Author: "CNR - National Research Council of Italy" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"CNR - National Research Council of Italy"' showing total 513 results

Start Over Author "CNR - National Research Council of Italy"

513 results on '"CNR - National Research Council of Italy"'

1. Graph structure-based Heuristics for Optimal Targeting in Social Networks

Author: Massimo Bini, Paolo Frasca, Chiara Ravazzi, Fabrizio Dabbene, University of Tübingen, Dynamics and Control of Networks (DANCE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GIPSA Pôle Automatique et Diagnostic (GIPSA-PAD), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and ANR-18-CE40-0010,HANDY,Systèmes Dynamiques Hybrides et en Réseau(2018)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control and Optimization, Computer Networks and Communications, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing
Abstract: International audience; We consider a dynamic model for competition in a social network, where two strategic agents have fixed beliefs and the non-strategic/regular agents adjust their states according to a distributed consensus protocol. We suppose that one strategic agent must identify k+ target agents in the network in order to maximally spread her own opinion and alter the average opinion that eventually emerges. In the literature, this problem is cast as the maximization of a set function and, leveraging on the submodular property, is solved in a greedy manner by solving k+ separate single targeting problems. Our main contribution is to exploit the underlying graph structure to build more refined heuristics. As a first instance, we provide the analytical solution for the optimal targeting problem over Complete Graphs. This result provides a rule to understand whether it is convenient or not to block the opponent's influence by targeting the same nodes. The argument is then extended to generic graphs leading to more accurate solutions compared to a simple greedy approach. As a second instance, by electrical analogy we provide the analytical solution of the single targeting problem for the Line Graph and derive some useful properties of the objective function for trees. Inspired by these findings, we define a new algorithm which selects the optimal solution on trees in a much faster way with respect to a brute-force approach and works well also over treelike/sparse graphs. The proposed heuristics are then compared to zero-cost heuristics on different random generated graphs and real social networks. Summarizing, our results suggest a scheme that tells which algorithm is more suitable in terms of accuracy and computational complexity, based on the density of the graphs and its degree distribution.
Published: 2022

2. Middle-late Holocene Climate and Hydrologic Changes in the Gulf of Saros (NE Aegean Sea)

Author: Kürşad Kadir Eriş, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Cerennaz Bozyiğit, Luca Gasperini, M.N. Çağatay, Vincent Klein, Gülsen Uçarkuş, Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Saros, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleoclimate, Gulf of Saros, North Aegean Sea, Drainage basin, Holocene climatic optimum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Marine sediment core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Deforestation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sapropels, Holocene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Sapropel, 15. Life on land, Geochemical proxies, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Period (geology), Physical geography
Abstract: International audience; A multi-proxy analyses was applied on the sediment core from the Gulf of Saros (GoS) to identify and characterize climate and hydrological changes during the middle-to-late Holocene. The formation of two discrete Holocene sapropel layers in the GoS sediments was documented for the first time in the sediment core based on total organic carbon analysis. According to our paleo-proxy records, the lower Holocene sapropel was deposited under warm and humid climate conditions that gave rise to high delivery of terrestrial organic matter by numerous rivers in the northern catchment of the GoS. Biomarker and μ-XRF data were used to decipher climate variations during the middle to late Holocene. The general trends of sea-surface temperature records from the GoS and Sea of Marmara (SoM) at the 2 beginning of late Holocene are in good agreement, underlying the influence of the Black Sea inflow. A relatively warm and wet climate together with a high sedimentation rate during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum resulted in high organic productivity and ensuing formation of the younger Holocene sapropel between 5.4 and 3.0 cal ka BP. Late Holocene European climate periods are evident in the Saros core records. The Roman Humid Period is represented by high variation in climate, indicating an earlier (2.5-2.3 cal ka BP) dry and a later (2.3-1.55 cal ka BP) wet periods. The abrupt return to drier condition during the Dark Ages Cold Period (1.6-1.3 cal ka BP) was followed by a wetter Medieval Climate Anomaly (1.1-0.7 cal ka BP). The paleo-proxy record of the core indicates a passage from a wetter to drier climate during the cold Little Ice Age period (730-110 cal yr BP), and highlights the influence of deforestation in the catchment of the GoS as a result of human activities during the last three centuries.
Published: 2022

3. Dissolved neodymium isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Paolo Montagna, Christophe Colin, Martin Frank, Tjördis Störling, Toste Tanhua, Micha J.A. Rijkenberg, Marco Taviani, Katrin Schroeder, Jacopo Chiggiato, Guohui Gao, Arnaud Dapoigny, Steven L. Goldstein, Institute of Polar Sciences [Venezia-Mestre] (CNR-ISP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Geology [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research leading to this paper was funded by the French National Research Agency under the 'Investissements d'avenir' programme (Grant number ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006) and the INSU LEFE-IMAGO PALMEDS Project. P. Montagna gratefully acknowledges the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (Grant agreement 219607, MEDAT-ARCHIVES) for providing financial support at LDEO and is also indebted to L. Pena, Y. Cai and N. Frank for introducing him to the neodymium isotope measurements. Micha Rijkenberg was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Grant number 822.01.015, GEOTRACES, the biogeochemical cycles of bioessential trace metals and isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea). Thanks are also extended to the captains, crews, chief scientists, and scientific parties of oceanographic cruises Medcor (December 2008, Captain: Vincenzo Lubrano Lavadera), Arcadia (March-April 2010, Captain: Vincenzo Lubrano Lavadera) and Record (November 2013, Captain: Emanuele Gentile) onboard R/V Urania, Meteor 84/3 (April 2011, Captain: Thomas Wunderlich) onboard R/V Meteor and MedBlack GEOTRACES 64PE370 (May-June 2013, Captain: Pieter Kuijt) and 64PE374 (July-August 2013, Captain: Pieter Kuijt) onboard R/V Pelagia. We gratefully acknowledge Mohamed Ayache and Jean-Claude Dutay for providing the model data to produce Fig. 10, Fig. 11. This manuscript benefited from constructive suggestions by four anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Karen H. Johannesson. Article finalized and submitted at the time of the Covid-19 pandemics. This is ISMAR-CNR Bologna scientific contribution number 2034., ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), and ANR-17-EURE-0006,IPSL-CGS,IPSL Climate graduate school(2017)
Subjects: Neodymium isotopes, Seawater, Mediterranean Sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) of seawater is one of the most important geochemical tracers to investigate water mass provenance, which can also serve as a proxy to reconstruct past variations in ocean circulation. Nd isotopes have recently also been used to reconstruct past circulation changes in theMediterranean Sea on different time scales. However, the modern seawater ε Nd dataset for the Mediterranean Sea, which these reconstructions are based on, is limited and up to now only 160 isotopic measurements are available for the entire basin. The lack of present-day data also limits our understanding of the processes controlling the Nd cycle and Nd isotopic distribution in this semi-enclosed basin. Here we present new εNd data from 24 depth profiles covering all Mediterranean sub-basins, which significantly increases the available dataset in the Mediterranean Sea. The main goal of our study is to better characterize the relationship between the dissolved Nd isotope distributions and major water masses in the Mediterranean Sea and to investigate the impact and relative importance of local non-conservative modifications, which include input of riverine particles and waters, aeolian-derived material and exchange with the sediments at continental margins . This comprehensive εNd dataset reveals a clear εNd – salinity correlation and a zonal and depth gradient with εNd systematically increasing from the western to the eastern Mediterranean basin (average εNd = −8.8 ± 0.8 and −6.7 ± 1 for the entire water column, respectively), reflecting the large-scale basin circulation. We have evaluated the conservative εNd behaviour in theMediterranean Sea and quantified the non-conservative components of the ε Nd signatures by applying an Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) analysis and results from the Parametric Optimum Multiparameter (POMP) analysis of Jullion et al. (2017). The results of the present study combined with previously published Nd isotope values indicate that dissolved εNd behaves overall conservatively in the open Mediterranean Sea and show that its water masses are clearly distinguishable by their Nd isotope signature. However, misfits between measured and OMP- and POMP-derived εNd values exist in almost all sub-basins, especially in the eastern Levantine Basin and Alboran Sea at intermediate-deep depths, which can be explained by the influence of detrital lithogenic εNd signatures through interaction with highly radiogenic Nile sourced volcanic fractions and unradiogenic sediments, respectively. The radiogenic signature acquired in the eastern Levantine Basin is carried by the Levantine Intermediate Water and transferred conservatively to the entire Mediterranean at intermediate depths. Our measured εNd values and OMP- and POMP-derived results indicate that non-conservative contributions originating from sediment sources are then propagated by water mass circulation (with distinct preformed εNd) along the Mediterranean Sea through advection and conservative mixing. Mediterranean εNd effectively traces the mixing between the different water masses in this semi-enclosed basin and is a suitable water mass tracer.
Published: 2022

4. Logical and Evidential Inconsistencies Meet: First Steps

Author: Nadia Ben Abdallah, Sébastien Destercke, Anne-Laure Jousselme, Frédéric Pichon, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [La Spezia] (CNR-ISMAR-SP), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et d'Automatique de l'Artois (LGI2A), Université d'Artois (UA), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: logic, Conflict, Computer science, Knowledge Bases, 02 engineering and technology, belief functions, Dempster-Shafer theory, Data science, inconsistency, Evidence theory, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Logical conjunction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 030212 general & internal medicine, Information fusion
Abstract: International audience; Measuring inconsistency has been and is still an active research topic in both logic and evidence theory. However, the two fields have developed distinct notions and measures of inconsistency, following different paths. In this paper, we attempt to build some first bridges between the two trends, suggesting some first means for one to enrich the other, and vice-versa.
Published: 2021

5. Sediment reworking by the burrowing polychaete Hediste diversicolor modulated by environmental and biological factors across the temperate North Atlantic. A tribute to Gaston Desrosiers

Author: Patrick Gillet, Ronnie N. Glud, Gary T. Banta, Erik Kristensen, Martin Solan, Renald Belley, Robert C. Aller, Anthony Maire, Jonas S. Gunnarsson, Michael J. Townsend, Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Lois Calder, Stina Lindqvist, Xavier de Montaudouin, Emma Michaud, Stephen Widdicombe, Judith R. Renz, Luca Giorgio Bellucci, Stefan Hulth, Karl Norling, Philippe Archambault, Jasmin A. Godbold, Susanne P. Eriksson, Stefan Forster, Nils Volkenborn, Georges Stora, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Roskilde University, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Rostock, Mer, molécules et santé (MMS UCO), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton, Nordic Centre of Earth Evolution (NORDCEE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Functional response group, Aquatic Science, Intraspecific variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioturbation, Sediment reworking, Hediste diversicolor, Functional effect group, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, BioturbationSediment reworking, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Nereis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, chemistry, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Particle mixing and irrigation of the seabed by benthic fauna (bioturbation) have major impacts on ecosystem functions such as remineralization of organic matter and sediment-water exchange. As a tribute to Prof. Gaston Desrosiers by the Nereis Park association, eighteen laboratories carried out a collaborative experiment to acquire a global snapshot of particle reworking by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor at 16 sites surrounding the Northern Atlantic. Organisms and soft sediments were collected during May – July at different geographical locations and, using a common laboratory protocol, particulate fluorescent tracers (‘luminophores’) were used to quantify particle transport over a 10-day period. Particle mixing was quantified using the maximum penetration depth of tracers (MPD), particle diffusive coefficients (Db), and non-local transport coefficients (r). Non-local coefficients (reflecting centimeter scale transport steps) ranged from 0.4 to 15 yr−1, and were not correlated across sites with any measured biological (biomass, biovolume) or environmental parameters (temperature, grain size, organic matter). Maximum penetration depths (MPD) averaged ~10.7 cm (6.5–14.5 cm), and were similar to the global average bioturbation depth inferred from short-lived radiochemical tracers. MPD was also not correlated with measures of size (individual biomass), but increased with grain size and decreased with temperature. Biodiffusion (Db) correlated inversely with individual biomass (size) and directly with temperature over the environmental range (Q10 ~ 1.7; 5–21 °C). The transport data were comparable in magnitude to rates reported for localized H. diversicolor populations of similar size, and confirmed some but not all correlations between sediment reworking and biological and environmental variables found in previous studies. The results imply that measures of particle reworking activities of a species from a single location can be generally extrapolated to different populations at similar conditions.
Published: 2021

6. Contrasted mixing efficiency in energetic versus quiescent regions: Insights from microstructure measurements in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Author: Bruno Ferron, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Yannis Cuypers, Katrin Schroeder, Anda Vladoiu, Stephane Leizour, Mireno Borghini, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Marine Science Institute (CNR—ISMAR), European Project: 654410,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,JERICO-NEXT(2015), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flux, Stratification (water), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Turbulent diapycnal mixing, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Microstructure measurements, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Richardson number, Turbulence, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Dissipation, Mixing efficiency, Oceanography, Orders of magnitude (time), 13. Climate action, Turbulence kinetic energy, Thermocline
Abstract: Microstructure and CTD/LADCP measurements from the Western Mediterranean basin east of revealed two types of dynamical regions (Ferron et al., 2017, Geophysical Research Letters, 44:7845-7854, Ferron et al., 2017), contrasted in terms of current magnitude, vertical shear, stratification and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate: energetic regions (Corsica Channel, Egadi Valley and Sicily Channel) and quiescent regions (Ligurian Sea, around Sardinia, and Tyrrhenian Sea). On average, the current speed and the buoyancy frequency in the energetic regions were twice as large as in the quiescent regions, and the vertical shear was five times as large. Turbulence properties inferred from the microstructure measurements were also contrasted, dissipation rates in the energetic regions being two orders of magnitude larger than in the quiescent regions. The present study investigates the variability of the dissipation flux coefficient, a measure of the mixing efficiency, in a rich assortment of dynamical regimes. This dataset covers the full range of turbulence intensities observed in previous studies based on field measurements, direct numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments alike. The dependency of the dissipation flux coefficient as a function of turbulence intensity for the quiescent and energetic regions frames the previously observed lower and upper bounds, respectively. A contrasting behaviour was revealed between the two types of regions. In the quiescent regions, the dissipation flux coefficient linearly decreases on average by one order of magnitude with turbulence intensity increasing by four orders of magnitude. On the other hand, in the energetic regions the dissipation flux coefficient exhibits a nearly constant value over 4 decades of turbulence intensity, before decreasing for very strong turbulence intensities. In contrast with other studies, this dataset shows no relationship between the Richardson number and the dissipation flux coefficient. This may be due to inadequate vertical sampling resolution of the currents, or to the high diversity of sampled turbulent regimes, contrary to previous studies focused on a single type of dynamical region or framework (such as the thermocline or shear instabilities).
Published: 2021

