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Owners value heritage goods, items that connect them to a shared past, whether through their alma mater or their family history. This research considers the impact of heritage on owners who wish to sell such goods. In five studies, the authors demonstrate that sellers have a lower willingness to accept when selling heritage goods to buyers with a shared heritage connection relative to buyers without this connection (i.e., a heritage discount). This heritage discount cannot be explained by ingroup favoritism, sentimental value, or appropriateness of buyer usage and persists even when sellers perceive that the buyer has a higher willingness to pay. The authors provide process evidence that the effect of the buyer's identity on the seller's willingness to accept is driven by concerns about heritage loss. The findings contribute to literatures on sharing, sentimental goods, psychological ownership, and the endowment effect and have marketing implications for consumer goods (e.g., collectibles) that derive product value by connecting consumers to meaningful history and traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the campaign by Italian military and civilian authorities following the 8 September 1943 armistice to whitewash the war crimes committed by Italian units from 1940 to 1943 in occupied Europe. This campaign followed a two-pronged strategy: first, the transformation of the Italians from perpetrators to victims by distinguishing the Italians from their former German allies and highlighting war crimes against them; and second, the use of fictitious trials to whitewash the records of military commanders. This concerted effort was finally sanctioned by the Western Allies in the increasingly confrontational climate of the Cold War to bolster one of their main partners, whom they needed to contain the spread of communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the soundscape of the permanent exhibition at the Second World War Museum in Gdansk, an aspect that has received less attention in the scholarship. The exhibition and its soundscape are considered here as memory apparatuses, whose function is to disseminate and co-create national and transnational memory of the Second World War, while also relating visitors to the past and situating them within a remembering community. Highlighting 'sonic icons' and sound mnemotopoi as constituent components of the exhibition, the article examines the role of the exhibition's sound layer in constructing its visitors' affective recipient experience. Keywords: Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk; memory apparatus; museum soundscape; sonic icon; sound mnemotopos, The Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk is one of Poland's most modern and important narrative history museums. The decision on the museum's location was made by the [...]

This study deals with journalistic coverage of historical events and their contextualization. It conceptualizes the relationship between history, collective memory, and contemporary media logic. It shows the specific treatment of news values on historical topics and the penetration of entertainment elements into the resulting media content. The case study analyzes the discrepancy between the perceived importance of some historical events in Czech society and their journalistic coverage using the example of Czech media production in the year of round anniversaries in 2018. It utilizes the concept of news values and identifies similar procedures in presenting historical events in the media. The result is a more robust media reminder for those events that meet specific news values for historical topics. Content analysis has shown that the media choose more significant media coverage of other anniversaries than those considered by the Czechs to be the most important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsAlthough medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are effective for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), persistent barriers still prevent patients from accessing this life-saving care. Policies to increase MOUD access have produced suboptimal results. This study presents a qualitative system dynamics model that elucidates the complexities of accessing and staying in MOUD treatment.We utilized a community-based system dynamics approach to modeling the MOUD treatment system. We engaged a cohort of system experts/stakeholders, including individuals who had received MOUD, treatment providers, and policymakers, in interviews and group model building to develop and refine a simulation model. We then created a qualitative causal loop diagram based on insights gained while developing the simulation model and a review of interview transcripts.The causal loop diagram captures four key factors affecting treatment initiation, retention, and leaving: (1) fraught interactions between patients and healthcare providers; (2) stigma-driven regulation of MOUD creating a culture of fear and defensive medicine; (3) a punitive culture in clinics and opioid treatment programs offering MOUD; and (4) the internalization of the abstinence narrative contributing to premature termination of treatment.Our analysis highlights how interdependent and non-linear feedback processes diminish or counteract the effectiveness and sustainability of MOUD policy interventions. Due to system memory and cultural resistance to change, even rolling back reactionary policies may do little to curb established behavioral patterns. In addition, conflicting and competing strategies among various actors within the system contribute to goal misalignment and a lack of standardization of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social‐ecological memory (SEM) may be a key source of resilience in social‐ecological systems (SES), allowing for renewal and reorganisation after disturbances. This study provides an overview of the genesis and evolution of the SEM concept, its research trends and gaps, and its potential applicability to geographical thought. Combining systematic review and bibliometric analysis, we collected 219 records published in the last two decades, which were reduced to 87 relevant records after applying the inclusion/exclusion criterion. The results indicate that interest in SEM research is growing, but wide acceptance and concordance around terminology are still lagging. The concept has substantially evolved and expanded over the last decade but remains mostly abstract and conceptual. Research has focused predominantly on European countries, rural contexts, and westernised societies, identified multiple disturbances and ecosystem services as driving the maintenance and evolution of SEM, and highlighted an unequal interest between social and ecological memory carriers. Our review underlines the strong pertinence of the SEM concept for the study and management of social‐ecological