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Objective: To identify the ideological discourse on narcotrafficking in the Americas expressed by documentaries and the values that, based on them, are accepted as a portrayal of reality. Method: We performed a film analysis (Medina, 2020) of 4 documentaries produced from 2017 to 2020, available on the Netflix streaming service, that address the illegal cocaine industry in the American continent. Theoretical Framework: From Mészáros (2004), we understand that the dominant ideological system presents the rules whereby human beings understand, deal with, and act in the world in order to solve social conflicts. Results: In the films, the relationship between the high drug consumption in the USA and the respective drug manufacturing in Latin countries is based on the production of two antagonistic imaginaries: a positive one about the USA, and a negative one about Latin countries involved in drug trafficking, which unfolds in the formation of the victim-villain-hero triad that legitimizes the common consent of American interventions in the war against drugs and its victims, regardless of their nationalities. Conclusions: The selectivity in the depiction regarding the appearance of the narcotrafficking phenomenon in different countries demonstrates a favorable dichotomy to the capitalist order, breeding a fetishized collective subjectivity that hinders class consciousness.

Introduction. The number of arrests of body packers, who are those people who ingest packages with narcotics for illegal trafficking, has gradually increased. The objective of this study was to present the cases of body packers treated in two health institutions in Florencia, a territory in southern Colombia, between 2003 and 2017. Methods. This is a descriptive retrospective study. A univariate analysis was performed in RStudio and Microsoft Excel® of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used for continuous variables, frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. Results. 72 patients were included. Most cases were reported between 2007 and 2012 (77.5%). The ratio between men and women was 4.9:1. The mean age was 29.1 years. The main reason for admission was for medical check-up after capture by national security agencies (76.4%). In nine out of ten admitted patients, imaging studies were performed (94.4%); the main diagnostic imaging was simple abdominal X-ray (84.7%), with a sensitivity of 91.6%. Expectant management was performed in three out of four patients (74.6%). 6.9% presented complications, with one mortality (1.4%). Conclusions. Simple abdominal x-ray is an adequate diagnostic tool for screening body packers. Conservative management is acceptable, taking into account the low percentage of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of substance use disorders (SUDs) represents a continuous challenge from medical, psychological, social and economic perspectives, although constant efforts have been made in the last decades to elucidate the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this type of pathology. Intensely studied at the clinical and translational level, SUDs can also be subjected to a phenomenological analysis, more specifically for this review, from the perspective of substance-induced altered states of consciousness (ASC). Such an approach is considered useful because of the need to define the vulnerability and resilience factors for addictive disorders, and how each individual perceives the experience of intoxication with psychoactive substances can contribute to the description of a person’s path from the status of an occasional user to that of a patient diagnosed with a SUD. This literature review is focused on self-experiments with psychoactive substances in the scientific and literary world, presented in parallel with data obtained from studies with healthy volunteers or clinical trials. All relevant reports found during the literature search that were based on exploring the psychological effects of psychoactive substances during intoxication were reviewed. In this first article, the most relevant self experiments from the scientific world (where mescaline and LSD were used), as well as clinical experimental data (that involved the use of alcohol, opioids, cannabis, PCP, cocaine, hallucinogens, and amphetamines) will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los datos estadísticos de la incidencia de los casos de intoxicaciones reportados al Centro Nacional de Control de intoxicaciones (CNCI) y las consultas médicas brindadas en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS) y en el Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia (IAFA) debido a consumo de alcohol, derivados del cannabis y cocaína, en adultos de 18-65 años durante los años 2019-2020 en Costa Rica. Además de analizar la relación epidemiológica de los datos anteriores con el inicio de la pandemia en el año 2020. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, mediante la utilización de pruebas estadísticas como T student, Chi cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación lineal. Las intoxicaciones por alcohol evidenciaron un aumento del 49% en el número total absoluto de casos (p=0,0140) en el año 2020. Además, el número de atenciones asociadas a su consumo de cocaína en el IAFA disminuyeron en un 9.5% durante el año 2020. Mientras que se documentó un coeficiente de Pearson de 0,6193 para el consumo de alcohol asociado a los casos positivos por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Durante el inicio de la pandemia el número de casos de intoxicaciones reportadas por el CNCI por consumo de alcohol aumentaron un 49% para el año 2020 con respecto al año 2019, esto en correlación positiva con el aumento de casos nuevos positivos por COVID-19 durante el año 2020. No cumpliéndose así para el caso del consumo de cannabis y cocaína.