7. Anisotropic Transverse Confinement Design for Electrically Pumped 850 nm VCSELs Tuned by an Intra Cavity Liquid-Crystal Cell

Author: Francesco Bertazzi, Benjamin Boisnard, Thierry Camps, Jean-Baptiste Doucet, Benjamin Reig, Véronique Bardinal, Andrea Simaz, Alberto Tibaldi, Pierluigi Debernardi, Michele Goano, CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), ANR-15-CE19-0012,DOCT-VCSEL,Tomographie par Cohérence Optique portable à source accordable MEMS-VCSEL pour l'analyse de la peau(2015), Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT-CNR), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Materials science, Multiphysics, Physics::Optics, Optical power, 02 engineering and technology, semiconductor lasers, Grating, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Liquid crystal, law, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, liquid crystal devices, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, simulation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Transverse plane, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Liquid crystal devices, Semiconductor lasers, Simulation, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Relying on preliminary experiments, in this work we design a tunable 850 nm laser based on a hybrid combination of a liquid crystal micro-cell with nanoimprinted grating and an electrically-pumped GaAs half-VCSEL. The optical design is challenging due to the inherent tolerances of this hybrid technology, the presence of metals in the cavity and the need for single fundamental extraordinary mode emission over the whole tuning range. To ensure proper operation, we introduce for the first time the new concept of anisotropic transverse confinement design. The overall performance is verified by our multiphysics VCSEL suite. Beyond tuning features, we predict side mode suppression ratio and optical power under all working conditions, comparing the performance of liquid crystals with different clearing temperatures. The results qualifies these lasers as viable tunable sources with interesting performance and complementary features compared to other technologies.
Published: 2021

8. LES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES AMÉLIORENT NOTRE COMPRÉHENSION DES CHANGEMENTS DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT MARIN

Author: Pieri, Gabriele, Ntoumas, Manolis, Martinelli, Michela, Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Martins, Flavio, Novellino, Antonio, Dimitrova, Natali, Keller, Konstatin, King, Andrew, Smerdon, Andy, Mazza, Marco, Malardé, Damien, Cocco, Michele, Torres, Armindo, Triantafyllou, George, Sá, Sandra, Bebianno, Maria, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Kristiansen, Trond, Lusher, Amy, Institute of information science and technologies [Pisa], National Research Council [Italy] (CNR), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), National Research Council—Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies—CNR-IRBIM, University of Algarve [Portugal], ETT, Europroject Ltd, SubCtech GmbH, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Aquatec Group Ltd, iPrint Institute, NKE instrumentation, entreprise, EdgeLab s.r.l., CEiiA, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), EurOcean, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL
Subjects: samplers, fisheries, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ocean observations, data management, ocean modelling, sensors
Abstract: International audience; Existing European observation tools and services have the potential to take advantage of cutting-edge technologies to obtain a wide range of data at a much higher spatial resolution and temporal regularity and duration. The EU-funded NAUTILOS project will develop a new generation of sensors and samplers for physical, chemical, and biological essential ocean variables in addition to micro-and nano-plastics. The project will improve our understanding of environmental variations and anthropogenic impacts connected with aquaculture, fi sheries, and marine litter. The project will integrate recently advanced marine technologies into different observing platforms and deploy them through innovative and cost-effective methods in a wide range of key environmental settings and EU policy-related applications. The project aims to complement and expand existing European observation instruments and services and further enable and democratise the monitoring of the marine environment for both traditional and non-traditional data users.; Les outils et services d'observation européens existants ont le potentiel de tirer parti des technologies de pointe pour obtenir un large éventail de données à une résolution spatiale et une régularité temporelle et une durée beaucoup plus élevées. Le projet NAUTILOS, financé par l'UE, développera une nouvelle génération de capteurs et d'échantillonneurs pour les variables océaniques essentielles physiques, chimiques et biologiques, en plus des micro- et nano-plastiques. Le projet améliorera notre compréhension des variations environnementales et des impacts anthropiques liés à l'aquaculture, aux pêcheries et aux déchets marins. Le projet intégrera des technologies marines récemment avancées dans différentes plateformes d'observation et les déploiera par le biais de méthodes innovantes et rentables dans un large éventail de contextes environnementaux clés et d'applications liées aux politiques de l'UE. Le projet vise à compléter et à étendre les instruments et services d'observation européens existants et à permettre et démocratiser davantage la surveillance de l'environnement marin pour les utilisateurs de données traditionnels et non traditionnels.
Published: 2021

9. Elemental systematics of the calcitic skeleton of Corallium rubrum and implications for the Mg/Ca temperature proxy

Author: Paolo Montagna, Patrizia Ziveri, M. López Correa, Eric Douville, Nejib Kallel, Julie Trotter, Marco Taviani, Malcolm T. McCulloch, Sonia Chaabane, Cristina Linares, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Earth Sciences, UR GEOGLOB, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), The UWA Oceans Institute, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Coral, Analytical chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Bathyal zone, Petrography, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Mediterranean sea, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Calcite skeleton, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Growth rate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Corallium rubrum, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Trace elements, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Trace element, Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Red coral, Growth bands, Temperature proxy, chemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Seawater
Abstract: Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 The high-Mg calcite skeleton of Corallium rubrum was analyzed from living colonies collected from a wide range of depths (15 m to 607 m) and environmental settings in the Mediterranean Sea. An overarching goal was to better understand the calcification process and incorporation of elements into the slow-growing skeleton of both shallow and deep-water specimens, and more specifically, to clarify the veracity of geochemical proxies for reconstructing seawater temperatures. The coral internal structure including growth bands were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and petrographic techniques. Trace elements (Li, B, Mg, Sr and Ba) compositions of the coral skeleton were obtained by solution and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show that the skeleton of the deep-water specimens has an internal microstructure similar to shallow-water colonies, with the medullar and the annular zones clearly distinguishable in both shallow and deep-water specimens. In general, the bands of the deep-water samples are very thin and equidistant compared to the irregular banding of the shallow-water specimens. Banding differences relate to the contrasting environmental dynamics, with the shallow-water specimens being exposed to large seasonal fluctuations compared to the relative stable conditions of those inhabiting bathyal depths. The inner medullar and outer annular portions differ in their trace element concentrations: Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Li/Ca ratios are higher in the medullar zone and seem to be influenced by growth kinetics, whereas B/Ca and Ba/Ca are similar in both zones and hence unaffected by growth rate. The variability of elemental ratios is lower in the deep-water specimens. Growth bands are highly correlated to Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Li/Ca, suggesting common mechanism(s) controlling the incorporation of these elements into the coral skeleton. Mg/Ca ratios were especially depleted in the dark bands. Although the mean Mg/Ca of each specimen is positively correlated to ambient seawater temperature, the intra-annual variations and amplitudes differ and do not correlate to the band widths. These findings suggest that intra- and inter-annual variations of Mg/Ca cannot be used to reconstruct a continuous time-series of long-term seasonal temperature records. However, the mean Mg/Ca composition can serve as a valuable proxy to estimate mean palaeoseawater temperature at a given site within the Mediterranean.
Published: 2019

10. A Novel Sensor-Free Location Sampling Mechanism

Author: Katsikouli, Panagiota, Madariaga, Diego, Fiore, Marco, Carneiro Viana, Aline, Tarable, Alberto, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Institute IMDEA Networks [Madrid], inTeRnet BEyond the usual (TRiBE ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT-CNR), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Denmark, Inria Saclay, NIC Chile Research Labs, University of Chile, IMDEA Software Institute, CNR - IEIIT, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Location Sampling, Human Mobility, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Enery Efficiency
Abstract: In recent years, mobile device tracking technologies based on various positioning systems have made location data collection an ubiquitous practice. Applications running on smartphones record location samples at different frequencies for varied purposes.The frequency at which location samples are recorded is usually pre-defined and fixed but can differ across applications; this naturally results in big location datasets of various resolutions. What is more, continuous recording of locations results usually in redundant information, as humans tend to spend significant amount of their time either static or in routine trips, and drains the battery of the recording device. In this paper, we aim at answering the question "at what frequency should one sample individual human movements so that they can be reconstructed from the collected samples with minimum loss of information?". Our analyses on fine-grained GPS trajectories from users around the world unveil (i) seemingly universal spectral properties of human mobility, and (ii) a linear scaling law of the localization error with respect to the sampling interval. Building on these results, we challenge the idea of a fixed sampling frequency and present a lightweight, energy efficient, mobility aware adaptive location sampling mechanism. Our mechanism can serve as a standalone application for adaptive location sampling, or as complimentary tool alongside auxiliary sensors (such as accelerometer and gyroscope). In this work, we implemented our mechanism as an application for mobile devices and tested it on mobile users worldwide. The results from our preliminary experiments show that our method adjusts the sampling frequency to the mobility habits of the tracked users, it reliably tracks a mobile user incurring acceptable approximation errors and significantly reduces the energy consumption of the mobile device.
Published: 2021

11. Effects of sampling intensity and biomass levels on the precision of acoustic surveys in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: MARCO BARRA, ANGELO BONANNO, TAREK HATTAB, CLAIRE SARAUX, MAGDALENA IGLESIAS5, IOLE LEONORI, VJEKOSLAV TIČINA, GUALTIERO BASILONE, ANDREA DE FELICE, ROSALIA FERRERI, ATHANASSIOS MACHIAS, ANA VENTERO, ILARIA COSTANTINI, TEA JURETIĆ, MARIA MYRTO PYROUNAKI, JEAN-HERVE BOURDEIX, DENIS GAŠPAREVIĆ, ZACHARIAS KAPELONIS, GIOVANNI CANDUCI, MARIANNA GIANNOULAKI, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Napoli] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Identification, Environmental Engineering, Anchovy engraulis-encrasicolus, Sardine, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Acoustic survey, spatial sampling efficiency, density-dependent effects, Mediterranean Sea, Uncertainty, Small pelagic fish, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Habitat, Abundance, Variables, Spatial sampling efficiency, 14. Life underwater, Recruitment, Spatial distributions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Density-dependent effects, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: WOS:000744169400002; International audience; Acoustic surveys represent the standard fishery-independent method worldwide for evaluating the biomass and spatial distribution of small pelagic fish populations. Considering the peculiarities of the spatial behaviour of pelagic fishes, the efficiency of the survey design in determining their biomass and spatial distribution is related to the ability to capture the portion of the patches accounting for a larger part of the total biomass. However, the spatial structure of the patches could be strongly influenced by ecosystem characteristics as well as by changes in total biomass related to a density-dependent mechanism. This is of particular interest for anchovies and sardines, which are known for their wide fluctuations and high sensitivity to the environment. In this study, we analysed the efficiency of acoustic surveys targeting European anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and European sardines (Sardina pilchardus) in 10 different areas of the Mediterranean Sea spanning three years of different biomass levels. Using the geostatistical coefficient of variation (CVgeo) of the average occurrence probability of high/medium density values, we showed different patterns in terms of survey design efficiency among areas and species. Anchovies usually showed a lower CVgeo than sardines in the Alboran Sea. In 4 out of 20 cases, CVgeo values showed a consistent decrease with increasing biomass, while in the remaining cases, the CVgeo did not follow any clear pattern, suggesting the presence of important environmental effects. Higher survey design efficiency was found in highly productive sectors influenced by river run-off, allowing us to hypothesize that higher productivity along with the presence of well-localized enrichment mechanisms could favour a spatially consistent distribution and coherent organization of fish populations, leading to higher precision estimates with a given transect design. While most surveys displayed CVgeo close to 10% or less even at low biomass, indicating generally good performances of the survey design, a few areas exhibited higher CVgeo, yielding a potential need to decrease the intertransect distance, always keeping in mind that any survey should be as synoptic as possible.
Published: 2021

12. A data set of sea surface stereo images to resolve space-time wave fields

Author: Pedro Guimarães, Jean-François Filipot, Jae-Seol Shim, Fabrice Ardhuin, Filippo Bergamasco, Alvise Benetazzo, Fabien Leckler, V. A. Dulov, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Ocean observations, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, open data, Context (language use), Library and Information Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Education, 3D wave fields, Space physics, Fluid dynamics, 14. Life underwater, Rogue wave, lcsh:Science, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010505 oceanography, Physical oceanography, Space time, Elevation, Breaking wave, extreme waves, Stereo vision, Computer Science Applications, Ocean surface topography, Stereo imaging, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni, Geology, Information Systems
Abstract: Stereo imaging of the sea surface elevation provides unique field data to investigate the geometry and dynamics of oceanic waves. Typically, this technique allows retrieving the 4-D ocean topography (3-D space + time) at high frequency (up to 15–20 Hz) over a sea surface region of area ~104 m2. Stereo data fill the existing wide gap between sea surface elevation time-measurements, like the local observation provided by wave-buoys, and large-scale ocean observations by satellites. The analysis of stereo images provides a direct measurement of the wavefield without the need of any linear-wave theory assumption, so it is particularly interesting to investigate the nonlinearities of the surface, wave-current interaction, rogue waves, wave breaking, air-sea interaction, and potentially other processes not explored yet. In this context, this open dataset aims to provide, for the first time, valuable stereo measurements collected in different seas and wave conditions to invite the ocean-wave scientific community to continue exploring these data and to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the sea surface dynamics., Measurement(s)stereo image • wave height • peak wave period • wave directionTechnology Type(s)Camera Device • computational modeling techniqueFactor Type(s)geographic locationSample Characteristic - Environmentsea surface layerSample Characteristic - LocationBlack Sea • Adriatic Sea • Yellow Sea • Iroise Sea Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12181158
Published: 2020