systems, which would benefit from the development of application strategies and tools. In the future, researchers should seek to expand the idea of social‐ecological memory into an applied field having clearer links and boundaries with more established concepts important in geography, among them traditional ecological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between collective memory and individual second‐language (L2) learning motivation as articulated in a qualitative research study with language revitalization practitioners. These practitioners learn and teach their languages and engage in other activities in order to bring Indigenous or ancestral languages into new use following a period of loss. In this study, 28 revitalization practitioners from eight language communities were interviewed about why they choose to learn their languages, what challenges they face, and what supports them in their practice. Interviews were first analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and were subsequently analyzed deductively to engage with research on the functions of autobiographical memory. Findings show how collective memories are made salient in the language revitalization experience, how individuals grapple with painful memories of what their communities and families endured as a result of colonization, and how these collective memories impact individual L2 motivation. These findings illustrate the importance of collective memory in theorizing L2 motivation in order to enhance understanding of context, dismantle overly individualistic interpretations of L2 motivation models, and open avenues for critically engaging with historical trauma and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the discursive construction of secular martyrdom in contemporary Arab discourse by analysing 215 Arabic public martyr texts in which martyrdom was used in non-religious contexts. Theoretically grounded in notions of memory [Castelli, E., 2004. Martyrdom and memory. New York: Columbia University Press] and embodied martyrdom [DeSoucey, M., et al., 2008. Memory and sacrifice: An embodied theory of martyrdom. Cultural sociology, 2 (1), 99–121]. The analysis shows that Arab secular martyrdom is employed to memorialise people who lost their lives as a result of political assassination, while performing a public duty or expressing dissenting political views, or who were victims of tragic disasters or killed as journalists while covering conflicts. These secular martyrs are discursively constructed as victims of oppression, injustice or bureaucratic failure and neglect. While religious references are used in these texts, they can be seen as formulaic expressions that do not confer religious meanings upon the martyrdom event. However, their use points to the fluidity of martyrdom within the religious-secular dichotomy and the non-fixity of this binary. The discursive construction of Arab secular martyrdom offers support to a theoretical conceptualisation of secular martyrdom in terms of collective memory, sacrifice, victimhood and bodily suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to verify whether volunteering and environmentalism are two phenomena that overlap both conceptually and empirically. The actions for the protection and enhancement of rivers in Italy are taken as a testing ground. Two packages of literature are used to understand the overlap between volunteering and environmentalism, one on neo-institutionalism and the other on new social movements. The starting framework is a general typology of voluntary organisations, which is then adapted to the environmental movement. The hypothesis of growing disintermediation and light commitment by the new generations of volunteers finds original answers in river volunteering. Alongside classic environmentalist militancy, forms of popular action in favour of rivers are emerging that show detachment from politics and attraction to intrinsic benefits, such as the pleasure of recreation and collective memory recovery. This raises new questions about the role of organised civil society in maintaining democracy and helping the ecological transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay utilises a series of oral history interviews conducted with women in West Belfast to consider the role of community nostalgia and transgenerational trauma within the post-accord landscape. It argues that nostalgia should not be dismissed as an unreliable assessor of historic communality and instead highlights its importance in understanding post-conflict community atomisation. Equally, it advocates for an understanding that nostalgic sentiments can co-exist alongside traumatic recollections and understandings of generational traumas. The simultaneous expression of these dichotomous feelings reveals the intricacies of women's collective remembrance, and the continued impact of historic traumas on present-day communities in West Belfast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoration has long used the reference concept as a cornerstone in setting targets, designing interventions, and benchmarking success. Following the initial applications of restoration references, however, the definition and broader relevance has been debated. Particularly in an era of directional global change, using historic or even contemporary ecosystem models has been contentious among restoration scientists and practitioners. In response, there have been calls for increasing flexibility in how references are defined and diversifying sources of data used to describe a reference. Previous frameworks suggest reference information can be drawn from sources across two main axes of time and space, covering historic to contemporary sources, and near to far spatial scales. We extend these axes by including future projections of climate and species composition and regional ecological information that is spatially disconnected from defined ecosystem types. Using this new framework, we conducted a review of restoration literature published between 2010 and 2020, extracting the temporal and spatial scales of reference data and classifying reference metrics by data type. The studies overwhelmingly focused on contemporary, ecosystem‐specific references to benchmark a completed project's success. The most commonly reported reference metrics were plant‐based, and contemporary reference data sources were more diverse than historical or future reference data. As global conditions continue to shift, we suggest that restoration projects would benefit by expanding reference site information to include forecasted and spatially diverse data. A greater diversity of data sources can enable higher flexibility and long‐term restoration success in the face of global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the exhibition "Tiana's Bayou Adventure" at the Walt Disney Imagineering with Walt Disney Animation Studios in Florida from June 27, 2024.