Este artículo trata de demostrar que la situación de inseguridad en el golfo de Guinea constituye un problema de importancia para la seguridad de la Unión Europea, y más concretamente para la seguridad de España. En este sentido, se defiende que la forma en la que la Unión se ha aproximado a este problema de seguridad, no ha sido ni es el adecuado ya que, a pesar de reconocer la situación de inseguridad en esta región, no se han aplicado los mismos parámetros a la hora de evaluar la necesidad de implementar una operación militar en el Cuerno de África y en el golfo de Guinea. El resultado ha sido el mantenimiento de la operación “Atalanta” en una zona sin ataques piratas desde 2019 hasta finales del 2023, y la ausencia de una misión similar en el golfo de Guinea.

Objective: To report a pediatric case of drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy caused by cocaine Case description: We report a nine-month-old patient who developed thrombotic microangiopathies after extreme cocaine intoxication, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with hemodynamic dysfunction, anuric renal failure, liver failure, encephalopathy, and myocardial injury, corresponding phenotypically to thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure. The patient received continuous venous hemofiltration and therapeutic plasma exchange, recovering satisfactorily. She was discharged after 30 days of hospitalization under the guidance of the childcare service, and was healthy after one year of follow-up. Toxicological samples confirmed high levels of cocaine and derivatives in blood, urine and hair. Comments: To our knowledge, this is the first reported pediatric case. There are particularities of cocaine intoxication pathophysiology that can trigger thrombotic microangiopathies because of vasoconstriction, direct endothelial injury, platelet activation, and increasing von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen levels. All of which results in a prothrombotic state, inflammatory dysregulation, and microvascular thrombi. The increasing use of cocaine, especially among young adults, puts children at high risk of toxicity, either by passive unintentional exposure, or abuse due to the increased availability in homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMO Uma reflexão a respeito da internação compulsória de usuários adultos de crack, à luz da abordagem da bioética da proteção revela que a política de atenção aos usuários de crack deve ter como escopo as políticas sociais, ao invés da centralidade dos recursos médicos, uma vez que grande parte das questões associadas ao consumo não se encontra nesse âmbito, mas entrelaçadas às questões sociais, educacionais e jurídicas. Desta maneira, acionar políticas emergenciais pautadas na internação involuntária provoca a retomada de modelos de intervenção amplamente criticados por profissionais da área da saúde, por pesquisadores da área de ciências humanas e sociais, perpetuando um retrocesso.

RESUMO Com o objetivo de cartografar a experiência de usuários de crack em Recife, este estudo foi desenvolvido com usuários de crack em tratamento, totalizando 12 entrevistas. A pesquisa foi qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica pautada no pensamento de Husserl e1 no método de Giorgi. Este método inclui 04 passos: O sentido do todo; Discriminação de Unidades de Significados; Compreensão psicológica das Unidades de Significados; Composição de sínteses especificas e gerais. As Unidades de Significado apontaram diversos aspectos e nesse artigo destacaremos 04: O crack como experiência de ser dependente; As marcas do início de um caminho. O significado do encontro com a pedra; e a sensação do consumo do crack. Diante da complexidade das questões, grandes desafios estão postos para o cuidado aos usuários de crack. Torna-se fundamental uma reflexão contínua sobre essa prática.

Introduction In Brazil, there are 125,000 hospitalizations a year for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) at a high socio-economic cost, causing serious and permanent sequelae, often associated with the use of alcohol, cocaine and marijuana.