13. Towards an End-to-End Analysis and Prediction System for Weather, Climate, and Marine Applications in the Red Sea

Author: Siva Reddy Sanikommu, Samuel Kortas, Jose Carlos Sanchez-Garrido, Ashok Karumuri, Charls Antony, Yixin Wang, Fengchao Yao, Robert J. W. Brewin, Georgios Krokos, Hari Prasad Dasari, Mohamad Mazen Hittawe, Shubha Sathyendranath, Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih, Yesubabu Viswanadhapalli, Bruce D. Cornuelle, Sabique Langodan, Sarantis Sofianos, Mohammed Abed Hammoud, Omar M. Knio, Samah El Mohtar, Pierre F. J. Lermusiaux, Edriss S. Titi, Raju Attada, Daquan Guo, Shanas Razak, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Armin Köhl, Shehzad Afzal, T. R. Akylas, Marie-Fanny Racault, Kostas Tsiaras, Rui Sun, Ravi Kumar Kunchala, Luigi Cavaleri, George Zodiatis, Olivier Le Maitre, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Habib Toye, Leila Issa, George S. Triantafyllou, Trevor Platt, Mohamad El Gharamti, Jingyi Ma, Naila Mohammed Fathi Raboudi, Ivana Cerovecki, Yasser Abualnaja, Khaled Asfahani, Lily G C Genevier, Thang M. Luong, Lawrence J. Pratt, Elamurugu Alias Gokul, Srinivas Desamsetti, Ibrahim Hoteit, Bilel Hadri, Markus Hadwiger, Panagiotis Vasou, Issam Lakkis, Myrl C. Hendershott, Peng Zhan, Vassilis P. Papadopoulos, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Matthew R. Mazloff, John A. Gittings, Clint Dawson, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Saudi Aramco, University of Exeter, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, National Center for Medium Range Weather ForecastingNational Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Université d'Hyderabad, University of Hamburg, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Lebanese American University (LAU), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Uncertainty Quantification in Scientific Computing and Engineering (PLATON), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Texas A&M University [College Station], Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Coastal & Marine Research Laboratory, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Titi, Edriss [0000-0002-5004-1746], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13 Climate Action, Atmospheric Science, Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Prediction system, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, business, Biological oceanography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.
Published: 2020

14. A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: P. Laj, A. Bigi, C. Rose, E. Andrews, C. Lund Myhre, M. Collaud Coen, Y. Lin, A. Wiedensohler, M. Schulz, J. A. Ogren, M. Fiebig, J. Gliß, A. Mortier, M. Pandolfi, T. Petäja, S.-W. Kim, W. Aas, J.-P. Putaud, O. Mayol-Bracero, M. Keywood, L. Labrador, P. Aalto, E. Ahlberg, L. Alados Arboledas, A. Alastuey, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, S. Ausmeel, T. Arsov, E. Asmi, J. Backman, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, S. Conil, C. Couret, D. Day, W. Dayantolis, A. Degorska, K. Eleftheriadis, P. Fetfatzis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, A. Gregorič, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, J. Hand, A. Hoffer, C. Hueglin, R. K. Hooda, A. Hyvärinen, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, J. E. Kim, G. Kouvarakis, I. Kranjc, R. Krejci, M. Kulmala, C. Labuschagne, H.-J. Lee, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, G. Löschau, K. Luoma, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, N. A. Nguyen, J. Ondracek, N. Pérez, M. R. Perrone, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, N. Prats, A. Prenni, F. Reisen, S. Romano, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, M. Schütze, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, M. Steinbacher, J. Sun, G. Titos, B. Toczko, T. Tuch, P. Tulet, P. Tunved, V. Vakkari, F. Velarde, P. Velasquez, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, J. Yus-Diez, V. Zdimal, P. Zieger, N. Zikova, INAR Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), Environmental Radioactivity laboratory (ERL), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR)-National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Arctic Space Centre [Helsinki], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Department of Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), 10092390 - Beukes, Johan Paul, European Commission, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), CNR - National Research Council of Italy, University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Laj, P., Bigi, A., Rose, C., Andrews, E., Lund Myhre, C., Collaud Coen, M., Lin, Y., Wiedensohler, A., Schulz, M., A. Ogren, J., Fiebig, M., Gliss, J., Mortier, A., Pandolfi, M., Petaja, T., Kim, S. -W., Aas, W., Putaud, J. -P., Mayol-Bracero, O., Keywood, M., Labrador, L., Aalto, P., Ahlberg, E., Alados Arboledas, L., Alastuey, A., Andrade, M., Artinano, B., Ausmeel, S., Arsov, T., Asmi, E., Backman, J., Baltensperger, U., Bastian, S., Bath, O., Paul Beukes, J., T. Brem, B., Bukowiecki, N., Conil, S., Couret, C., Day, D., Dayantolis, W., Degorska, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Fetfatzis, P., Favez, O., Flentje, H., I. Gini, M., Gregoric, A., Gysel-Beer, M., Gannet Hallar, A., Hand, J., Hoffer, A., Hueglin, C., K. Hooda, R., Hyvarinen, A., Kalapov, I., Kalivitis, N., Kasper-Giebl, A., Eun Kim, J., Kouvarakis, G., Kranjc, I., Krejci, R., Kulmala, M., Labuschagne, C., Lee, H. -J., Lihavainen, H., Lin, N. -H., Loschau, G., Luoma, K., Marinoni, A., Martins Dos Santos, S., Meinhardt, F., Merkel, M., Metzger, J. -M., Mihalopoulos, N., Anh Nguyen, N., Ondracek, J., Perez, N., Rita Perrone, M., Pichon, J. -M., Picard, D., Pont, V., Prats, N., Prenni, A., Reisen, F., Romano, S., Sellegri, K., Sharma, S., Schauer, G., Sheridan, P., Patrick Sherman, J., Schutze, M., Schwerin, A., Sohmer, R., Sorribas, M., Steinbacher, M., Sun, J., Titos, G., Toczko, B., Tuch, T., Tulet, P., Tunved, P., Vakkari, V., Velarde, F., Velasquez, P., Villani, P., Vratolis, S., Wang, S. -H., Weinhold, K., Weller, R., Yela, M., Yus-Diez, J., Zdimal, V., Zieger, P., and Zikova, N.
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, 1171 Geosciences, Atmospheric Science, Eearth radiation balance, PARTICLE NUMBER, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Meteorology, VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, PARTICULATE MATTER, Solar radiation, Cloud condensation nuclei, lcsh:TA170-171, ORGANIC AEROSOL, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS, lcsh:TA715-787, Global Atmosphere Watch, REGIONAL BACKGROUND SITES, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Aerosol particles, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, Albedo, Particulates, RADIATIVE PROPERTIES, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS, BLACK CARBON, Environmental science, Trollobservatoriet, Global Climate Monitoring System
Abstract: Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most greenhouse gases, aerosol particles have short atmospheric residence times, resulting in a highly heterogeneous distribution in space and time. There is a clear need to document this variability at regional scale through observations involving, in particular, the in situ near-surface segment of the atmospheric observation system. This paper will provide the widest effort so far to document variability of climate-relevant in situ aerosol properties (namely wavelength dependent particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle number concentration and particle number size distribution) from all sites connected to the Global Atmosphere Watch network. High-quality data from almost 90 stations worldwide have been collected and controlled for quality and are reported for a reference year in 2017, providing a very extended and robust view of the variability of these variables worldwide. The range of variability observed worldwide for light scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and particle number concentration are presented together with preliminary information on their long-term trends and comparison with model simulation for the different stations. The scope of the present paper is also to provide the necessary suite of information, including data provision procedures, quality control and analysis, data policy, and usage of the ground-based aerosol measurement network. It delivers to users of the World Data Centre on Aerosol, the required confidence in data products in the form of a fully characterized value chain, including uncertainty estimation and requirements for contributing to the global climate monitoring system., European Commission Joint Research Centre 654109, European ERDF funds through different Spanish R&D projects of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, NorthWest University, University of Helsinki, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas 269095 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Ministry of Research, France, French Ministry of the Environment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315 CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329 REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, European Union (EU) CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) MIS 5021516, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, NSRF, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS; Swedish Research Council (VR), Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2020

15. Exploiting multi-objective parallel extremal optimization features in dynamic load balancing

Author: Eryk Laskowski, Richard Olejnik, Umberto Scafuri, Ernesto Tarantino, Ivanoe De Falco, Marek Tudruj, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, CNR, Naples, Italy, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institue of Computer Science [Pologne], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Extremal optimization, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, parallel extremal optimization, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Function (mathematics), processor load balancing, Load balancing (computing), 01 natural sciences, Multi-objective optimization, Data flow diagram, ACM: D.: Software/D.1: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, Task (computing), multi-objective optimization, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This paper is focused on the methodology for using the parallel multi-objective Extremal Optimization in load balancing algorithms for distributed systems. In the proposed approach, parallel multi-objective Extremal Optimization algorithms define task migration as a means for processor load balancing. In the studied algorithms three objectives relevant to distributed processor load balancing are used as global fitness functions: the function dealing with the computational load imbalance in execution of application tasks on processors, the function concerned with the communication between tasks placed on distributed computing nodes and the function concerned with the task migration number. Internal properties of the proposed multi-objective Extremal Optimization algorithms have been discussed. A number of such algorithms with different composition of global and local fitness functions have been presented and verified by simulation experiments. The performed comparative experiments concerned execution of distributed programs represented as macro data flow graphs. Their parallel execution speed-up was discussed based on different best solution search methods such as compromise approach, lexicographic approach and hybrid approach. The obtained results have shown that the parallel multi-objective Extremal Optimization algorithms used in load balancing have visibly improved the quality of execution of the tested program graphs.
Published: 2020

16. Dynamic Load Balancing Based on Multi-Objective Extremal optimization

Author: Ivanoe De Falco, Umberto Scafuri, Marek Tudruj, Ernesto Tarantino, Eryk Laskowski, Richard Olejnik, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, CNR, Naples, Italy, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institue of Computer Science [Pologne], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)
Subjects: Extremal optimization, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Pareto principle, 02 engineering and technology, Load balancing (computing), Multi-objective optimization, Electronic mail, Data flow diagram, Load management, multi-objective optimization, extremal optimization, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Process control, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], dynamic load balancing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Multi-objective algorithms based on nature-inspired approach of Extremal optimization (EO) used in distributed processor load balancing have been studied in the paper. EO defines task migration aiming at processor load balancing in execution of graph-represented distributed programs. In the multi-objective EO approach, three objectives relevant to distributed processor load balancing are simultaneously controlled: the function dealing with the computational load imbalance in execution of application tasks on processors, the function concerned with the communication between tasks placed on distinct computing nodes and the function related to the task migration number. An important aspect of the proposed multiobjective approach is the method for selecting the best solutions from the Pareto set. Pareto front analysis based on compromise solution approach, lexicographic approach and hybrid approach (lexicographic + numerical threshold) has been performed in dependence on the program graph features, the executive system characteristics and the experimental setting. The algorithms are assessed by simulation experiments with macro data flow graphs of programs run in distributed systems. The experiments have shown that the multi-objective EO approach included into the load balancing algorithms visibly improves the quality of program execution.
Published: 2020

17. A framework to assess the quality and impact of bioinformatics training across ELIXIR

Author: Eija Korpelainen, Allegra Via, Marko Vidak, Brane Leskošek, Lee Larcombe, Louisa J. Bellis, Mateusz Kuzak, Loredana Le Pera, Patricia M. Palagi, Paula Martinez, Celia W.G. van Gelder, Sarah L. Morgan, Tuur Muyldermans, Jessica M. Lindvall, Gabriella Rustici, Kim T. Gurwitz, Hedi Peterson, Alexander Botzki, Roland Krause, Fotis Psomopoulos, Victoria Dominguez Del Angel, Balint L. Balint, Ståle Nygård, Diana Marek, Eva Alloza, Daniel Wibberg, Pedro Fernandes, Prakash Singh Gaur, Jure Dimec, Vojtech Spiwok, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Department of Genetics [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh-Western General Hospital, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana -University of Ljubljana, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd, Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences [Utrecht], Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies ( IBIOM), Institute of Biomembranes, National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy (CNR), National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University-Stockholm University-Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University-Stockholm University, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Informatics [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Computer Science [University of Tartu, Estonie], University of Tartu, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, European Commission within the Research Infrastructures programme of Horizon 2020 676559, Gurwitz, Kim T [0000-0003-1992-5073], Singh Gaur, Prakash [0000-0003-3272-628X], Bellis, Louisa J [0000-0001-9581-870X], Larcombe, Lee [0000-0003-3150-6445], Alloza, Eva [0000-0001-8385-9336], Botzki, Alexander [0000-0001-6691-4233], Dimec, Jure [0000-0002-9525-9028], Dominguez Del Angel, Victoria [0000-0002-5514-6651], Fernandes, Pedro L [0000-0003-2124-0241], Krause, Roland [0000-0001-9938-7126], Kuzak, Mateusz [0000-0003-0087-6021], Le Pera, Loredana [0000-0002-0076-9878], Leskošek, Brane [0000-0001-5202-2349], Lindvall, Jessica M [0000-0002-5042-8481], Marek, Diana [0000-0002-9812-6351], Martinez, Paula A [0000-0002-8990-1985], Muyldermans, Tuur [0000-0002-3926-7293], Palagi, Patricia M [0000-0001-9062-6303], Peterson, Hedi [0000-0001-9951-5116], Psomopoulos, Fotis [0000-0002-0222-4273], Spiwok, Vojtech [0000-0001-8108-2033], van Gelder, Celia WG [0000-0002-0223-2329], Vidak, Marko [0000-0001-7901-3936], Wibberg, Daniel [0000-0002-1331-4311], Morgan, Sarah L [0000-0001-9528-8323], Rustici, Gabriella [0000-0003-3085-1271], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Program evaluation, Biomedical Research, Databases, Factual, Economics, Computer science, Social Sciences, Surveys, Bioinformatics, Geographical Locations, Computational biology, Database and Informatics Methods, Software Pipelines, Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres [F99] [Sciences du vivant], User-Computer Interface, Software, 0302 clinical medicine, Information processing, Biology (General), computer.programming_language, media_common, training, Careers, Ecology, ELIXIR Training Platform, Member states, Data Collection, FOS: Social sciences, bioinformatics, Research Assessment, Elixir, Research Personnel, Europe, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Research Design, Modeling and Simulation, impact, Elixir (programming language), Curriculum, Algorithms, Employment, Quality Control, Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Bioinformàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Information storage and retrieval systems, Computer and Information Sciences, Education, Continuing, quality assessment, QH301-705.5, media_common.quotation_subject, Multidisciplinary, general & others [F99] [Life sciences], Research and Analysis Methods, Education, Instruction Pipelines, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Data visualization, Modelling and Simulation, Computational Techniques, Bioinformatica, Genetics, Relevance (information retrieval), Quality (business), [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Survey Research, Data collection, Impact assessment, Data Visualization, Sustainability science, Computational Pipelines, Computational Biology, Reproducibility of Results, ELIXIR, 030104 developmental biology, Labor Economics, People and Places, Portfolio, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Program Evaluation
Abstract: ELIXIR is a pan-European intergovernmental organisation for life science that aims to coordinate bioinformatics resources in a single infrastructure across Europe; bioinformatics training is central to its strategy, which aims to develop a training community that spans all ELIXIR member states. In an evidence-based approach for strengthening bioinformatics training programmes across Europe, the ELIXIR Training Platform, led by the ELIXIR EXCELERATE Quality and Impact Assessment Subtask in collaboration with the ELIXIR Training Coordinators Group, has implemented an assessment strategy to measure quality and impact of its entire training portfolio. Here, we present ELIXIR’s framework for assessing training quality and impact, which includes the following: specifying assessment aims, determining what data to collect in order to address these aims, and our strategy for centralised data collection to allow for ELIXIR-wide analyses. In addition, we present an overview of the ELIXIR training data collected over the past 4 years. We highlight the importance of a coordinated and consistent data collection approach and the relevance of defining specific metrics and answer scales for consortium-wide analyses as well as for comparison of data across iterations of the same course. ELIXIR-EXCELERATE is funded by the European Commission within the Research Infrastructures programme of Horizon 2020, grant agreement number 676559 (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/researchinfrastructures). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Published: 2020