The text discusses the significance of opening Australia's multilingual archive, exploring the interplay between power, knowledge, and collective memory in the national archive. It delves into the impact of language and translation on Australian history-making, highlighting the challenges faced by migrants in the Anglophone West and the dominance of the English language. The article emphasizes the importance of multilingualism in reshaping historical narratives, challenging traditional structures, and enriching Australia's complex place in the world. [Extracted from the article]

National archives, libraries, and museums both expose and, directly or indirectly, collude with the military, legal, political, and rhetorical processes of exclusion that tend to obfuscate people's subjectivities. In this article, official spaces assigned to preserve national memory are placed into dialogue with other archival sites of memory preservation and retrieval of family and community past. By looking at the connections between diverse documents related to Italian-speaking individuals who were prisoners of war and civilian internees in Australia, during World War II, the article investigates how this material can be used to question hegemonic discourses and counters the 'monolingual paradigm'. Letters, diaries, and memoirs that account captivity and marginalisation during wartime offer cases of polyvocal texts as both creative and privileged sites of speech acts, discursive and material interactions where we can locate spaces of agency, connection and affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses various books that explore the relationship between urban environments and nature, focusing on topics such as rivers, street trees, and urban green spaces. Authors like Martin Knoll, Sonja Dümpelmann, Kristin Poling, and Flavia Alice Mameli et al. analyze how cities interact with nature, the impact of scientific expertise on policymaking, and the role of citizen participation in shaping urban spaces. These books provide insights into the historical, cultural, and social dimensions of urban nature, highlighting the complexities of governance, citizen empowerment, and environmental sustainability in urban settings. [Extracted from the article]

This article focuses on Major Gualberto Villarroel's dictatorship in Bolivia (1943-1946), his murder, and the reanimation of his memory as a Bolivian national hero by the MNR party or Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement). This nationalist party forged out of the crucible of the Chaco War, between Bolivia and Paraguay during 1932-1935, was an important factor in Bolivian politics throughout the twentieth century and initially came to power through an urban insurrection in April 1952. The article specifically uses the case of Gualberto Villarroel to explore why some national heroes are missing from the La Paz cemetery, how the MNR chose to commemorate the Revolution of 1952 and Villarroel's martyrdom for the MNR in 1946, and how the MNR used those events to colonize urban space, to shape collective memory, and to silence popular historical actors. The MNR's choice in making Villarroel a martyr required a revision of historical reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the ways in which the memory of transnational traumatic events of war and conflict of the past have been represented at Wellington's waterfront and whether the site, with its multitude of memorial plaques, can be read as a lieu de mémoire. The study focuses on three commemorative plaques: the memorial plaque to those New Zealanders who took part in the Spanish Civil War (2011); the commemorative plaque to the Polish children of Pahīatua (2004); and the memorial plaque commemorating the arrival of the United States Marine Corps to New Zealand (1951/2000). It, first, examines the memory entrepreneurs behind the commemoration of the events the plaques depict and analyse whether these agents engaged in bottom-up or top-down mnemonic practices and activities (or a mixture of these). Second, it analyses the significance of these memorials in the collective memory of contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates unofficial memory projects that have arisen in Australia in response to the institutional abuse of children. While the role of activists in pushing for the enactment of state responses is beginning to be understood, activist demands for recognition have taken a multitude of forms beyond this. Unofficial memory projects are indicative of this, exemplified by a diverse range of publicly situated cultural forms that re-present abuse to wider audiences. Focusing on two examples that have arisen in Australia in recent years – the grassroots phenomenon known as Loud Fence that grew out of the Victorian town of Ballarat, and the Australian Orphanage Museum that was established by Care leavers in 2023 – I examine these as examples of memory activism which generate counter-archives of institutional violence against children. Loud Fence does so upon institutional fences at the level of the streetscape, while the AOM does so by curating a museum space that honours the experiences of childhood 'Care'. Seeking to decentre the state from this analysis, I demonstrate how such examples enliven the fast and slow violence of child abuse and neglect, and the role of non-state actors when it comes to the recalibration of collective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Chips from the Quarry" in the journal "Rocks & Minerals" discusses the history of the famed mineral locality Mont Saint-Hilaire in Québec, featuring previous articles on the quarry from 1986 and 1995. It also mentions the end of the Rochester Mineralogical Symposium and highlights upcoming events like the 2025 Tucson Show. Additionally, it invites nominations for mineralogical awards and acknowledges contributions from various mineral societies and individuals. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are being increasingly recognized in association with autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). We investigated the prevalence of sleep-related symptoms and polysomnographic features of patients with AIE and the long-term outcomes in these patients in a multi-center, prospective study from Turkey. Methods: We prospectively evaluated patients with definite AIE in a common database including demographics, AIE-related and sleep-related symptomatology. Maximum and latest modified Rankin scores (mRS) and Liverpool Outcome Score (LOS) were noted. Results: Of 142 patients, 87 patients (61.3%) fulfilled the criteria for definite AIE (mean age, 46.8+18.8 years; 51.7% women; mean disease duration, 21.0+38.4 months). 