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Este artículo describe y analiza el sistema de actores, actividades y tareas que componen la producción y comercio de cocaína en el Perú. Basado en el análisis de entrevistas a informantes clave y reportes sobre el comercio de cocaína, el resultado principal muestra un sistema que funciona como una lógica segmentaria y dispersa, con actores que compiten entre sí y que se organizan de manera coyuntural. Esto discute la idea de un monopolio concentrado en grandes organizaciones criminales piramidales y transnacionales que controlan el mercado, y muestra, más bien, el carácter difuso de un sistema que asemeja una economía de mercado de commodities globales, con diversos agentes tercerizados y parcelas de trabajo

«O antropólogo australiano Michael Taussig, é também formado em medicina e atualmente é professor da Universidade de Columbia, nos EUA, e da European Graduate School, na Suíça, e esteve parte de sua vida relacionado com a Universidad del Cauca, na cidade de Popayán, Cauca, Colômbia. Nos anos 1970, e mais assiduamente entre 1990 e 2002, Taussig esteve inúmeras vezes em regiões próximas à Costa Pacífica colombiana na região de Timbiquí, no litoral do Estado de Cauca. A intenção do autor era escrever um livro sobre as pessoas e a mineração, mas a presença em campo o fez perceber que à medida que a aparição do ouro diminuía, a presença da cocaína aumentava, principalmente no final da década de 1990 e início dos anos 2000. Assim nasce o livro ‘Mi Museo de la Cocaína’, tradução do original ‘My Cocaine Museum’ (2004). A obra é composta por 31 breves capítulos e um epílogo, além de notas sobre a tradução realizada por Cristóbal Gnecco. Esta brilhante versão em espanhol é fruto do cuidadoso trabalho de Gnecco em preservar as intenções da escrita original, mantendo a fluidez e o movimento proposto na escrita etnográfica de Taussig, que segundo o tradutor Cristóbal, eleva o relato etnográfico à condição de obra poética. O livro apresenta o compromisso do autor com os acontecimentos do cotidiano, e propicia uma rica e provocativa etnografia ao compartilhar vivências e experiências, que já elaboradas na escrita, nos convida a passear pela imaginação e refletir sobre as contradições presentes nas realidades da formação histórica e atual das sociedades latino-americanas.»

O relato de caso apresentado neste trabalho, aborda a relação do uso da cocaína e o acidente vascular cerebral após um paciente adulto jovem chegar a uma unidade especializada com déficits neurológicos e histórico de uso de drogas ilícitas de forma aguda e de longa data, sem outras comorbidades constatadas. Além disso, apresentou exames laboratoriais e sorológicos sem alterações significativas. O único fator de risco identificado no caso em tela para o acidente vascular foi, portanto, o uso de cocaína. Assim, neste trabalho, enfatiza-se eventual relação entre o uso da cocaína com o caso em tela.

Objetivo: compreender as Representações Sociais do planejamento e do desejo de exercer a maternidade em gestantes usuárias de drogas que vivencia/vivenciou a gravidez na adolescência. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram entrevistadas 10 adolescentes que vivenciaram a gestação e o uso de drogas. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da Análise Textual Discursiva. Resultados: os resultados apontaram falta de conhecimento sobre aspectos da vida sexual e uso de anticoncepcionais. A droga ocupou o espaço vazio de solidão e medo, sendo uma forma encontrada pelas adolescentes de lidar com os problemas da vida. Apesar de muitas não terem planejado a gestação, esse processo motivou a diminuição do uso da substância. Conclusão: o estudo revelou a necessidade de diálogo sobre o processo gestacional na adolescência e uso de drogas, bem como, a importância de pesquisas e ações governamentais que abordem este problema de saúde pública.

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This article aims to reconstruct the market and the rise of cocaine consumption through the analysis of the case study of Julian March during the transitional phase that followed World War I. Through the study of local periodicals, both the public perception of the phenomenon and the way cocaine was trafficked in the region are examined, attempting to identify those involved in the market from both the demand and supply sides. Central to the trafficking and smuggling of cocaine was the role of women, who in scientific literature and novels were instead presented either as victims or as temptresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Some situations put Cuba at risk for drug use, such as an increase in tourism, relations with countries that have high rates of substance abuse, the geographic location in drug trafficking corridors, and the high prevalence of "opening doors" drugs. In this regard, the National Health System must be prepared to prevent the problem and care for those affected, so it is necessary to maintain updated information on risk factors and main products used by consumers. In the present literature review on the subject, it is sought to draw the attention of health workers to this point, data on the magnitude of the problem and elements of its background are offered, as well as drug classification, the risk factors associated with its use and the legal bases for its control in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para el año 2021 se calcula que 36 millones de personas desarrollaron trastornos por consumo de sustancias a nivel mundial. En Colombia, el tabaco y la cocaína son dos de las sustancias legales e ilegales de mayor consumo. El craving, o deseo de consumo, es una característica asociada a los trastornos por uso de sustancias que a su vez es una de las razones que explica las recaídas y abandono de los procesos terapéuticos. Una potencial estrategia terapéutica para su tratamiento es el uso de N acetilcisteína, la cual se ha visto implicada en la regulación de los niveles de los neurotransmisores cisteína y glutamato. Esta revisión narrativa busca esbozar los mecanismos farmacológicos de la N acetilcisteína y revisar la evidencia actual sobre su utilidad en el craving por cocaína y tabaco. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura obteniendo 12 artículos entre el periodo 2015-2021, en su mayoría con limitaciones metodológicas. La evidencia reciente sostiene que puede existir una plausibilidad biológica para el uso de N acetilcisteína como coadyuvante en el manejo del craving, pero aún es carente de información robusta para su uso difundido o para generar recomendaciones.