18. Neural network analysis to evaluate ozone damage to vegetation under different climatic conditions

Author: Flavia Savi, Eiko Nemitz, Mhairi Coyle, Matt Aitkenhead, Kfa Frumau, Giacomo Gerosa, Angelo Finco, Carten Gruening, Ignacio Goded, Benjamin Loubet, Patrick Stella, Taaina Ruuskanen, T. Weidinger, L. Horvath, Terenzio Zenone, Silvano Fares, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), The James Hutton Institute, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] (Unicatt), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), University of Helsinki, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), Szent István University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Staff Services, and INAR Physics
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FLUX MEASUREMENTS, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, CARBON-DIOXIDE, forest, lcsh:Forestry, DEPOSITION, lcsh:Environmental sciences, media_common, lcsh:GE1-350, tropospheric ozone, Global and Planetary Change, 4112 Forestry, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Phenology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Forestry, climate change, GROWTH, RISK-ASSESSMENT, artificial neural networks, Pollution, net ecosystem exchange, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, Eddy covariance, Climate change, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Shrubland, Atmospheric Sciences, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecosystem, Tropospheric ozone, effects, Settore FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Pollutant, geography, 15. Life on land, ozone fluxes, CO2 fluxes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, lcsh:SD1-669.5, Environmental science, ECOSYSTEM, european forest, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, stomatal deposition, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract: Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is probably the air pollutant most damaging to vegetation. Understanding how plants respond to O(3)pollution under different climate conditions is of central importance for predicting the interactions between climate change, ozone impact and vegetation. This work analyses the effect of O(3)fluxes on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), measured directly at the ecosystem level with the eddy covariance (EC) technique. The relationship was explored with artificial neural networks (ANNs), which were used to model NEP using environmental and phenological variables as inputs in addition to stomatal O(3)uptake in Spring and Summer, when O(3)pollution is expected to be highest. A sensitivity analysis allowed us to isolate the effect of O-3, visualize the shape of the O-3-NEP functional relationship and explore how climatic variables affect NEP response to O-3. This approach has been applied to eleven ecosystems covering a range of climatic areas. The analysis highlighted that O(3)effects over NEP are highly non-linear and site-specific. A significant but small NEP reduction was found during Spring in a Scottish shrubland (-0.67%), in two Italian forests (up to -1.37%) and during Summer in a Californian orange orchard (-1.25%). Although the overall seasonal effect of O(3)on NEP was not found to be negative for the other sites, with episodic O(3)detrimental effect still identified. These episodes were correlated with meteorological variables showing that O(3)damage depends on weather conditions. By identifying O(3)damage under field conditions and the environmental factors influencing to that damage, this work provides an insight into O(3)pollution, climate and weather conditions.
Published: 2020

19. CW Operation of a Tunable 1550-nm VCSEL Integrating Liquid-Crystal Microcells

Author: Cyril Paranthoen, S. Pes, Pierluigi Debernardi, Thierry Camps, Véronique Bardinal, K. Tavernier, Sophie Bouchoule, Christophe Levallois, Laurent Dupont, Benjamin Boisnard, B. Sadani, Mehdi Alouini, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Optique (IMT Atlantique - OPT), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), French National Research Agency (ANR), ANR-14-ASTR-0007,HYPOCAMP,Lasers à cavités verticales accordables hybrides , contrôlées en polarisation et entièrement monolithiques pour la conception systèmes optiques et micro-ondes embarqués et compacts.(2014), ANR-15-CE19-0012,DOCT-VCSEL,Tomographie par Cohérence Optique portable à source accordable MEMS-VCSEL pour l'analyse de la peau(2015), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT-CNR), and Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Optical pumping, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Liquid crystal, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Semiconductor lasers, Birefringence, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, Liquid crystal devices, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, business, Lasing threshold, Refractive index
Abstract: International audience; An InP-based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting 1 Laser (VCSEL) with a liquid crystal (LC) microcell monolithically integrated on its surface for spectral tuning is investigated. Unlike tunable VCSELs integrating a movable membrane, here the physical length of the cavity remains unchanged and only the voltage applied on the LC ensures a refractive index modification for a particular polarization emitted by the VCSEL. This tunable VCSEL operates in CW at room temperature and exhibits more than 23 nm wavelength tuning around 1.55 µm at a maximum applied voltage of 20 V. The measured laser threshold around 6.5 mW is still comparable to VCSEL without LC microcell, a clear indication that the optical losses related to the LC are very low. On the other hand, for this first optically pumped device, the lasing characteristics suggest that the LC birefringence is lower than expected. To assess this hypothesis, thermo-optical simulations have been conducted.
Published: 2020

20. WRF Sensitivity Analysis in Wind and Temperature Fields Simulation for the Northern Sahara and the Mediterranean Basin

Author: Elisa Canepa, Jacques Piazzola, Christophe Yohia, Mauro Morichetti, Enrico Mancinelli, Giorgio Passerini, Simone Virgili, Tathy Missamou, Umberto Rizza, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Lecce] (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Genova] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Planetary boundary layer, natural aerosols emission, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Mineral dust, lcsh:QC851-999, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Wind speed, Surface layer, sea spray, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mineral dust, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Sea spray, WRF model, nudging technique, 13. Climate action, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology
Abstract: International audience; Different configurations for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were evaluated to improve wind and temperature fields predictions in the Northern Sahara and the Mediterranean basin. Eight setups, associated with different combinations of the surface layer physical parameters, the land surface model, and the grid nudging parameters, were considered. Numerical simulations covered the entire month of November 2017. Model results were compared with surface data from meteorological stations. The introduction of the grid nudging parameters leads to a general improvement of the modeled 10 m wind speed and 2 m temperature. In particular, nudging of wind speed parameter inside the planetary boundary layer (PBL) provides the most remarkable differences. In contrast, the nudging of temperature and relative humidity parameters inside the PBL may be switched off to reduce computational time and data storage. Furthermore, it was shown that the prediction of the 10 m wind speed and 2 m temperature is quite sensitive to the choice of the surface layer scheme and the land surface model. This paper provides useful suggestions to improve the setup of the WRF model in the Northern Sahara and the Mediterranean basin. These results are also relevant for topics related with the emission of mineral dust and sea spray within the Mediterranean region.
Published: 2020

21. Detecting infiltrated water and preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys

Author: Simone Di Prima, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Giorgio Capello, Mario Pirastru, Thierry Winiarski, Majdi Abou Najm, Ryan D. Stewart, Filippo Giadrossich, Mirko Castellini, Marcella Biddoccu, Laurent Lassabatere, Domenico Ventrella, Agricultural Department, University of Sassari, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Plantan and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines, and CNR - National Research Council of Italy
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, GPR, infiltrometer, Nonuniform flow, Soil science, non-Newtonian fluid, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Environmental Chemistry, Infiltrometer, nonuniform flow, Radar, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Direct observation, Preferential flow, Pollution, Infiltration (hydrology), wetting zone, Soil water, Ground-penetrating radar, water infiltration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this paper was to identify the incidence and extent of preferential flow at two experimental areas located in Lyon, France. We used time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with automatized single-ring infiltration experiments to create three-dimensional (3D) representations of infiltrated water. In total we established three 100 cm × 100 cm GPR grids and used differenced radargrams from pre- and post-infiltration surveys to detect wetting patterns. The analyzed time-lapse GPR surveys revealed the linkage between nonuniform flow and heterogeneous soil structures and plant roots. At the first experimental area, subsurface coarse gravels acted as capillary barriers that concentrated flow into narrow pathways via funneled flow. At the second experimental area, the interpolated 3D patterns closely matched direct observation of dyed patterns, thereby validating the applied protocol. They also highlighted the important role of plant roots in facilitating preferential water movement through the subsurface. The protocol presented in this study represents a valuable tool for improving the hydraulic characterization of highly heterogeneous soils, while also alleviating some of the excessive experimental efforts currently needed to detect preferential flow pathways in the field.
Published: 2019

22. Distributed Processor Load Balancing Based on Multi-objective Extremal Optimization

Author: Ivanoe De Falco 1, Eryk Laskowski 2, Richard Olejnik 3, Umberto Scafuri 1, Ernesto Tarantino 1, Marek Tudruj 2, 4, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, CNR, Naples, Italy, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institue of Computer Science [Pologne], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), in: Montella R., Ciaramella A., Fortino G., Guerrieri A., Liotta A. (eds), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)
Subjects: Extremal optimization, Extremal Optimization, Message passing multiprocessor, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Parallel computing, Load balancing (computing), 01 natural sciences, Multi-objective optimization, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Data flow diagram, Single objective, ACM: D.: Software/D.1: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, 0103 physical sciences, ACM: D.: Software/D.2: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Processor load balancing, Macro, Nature inspired, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Distributed program modelling
Abstract: International audience; The paper proposes and discusses distributed processor load balancing algorithms which are based on nature inspired approach of multi-objective Extremal Optimization. Extremal Optimization is used for defining task migration aiming at processor load balancing in execution of graph-represented distributed programs. The analysed multi-objective algorithms are based on three or four criteria selected from the following four choices: the balance of computational loads of processors in the system, the minimal total volume of application data transfers between processors, the number of task migrations during program execution and the influence of task migrations on computational load imbalance and the communication volume. The quality of the resulting load balancing is assessed by simulation of the execution of the distributed program macro data flow graphs, including all steps of the load balancing algorithm. It is done following the event-driven model in a simulator of a message passing multiprocessor system. The experimental comparison of the multi-objective load balancing to the single objective algorithms demonstrated the superiority of the multi-objective approach.
Published: 2019

23. Tephrochronology of a ~ 70 ka-long marine record in the Marsili Basin (southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

Author: Mario Sprovieri, Donatella Insinga, N. Pelosi, C. Laj, Stella Tamburrino, Lucilla Capotondi, Catherine Kissel, Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oxygen stratigraphy, Tephra, Aeolian Arc, Brown Tuffs, Y-1, Y-6, Y-7, Pyroclastic rock, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, Sequence (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, law, 14. Life underwater, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geophysics, Oceanography, Stratigraphy, Volcano, Tephrochronology, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: A sequence of tephra layers is studied in a 13.9 m-long deep-sea core (MD01-2474G) from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The chronology of the succession is provided by a high-resolution age-depth model based on isotope stratigraphy and AMS radiocarbon dating, which place the succession of events in a time interval spanning the last 70 ka. Based on a precise chronological framework and proximal-distal correlations, the Y-1, Y-6 and Y-7 main marker tephras were identified. Compositional data on fresh micro-pumice or glass shards of selected tephras were correlated with the coeval volcanic activity of Aeolian Arc (Vulcano and Salina), Mt. Etna, Phlegrean Fields Pantelleria and Ischia. The tephra sequence contains a number of deposits documenting recurrent activity on Vulcano Island at ca. 6.9 ka BP (MD3), ca. 16.7 ka BP (MD11), ca. 23.2 ka BP (MD14), ca. 29.6 ka BP (MD15), ca. 36.9 ka BP (MD22) and ca. 42.5 ka BP (MD27). The results presented in this study improve the southern Tyrrhenian Sea tephrostratigraphic framework and provide new insights into chemistry and dispersal area of Aeolian Arc pyroclastic deposits in this sector of the Central Mediterranean.
Published: 2016

24. Complete Trajectory Reconstruction from Sparse Mobile Phone Data

Author: Chen, Guangshuo, Carneiro Viana, Aline, Fiore, Marco, Sarraute, Carlos, INFormation NEtworks (INFINE-POST), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), inTeRnet BEyond the usual (TRiBE ), Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT-CNR), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), Grandata [Buenos Aires], CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], location predictability, seamless trajectory reconstruction, data enrichment, lcsh:R858-859.7, human mobility, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, trajectory unicity, mobile phone dataset
Abstract: International audience; Mobile phone data are a popular source of positioning information in many recent studies that have largely improved our understanding of human mobility. These data consist of time-stamped and geo-referenced communication events recorded by network operators, on a per-subscriber basis. They allow for unprecedented tracking of populations of millions of individuals over long periods that span months. Nevertheless, due to the uneven processes that govern mobile communications, the sampling of user locations provided by mobile phone data tends to be sparse and irregular in time, leading to substantial gaps in the resulting trajectory information. In this paper, we illustrate the severity of the problem through an empirical study of a large-scale Call Detail Records (CDR) dataset. We then propose Context-enhanced Trajectory Reconstruction, a new technique that hinges on tensor factorization as a core method to complete individual CDR-based trajectories. The proposed solution infers missing locations with a median displacement within two network cells from the actual position of the user, on an hourly basis and even when as little as 1% of her original mobility is known. Our approach lets us revisit seminal works in the light of complete mobility data, unveiling potential biases that incomplete trajectories obtained from legacy CDR induce on key results about human mobility laws, trajectory uniqueness, and movement predictability.
Published: 2019