78.9% of patients had at least one or more new onset or worsened sleep-related symptomatology: insomnia (55.3%), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS, 28.0%), sleep apnea (18.7%), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD, 17.3%), restless legs syndrome (10.7%) and oneiric stupor (9.3%). Sleep efficiency, N3 and REM sleep were decreased and N1 sleep was increased in patients with Ab[+] AIE. LOS points were highest in those with insomnia and sleep apnea, and lowest in those with EDS, RBD and oneiric stupor. RBD and sleep apnea were more common in anti-LG1 Ab[+] group than anti-NMDAR Ab[+] group. Index of periodic leg movements was highest in anti-LG1 Ab[+] group. Patients with EDS and oneiric stupor had more common memory problems. Maximum and latest mRS scores were positively correlated with EDS and oneiric stupor. EDS, RBD and oneiric stupor were negatively correlated with LOS points. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the presence and importance of early diagnosis of sleep disturbances in AIE in regard to their deteriorative influences on disease prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using grief as a node of beginning, this paper considers how all qualitative writing is an intra-action through which the process of engaging with one's memory, remembering, and collective memory co-constitutes subjectivities and agency within and across the writing process. Therefore, this paper argues that through writing qualitatively, both the author, as well as broader sociopolitical norms and values be and become in ways that are worth our attention and intention as researchers and participants in local and less local contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to describe the evolution of the available subject heading list, i.e. the CC Soggettario (Carabinieri Corps Soggettario), towards a thesaurus, that is CCThes (Carabinieri Corps Thesaurus), to support subject indexing and retrieval of the documentary heritage held by the Historical Office of the General Command of the Carabinieri Corps. This work follows the need to implement a controlled vocabulary compliant with the state-of-the-art standards. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology implements the practice of reengineering available vocabularies, following standardised guidelines for thesaurus development. The conversion process includes the balance maintenance of what has been achieved in the CC Soggettario and the enrichment of the semantic structure in the thesaurus by using both deductive and inductive methods. Findings: The main result of this study is a thesaurus compliant with ISO 29964-1:2011 recommendations, which improves information retrieval performances and interoperability with other vocabularies and applications. It generally has a mono-hierarchical structure with the possibility of admitting, as an exception, the poly-hierarchy for a few concepts. An introductive user guide has been created as a complementary tool to the CCThes. Originality/value: This is an applied study which deals with Knowledge Organisation System (KOS) reengineering and outlines this process using a pragmatic approach. The paper strength lies in providing the description of performed activities and conveying a set of resources to approach KOS reengineering practice. The study is also relevant for the preservation and diffusion of a part of the social memory and identity of Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay utilises a series of oral history interviews conducted with women in West Belfast to consider the role of community nostalgia and transgenerational trauma within the post-accord landscape. It argues that nostalgia should not be dismissed as an unreliable assessor of historic communality and instead highlights its importance in understanding post-conflict community atomisation. Equally, it advocates for an understanding that nostalgic sentiments can co-exist alongside traumatic recollections and understandings of generational traumas. The simultaneous expression of these dichotomous feelings reveals the intricacies of women's collective remembrance, and the continued impact of historic traumas on present-day communities in West Belfast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intellectual and political debates surrounding the Treaty of Trianon continue to play a significant role in Hungarian public life today. However, findings from a representative survey conducted on the centenary of the treaty reveal that these debates are less prominent in public opinion, where a broader consensus appears to have formed regarding the perception of “Trianon”. According to this consensus, the treaty is viewed as unjust and excessive. At the same time, explanations emphasising external factors, particularly the nationalist movements in Central Europe and the geopolitical ambitions of the victorious great powers, dominate public reasoning regarding the causes leading to the treaty. Explanations focusing on internal factors, such as the poor decisions of the political elite at the time or Hungary’s prior nationality policies, appear far less prominently. Objective knowledge about the treaty is also lacking: more than half of the Hungarian population cannot recall the exact year of its signing. This suggests that while the perception of “Trianon” remains a significant topic within the intellectual and political discourse, it is more prominently represented as a form of cultural memory in public opinion and less as an event that shapes national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The memory of Hungary’s political transition of 1989, particularly in the context of public discourse, attracted scholarly attention soon after the events due to perceived failures in parliamentary democracy and a decline in social solidarity. Ongoing political challenges, which shape and define social identity, have sustained persistent scholarly interest in the memory of this transition. This paper explores how the transition was remembered at the turn of the millennium from a middle-ground perspective. We investigate whether the revolution lost its significance for intellectuals from the middle strata of Hungarian society – those who, as part of the cultural, scientific, and bureaucratic