El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue comparar el desempeño de las redes neurales artificiales con la regresión lineal múltiple en la predicción de la actividad biológica de los análogos de la cocaína a partir de descriptores moleculares. Para esto, se seleccionó un conjunto de 14 descriptores moleculares agrupados en descriptores químicos cuánticos y descriptores de la estructura tridimensional de la molécula y se calcularon sus valores de forma teórica, para 65 estructuras análogas de la cocaína, realizándose luego la construcción del modelo de redes neurales artificiales y regresión lineal múltiple, para la predicción de la actividad biológica expresada como afinidad (IC50). Se encontró que las redes neurales artificiales presentaron un R2 de 0,8651, mientras que la regresión múltiple lineal presentó un valor de R2 de 0,039, lo que indica que las redes neurales artificiales tienen un mejor desempeño que la regresión múltiple lineal en la predicción de la actividad biológica de los análogos de la cocaína a partir de los descriptores moleculares seleccionados, y que el efecto de los descriptores sobre la actividad biológica es de naturaleza no lineal.

There are some situations that put Cuba at risk in terms of drug use, including the increase in tourism, relations with countries that have high rates of use, the geographic location in drug trafficking corridors, and the high prevalence of portering drugs. In this regard, the National Health System must be prepared to prevent the problem and care for those affected, so it is necessary to maintain updated information on risk factors and the main products used by consumers. In the present bibliographical review on the subject, it is sought to draw the attention of health workers in this regard, data on the magnitude of the problem are offered and elements of its background are addressed, as well as drugs classification of, the risk factors associated with its use and the legal bases for its control in Cuba.

The article discusses the transportation of cocaine in Brazil, both for the external and internal markets. Criminal factions such as the PCC and CV have expanded their activities in border regions with producing and transit countries. Brazil has become one of the main importers and exporters of cocaine, and different criminal actors are involved in this illicit trade. The text highlights the importance of the concept of "navigation" to understand the practices and knowledge of the transporters. The Port of Santos is an important point in this route, being used as a crossing or suffocation point for the merchandise. Brazilian factions are increasingly present in ports and airports, reconfiguring global value chains. The expansion of factions occurs through relationships with local actors and networks of work and protection. The circulation of drugs involves politicians, state agents, inspectors, and port workers who engage in illicit activities. Brazil has become an important logistical hub in the cocaine value chain, with infrastructure such as the Port of Santos being used to channel large quantities of drugs. [Extracted from the article]