25. Coral Li/Mg thermometry: Caveats and constraints

Author: Marco Taviani, Louise Bordier, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Claudio Mazzoli, Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet, Paolo Montagna, Malcolm T. McCulloch, Simonepietro Canese, Peter Scott, Eric Douville, Stéphanie Reynaud, Julie Trotter, Aleksey Sadekov, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Denis Allemand, Serguei Damián Rico-Esenaro, Kristan Cuny-Guirriec, Marine Canesi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biology Department - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Italian National Institute of Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), School of Earth and Environment (UWA), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coral, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Porites, Mineralogy, Caryophyllia, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Li/Mg, chemistry.chemical_compound, scleractinian corals, Li/Mg, paleo-temperature proxy, organic matter, calcite contamination, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, calcite contamination, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Madrepora oculata, organic matter, chemistry.chemical_classification, Calcite, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, biology, Aragonite, Geology, biology.organism_classification, paleo-temperature proxy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Seawater, scleractinian corals
Abstract: The coral Li/Mg temperature proxy is revisited through an in-depth trace element analysis of scleractinians collected live from tropical to polar environments. The dataset consists of Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Li/Mg ratios from 64 coral specimens belonging to 8 different taxa, including both reef-building zooxanthellate and cold-water non-zooxanthellate species, from a wide range of water temperature (-1 to 29.5 degrees C), salinity (34.71 to 38.61), and depth (3 to 670m). Our results showed that the reliability of the Li/Mg temperature proxy is strongly limited by the organic matter associated with the coral skeleton, which is most evident within the green bands observed in tropical corals. Organic-rich bands can double the Mg content otherwise present in the skeleton, which may ultimately lead to a temperature overestimation exceeding 15 degrees C. We found that this bias can be overcome by the treatment of coral skeletons with a specific oxidizing cleaning protocol. We also detected the presence of calcite deposits within the aragonite skeleton of some Antarctic living coral specimens, which strongly affects the robustness of the Li/Mg proxy given its temperature sensitivity of similar to 1.5 degrees C/1% calcite. Therefore, to obtain reliable reconstructions a correction needs to be applied when organic matter and/or calcite contamination is present, which requires the scrupulous assessment of the integrity of the aragonite prior to geochemical analyses. Given that some species entrap more organic matter than others, and that some are more prone to calcite contamination, a taxon-related effect is apparent. Here we show that the tropical species Porites spp., Pseudodiploria strigosa and Orbicella annularis, and the cold-water species Madrepora oculata, Caryophyllia antarctica and Flabellum impensum, are all suitable candidates for reconstructing seawater temperatures. The integrated results across a wide temperature range, from extreme cold to tropical shallow waters, yield an overall precision for the Li/Mg-temperature proxy of +/- 1.0 degrees C, as quantified by the standard error of estimates. If calculated from the 95% prediction intervals, the uncertainty of the temperature estimates is +/- 0.9 degrees C at 1 degrees C, +/- 1.5 degrees C at 12 degrees C and +/- 2.6 degrees C at 25 degrees C. However, the uncertainty for the tropical corals (e.g. Porites) can be reduced to +/- 0.6 degrees C if a Li/Mg and Sr/Ca multi-regression approach is applied.
Published: 2019

26. Climate variability of the last ~2700 years in the Southern Adriatic Sea: Coccolithophore evidences

Author: Fabrizio Lirer, Sabine Schmidt, Nicola Pelosi, Antonio Cascella, Sergio Bonomo, Bassem Jalali, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Pisa (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Napoli] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Unité GEOGLOB, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax-Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare 'Alberto Monroy' (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coccolithophore, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, reworked coccoliths, coccolithophorid primary productivity, 01 natural sciences, primary productivity, Mediterranean sea, central Mediterranean, South Adriatic Sea, central Mediterranean, reworked coccoliths, last millennia, coccolithophorid primary productivity, coccolithophores, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, Paleontology, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, last millennia, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, South Adriatic Sea, Calcareous, coccolithophores, Geology
Abstract: New information on palaeoenvironmental conditions over the past ~2700 years in the Central Mediterranean Sea have been acquired through the high-resolution study of calcareous nannofossils preserved in the sediment core SW104-ND14Q recovered in the Southern Adriatic Sea (SAS) at 1013-m water depth. The surface water properties at this open SAS site are sensitive to atmospheric forcing (acting both at local and regional scale) and the North Ionian Sea driven inflowing waters. Our data show a relationship between reworked coccolith abundances, flood frequency across the Southern Alps and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) confirming their value as indicator of runoff/precipitation. Changes in the abundance of the opportunistic (r-strategist) speciesEmiliania huxleyiand deep dweller taxaFlorisphaera profundawere used to reconstruct the upper water column stratification and associated changes in coccolithophorid productivity. The negative correlation between reworked coccoliths and the N-Ratio (r= −0.44;p= 6−7) suggest that fresh water induced stratification is a controlling factor of the SAS coccolithophorid production. High coccolithophorid productivity levels occurred during dry periods and/or time intervals of inflowing salty and nutrient-rich Levantine Intermediate Waters favouring convection while lower levels took place during high freshwater discharge, mainly during the ‘Little Ice Age’ and two centennial scale intervals of weakest NAO around 200 BCE and 500 CE.
Published: 2019

27. U/Th dating records of cold-water coral colonization in submarine canyons and adjacent sectors of the southern Adriatic Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author: Edwige Pons-Branchu, Lorenzo Angeletti, Ina Nasto, Paolo Montagna, Marco Taviani, Federica Foglini, Cesare Corselli, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CONISMA, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Vlora 'Ismail Qemali', Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Taviani, M, Angeletti, L, Foglini, F, Corselli, C, Nasto, I, Pons-Branchu, E, Montagna, P, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canyons, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coral, Canyon, Submarine canyon, Aquatic Science, Mediterranean, GEO/01 - PALEONTOLOGIA E PALEOECOLOGIA, Cold-water coral, 01 natural sciences, Lophelia, 14. Life underwater, Younger Dryas, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, U/Th dating, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Madrepora oculata, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Last Glacial Maximum, Sapropel S1, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Southern Adriatic Sea, Geology, North Adriatic Dense Water, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Thermohaline circulation
Abstract: The deep southern Adriatic Sea is home of widespread cold-water coral colonization (Madrepora oculata, Lophelia pertusa, Desmophyllum dianthus) which is at present limited by large to its western (Apulian) margin and central part, including the Bari Canyon system. On the contrary, the eastern side is today almost deprived of significant coral growth and this asymmetrical distribution has been ascribed primarily to the action of the North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW) that impinges more efficiently on the Apulian margin. The collection of subfossil specimens of M. oculata, L. pertusa and D. dianthus provided the very first dates for cold-water coral colonization along the eastern margin. Once combined with known distribution of live cold-water corals and fossil occurrences in the southern Adriatic Sea, uranium-series dating provides evidence of (i) coral presence in the southeastern Adriatic during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), followed by (ii) a time of basin-wide colonization after the post-Last Glacial Maximum and encompassing the Younger Dryas, (iii) another time of undocumented coral presence with the onset of Sapropel S1. Perturbations of the thermohaline circulation in this sector of the Mediterranean basin might have governed the presence and demise of the resident cold-water coral populations interfering with strength and trajectories of main water masses. It is hypothesized that the achievement of the current asymmetrical distribution did occur since the end of S1 protracting to present time. The post-S1 reorganization likely brought to the current hydrological situation where the influence of NAdDW prevails in the western side and corals are doing at best on its trajectory. The scarcity of datable material makes the proposed scenario open to debate and in need of further supporting evidence.
Published: 2019

28. U-Th and radiocarbon dating of calcite speleothems from gypsum caves (Emilia Romagna, North Italy)

Author: Paolo Montagna, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Andrea Columbu, Jon Woodhead, Quan Hua, John Hellstrom, Jian-xin Zhao, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Russell N. Drysdale, Université de Bologne, University of Melbourne, School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, University of Minnesota System, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Radiogenic Isotope Facility - School of Earth Sciences, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Andrea Columbu, Russell Drysdale, John Hellstrom, Jon Woodhead, Hai Cheng, Quan Hua, Jian-xin Zhao, Paolo Montagna, Edwige Pons-Branchu, R. Lawrence Edwards, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Speleothems, U-Th dating, Radiocarbon, Evaporite karst: Gypsum caves, Palaeoclimate, Stalagmite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cave, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, Evaporite karst: Gypsum caves, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, U-Th dating, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Karst, Radiocarbon, Speleothems, chemistry, Interglacial, Radiometric dating
Abstract: High-resolution U-Th and 14C dating of two calcite flowstones (RTf: Last Interglacial; RTy: Late Holocene) from the Re Tiberio – Monte Tondo karst system (North Italy) is presented to investigate the palaeoclimate potential of speleothems from gypsum caves. To date, there is a lack of information regarding the dating potential of calcite speleothems that have grown in such gypsum karst environment (e.g. no pseudokarst). High-resolution U-Th dating, aimed at establishing if these speleothems can provide robust radiometric age sequences, is first presented. Although both samples show promise for reliable radiometric dating, about 20% of the ages in the RTf dataset were excluded from the age-model as outliers. These outliers are best explained by post-depositional diagenetic processes affecting the U-Th system rather than anything specific to gypsum karst environment conditions. In contrast, outliers were not detected in the RTy sample, but U-Th analysis was not able to constrain its relatively young age (∼600 years before present, B.P.). Consequently, radiocarbon measurements were undertaken, and combined with the U-Th ages to build an age-model. The latter allowed the estimation of “dead carbon fraction” (DCF), which yields a constant value through time, and a magnitude comparable to other sites where climate is similar to Monte Tondo. Soils were considered the main source of carbon, because bedrock dissolution acted predominantly under open-system conditions, and soil organic matter (SOM) turnover rate appears above average compared to sites studied elsewhere.
Published: 2019

29. The Global High Frequency Radar Network

Author: Charles-Antoine Guérin, Jian-Wu Lai, Siriluk Prukpitikul, Kevin Bartlett, Annalisa Griffa, Peter Rogowski, Simone Cosoli, Brian Whitehouse, Thomas Cook, Carlo Mantovani, Lisa Hazard, Emma Reyes, Eric Terrill, John L. Largier, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Mark Otero, Julien Mader, Jack Harlan, Birgit Hansen, Sang Ho Lee, Jorge Sanchez, Stephan T. Grilli, Lorenzo Corgnati, Scott Glenn, Pablo Lorente, Doug George, Kelly Johanna Saavedra-Matta, Lucy R. Wyatt, Anna Rubio, Naoto Ebuchi, X. Flores-Vidal, Hugh Roarty, Dept Ecol Evol Biol, Univ California SC (EEB-UCSC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield] (SoMaS), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Organismo publico puertos del estado, AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Genova] (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Organismo P\'{u}blico Puertos del Estado (PdE), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Xerox Research Centre Europe [Meylan], Xerox Company, Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Rhode Island (URI), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, remote sensing, high frequency radar, ocean currents, waves, tsunami, boundary currents, ocean observing system, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 14. Life underwater, Radar, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Coastal hazards, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Data sharing, Ocean dynamics, Ocean surface topography, 13. Climate action, Remote sensing (archaeology), Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Group on Earth Observations
Abstract: Academic, government, and private organizations from around the globe have established High Frequency radar (hereinafter, HFR) networks at regional or national levels. Partnerships have been established to coordinate and collaborate on a single global HFR network (http://global-hfradar.org/ ). These partnerships were established in 2012 as part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) to promote HFR technology and increase data sharing among operators and users. The main product of HFR networks are continuous maps of ocean surface currents within 200 km of the coast at high spatial (1-6 km) and temporal resolution (hourly or higher). Cutting-edge remote sensing technologies are becoming a standard component for ocean observing systems, contributing to the paradigm shift towards ocean monitoring. In 2017 the Global HFR Network was recognized by the Joint Technical WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) as an observing network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). In this paper we will discuss the development of the network as well as establishing goals for the future. The U.S. High Frequency Radar Network (HFRNet) has been in operation for over thirteen years, with radar data being ingested from 31 organizations including measurements from Canada and Mexico. HFRNet currently holds a collection from over 150 radar installations totaling millions of records of surface ocean velocity measurements. During the past 10 years in Europe, HFR networks have been showing steady growth with over 60 stations currently deployed and many in the planning stage. In Asia and Oceania countries, more than 110 radar stations are in operation. HFR technology can be found in a wide range of applications: for marine safety, oil spill response, tsunami warning, pollution assessment, coastal zone management, tracking environmental change, numerical model simulation of 3-dimensional circulation, and research to generate new understanding of coastal ocean dynamics, depending mainly on each country's coastal sea characteristics. These radar networks are examples of national inter-agency and inter-institutional partnerships for improving oceanographic research and operations. As global partnerships grow, these collaborations and improved data sharing enhances our ability to respond to regional, national, and global environmental and management issues.
Published: 2019

30. Speleoseismological Constraints on Ground Shaking Threshold and Seismogenic Sources in the Pollino Range (Calabria, Southern Italy)