sub-elite, did not play a central role in collective decision-making or institutional reform but nonetheless contributed to the transformation from a secondary position. By virtue of their social status, these individuals later influenced the perspectives that shaped the memory of the regime change. Our findings are based on the analysis of 89 life-course interviews conducted between 1997 and 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of approximately 700,000 Hungarian POWs who spent many years in Soviet forced labor camps was an absolute taboo under Communism. It gained public attention only in the aftermath of its collapse. Dozens of memoirs were published, alongside a few reports and documentary films. Additionally, organizations were established to preserve the memory of the former prisoners. However, early representations received little attention in the 1990s and 2000s, even in historical writing. The government declared 2016 and 2017 as Gulag Memorial Years, which provided new impetus for research in this field. New sources were made available through recollections. Regarding historical policy, the government incorporated the prisoners’ stories into its anti Western memory narrative, claiming that the USA was responsible for the tragic fate of the prisoners. However, these suggestions have not yet infiltrated academic historical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, the analysis of survivors’ testimonies did not find its way into historical writing. When it did, these testimonies were often used merely as illustrations of victims’ personal experiences within the Grand Narrative of historians. Over the past 20 years, however, with the opening of several digital oral history archives, these testimonies have become regular sources for historians. Additionally, the memory culture of the Shoah has fundamentally changed in the West since 1989, with the most significant change being the widespread introduction of the concept of trauma. It is widely recognised in psychological and sociological research on Holocaust testimonies and other ego documents that specific analytical methods are required for digital collections. However, Holocaust historians working with these sources have rarely applied such methods. This paper proposes sociological techniques for using and interpreting personal accounts in historical writing. It also examines the historical use of large testimony collections, drawing on current case studies of the Holocaust in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In examining the memoirs written by emigrant Hungarian aristocrats after 1945, it becomes evident that most are shaped primarily by a nostalgic memory of a once-existent Eden in which they were born, prior to the decline of the aristocracy at the end of World War II. Although these authors often lived in the West for several years or even decades, the image of their youthful past – connected to prewar Hungary – remained largely unaffected by the life experiences gained in the democratic Western world. The reason for this may partly lie in the fact that most of the memoirs were written during the Cold War, a period when the victimhood status of the prewar elite under Communist rule could render even the aristocracy an appealing social phenomenon. This suggests that the long-lasting effects of their original socialization provided a stable and enduring psychological foundation for both their 126 personal and group identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hungarian mnemonic practices have transformed over the past decade. Among these changes is a decline in the prominence of remembering communist crimes, alongside efforts to reposition the nation as a community of victims of crimes committed by great powers. Based on these observations, this paper argues that Hungarian public memory no longer aligns with the established post-communist memory framework. It is more appropriate to label it as populist, as Hungarian government practices are comparable to populist movements and politicians from Europe and beyond. Moreover, this emerging memory culture is fundamentally configured around the notion of a struggle between a people and their supranational or imperial oppressors. This paper analyses how this threat is constructed, particularly through mnemonic practices, with specific reference to the recent government-driven reinterpretation of the Trianon peace treaty and its aftermath. This reinterpretation has become a signifier of the destructive effects of cosmopolitan liberalism on a Central Europe of nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During postnatal brain development, maintaining a delicate balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I) is essential for the precise formation of neuronal circuits. The K+/cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is instrumental in this process, and its dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This study utilized zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate the socio-cognitive consequences of KCC2 disruption. Through CRISPR-Cas9 technology, biallelic kcc2a knockout zebrafish larvae were generated, revealing behavioral abnormalities, including impaired social interactions and memory deficits. Molecular analyses unveiled alterations in key genes associated with the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, potentially contributing to E/I imbalance. Additionally, KCC2 disruption influenced the expression of oxytocin and BDNF, crucial regulators of social behaviors, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. The study also explored the therapeutic potential of KCC2 modulation using pharmaceuticals, showing the rescuing effects of CLP-290 and LIT-001 on social abnormalities. However, the selective impact of LIT-001 on social behaviors, not memory, highlights the complexity of neurobehavioral modulation. In summary, this study sheds light on the pivotal role of KCC2 in shaping socio-cognitive functions and suggests potential therapeutic avenues for KCC2-related neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the information centre hypothesis (ICH), colonial species use social information in roosts to locate ephemeral resources. Validating the ICH necessitates showing that uninformed individuals follow informed ones to the new resource. However, following behaviour may not be essential when individuals have a good memory of the resources' locations. For instance, Egyptian fruit bats