Previcur); mixture of fortifying products (rooting stimulant Rootip Basic + bioregulator Revital + metabolic stimulant Atonik). The results consisted into an increase height growth (larger for larch and lower for spruce and black pine). Nursery tests were done on transplanted (lined out) seedlings of European larch and Norway spruce using several methods and mixture of products. Larch. Experimental applications included stimulants + fungicide (Rootip + Revital + Polyram), in foliar (0.1 l/m2 ) or soil (5 l/m2 ) variants. Results were positive (with one exception), consisting in height additional increment comparing to control, even if the differences were small due to the only one late treatment (instead of regular 4 applications) done. Spruce. Three types of applications were done: i) foliar fertilizers (Basaplant + Suprafol), ii) stimulants (Rootip + Revital + Atonik), iii) soil fertilizer (Novatec). Effect was positive in all variants with an exception, even the values are small. Greenhouse tests consisted in treatments of seedlings of Norway spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, bald cypress, and saucer magnolia. Only two foliar spraying was performed using a mixture of two stimulants, a fungicide and an insecticide (Revital + Atonik + Topsin + Calypso). These late (August) applications have no effect on conifers, but on magnolia (with higher rate of growth) a small (not significant) additional increment comparing to the control have been recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Iron Gates” includes a first part (Socol-Moldova Nouă) where Danube pass through a hilly zone, creating an interesting mixture of humid, mezohidric and xerophyte habitats, with specific flora, which were the subject of a three years inventory. Habitats. 67 floristic associations (described in literature and/or identificated in the present work) have been described and falling into 37 habitats according to Romanian and European Natura 2000 taxonomy, respectively. Among the special ecosystems, “R5306 Danube communities with Typha laxmannii and Epilobium hirsutum” habitat has been identified for the first time in this zone. As interesting news we may mention the presence of the following habitats: “R3128 Balkanic bushes with Paliurus spina-cristi” and “R4163 Balkanic woods - bushes of Quercus pubescens with Echinops banaticus”, coenosys edified by Fumana procumbens on sandy soils. Flora. A comprehensive imagine of the local flora has been recorded using the establish network, with a remarkable diversity of cormophitous plants (388 species have been identified). Among the local ecosystems which are hosting numeroas species of conservative interest, we mention the following: »» rocky habitats with unstable gravel (ass. Alysso petraei - Sedetum hispanici) with Lactuca viminea and Paliurus spina-christi, located between Baziaş and Divici; »» fluvial sands with Anthericum liliago, Festuca vaginata, Fumana procumbens, Onosma arenaria and Carex liparocarpos in the Moldova Veche Island; »» loess slops with cu Salvia aethiopis şi Campanula grossekii nearby Divici; »» thermophile oak woods with Paeonia officinalis spp. banatica and Ruscus aculeatus in Baziaş - Divici zone; »» beech forests with Daphne laureola in Valea Mare reservs; »» humid zones with Potamogeton trichoides and Schoenoplectus (Scirpus) triqueter (the rare species Marsilea quadrifolia and Ammannia verticillata, previously recorded in the regiune have not been found in the present inventorie) etc. Danube influence on local flora favour the disemination of some hidrochore species. Some plants have recently occurred, Eleusine indica, Najas marina, Polygonum orientale and Typha laxmannii being for the first time recorded in the study zone. La acestea se adaugă identificarea în premieră a speciei Allium oleraceum în zona de studiu. Numerously ruderal and cultivated species have been naturalised along the river, such as: Oenothera biennis, Oenothera parviflora, Bidens vulgata, Hemerocallis fulva, Polygonum (Reynoutria) sachalinense, Echinocystis lobata, Euphorbia maculata et al. Maclura pomifera is naturalised on sunny slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]