Author: Luigi Ferranti, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Paolo Montagna, Laura Maschio, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Alessandro Valentini, Bruno Pace, CRUST‐DiSTAR, Università degli studi Federico II, Napoli, Italy (CRUST-DISTAR), CRUST‐DISPUTER, Università degli studi Gabrieled'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (CRUST‐DISPUTER), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), THOLOSGROUP s.r.l., Reggio Calabria, Italy, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ferranti, L., Pace, B., Valentini, A., Montagna, P., Pons-branchu, E., Tisnerat-laborde, N., and Maschio, Laura
Subjects: Speleoseismic event recurrence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic hazard, Speleoseismology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Seismogenic sources, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Speleothems, Pollino Range (Calabria, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Italy), Ground shaking, Geology, Seismology
Abstract: Speleoseismological research carried out in the Pollino Range (Calabria, southern Italy), an area of alleged seismic gap in the active extensional belt running along the Southern Apennines, has placed constraints on the recurrence of M > 6 earthquakes, on the expected ground shaking threshold and on definition of seismogenic sources in the region. Radiometric (U-Th, AMS-C-14, and bulk-C-14) dating of before and after deformation layers from collapsed or tilted cave speleothems indicates that six speleoseismic events have occurred in the area during the last similar to 42 ka, with a mean recurrence of similar to 5.6 ka. Based on the in situ measured geometry and laboratory determined mechanical properties of speleothems and using an ad hoc seismogenic source model for northern Calabria, which involved both normal and strike-slip faults, we evaluate the seismic hazard at the cave sites. The numerical models to compute the ground horizontal acceleration threshold for speleothem failure was tested against intact and currently growing stalactites. The inferred age of these stalactites calibrated using established average speleothem growth rates of 0.3-1.2 cm/ka, ranges from similar to 0.7 to similar to 10 ka, with most of them younger than similar to 5.6 ka. Results show that the similar to 0.8- to 1.0-g peak ground acceleration threshold estimated for collapsed speleothems every 5.6 ka was achieved during strong (M > 6) and close (epicentral distance < 12 km) earthquakes. Considering a mean speleoseismic event recurrence of 5.6 ka and that no speleoseismic shaking has occurred in the last 5.5 ka, the probability of occurrence of an M > 6 event in the area in the next few centuries is quite high. Plain Language Summary Seismic shaking can cause collapse or tilt of cave speleothems (stalactites and stalagmites) and dating the calcite layers immediately after and before the deformation provides the age of unknown prehistorical earthquakes. By dating collapsed and tilted speleothems from the Pollino Range (Calabria, southern Italy), we built a catalog of six speleoseismic events that occurred in the last similar to 42 ka in the area. We defined a seismic hazard model for the cave sites using known or newly proposed seismic sources. The model was tested against an estimate of the vulnerability to seismic shaking for several unbroken and currently forming stalactites based on their geometry (slender speleothems are more vulnerable) and their mechanical properties measured in laboratory. Results indicate that a peak ground acceleration threshold of similar to 1 g for speleothem collapse because of strong (M > 6) and close (distance 6 event in the area is pending in the next few centuries.
Published: 2019

31. Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean

Author: Angus Atkinson, Sanae Chiba, James E. Cloern, S. Fonda-Umani, Charles H. Greene, Eric Goberville, Philip C. Reid, Lars Stemmann, Richard R. Kirby, Saskia A. Otto, Grégory Beaugrand, Alessandra Conversi, Martin A. Edwards, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), University of Trieste, The Secchi Disk Foundation, Cornell University [New York], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Hamburg, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem ecology, Niche, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Latitude, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Marine biology, 0303 health sciences, Climate-change ecology, Northern Hemisphere, Pelagic zone, REGIME SHIFTS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, MARINE ECOSYSTEM, IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY, BIODIVERSITY, DIVERSITY, PRESSURE, ATLANTIC, ECOLOGY, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, spanning all latitudes and the shelf to the open ocean. Predicted and observed fluctuations correspond, with both identifying ACSs at the end of the 1980s4,5,6,7 and 1990s5,8. We show that these ACSs coincide with changes in climate that alter local thermal regimes, which in turn interact with the thermal niche of species to trigger long-term and sometimes abrupt shifts at the community level. A large-scale ACS is predicted after 2014—unprecedented in magnitude and extent—coinciding with a strong El Niño event and major shifts in Northern Hemisphere climate. Our results underline the sensitivity of the Arctic Ocean, where unprecedented melting may reorganize biological communities5,9, and suggest an increase in the size and consequences of ACS events in a warming world.
Published: 2019

32. Low-Threshold Coherent Emission at 1.5 µm from Fully Er3+ Doped Monolithic 1D Dielectric Microcavity Fabricated Using Radio Frequency Sputtering

Author: Anna Lukowiak, Maurizio Ferrari, Giancarlo C. Righini, Davor Ristić, Giorgio Speranza, Stefano Taccheo, Cesare Meroni, Yann G. Boucher, Stefano Varas, Francesco Scotognella, Mile Ivanda, Alessandro Chiasera, Roberta Ramponi, Lidia Zur, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University, Department of Materials and Devices, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research [Polish Academy of Sciences], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), and Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Erbium, law, 0103 physical sciences, titania, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, business.industry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Active layer, erbium, Full width at half maximum, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, chemistry, RF-sputtering, 1D photonic crystals, silica, Optoelectronics, coherent emission, 0210 nano-technology, business, Excitation
Abstract: Low threshold coherent emission at 1.5 &micro, m is achieved using Er3+-doped dielectric 1D microcavities fabricated with a Radio Frequency-sputtering technique. The microcavities are composed of a half-wavelength Er3+-doped SiO2 active layer inserted between two Bragg reflectors consisting of ten, five, and seven pairs of SiO2/TiO2 layers, also doped with Er3+ ions. The morphology of the structure is inspected using scanning electron microscopy. Transmission measurements show the third and first order cavity resonance at 530 nm and 1.5 &micro, m, respectively. The photoluminescence measurements are obtained using the optical excitation at the third order cavity resonance using a 514.5 nm Ar+ laser or Xe excitation lamp at 514.5 nm, with an excitation angle of 30&deg, The full width at half maximum of the emission peak at 1535 nm decreased with the pump power until the spectral resolution of the detection system was 2.7 nm. Moreover, the emission intensity presents a non-linear behavior with the pump power and a threshold at about 4 &micro, W.
Published: 2019

33. Speleothem U/Th age constraints for the Last Glacial conditions in the Apuan Alps, northwestern Italy

Author: Petra Bajo, G. Zanchetta, John Hellstrom, Monica Bini, Adriano Ribolini, Eleonora Regattieri, Russell N. Drysdale, Ilaria Isola, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Paolo Montagna, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Pisa (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Dipartimiento di Scienze della Terra, CNR Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse [Pisa] (IGG-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, 010506 paleontology, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Speleothem, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, MIS4, Mediterranean sea, MIS2, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Behavior and Systematics, MIS3, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Glacier, Pleniglacial, Italy, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Mountain chain, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Physical geography, Quaternary, Geology
Abstract: International audience; During the Quaternary several glaciations occurred in the mountain regions around the Mediterranean and, in recent years, new ages have better constrained their timing. However, this is not the case for the Apuan Alps, a high-rainfall mountain chain adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. Here, in spite of the widespread evidence for glaciers, the complete lack of geochronological information hinders our understanding of glaciation history. In this paper, we utilize speleothem ages to better constrain the timing of these glacial features. We re-examine 293 uranium‑thorium ages from 19 speleothems collected in five caves at different elevations. After a period of very low growth between 160 and 132 ka, the analysed speleothems grew almost continuously to ~75 ka, this period was followed by intermittent growth with lower deposition rate and presence of hiatuses until ~12.5/12 ka. This is consistent with an ice coverage persisting over the Apuan Alps, inhibiting or interrupting the growth of speleothems via the limited availability of groundwater and the scarcity/absence of soils. This interval is much greater than the time interval that has previously been attributed to the existence of glaciers on the Apuan Alps, which has been assumed to be restricted to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2. Instead, ice cover probably also appeared in the Apuan Alps during MIS 4. The phase of restarting of growth, which may implies the definitive or substantial glacier melts seem to predate the Holocene.
Published: 2019

34. On the glassy nature of the hard phase in inference problems

Author: Antenucci, Fabrizio, Franz, Silvio, Urbani, Pierfrancesco, Zdeborová, Lenka, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soft and Living Matter Laboratory (S.Li.M. Lab), CNR Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Grant Agreement 714608-SMiLe, ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience; An algorithmically hard phase was described in a range of inference problems: even if the signal can be reconstructed with a small error from an information theoretic point of view, known algorithms fail unless the noise-to-signal ratio is sufficiently small. This $hard\ phase$ is typically understood as a metastable branch of the dynamical evolution of message passing algorithms. In this work we study the metastable branch for a prototypical inference problem, the low-rank matrix factorization, that presents a hard phase. We show that for noise-to-signal ratios that are below the information theoretic threshold, the posterior measure is composed of an exponential number of metastable glassy states and we compute their entropy, called the complexity. We show that this glassiness extends even slightly below the algorithmic threshold below which the well-known approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm is able to closely reconstruct the signal. Counter-intuitively, we find that the performance of the AMP algorithm is not improved by taking into account the glassy nature of the hard phase.
Published: 2019

35. Modal properties of an Erbium-doped asymmetric single-mode slab waveguide in the glass-ceramics SnO2-SiO2 system

Author: Maurizio Ferrari, Lidia Zur, Yann G. Boucher, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), French National University Council, École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Materials science, Glass-ceramics waveguides, Thin films, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, DFB structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Erbium, Rare-earths, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Modal gain, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, SnO2-SiO2, Spectroscopy, Common emitter, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Single-mode optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Modal, chemistry, Slab, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; We investigate the modal properties (effective index and modal gain) of an active, Erbium-doped single-mode slab waveguide made of silica tin-dioxide glass-ceramics on Silica. Completed with a photo-inscribed Bragg grating, such a structure is a good candidate for realizing an optically pumped laser emitter. For total Erbium concentration of 9.84 × 10−4 mol/cm3 and a cross-section (for stimulated transitions) of σ ≈ 2 × 10−25 m2 in a discussed structure, the maximum achievable material gain in DFB with Quarter-Wave phase Shift (QWS-DFB) is σ Ntot ≈ 23 m−1. Taking into account the confinement factor, the maximum achievable modal gain, in complex amplitude, over the length of 10 mm is at about (αmaxL) ≈ 0.09.
Published: 2019

36. Coral forests and derelict fishing gears in submarine canyon systems of the Ligurian Sea

Author: Simonepietro Canese, M. Fourt, L. Aquilina, Marco Taviani, Leonardo Tunesi, Lorenzo Angeletti, B. Daniel, Marzia Bo, C. Innocenti, A. Goujard, Michela Giusti, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine litter, Canyons, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coral, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Fishing, Biodiversity, Submarine canyon, Aquatic Science, Remotely operated vehicle, 01 natural sciences, Ligurian Sea, Structuring anthozoans, Marine litter, Derelict Fishing Gears, Fishing impact, Ligurian Sea, Canyons, Structuring anthozoans, Marine debris, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Canyon, geography.geographical_feature_category, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Geography, Oceanography, Fishing impact, Derelict Fishing Gears, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paramuricea clavata
Abstract: Biodiversity of coral forests and occurrence of Derelict Fishing Gears (DFGs) have been assessed in canyon systems of the western Ligurian Sea (Dramont, Monaco, Bordighera, Arma di Taggia and Bergeggi) exposed to different anthropic pressures. Arborescent cnidarians were elected as representative species due to their role as structuring organisms and their vulnerability to DFGs damage; hence, their occurrence, density and distribution were correlated to the presence of DFGs. The canyon systems were mapped using a Multibeam Echo Sounder and visually surveyed by means of a Remotely Operated Vehicle between 20 and 445 m depth. With the exception of the Bergeggi canyon system, all sites host rich assemblages of structuring anthozoans, accounting for more than 2000 colonies belonging to 11 species, predominantly Eunicella cavolinii, Paramuricea clavata, Corallium rubrum, Dendrophyllia cornigera, and E. verrucosa. We noticed that the large structuring gorgonians were affected most, with a high number of entangled colonies. DFGs represent 85% of the marine litter found, and are the most serious threat to resident sessile communities, most noticeably in the eastern canyons. Ports, size and fishing effort of local fleets, and socio-economical differences in the fishing activities, strongly influence the fishing footprints. Our study further confirms the role of submarine canyons as site of high coral biodiversity and vulnerability to the mechanical damages by fishing-related littering, calling for adequate management measures to reduce fishery pressure and concomitant DFGs discharge.
Published: 2019

37. Coherent emission from fully Er3+ doped monolithic 1-D dielectric microcavity fabricated by rf-sputtering

Author: Gianluca Galzerano, Anna Lukowiak, Francesco Scotognella, Mariano Ferrari, Sreeramulu Valligatla, L. Zur, Stefano Taccheo, Cesare Meroni, Davor Ristić, Alessandro Chiasera, Giorgio Speranza, Yann G. Boucher, G. C. Righini, Roberta Ramponi, Mile Ivanda, Stefano Varas, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden (IFW Dresden), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University, Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research [Polish Academy of Sciences], and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 1-D dielectric microcavity, Titania, Photoluminescence, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Erbium, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Sputtering, Coherent emission, rf-sputtering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Silica, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Active layer, Full width at half maximum, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Excitation
Abstract: International audience; All Er3+ doped dielectric 1-D microcavity was fabricated by rf sputtering technique. The microcavity was constituted by half wave Er3+ doped SiO2 active layer inserted between two Bragg reflectors consists of ten pairs of SiO2/TiO2 layers also doped with Er3+ ions. The scanning electron microscopy was used to check the morphology of the structure. Transmission measurements confirm the third and first order cavity resonance at 530 nm and 1560 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence measurements were obtained by optically exciting at the third order cavity resonance using 514.5 nm Ar+ laser with an excitation angle of 30°. The Full Width at Half Maximum of the emission peak at 1560 nm decrease with the pump power until the spectral resolution of the detection system of ∼1.0 nm. Moreover, the emission intensity presents a non-linear behavior with the pump power and a threshold at about 24 mW was observed with saturation of the signal at above 185 mW of pump power.
Published: 2019

38. Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Emma Heslop, Javier Ruiz, François Galgani, Pablo Lorente, Ferial Louanchi, Pierre Testor, Susana Pérez Rubio, Romain Escudier, Alejandro Orfila, Roberto Bozzano, Georg Umgiesser, George Petihakis, Marc Torner, Sara Pensieri, Patrick Raimbault, George Zodiatis, Mélanie Juza, Patrick Farcy, Baris Salihoglu, David March, Simona Simoncelli, Daniel J. Hayes, Simón Ruiz, Paolo Lazzari, Giorgia Verri, Francesco Trotta, Loic Petit De La Villeon, Emanuela Clementi, Benjamín Casas, Joaquín Tintoré, D. Obaton, Constantin Frangoulis, Marco Bajo, Miguel Charcos-Llorens, Gianandrea Mannarini, Antonio Sánchez-Román, Vlado Malačič, Patricia Reglero, Edgar G. Pavia, Elena Mauri, Juan Gabriel Fernández, Rosalia Santoleri, Paz Rotllan, Svitlana Liubartseva, Toste Tanhua, Sylvie Pouliquen, Laurent Coppola, Gianpiero Cossarini, Leonidas Perivoliotis, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Diego Álvarez-Berastegui, Laurent Mortier, Antonio Novellino, Isaac Gertman, Luis F. Ruiz-Orejón, Slim Gana, Jacopo Chiggiato, Gerasimos Korres, Aldo Drago, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Inmaculada Ruiz, Eva Aguiar, Marcos García Sotillo, Katrin Schroeder, Gianmaria Sannino, Anna Teruzzi, Jesús García Lafuente, Baptiste Mourre, Ivica Vilibić, Karina von Schuckmann, Lorinc Meszaros, Emma Reyes, Marco Zavatarelli, Lluís Gómez-Pujol, Simone Sammartino, George Kallos, Jaime Hernandez-Lasheras, Vanessa Cardin, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Rosa Balbin, Karim Hilmi, Massimiliano Drudi, Devrim Tezcan, Alan Deidun, Pierre Garreau, Sarantis Sofianos, Alessandro Grandi, Barak Herut, Cristina Fossi, Stefano Salon, Ghada El Serafy, J. Pistoia, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Giovanni Coppini, Salvatore Marullo, Rafael Sardá, Mustafa Yücel, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Laura Prieto, Salud Deudero, Agustín Sánchez Arcilla, Rita Lecci, Georgios Sylaios, Ivan Federico, Ananda Pascual, Christian Ferrarin, Nadia Pinardi, Tintore, J., Pinardi, N., Alvarez-Fanjul, E., Aguiar, E., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Bajo, M., Balbin, R., Bozzano, R., Nardelli, B. B., Cardin, V., Casas, B., Charcos-Llorens, M., Chiggiato, J., Clementi, E., Coppini, G., Coppola, L., Cossarini, G., Deidun, A., Deudero, S., D'Ortenzio, F., Drago, A., Drudi, M., El Serafy, G., Escudier, R., Farcy, P., Federico, I., Fernandez, J. G., Ferrarin, C., Fossi, C., Frangoulis, C., Galgani, F., Gana, S., Garcia Lafuente, J., Sotillo, M. G., Garreau, P., Gertman, I., Gomez-Pujol, L., Grandi, A., Hayes, D., Hernandez-Lasheras, J., Herut, B., Heslop, E., Hilmi, K., Juza, M., Kallos, G., Korres, G., Lecci, R., Lazzari, P., Lorente, P., Liubartseva, S., Louanchi, F., Malacic, V., Mannarini, G., March, D., Marullo, S., Mauri, E., Meszaros, L., Mourre, B., Mortier, L., Munoz-Mas, C., Novellino, A., Obaton, D., Orfila, A., Pascual, A., Pensieri, S., Perez Gomez, B., Perez Rubio, S., Perivoliotis, L., Petihakis, G., de la Villeon, L. P., Pistoia, J., Poulain, P. -M., Pouliquen, S., Prieto, L., Raimbault, P., Reglero, P., Reyes, E., Rotllan, P., Ruiz, S., Ruiz, J., Ruiz, I., Ruiz-Orejon, L. F., Salihoglu, B., Salon, S., Sammartino, S., Sanchez Arcilla, A., Sanchez-Roman, A., Sannino, G., Santoleri, R., Sarda, R., Schroeder, K., Simoncelli, S., Sofianos, S., Sylaios, G., Tanhua, T., Teruzzi, A., Testor, P., Tezcan, D., Torner, M., Trotta, F., Umgiesser, G., von Schuckmann, K., Verri, G., Vilibic, I., Yucel, M., Zavatarelli, M., Zodiatis, G., Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears [Palma, Spain] (COB), Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), University of Cyprus (UCY), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LIM/UPC - Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Tintore J., Pinardi N., Alvarez-Fanjul E., Aguiar E., Alvarez-Berastegui D., Bajo M., Balbin R., Bozzano R., Nardelli B.B., Cardin V., Casas B., Charcos-Llorens M., Chiggiato J., Clementi E., Coppini G., Coppola L., Cossarini G., Deidun A., Deudero S., D'Ortenzio F., Drago A., Drudi M., El Serafy G., Escudier R., Farcy P., Federico I., Fernandez J.G., Ferrarin C., Fossi C., Frangoulis C., Galgani F., Gana S., Garcia Lafuente J., Sotillo M.G., Garreau P., Gertman I., Gomez-Pujol L., Grandi A., Hayes D., Hernandez-Lasheras J., Herut B., Heslop E., Hilmi K., Juza M., Kallos G., Korres G., Lecci R., Lazzari P., Lorente P., Liubartseva S., Louanchi F., Malacic V., Mannarini G., March D., Marullo S., Mauri E., Meszaros L., Mourre B., Mortier L., Munoz-Mas C., Novellino A., Obaton D., Orfila A., Pascual A., Pensieri S., Perez Gomez B., Perez Rubio S., Perivoliotis L., Petihakis G., de la Villeon L.P., Pistoia J., Poulain P.-M., Pouliquen S., Prieto L., Raimbault P., Reglero P., Reyes E., Rotllan P., Ruiz S., Ruiz J., Ruiz I., Ruiz-Orejon L.F., Salihoglu B., Salon S., Sammartino S., Sanchez Arcilla A., Sanchez-Roman A., Sannino G., Santoleri R., Sarda R., Schroeder K., Simoncelli S., Sofianos S., Sylaios G., Tanhua T., Teruzzi A., Testor P., Tezcan D., Torner M., Trotta F., Umgiesser G., von Schuckmann K., Verri G., Vilibic I., Yucel M., Zavatarelli M., and Zodiatis G.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science with and for society, Service (systems architecture), lcsh:QH1-199.5, Nature observation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, SDG's, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Operations research -- Case studies, sustained observations, 11. Sustainability, observing and forecasting system, Observing and forecasting systems, lcsh:Science, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], SDG', observing and forecasting systems, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, Prediction theory, Climatology -- Data processing, Environmental resource management, Seawater -- Mediterranean Region, operational service, Operational services, Variety (cybernetics), Mediterranean Sea--Climate, Ocean variability, Quantitative research -- Evaluation, Mediterrània, Mar -- Aspectes ambientals, Ocean observations, SDG’s, Best practice, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Sustained observations, 12. Responsible consumption, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Downstream (petroleum industry), Sustainable development, Ensemble forecasting, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Ports i costes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, observing and forecasting systems, sustained observations, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, SDG’s, Business
Abstract: Este artículo contiene 30 páginas, 14 figuras., The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstreamservices in response to the needs of the heavily populatedMediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level ofMediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN’s Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system.
Published: 2019

39. Chemical Geology: Geochemical proxies in marine biogenic carbonates: new developments and applications to global change

Author: Montagna, Paolo, Douville, Eric, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

40. Flow Regime and Nutrient-Loading Trends from the Largest South European Watersheds: Implications for the Productivity of Mediterranean and Black Sea’s Coastal Areas

Author: Patrick Raimbault, Michele Giani, Luminita Lazar, Stefano Cozzi, Carles Ibáñez, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Producció Animal, Aigües Marines i Continentals, Marine Science Institute (CNR—ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Watershed, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, coastal productivity, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Mediterranean, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, water quality, Hydrology (agriculture), lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, lcsh:TD201-500, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, river runoff, climate change, Productivity (ecology), Black Sea, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, anthropogenic pressures, Water quality, time series, Eutrophication, Surface runoff
Abstract: In the last century, large watersheds in Southern Europe have been impacted by a combination of anthropogenic and climatic pressures, which have rapidly evolved to change the ecological status of freshwater and coastal systems. A comparative analysis was performed for Ebro, Rh&ocirc, ne, Po and Danube rivers, to investigate if they exhibited differential dynamics in hydrology and water quality that can be linked to specific human and natural forces acting at sub-continental scales. Flow regime series were analyzed from daily to multi-decadal scales, considering frequency distributions, trends (Mann&ndash, Kendall and Sen tests) and discontinuities (SRSD Method). River loads of suspended matter, nutrients and organic matter and the eutrophication potential of river nutrients were estimated to assess the impact of river loads on adjacent coastal areas. The decline of freshwater resources largely impacted the Ebro watershed on annual (&minus, 0.139 km3 yr&minus, 1) and seasonal (&minus, 0.4% yr&minus, 1) scales. In the other rivers, only spring&ndash, summer showed significant decreases of the runoff coupled to an exacerbated flow variability (0.1&ndash, 0.3% yr&minus, 1), which suggested the presence of an enhanced regional climatic instability. Discontinuities in annual runoff series (every 20&ndash, 30 years) indicated a similar long-term evolution of Rh&ocirc, ne and Po rivers, differently from Ebro and Danube. Higher nutrient concentrations in the Ebro and Po (+50%) compared to Rh&ocirc, ne and Danube and distinct stoichiometric nutrient ratios may exert specific impacts on the growth of plankton biomass in coastal areas. The overall decline of inorganic phosphorus in the Rh&ocirc, ne and Po (since the 1980s) and the Ebro and Danube (since the 1990s) mitigated the eutrophication in coastal ecosystems inducing, however, a phase in which the role of organic phosphorus loads (Po &gt, Danube &gt, Rh&ocirc, ne &gt, Ebro) on coastal productivity could be more relevant. Overall, the study showed that the largest South European watersheds are differently impacted by anthropogenic and climatic forces and that this will influence their vulnerability to future changes of flow regime and water quality.
Published: 2019

41. Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones: A Joint Perspective Integrating Seismicity, Fluid Flow and Life

Author: Hensen, Christian, Duarte, João, Vannucchi, Paola, Mazzini, Adriano, Lever, Mark, Terrinha, Pedro, Géli, Louis, Henry, Pierre, Villinger, Heinrich, Morgan, Jason, Schmidt, Mark, Gutscher, Marc-André, Bartolome, Rafael, Tomonaga, Yama, Polonia, Alina, Gracia, Eulalia, Tinivella, Umberta, Lupi, Matteo, Elvert, Marcus, Sakellariou, Dimitris, Matias, Luis, Kipfer, Rolf, Karageorgis, Aristomenis, Ruffine, Livio, Liebetrau, Volker, Pierre, Catherine, Schmidt, Christopher, Batista, Luis, Gasperini, Luca, Burwicz, Ewa, Neres, Marta, Nuzzo, Marianne, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), University of London [London], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bremen, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), EU-funded COST Action FLOWS (ES1301, ANR-16-CE03-0010,MAREGAMI2016,Caractérisation de la lacune sismique dans la région d'Istanbul(2016), European Project: 308126,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,LUSI LAB(2013), Hensen, Christian, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, fractures zones, fluid geochemistry, microbial life, seafloor observation systems, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], transform faults, seismic precursors, coupling of seismicity and fluid flow, heat flow, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Marine transform faults and associated fracture zones (MTFFZs) cover vast stretches of the ocean floor, where they play a key role in plate tectonics, accommodating the lateral movement of tectonic plates and allowing connections between ridges and trenches. Together with the continental counterparts of MTFFZs, these structures also pose a risk to human societies as they can generate high magnitude earthquakes and trigger tsunamis. Historical examples are the Sumatra-Wharton Basin Earthquake in 2012 (M8.6) and the Atlantic Gloria Fault Earthquake in 1941 (M8.4). Earthquakes at MTFFZs furthermore open and sustain pathways for fluid flow triggering reactions with the host rocks that may permanently change the rheological properties of the oceanic lithosphere. In fact, they may act as conduits mediating vertical fluid flow and leading to elemental exchanges between Earth’s mantle and overlying sediments. Chemicals transported upward in MTFFZs include energy substrates, such as H2 and volatile hydrocarbons, which then sustain chemosynthetic, microbial ecosystems at and below the seafloor. Moreover, up- or downwelling of fluids within the complex system of fractures and seismogenic faults along MTFFZs could modify earthquake cycles and/or serve as “detectors” for changes in the stress state during interseismic phases. Despite their likely global importance, the large areas where transform faults and fracture zones occur are still underexplored, as are the coupling mechanisms between seismic activity, fluid flow, and life. This manuscript provides an interdisciplinary review and synthesis of scientific progress at or related to MTFFZs and specifies approaches and strategies to deepen the understanding of processes that trigger, maintain, and control fluid flow at MTFFZs.
Published: 2019

42. Micro-explosion characterization using optical diagnostics during the heating of W/O emulsiondroplets

Author: Moussa, Omar, Tarlet, Dominique, Massoli, Patrizio, Bellettre, Jérôme, Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Motori [Napoli], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Napoli] (CNR), Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Polytech Nantes), CNR – National Research Council of Italy – Istituto Motori - Napoli, and Robert, Nathalie
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.THER] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

43. Effective processor load balancing using multi-objective parallel extremal optimization

Author: Ernesto Tarantino, Umberto Scafuri, Richard Olejnik, Ivanoe De Falco, Eryk Laskowski, Marek Tudruj, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, CNR, Naples, Italy, Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institue of Computer Science [Pologne], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Olejnik, Richard
Subjects: Extremal optimization, 020203 distributed computing, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, processor load balancing, Load balancing (computing), Multi-objective optimization, [INFO.INFO-ES] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, extremal optimization, multi-objective optimization, [INFO.INFO-DC] Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Computer Science::Operating Systems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The paper presents how Extremal Optimization can be used in a parallel multi-objective load balancing algorithm applied in execution of distributed programs. Extremal Optimization is used to find task migration which dynamically improves processor load balance in a distributed system. In the proposed multi-objective approach we use three objectives relevant to distributed processor load balancing in execution of program tasks. They are: computational load balance of processors, the volume of inter-processor communication and task migration metrics. In the algorithms additional criteria are used which are based on some knowledge on the influence of the computational and communication loads on task execution. The proposed algorithms are assessed by simulation experiments with distributed execution of program macro data flow graphs. Two methods of finding compromise solutions based on the Pareto front were used: one based on a geometric (Euclidean) distance of solutions and the second one based on the Manhattan (taxicab geometry) distance. The influence of the distance geometry on the final solutions is discussed.
Published: 2018