forage on spatially predictable trees, but some bear fruit at unpredictable times. These circumstances suggest an alternative ICH pathway in which bats learn when fruits emerge from social cues in the roost but then use spatial memory to locate them without following conspecifics. Here, using an unique field manipulation and high-frequency tracking data, we test for this alternative pathway: we introduced bats smeared with the fruit odour of the unpredictably fruiting Ficus sycomorus trees to the roost, when they bore no fruits, and then tracked the movement of conspecifics exposed to the manipulated social cue. As predicted, bats visited the F. sycomorus trees with significantly higher probabilities than during routine foraging trips (of >200 bats). Our results show how the integration of spatial memory and social cues leads to efficient resource tracking and highlight the value of using large movement datasets and field experiments in behavioural ecology. This article is part of the theme issue 'The spatial–social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in memory leads to a mixed effect of both impairment of correct recall (e.g. collaboration inhibition) and decrease of false recall (e.g. error pruning). Social identity is important in the formation of social memory, yet it is unclear how it affects collaborative memory. Here, we investigated the effect of social identity on collaborative inhibition and error pruning in a motivational approach. In experiment 1, we categorized participants into different groups and measured their subjective social identity in the following collaborative recall. The results showed that the subjective social identity eliminated collaborative inhibition and produced error pruning for in-group members. To identify the motivational components of social identity's effect, we measured social and epistemic motives of group members in a cooperative or a competitive collaborative recall in experiment 2. The results showed that the social motive of cooperation reduced collaborative inhibition in groups with high epistemic motive. In addition, cooperation increased groups' error pruning. These findings highlight the importance of social identity and its motivational factors on improving the performance of collaboration memory. Overall, the current study enriches the literature of collaborative memory from a motivational perspective, and suggests important implications for judiciary or other social group discussions that require information accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I define territory as embodied, relational, processual, and imaginative: power enacted upon and through place. In the following article, I use this generative definition of territory as a lens to interrogate how memory becomes placed and bounded at Somerset Place, a historic plantation site in North Carolina. Through archival research into the negotiations between two state government agencies on the legal status of Somerset Place between 1939-1965, as well as analysis of the gendered and racialized criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, I uncover how historic space was defined against recreational space – not only in the creation of Somerset Place, but in the heritage boom of the mid-twentieth century more broadly. In addition, by understanding territory as the historicized and ongoing enactment of power upon and through place, I reveal how formal and informal territories of public memory and public space are continuously defined, negotiated, and claimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interplay between memory, history, nationalism, and visual cultures by focussing on a framed photograph of a revolver gifted to Kamala Dasgupta’s family by the Calcutta (Now Kolkata) police after Indian independence. Once used in an attempted assassination during the anti-colonial struggle, the revolver has become an anomaly in the nation’s collective memory – a ‘floating signifier’ with an unfixed meaning. Analysing the photograph as a media spectacle and a symbol within national myths, I argue that it disrupts linear narratives of progress that dominate nationalist historiography. The article shows how Kamala’s act of procuring the revolver has been overshadowed by her comrade Bina Das’s violent act. Drawing on theories of the spectacle, national temporality, and subaltern studies, I illustrate the selective commemoration of revolutionary violence in India. The research in this paper demonstrates how precarious and subaltern histories such as Kamala’s can destabilise established national narratives and pluralise temporal orders of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the representation of childhood memory and trauma in Sorayya Khan’s novel Noor (2003) against the backdrop of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. It discusses how personal recollections of public events contribute to the collective memory of the nation-state. The exploration includes the intergenerational transmission of trauma, employing Marianne Hirsch’s concept of ‘Postmemory,’ which describes how traumatic experiences are passed down, particularly in the context of the Holocaust. This framework has been contextualized within the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and its aftermath on children, carrying the memories of war trauma forward, as illustrated in the novel through Noor and Sajida’s experiences. Through a close reading of the novel, this article aims to extricate the underlying patterns of childhood war memory and personal experiences that often get subsided in historical representations and emphasizes the pertinence of reading a representational narrative of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War even after half a century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the ways in which British Second World War conscientious objectors (COs) have been commemorated, memorialized, and represented since 1945. Despite comprising nearly 60 000 men, the CO is strikingly absent in both the popular narrative of the Second World War and official, institutional commemorations of the conflict. This is not true of their First World War counterpart. This is unsurprising: the Second World War CO is largely at odds with popular British conceptions of the war as a ‘just’ conflict. Nevertheless, a broad and diverse set of initiatives have been established to commemorate the CO. The CO also features in numerous forms of post-war popular culture, including fiction, films, television programmes, and plays. It is these disparate remembrance practices and representations that this article brings together to help us explore both the memory of wartime conscientious objection and the broader cultural legacies of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the Marcos golden age narratives on YouTube before the 2022 Philippine presidential elections. Despite evidence of brutality during the Marcos years, many Filipinos reminisce about his tenure as a period of peace and progress, influenced by selective historical accounts propagated through digital media. Expanding Laclau's theory of populism, we identify affective storytelling techniques prominent pro-Marcos YouTubers employ to glorify the Marcos era and examine them to understand how the populist logic of difference and equivalence guides the articulation of a romanticized past and endorses the vilification of elites and Marcos critics. Our analysis underscores the potency of nostalgia in populist and authoritarian politics, demonstrating their capacity to foster a collective yearning for a mythic past and stoke a collective desire for Marcos-brand authoritarianism. Ultimately, this article contributes to understanding the dynamics of historical revisionism and its implications for political discourse and historical consciousness in the digital age, emphasizing the role of YouTubers in shaping political landscapes through nostalgia and the manipulation of social memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vera Lynn’s ‘We’ll Meet Again’ maintains an omnipresence throughout modern British culture, apropos of its Second World War roots. And while a growing body of literature has focused on the propagandistic role of music during the Second World War, these studies have yet to link any select musical work’s historical popularity with its enduring preservation in the national cultural memory. This paper analyses the semiotic meanings and influence of ‘We’ll Meet Again’, both in its wartime context and in the ongoing British cultural memory of the war. In so doing, this research extrapolates the song’s inherent connections to wartime ideals of gender and the nation and concludes by presenting a theorised rationale for the song’s cultural longevity in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water molecules in vapor can exchange with gaseous water molecules sticking to surfaces of sampling tubing, and exchange rates are unique for each water isotopologue and tubing material. Therefore, water molecules on tubing walls take some time to reach isotopic equilibrium with a new vapor isotopic signal. This creates a memory effect that is observed as attenuation time for signal propagation in continuous stable water vapor isotope measurement systems. Tubing memory effects in δ D and δ18 O measurements can limit the ability to observe fast changes, and because δD and δ18 O memory are not identical, this introduces transient deuterium excess (D-excess, defined as δD-8×δ18O) artifacts in time-varying observations. To our knowledge, a comprehensive performance comparison of commonly used tubing material water exchange properties in laser-based measurement systems has not been published. We compared how a large isotopic step change propagated through five commonly used tubing materials for water isotopic studies – perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and copper – at two different temperatures and an airflow rate of 0.635 L min−1 through approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) of 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) outer diameter (o.d.) tubing. All commonly used tubing materials performed similarly to each other in terms of attenuation times, reaching δ18 O-location-adjusted δD and δ18 O 95 % completion in less than 45 s, with slight variations based on temperature. PFA does appear to perform slightly better than the other materials, although memory metric differences are small. A tubing material commonly used in the early 2000s but reported to have memory effects on δD , Dekabon, was also tested at ambient temperature and changing humidities. The Dekabon isotopic equilibrium was not reached until nearly an hour after source transition, much later than H2O mixing ratios equilibrated. Bev-A-Line XX (used in some soil O2 and CO2 gas studies) was also tested at ambient temperature, but it did not approach isotopic equilibrium until after nearly 6 h of testing. Therefore, we cannot recommend the use of Bev-A-Line XX or Dekabon in water vapor isotope applications. Source transition from heavy to light or from light to heavy affected isotopic transition speed only in experiments where H2O ppmv was changing. While a shorter tubing lengths and smaller inner diameters shorten the delay of signal propagation through the tubing, they did not greatly change the attenuation curves under these conditions for the current commonly used tubing materials tested. However, in Dekabon, attenuation curves were greatly extended with increased tubing length. Our results show that the commonly used plastic tubing materials tested were not inferior to copper in terms of isotopic memory under these conditions, and they are easier to work with and are less expensive than copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent social isolation (ASI) has profound long-term effects on behavioral and neural development. Despite this, the specific long-term impact of ASI during different adolescent stages and across sexes remain underexplored. Methods: Our study addresses this gap by examining the effects of early- and late- adolescent social isolation on both male and female rats. Rats were either isolated (or group-housed) starting from PD 21 (early) or PD 42 (late) for three weeks and then rehoused into groups. In adulthood (PD 90), rats underwent a battery of tests: elevated plus-maze, open field, novel object recognition, social interaction and social recognition memory and hotplate tests. Finally, we analyzed oxytocin receptor binding in several regions in the brains of a second cohort of rats. Results: Both, male and female rats from the late adolescent social isolation (LASI) groups spent significantly less time interacting in the social interaction test. Additionally, we observed a general decrease in social recognition memory regardless of sex. Both male ASI groups demonstrated heightened thermal pain sensitivity, while the opposite was observed in early adolescent social isolation (EASI) female rats. In the brain, we observed changes in oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and central amygdala (CeA) with the largest changes in EASI and LASI female rats. Conclusion: Our model demonstrates long-lasting alterations on behavior and oxytocin receptor binding levels following ASI providing insights into the long-term effects of ASI in a time- and sex-specific manner. Highlights: Social Interaction Reduced: Regardless of the timing of social isolation, male rats displayed heightened sensitivity to thermal pain, while only the early social isolation altered pain sensitivity in females. Impaired Social Recognition Memory: Isolation caused a general impairment in recognizing previously encountered rats, which was specific to social encounters but not objects. Suggesting the deficit is domain specific. Alterations in Pain Sensitivity: Rats isolated during late adolescence showed significantly less social interaction compared to those raised in groups. Significant Brain Changes in Females: Female rats isolated during adolescence exhibited a substantial increase in oxytocin receptor binding in key brain regions (PVT, PVN) which are important for social behavior and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite long‐standing recognition in collective memory scholarship that commemorative sites are places of deep cultural meaning, fieldwork evidence collected at the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, DC, suggests that visitors primarily engaged with mnemonic resources in a superficial fashion. This paper explores how interpretive park rangers, who are tasked with engaging the public to discuss the nation's history, nevertheless strived to deliver informational, interpretive services to the visiting public. Findings show that rangers, conceptualized in this paper as street‐level bureaucrats, developed roles and routine lines of action that hinged on how they imagined and constructed their audiences. This paper demonstrates how street‐level bureaucrats variably conceive of their clients at the pre‐interactional stage, thus identifying an underexplored dimension of discretion in frontline service work. Additionally, this paper contributes to collective memory research by contextualizing mnemonic deliberation within contexts of mnemonic agents' workplace dynamics, showing how organizational expectations shape discourses of difficult, contentious histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study draws on site observation and worksheets from a field trip to examine children’s narratives of the exhibitions at the War Remnants Museum in Hô Chí Minh City, Vietnam, with a specific focus on the portrayal of the victims of Agent Orange through both “photographic” and “life” exhibitions. In applying Landsberg’s concept of “prosthetic memory,” the findings reveal how the photographic exhibition with its visual documentary evidence, and the life exhibition, through its interactive engagement, play important roles in the formation of children’s prosthetic memories of the US war in Vietnam. These exhibitions provide context, depth, and immediacy to the portrayal of the ongoing suffering of the Agent Orange victims, enabling children to integrate historical and personal memory. This dual approach influences their perceptions, interpretations, and remembrance of the war, enhancing their learning experience by offering a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the historical event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vigorous research confirmed the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidementia effects of apigenin (Api). The present study evaluated the beneficial impacts of Api administration on behaviour, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Interleukin 6 (IL‐6), oxidative stress, and inflammation induced by social isolation (SI) stress in rats. For this purpose, rats underwent a 28‐day SI period followed by a 4‐week oral Api treatment (50 mg/kg/day, PO). On Day 56, behaviour tests were performed, including an elevated plus maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and three‐chamber social tests. The oxidative stress markers, IL‐6, and BDNF levels were measured in the hippocampus. Our results showed that SI stress caused an increase in anxiety and a decrease in spatial memory, sociability, and social preference index. In addition, SI stress increased hippocampal levels of IL‐6 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, whereas it reduced the hippocampal BDNF level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Our study indicated that Api attenuates anxiety and causes improvements in spatial memory and social interaction. These desirable effects of Api might be related to amelioration in the BDNF level, IL‐6, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease and associated with sleep problems. • Abnormal accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau are key contributors to AD. • Circadian rhythm and neuronal oscillation disorders is associated with AD pathology. • Sleep disorders worsen Aβ and tau pathology and cause severe neuroinflammation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia, pathologically featuring abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, while sleep, divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), plays a key role in consolidating social and spatial memory. Emerging evidence has revealed that sleep disorders such as circadian disturbances and disruption of neuronal rhythm activity are considered as both candidate risks and consequence of AD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between sleep and AD. This review will firstly grasp basic knowledge of AD pathogenesis, then highlight macrostructural and microstructural alteration of sleep along with AD progression, explain the interaction between accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are two critical neuropathological processes of AD, as well as neuroinflammation and sleep, and finally introduce several methods of sleep enhancement as strategies to reduce AD-associated neuropathology. Although theories about the bidirectional relationship and relevant therapeutic methods in mice have been well developed in recent years, the knowledge in human is still limited. More studies on how to effectively ameliorate AD pathology in patients by sleep enhancement and what specific roles of sleep play in AD are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]