Cocaine is one of the most consumed illegal substances and Colombia is no exception. It is the second most consumed among the illegal substances after cannabis. Due to its very mechanism of action, which produces an increase in biogenic amines, different risks, both acute and chronic, have been associated with cocaine, and among its complications, behavioral changes, cardiovascular and neurological compromise have been described. The co-ingestion of cocaine and alcohol gives rise to a metabolite known as cocaethylene, which leads to cardiovascular complications. Little has been described about the risk of cocaine or cocaine and alcohol co-ingestion, as a summative factor, for pancreatitis. We report three young patients consuming the alkaloid who developed acute pancreatitis, two of whom died. The objective of this report is to sensitize health workers about another risk to consider in cocaine-consuming patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) classifies Colombia as one of the countries where drug trafficking and crime threaten the security, peace and development opportunities of its citizens. Objective-- This article presents the application of the unsupervised K-means classification algorithm to categorize municipalities with coca cultivation presence in Colombia. Methodology- The CRISP-DM methodology was used for data mining, and the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) algorithm was used for the correlation of variables. Results-- Multiple sources of information were used, such as: the number of hectares of coca per municipality, seizures, laboratories destroyed, manual eradication and fumigation, monitored by national institutions, in order to make crosses with socioeconomic and performance variables of the municipalities with coca crops in the period from 2010 to 2020. Based on the classification, the scenarios of each category were analyzed to find scenarios that allow elucidating the dynamics of the territories suffering from this scourge. Conclusions-- It was found that the behavior of coca-producing municipalities responds mainly to 4 groups. It was also found that the municipality of Tumaco in Nariño does not fit into any category since it exceeds the production with respect to the other municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cocaine and some of its main adulterants, such as levamisole, can cause multiple cutaneous and mucosal manifestations, including ischemic complications, neutrophilic dermatoses, midline destructive lesions, and vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Striking systemic symptoms are generally not seen. In all these conditions, positive test results may be observed for antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, and various ANCAs, sometimes with characteristic staining patterns. Histology typically shows vascular changes, such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, and thrombi. We review the clinical, serologic, and histologic features of cutaneous and mucosal conditions associated with the use of cocaine and also look at pathophysiologic mechanisms, differential diagnoses, and treatments. Resumen: El consumo de cocaína, junto con algunos de sus adulterantes más frecuentes como el levamisol, puede provocar múltiples procesos cutáneos y mucosos, ya sean de índole isquémico, dermatosis neutrofílicas, lesiones destructivas de la línea media y vasculitis asociadas a ANCA, entre otros. Generalmente no se asocia clínica sistémica llamativa. Todos estos cuadros pueden presentar anticuerpos antinucleares, antifosfolípido y contra distintos antígenos de los neutrófilos, en ocasiones con un patrón característico. El estudio histológico suele mostrar cambios vasculares, como vasculitis leucocitoclástica, necrosis de la pared y trombos. En este artículo revisamos las características clínicas, serológicas e histológicas de estas entidades, junto con los mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados, el diagnóstico diferencial y su tratamiento.

Use of psychoactive substances is considered a public health problem that affects men and women daily. Over the years the use of cocaine in women has been increasing and given to its "enhancing" effects on sexual performance is not unusual for use within sexual intercourse, where women often develop substance use disorders, female sexual dysfunctions and risky sexual behaviors more quickly, placing them in a situation of significant vulnerability. The aim of this work was to review the literature linking cocaine use and the implications on sexual function and sexual behavior of women. The search showed 2005 papers that matched the search criteria that related these variables, however 66 papers was selected. Cocaine was found to have favorable and detrimental effects on women's sexual functioning, as well as a higher likelihood of being involved in risky sexual behaviors. Discussions are made on the need for greater appropriation since research and comprehensive assessments and interventions covering women's drug use and sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the scores, associations and predictions between attachment orientations, emotion regulation and family functioning, in people with substance use disorders. For this purpose, a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational and predictive study was carried out, in which 183 adults participated (143 men and 40 women), who had cocaine use disorders and did not receive treatment. Results indicated that the majority of the group presented high scores for insecure attachment in close relationships in general (both in avoidance and anxiety), lack of emotional acceptance, and low scores for family cohesion and flexibility. In addition, significant associations were found between difficulties in emotion regulation, insecure attachment orientations and family functioning, the latter two predicting the former, and insecure attachment being the factor that contributed most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to get to know the capacity for self-regulation, the level of self-confidence to resist use and their relationship with the presence of personality disorders, abstinence and use-related beliefs. The sample consisted of 74 patients with cocaine addiction in outpatient treatment, with a mean age of 33 years, of which 94.6% were men, and 64.9% were patients with dual pathology at the start of treatment. Results showed that the planning phase of the self-regulation process is related to the level of self-confidence to resist use, the time of abstinence or the use-related beliefs. Patients with a personality disorder differ from the rest only in the motivation phase. There is a greater vulnerability regarding the planning phase, an aspect that should be taken into account throughout the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las temáticas de la influencia de la cocaína en Freud y la embriaguez en Nietzsche han sido escasamente laboradas; cuando lo han sido, en el primero generalmente se ha abordado desde una perspectiva histórica, o relativa al consumo de Freud; en el segundo, como uno más de los elementos que hacen a la concepción del arte –esta última, extensamente trabajada. El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar cuenta que la embriaguez y la influencia de la cocaína, lejos de ser aspectos episódicos, laterales o superados, marcan aquello de la perspectiva estético-ética que es desplegado de modo continuo a lo largo de las obras de Nietzsche y Freud, modelando la conceptualidad y las consideraciones sobre la vida, la guerra, los hombres superiores, la aptitud de analista, la cultura de la época- y en términos más amplios: la relación entre el mundo y el viviente.

La presente revisión de literatura hace referencia a los modelos que la neuropsicología manifiesta en relación a la drogodependencia, con el propósito de explicar el origen y desarrollo de los trastornos adictivos, respaldados por medio de la neuroimagen. El modelo clásico de la adicción, propuesto por Wikel (1965), el cual fue reformulado por nuevos modelos, entre los más destacados, el modelo basado en la transición entre impulsividad y compulsión de Everitt y Robbins (2005), el modelo de alostasis y estrés de Koob y Le Moal (2001, 2008), y el modelo de la sensibilización al incentivo de Robinson y Berridge (2001, 2003, 2008). De manera alternativa surgió el modelo (I-RISA) de Goldstein y Volkow (2002). Al final se formuló el modelo somático de las drogodependencias propuesto por Verdejo-García y Bechara (2009) y Pérez-García y Bechara (2006). Por último se aborda la recuperación o rehabilitación de la adicción desde una perspectiva neurológica y neuropsicológica.

El consumo de cocaína continúa siendo un problema social importante con un impacto significativo en la salud de la población expuesta, en un alto porcentaje integrada por adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Entre las complicaciones cardiovasculares asociadas al consumo de cocaína, se encuentra el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), la muerte súbita, las arritmias, el edema pulmonar, la miocarditis, la endocarditis, la disección aórtica, las crisis hipertensivas y el accidente cerebrovascular. El objetivo es presentar tres pacientes jóvenes con infarto agudo de miocardio asociado al consumo de cocaína.

RESUMO: este artigo buscou identificar as desordens mentais, os níveis de impulsividade e agressividade dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas da população em situação de rua. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal. Os dados foram coletados em comunidades acolhedoras e Centro Especializado para a População em Situação de Rua. Foram estudados 52 sujeitos, em que a maioria foi masculina, solteira e baixo nível educacional. Quanto às desordens mentais encontradas mais prevalentes foram episódio depressivo maior atual, risco de suicídio, dependência/abuso do álcool. A média de escore total da impulsividade foi de 71,6 (DP±10,7) e quanto a subcategorização com maior escore destacou-se a impulsividade por não planejamento (média: 26,2; DP± 5,2). Quanto aos níveis de agressividade foi obtido um escore total (média: 84,7; DP±21,9) com maior escore para agressividade (média:19; DP± 21,9). Pode-se concluir que o uso de drogas apresentou uma alta frequência de desordens mentais e níveis elevados de impulsividade e agressividade.

El estrés es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que pueden inducir al ser humano a desarrollar trastornos como la depresión, la ansiedad o el consumo de drogas. Una de las principales fuentes de estrés es la interacción social, que puede llevar a situaciones como el acoso escolar o laboral. En este artículo revisaremos la estrecha relación que existe entre la exposición a situaciones estresantes y el incremento en el consumo de la cocaína o el alcohol. Expondremos los principales resultados obtenidos con modelos animales ya que nos permiten estudiar los mecanismos cerebrales involucrados en el impacto del estrés sobre el consumo de drogas. Para concluir, detallaremos los principales mecanismos que explicarían el potente efecto que produce el estrés sobre el consumo de drogas.

Cocaine is one of the most consumed ilegal drugs in Europe, with Spain heading the list. The recent appearance of levamisol-adulterated cocaine has led to new cases of severe neutropenia and necrotizing vasculitis among consumers. We report a case of a patient with bilateral auricular necrosis after levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Adulteration of cocaine with levamisole can lead to inmunological vasculitis-like response causing irreversible skin nerosis if continuosly consumed. Aspirin and corticotherapy treatment are still controversial. Although skin necrosis secondary to levamisole-adulterated cocaine is still unusual, diagnosis and early treatment of this kind of entity is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Medica is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)