44. Approximate Survey Propagation for Statistical Inference

Author: Pierfrancesco Urbani, Lenka Zdeborová, Fabrizio Antenucci, Florent Krzakala, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soft and Living Matter Laboratory (S.Li.M. Lab), CNR Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Désordonnés et Applications, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program 714608-SMiLe, ANR-10-LABX-0039,PALM,Physics: Atoms, Light, Matter(2010), ANR-17-CE23-0023,PAIL,Diagramme de Phase et Algorithme pour l'inference et l'apprentissage(2017), European Project: 307087,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPARCS(2012), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Information Theory, Inference, FOS: Physical sciences, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Mathematics - Statistics Theory, 02 engineering and technology, Statistics Theory (math.ST), 01 natural sciences, Set (abstract data type), [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics - Machine Learning, 0103 physical sciences, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Statistical inference, FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, Symmetry breaking, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Information Theory (cs.IT), Message passing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Function (mathematics), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Generative model, [INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT], Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Abstract: Approximate message passing algorithm enjoyed considerable attention in the last decade. In this paper we introduce a variant of the AMP algorithm that takes into account glassy nature of the system under consideration. We coin this algorithm as the approximate survey propagation (ASP) and derive it for a class of low-rank matrix estimation problems. We derive the state evolution for the ASP algorithm and prove that it reproduces the one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) fixed-point equations, well-known in physics of disordered systems. Our derivation thus gives a concrete algorithmic meaning to the 1RSB equations that is of independent interest. We characterize the performance of ASP in terms of convergence and mean-squared error as a function of the free Parisi parameter s. We conclude that when there is a model mismatch between the true generative model and the inference model, the performance of AMP rapidly degrades both in terms of MSE and of convergence, while ASP converges in a larger regime and can reach lower errors. Among other results, our analysis leads us to a striking hypothesis that whenever s (or other parameters) can be set in such a way that the Nishimori condition $M=Q>0$ is restored, then the corresponding algorithm is able to reach mean-squared error as low as the Bayes-optimal error obtained when the model and its parameters are known and exactly matched in the inference procedure., 37 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2018

45. Optical investigations in a CI engine fueled with water in diesel emulsion produced through microchannels

Author: Agnès Montillet, Cinzia Tornatore, Patrizio Massoli, Luca Marchitto, Gerardo Valentino, Jérôme Bellettre, R. Calabria, Istituto Motori [Napoli], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Napoli] (CNR), Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matrices Aliments Procédés Propriétés Structure - Sensoriel (GEPEA-MAPS2), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), CNR – National Research Council of Italy – Istituto Motori - Napoli, Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Polytech Nantes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Universitaire de Technologie [Saint-Nazaire] (IUT), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, NOx-soot trade-off, Mixing (process engineering), Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Emulsion stability, Combustion, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Diesel fuel, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Water-in-diesel (oil) emulsion, NOx, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Mechanical Engineering, Optical diagnostics, Soot, Micro-channel system, Ignition system, Compression ignition engine, Chemical energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Emulsion
Abstract: The paper reports the results of an experimental investigation carried out on a prototype optically accessible compression ignition engine fueled with water in diesel emulsion (WiDE) and Diesel only. The effect of WiDE on combustion process evolution and exhaust emissions was investigated through standard engine benchmark and optical diagnostics. 2D chemiluminescent emission measurements centered at 690 nm were carried out during the whole combustion process to discriminate the soot emission from other excited chemical species. The emulsion was produced through a prototype designed microchannels emulsifier that can also work inline. The water concentration was 9.1%v with a small amount (0.2%v) of nonionic surfactant (SPAN80) used to stabilize the emulsion. Tests were performed comparing combustion and exhaust emissions of the reference commercial diesel fuel to the WiDE. For any investigated fuel and operating point, engine tests were carried out changing the injection interval to achieve the same chemical energy as the reference diesel (935 J/str). Compared to Diesel, the WiDE induced an increase in ignition time, enhancing the air/fuel mixing with a simultaneous reduction in both PM and NOx. The digital imaging and 2D chemiluminescence techniques highlighted a reduction in soot formation without significant changes on the soot oxidation rate. The results suggest the use of WiDE as a reliable method to improve NOx-soot trade-off of CI engines.
Published: 2018

46. Turbulence in the Sicily Channel from microstructure measurements

Author: Yannis Cuypers, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Mireno Borghini, Stephane Leizour, Sana Ben Ismail, Katrin Schroeder, Bruno Ferron, Anda Vladoiu, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine [La Spezia] (CNR-ISMAR-SP), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), ANR-310 JC05-50690 pas dans AUREHAL le 20180823 (vérifier le numéro!), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (PMMH (UMR_7636)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-ESPCI ParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), EGU, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Pinsard, Françoise
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010505 oceanography, Turbulence, Mixed layer, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, INTERNAL WAVES, STRAIT, CIRCULATION, VARIABILITY, SHELF, TIDES, DISSIPATION, SIMULATION, EFFICIENCY, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Dissipation, Oceanography, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Shear (geology), Hotspot (geology), Turbulence kinetic energy, 14. Life underwater, Geomorphology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Sicily Channel controls the exchange between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Basins, with a dynamics characterised by strong shear at the interface between the south-eastward surface flow and the strong north-westward bottom flow. Microstructure measurements taken in the two main deep passages of the Sicily Channel show that this region is a hotspot for turbulent mixing. At the north-eastern location (C01), just downstream of where the strong bottom flow crosses a sill, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates for the deep flow were of the order of 10-8-10-7 W kg-1. At the south-western location (C02) on the milder slope of Talbot Bank, the observed bottom flow was weaker and along the isobaths, with lower dissipation rates of the order of 10-9 W kg-1. Furthermore, a recirculation of the western deep flow around Talbot Bank was hypothesised based on current measurements and a decrease in dissipation rates in the canyon north of C01. Strong shear, internal tides and interactions with the rough topography were found to be responsible for turbulence. The dynamical regime was dominated by mechanically driven turbulence with a large range of turbulence intensities. Favourable conditions for double diffusive salt fingers and double diffusive convection also occurred, however double diffusion prevailed in only 0.5% of the observations. Mixing efficiency was computed from the microstructure measurements, and its variability was explored in the context of variable turbulence intensities. The vertical diapycnal diffusivity computed from the measurements was higher at C01 (1.1×10-3 ± 3.2×10-3 m2 s-1) than at C02 (1.8×10-4 ± 7.6×10-4 m2 s-1). Moreover, upward salinity dominated density fluxes of the order of 10-6 and 10-7 kg m-2 s-1 were found to be characteristic of the transitional and intermediate waters, respectively. Significant changes in water mass properties in the Sicily Channel were thus inferred.
Published: 2018

47. Fabrication by rf-sputtering and assessment of dielectric Er3+ doped monolithic 1-D microcavity for coherent emission at 1.5 um

Author: Stefano Varas, Maurizio Ferrari, Roberta Ramponi, Davor Ristić, Stefano Taccheo, Mile Ivanda, Francesco Scotognella, Anna Lukowiak, Giorgio Speranza, Giancarlo C. Righini, Lidia Zur, Yann Boucher, Cesare Meroni, Alessandro Chiasera, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), and Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica
Subjects: Materials science, Photoluminescence, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Erbium, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, titania, 010306 general physics, business.industry, Doping, 1D photonic Crystals, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Active layer, erbium, Full width at half maximum, chemistry, silica, rf sputtering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, coherent emission
Abstract: International audience; All Er3+ doped dielectric 1-D microcavity are fabricated by RF sputtering technique. The microcavity is composed of half wave Er3+ doped SiO2 active layer inserted, between two Bragg reflectors consisting of seven pairs of SiO2/TiO2 layers also doped with Er3+ ions. The morphology of the structure is inspected with scanning electron microscopy. Transmission measurements show the third and first order cavity resonance at 530 nm and 1535 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence measurements were obtained by optically exciting at the third order cavity resonance using 514.5 nm Ar+ laser with an excitation angle of 30°. The Full Width at Half Maximum of the emission peak at 1535 nm decrease with the pump power until the spectral resolution of the detection system of 2.3 nm. Moreover, the emission intensity presents a non-linear behavior with the pump power and a threshold at about 4 μW.
Published: 2018

48. Petrographic and geochemical characterization of the early formative stages of Northern Adriatic shelf rocky buildups

Author: Andrea Bergamasco, Claudio Mazzoli, Luigi Tosi, Cristina Da Lio, Fulvio Franchi, Massimo Zecchin, Paolo Montagna, Sandra Donnici, Marco Taviani, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BIGEA), Université de Bologne, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali ( BIGEA ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Bioenergétique fondamentale et appliquée ( LBFA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), ISMAR-CNR, and ISMAR CNR
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Bio-concretions, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Micrite, Outcrop, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Adriatic shelf, chemistry.chemical_compound, Temperate carbonates, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Lithification, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Beachrock, Calcite, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aragonite, Temperate carbonates, Allochemic sandstone, Beachrock, Marine diagenesis, Bio-concretions, Adriatic shelf, Geology, Diagenesis, Geophysics, chemistry, engineering, Economic Geology, Siliciclastic, Allochemic sandstone, Marine diagenesis
Abstract: A peculiar type of marine rocky outcrops is generated under temperate conditions through the cementation of carbonate and siliciclastic sediments on the northwestern Adriatic shelf. The lithification process results into the genesis of punctiform outcrops (tegnue) that serve as substrate to substantial coralligenous epibenthic growth. These buildups have been often described as beachrock. More recently, an alternative genetic mechanism, implying precipitation of carbonate cements in the marine phreatic zone, has been hypothesized for the rocky outcrops off the coast of Chioggia (south of Venice). These rocky outcrops are settled along the levee of meandering channels inherited from Pleistocene fluvial systems. Petrographic analyses of the Chioggia rocky outcrops allowed distinguishing three (3) main lithofacies: 1) biofouled sandstone blocks; 2) cross-stratified slabs and 3) bioclastic carbonates. These lithofacies have a common substrate mainly made by allochemic sandstone and sandy allochem limestone consisting in rounded grains of limestones and dolostones. The host sediments are cemented by a thin micrite coating followed by isopachous rims of scalenohedral and bladed calcite. Geochemical analyses revealed a sensible decrease in Mg contents between the early and late generations of isopachous cements. Vadose cements are missing suggesting that the precipitation of calcite cements occurred in marine phreatic zone without supra-tidal exposure. The lack of aragonite cements suggests that seawater was mixing with meteoric groundwater. The mixing of groundwater induced a partial dissolution of high-Mg calcite and precipitation of a later stage low-Mg calcite. The lithification of the morphologies inherited from Pleistocene fluvial systems provided the nucleus for the development of the coralligenous buildups observed in the North Adriatic Sea shelf. It is possible that diagenetic processes, other than those normally responsible for the formation of beachrocks worldwide, have been active in the northern Adriatic Sea starting from the post-Last Glacial Maximum transgression. It is therefore likely that these processes are more relevant for the coralligenous epibenthic growth in temperate siliciclastic shelves than previously thought.
Published: 2018

49. Tensile strength of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko nucleus material from overhangs

Author: Attree, N., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., Nébouy, D., Thomas, N., Brouet, Y., Kührt, Ekkehard, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Knollenberg, Jörg, Hartogh, P., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P., Rodrigo, R., Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H. U., A’Hearn, M. F., Auger, A.-T., Barucci, Antonella, Bertaux, J.-L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, Dennis, Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Deppo, Vania Da, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutierrez, P.J., Güttler, C., Hviid, Stubbe, Ip, W-H., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J. R., Küppers, M., Lara López, Luisa M., Lazzarin, M., Lopez Moreno, J., Lowry, S., Marchi, S., Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, M., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Shi, X., Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), European Space Agency Advanced Concepts and Science Payloads Office (ESA ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Scientific Support Office, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-ray Optical Research [Padova] (LUXOR), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], University of Trento [Trento], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science [Canterbury] (CAPS), University of Kent [Canterbury], Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] ( DLR ), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] ( CAB ), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial ( INTA ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), International Space Science Institute ( ISSI ), Space Research Centre [Warsaw] ( CBK ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] ( IGEP ), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste ( OAT ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-ray Optical Research [Padova] ( LUXOR ), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies ( IFN ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ) -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), National Central University [Taiwan] ( NCU ), European Space Astronomy Center ( ESAC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ) -European Space Agency ( ESA ), Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science [Canterbury] ( CAPS ), Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute ( SSERVI ), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] ( SwRI ), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' ( CISAS ), NASA Ames Research Center ( ARC ), Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Budapest], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Comets: individual: Churyumov-Gerasimenko, FOS: Physical sciences, general [comets], Comets: general, Methods: observational, es, individual: Churyumov-Gerasimenko [comets], Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, observational [Methods], addenda, errata, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We directly measure twenty overhanging cliffs on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko extracted from the latest shape model and estimate the minimum tensile strengths needed to support them against collapse under the comet's gravity. We find extremely low strengths of around one Pa or less (one to five Pa, when scaled to a metre length). The presence of eroded material at the base of most overhangs, as well as the observed collapse of two features and implied previous collapse of another, suggests that they are prone to failure and that true material strengths are close to these lower limits (although we only consider static stresses and not dynamic stress from, for example, cometary activity). Thus, a tensile strength of a few pascals is a good approximation for the tensile strength of 67P's nucleus material, which is in agreement with previous work. We find no particular trends in overhang properties with size, over the $\sim10-100$ m range studied here, or location on the nucleus. There are no obvious differences, in terms of strength, height or evidence of collapse, between the populations of overhangs on the two cometary lobes, suggesting that 67P is relatively homogenous in terms of tensile strength. Low material strengths are supportive of cometary formation as a primordial rubble pile or by collisional fragmentation of a small (tens of km) body., 13 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2018

50. Smart Adaptation of BIM for Virtual Reality, Depending on Building Project Actors' Needs: The Nursery Case

Author: Pierre Raimbaud, Ruding Lou, José Tiberio Hernández, Pablo Figueroa, Florence Danglade, Frédéric Merienne, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Angevin de Mécanique, Procédés et InnovAtion (LAMPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), INSM (Ingénierie Numérique de Systèmes Mécanique), Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche (IMATI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)
Subjects: User needs, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle [Informatique], Computer science, business.industry, Ingénierie assistée par ordinateur [Informatique], 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Solid modeling, Reuse, Virtual reality, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], 0201 civil engineering, Building information modeling, Human–computer interaction, 021105 building & construction, BIM, Architecture, Model adaptation, business, Adaptation (computer science), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Nowadays, virtual reality (VR) is widely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering and construction) industry. One crucial issue is how to reuse Building Information Modeling (BIM) models in VR applications. This paper presents an approach for a smart adaptation of BIM models for using in VR scene, by following the needs expressed by building projects actors. The main adaptation consists in filtering BIM data to keep the necessary ones for VR, according to the user objectives. Moreover, VR system should be chosen by taking into account the purpose of usage of the VR model. This approach is applied to a study case of a nursery building project.
Published: 2018

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

513 results on '"CNR - National Research Council of Italy"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources