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The current paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of speech errors made during the L2 picture-naming task in the context of two mutually intelligible languages. The task was performed by native speakers of Slovak and its target language was Czech. The errors demonstrate that production is partly based on the so-called interlanguage analogies and interiorized rules derived from them. Such issues have been rather overlooked in the previous literature. Our qualitative findings offer a viable starting point for formulating novel hypotheses for quantitative studies on lexical access in bilinguals. The evidence discussed here shows that examining less commonly studied languages in their specific contexts can substantially enrich the research that has traditionally focused on better studied languages, such as English, French, German or Dutch.

Self-paced reading has been a widely used experimental method for study of the processing of sentences and texts. In this paper, we introduce the method to the Czech audience. We summarize its advantages and limitations and provide practical suggestions on stimuli construction and data pro-cessing. We also present different variants of the method, we discuss its ecological validity, and we summarize the experimental evidence showing that reaction times collected in self-paced reading can be linked to processing demands people might experience during reading. Finally, we present three examples of the application of the method: an experiment on agreement attraction in Czech, an experiment on garden-path sentences in Czech and an experiment studying the processing of short discourses in English. We also briefly discuss new trends that connect corpus linguistics with psycholinguistic discourse processing research and lead to the development of reading-time corpora.

This is a follow-up experiment to the Primed information recall in Czech: randomized order experiment (https://osf.io/dtepv). We use the same stimuli, but we manipulate the number of occurences of each question type. More precisely, we present noun-targeting questions in 75% of cases, whereas adjective-targeting questions in only 25% of cases.

This is a follow-up experiment to the Primed information recall in Czech: randomized order experiment (https://osf.io/dtepv). We use the same stimuli, but we manipulate the number of occurences of each question type. More precisely, we present adjective-targeting questions in 75% of cases, whereas noun-targeting questions in only 25% of cases.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218231159190 for When and where did it happen? Systematic differences in recall of core and optional sentence information by Jan Chromý and Sonja Vojvodić in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

In this experiment, we aim to investigate recall accuracy depending on priming due to previous comprehension questions.

Previous experiments found that the information conveyed by temporal and locative adjuncts tends to be recalled to a significantly lesser extent when they stand at the end of the sentence (focused position). However, such finding can be also interpreted as a recency effect. To distinguish between recency and focus effects, we thus conduct an experiment which employs cleft sentences in which the focused segment stands in the beginning of the sentence. Importantly, this is a repeated experiment - previous experiment on the role of cleft sentences contained an error in the script and one of the items thus had to be excluded from the analysis. We decided to do the experiment again. The first experiment was preregistered here: https://osf.io/c6sjg

This is a second experiment in the series. Similarly to the previous experiment, we would like to test naming preferences of native speakers of Czech and the speakers will be shown arrays of three objects (with one object being highlighted) and will be asked to conclude a sentence preamble (such as "Click on...") by refering to or describing a target object. We will primarilly measure the extent to which speakers produce: (a) definite pronouns (ten, ta, to), which are somewhat similar to definite articles and are marked for gender, case and number (b) color adjectives, which we expect to vary based on the types of objects being described, specifically if the object arrays have a target with (i) the same or different grammatical gender to the distractor objects e.g. [fem, fem fem] or [fem, masc, fem], (ii) the same or different colour as the distractors e.g. [yellow, yellow, yellow] or [yellow, blue, red].

In this project, we aim to examine gender agreement attraction effects in comprehension in Czech and Slovak. The stimuli will be equivalent translations, which will enable us to directly compare the effects between the two languages.

In this experiment, we would like to examine number agreement attraction effects in English for speakers whose first language is not English. More specifically, we would like to assess the magnitude of these effects in relation to L2 proficiency. About 1000 native speakers of Czech with various levels of L2 proficiency will participate in the experiment. L2 proficiency will be measured using the LEAP-Q and LexTALE resources. The reading experiment will be conducted using word-by-word self-paced reading and will be identical to our previous English experiment (for L1 speakers), see https://osf.io/4dz7j.

This is a third experiment in a series on the recall of temporal references at the sentence level. Previous experiments found that the information conveyed by temporal and locative adjuncts tends to be recalled to a significantly lesser extent than the information conveyed by objects. In this experiment, we focus on the effects of context on the recall of the adjuncts.

Experimental items

A follow-up experiment in which word-order influence on argument/adjunct recall on a sentence level is tested.

In this experiment, we would like to test how native Czech speakers understand garden-path sentences. We will measure the response accuracy for three types of open-ended comprehension questions which will follow either a garden-path or a control sentence: a) question targeting the initial misanalysis, b) question targeting the sentence subject, c) question targeting the locative adjunct. We predict that the garden-path structure should lead to lower response accuracy in general and the rate of incorrect answers should thus be higher not only in the case of questions targeting the initial misanalysis, but in the case of the two other questions as well.

The project aims to analyze lexical retrieval in bilingual speakers with Czech as a first language. We plan to test speakers with differing levels of their L2 (from speaker with low proficiency in L2 to almost balanced bilinguals) and see whether the degree of proficiency in L2 correlates with the performance in the experimental tasks such as picture naming and verbal fluency. We will also test a specific group of translation studies (speakers with a very high knowledge of L2 with a deep training in switching between the languages).

In this experiment, we would like to test naming preferences of native speakers of Czech. Speakers will be shown arrays of three objects (with one object being highlighted) and will be asked to conclude a sentence preamble (such as "Click on...") by refering to or describing a target object. We will primarilly measure the extent to which speakers produce: (a) definite pronouns (ten, ta, to), which are somewhat similar to definite articles and are marked for gender, case and number (b) color adjectives, which we expect to vary based on the types of objects being described, specifically if the object arrays have a target with (i) a typical or an arbitrary colour, e.g. yellow banana or yellow bike, (ii) the same or different grammatical gender to the distractor objects e.g. [fem, fem fem] or [fem, masc, neut], (iii) the same or different colour as the distractors e.g. [yellow, yellow, yellow] or [yellow, blue, red].

This is a fifth experiment in a series on the recall of temporal references at the sentence level. Previous experiments found that the information conveyed by temporal and locative adjuncts tends to be recalled to a significantly lesser extent when they stand at the end of the sentence (focused position). However, such finding can be also interpreted as a recency effect. To distinguish between recency and focus effects, we thus conduct an experiment which employs cleft sentences in which the focused segment stands in the beginning of the sentence.

In this experiment, three variables will be manipulated: (a) sentence plausibility (plausible vs. implausible), (b) grammatical voice (active vs. passive sentence), (c) question target (questions targeting objects of plausible sentences vs. questions targeting objects of implausible sentences). The sentences will be presented as a whole using PC IbexFarm platform, we will use close-ended questions.

Experimental research on number agreement attraction facilitatory interference effects in comprehension with native speakers of Czech.

We will examine the final representation of Czech garden-path sentences with patient/external possessor ambiguity. We will be using comprehension questions targeting relevant parts of the sentence: a) patient (misanalysis), b) possessor of the patient (reanalysis and erasing the misanalysis) and c) agent of the second clause (correct analysis of the rest of the sentence). The items are also controlled for the amount of interference. We would also like to test the effect of the form of the comprehension question. This experiment employs open-ended questions.

The goal of this self-paced reading experiment is to explore the role of semantic interference in garden-path sentences processing. To test this, we use sentences containing a locally ambiguous animate noun that can be interpreted either as a patient (misanalysis) or as external possessor (correct analysis). The conditions differ in the animacy of the actual patient, which is either animate (leading to stronger interference with the ambiguous noun) or inanimate. The experiment uses yes/no questions to test the readers' final interpretation of the sentence. The questions target three relevant parts of the interpretation: a) initial misanalysis of the ambiguous noun (analyzed as patient) b) correct analysis of the object noun (succesfully recognized as patient and attached to the structure) c) correct analysis of the ambiguous noun (reanalyzed and correctly attached to the structure as external possessor) We would like to compare the response accuracy with the results of a similar experiment employing open-ended questions to assess the effect of the form of the comprehension question.

We will examine the final representation of Czech garden-path sentences with patient/external possessor ambiguity. We will be using comprehension questions targeting relevant parts of the sentence: a) patient (misanalysis), possessor of the patient (reanalysis and erasing the misanalysis) and agent of the following clause (correct analysis of the rest of the sentence). The items are also controlled for the amount of interference. We would also like to test the effect of the form of the comprehension question. This experiment employs yes/no questions.

In this experiment, three variables will be manipulated: (a) sentence plausibility (plausible vs. implausible), (b) grammatical voice (active vs. passive sentence), (c) question target (questions targeting objects of plausible sentences vs. questions targeting objects of implausible sentences). The sentences will be presented as a whole using PC IbexFarm platform, we will use open-ended questions.

The goal of this self-paced reading experiment is to explore the role of semantic interference in garden-path sentences processing. To test this, we use sentences containing a locally ambiguous animate noun that can be interpreted either as a patient (misanalysis) or as external possessor (correct analysis). The conditions differ in the animacy of the actual patient, which is either animate (leading to stronger interference with the ambiguous noun) or inanimate. We are interested in the reaction times on the potentially ambiguous region and the disambiguating region of the sentence, where we expect the effects of the ambiguity and of the interference level to be seen. The experiment uses yes/no questions to test the readers' final interpretation of the sentence. The questions target three relevant parts of the interpretation: a) initial misanalysis of the ambiguous noun (analyzed as patient) b) correct analysis of the object noun (succesfully recognized as patient and attached to the structure) c) correct analysis of the ambiguous noun (reanalyzed and correctly attached to the structure as external possessor) We would like to compare the response accuracy with the results of a similar experiment employing open-ended questions to assess the effect of the form of the comprehension question.

This self-paced reading experiment is a replication of our previous experiment that used open-ended questions to examine how speakers of Czech analyze and interpret garden-path sentences with patient/external possessor ambiguity. This experiment will use the same set of stimuli as the previous one, but comprehension will be tested with yes/no questions instead of open ended questions. The questions will target three relevant parts of the interpretation: a) initial misanalysis of the ambiguous noun (analyzed as patient) b) correct analysis of the object noun (succesfully recognized as patient and attached to the structure) c) correct analysis of the ambiguous noun (reanalyzed and correctly attached to the structure as external possessor) There are two types of items that differ in the strength of interference caused by the semantic similarity between the potentially ambiguous noun (external possessor) and the noun in the role of the patient; and by the morphological similarity (grammatical gender) between the ambiguous noun and the subject noun. We would like to compare the response accuracy with the results of the previous experiment and test the effect of the form of the comprehension question.

This is a study on facilitatory interference effects of number agreement attraction in Czech. This experiment tests whether attractors that are both syncretic with the nominative plural and also carry the plural feature give rise to facilitatory interference in the comprehension of ungrammatical sentences.

The goal of this self-paced reading experiment is to explore the role of semantic interference in garden-path sentences processing. To test this, we use sentences containing a locally ambiguous animate noun that can be interpreted either as a patient (misanalysis) or as external possessor (correct analysis). The conditions differ in the animacy of the actual patient, which is either animate (leading to stronger interference with the ambiguous noun) or inanimate. We are interested in the reaction times on the potentially ambiguous region and the disambiguating region of the sentence, where we expect the effects of the ambiguity and of the interference level to be seen. The experiment uses open-ended questions to test the readers' final interpretation of the sentence. The questions target two relevant parts of the interpretation: a) intial misanalysis of the ambiguous noun and correct analysis of the actual object noun (which noun is attached to the verb as a patient) b) correct analysis of the ambiguous noun (reanalyzed and correctly attached to the structure as external possessor) We would like to compare the response accuracy with the results of a similar experiment employing yes/no questions to assess the effect of the form of the comprehension question.

The goal of this self-paced reading experiment is to explore the role of semantic interference in garden-path sentences processing. To test this, we use sentences containing a locally ambiguous animate noun that can be interpreted either as a patient (misanalysis) or as external possessor (correct analysis). The conditions differ in the animacy of the actual patient, which is either animate (leading to stronger interference with the ambiguous noun) or inanimate. The experiment uses open-ended questions to test the readers' final interpretation of the sentence. The questions target two relevant parts of the interpretation: a) intial misanalysis of the ambiguous noun and correct analysis of the actual object noun (which noun is attached to the verb as a patient) b) correct analysis of the ambiguous noun (reanalyzed and correctly attached to the structure as external possessor) We would like to compare the response accuracy with the results of a similar experiment employing yes/no questions to assess the effect of the form of the comprehension question.

This is a fourth experiment in a series on the recall of temporal references at the sentence level. Previous experiments found that the information conveyed by temporal and locative adjuncts tends to be recalled to a significantly lesser extent than the information conveyed by objects. However, the results could be confounded by the question wording. In this experiment, we use questions which will not give participants any cues about the sentence content.

We are aiming at conducting an experiment targeting the impact of case syncretism on agreement attraction in Czech (following Slioussar, 2018).