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Business-to-business suppliers invest in safety training programs believing that such programs mitigate safety hazards, prevent workplace injuries, and create value for their customers. However, causal evidence of these effects is sparse. Study 1 uses site-level monthly data from a global oil field services company. Exploiting sharp discontinuities in safety training hours due to catastrophic accidents, the authors find that a 10% increase in safety training hours per capita decreases safety hazards per capita by 6.45%–9.57%. Study 2 measures the causal impact of business establishments' safety training intensity on their workplace injuries: it leverages Local Law 196 requiring workers at construction establishments in New York City to complete at least ten hours of safety training. This legislation reduced injury rates at construction establishments in New York City by.54–.68 percentage points (a 15.56%–18.84% decrease) relative to their counterparts. Study 3, a stated-choice conjoint experiment of business-to-business procurement professionals, documents that the focal supplier's investment in safety training increases the probability of its proposal being selected by those professionals. Collectively, these findings validate the need for suppliers to invest in safety training as a risk-mitigation vehicle that has positive implications for business-to-business buying decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction is one of the primary drivers of development and economic activity in Pakistan. Many activities are performed at the construction site including cement mixing, carpentry, and painting. Workers working in these activities are exposed to toxic heavy metals. Due to exposure to these heavy metals, subjects are at high risk of developing diseases mainly respiratory diseases. Human hair and nail samples of construction workers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan were collected to assess the heavy metals. Heavy metals such as Al, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, K, Pb, and Zn were analyzed in the hair and fingernails of the construction workers. To determine the level of selected heavy metals, Inductively Coupled Plasma optical emission spectrometry was used. Results revealed that Al was the highest with a mean concentration of 7.54 μg/g in all three groups. Whereas Cd was below the detection limit. Heavy metal concentration was high in hair (1.77 μg/g) in two groups including cement mixing and carpentry. However, in the carpentry group heavy metal concentration was high in nails (1.19 μg/g). Additionally, the workers of the carpentry group have higher metal concentrations when compared to the other two groups and this group was at high risk of toxic metal exposure. After the correlation analysis, the results revealed that age was significantly correlated to body burden of metals (r = 0.496, p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, some of the heavy metals in hair and nails were significantly correlated with each other. Since all groups, especially carpenters, show high levels of heavy metals, there is a need for regular monitoring of heavy metals at construction sites. Most importantly, the implementation of training programs is needed to raise awareness among construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction workers in South Africa are an at-risk group for HIV/AIDS. Substance misuse, other than alcohol, is associated with poor decision-making, risky lifestyle behaviour, and non-use of condoms. Substance misuse is also associated with harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption and depression. The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) is a widely used screening tool to detect drug abuse. The present study examines both the psychometric properties of the DUDIT and the prevalence of drug abuse among construction workers. A field study involving 496 male workers at 18 construction sites of seven construction companies in the Western Cape province of South Africa, was undertaken. Descriptive statistics, reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine the prevalence of substance use, and the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity of the DUDIT. Approximately 10% of participants reported some form of substance use. Four hundred and sixty-seven employees (94.2%) were determined not to have drug-related problems (DUDIT score < 6). Of the at-risk employees (score >5), 5.0% (n = 25) were classified as 'possibly having a drug-related problem' (score 6–24) and 0.8% (n = 4) as 'possibly highly dependent on drugs' (score 25 or more). Of the 47 employees who reported drug use, 29 (61.7%) were classified as having a medium to high risk in relation to drug use. The internal consistency of the DUDIT was very good. The DUDIT reported a one-factor factorial structure, and the model fit indices indicated good model fit to the data. All factor loadings were significant, but there was some evidence of collinearity. Concurrent validity was demonstrated. DUDIT items 1 and 10 require further investigation due to their poor performance compared to the other items. The contribution of these two items needs to be investigated using item response theory (IRT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Construction workers are exposed to risks that differ markedly from general industry related to occupational health and safety. Objectives: • To study the morbidity profile of construction workers. • To assess the socio-demographic profile of construction workers • To assess working conditions and facilities available at construction site. • To know the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) among construction workers. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by Department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam among 305 construction workers. All male and female construction workers aged above 14 years who were available at the construction site. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and Informed written consent data was collected. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: In the present study the current morbidity among the study population was 46.9%. The most common morbidity among construction workers was musculoskeletal problems (34.1%), followed by respiratory disorders (30.5%), gastrointestinal problems (23.6%), skin problems (21.6%), and central nervous system problems (22.6%). About 40.7% of the study participants were using personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Health education for workers is required to create awareness regarding workplace problems and the correct usage of Personal Protective equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field study explores construction workers' perceptions of using a passive shoulder exoskeleton to better understand how to improve its adoption in construction. We provided forty-one construction workers with an exoskeleton to perform their regular work activities for two days. Workers' feedback of the tool was collected at the end of each day. Two-thirds indicated they would likely or very likely use an exoskeleton if their employer provided it. Participants felt exoskeletons were helpful for specific overhead tasks, such as installing upper tracks, framing and drywalling bulkheads, taping and mudding ceilings, and installing light fixtures. To improve their adoption within the construction industry, exoskeletons should be designed to be compatible with harnesses and toolbelts, be close-fitting to allow working in tight spaces, be easily adjustable (for fit and level of support), be rugged and easy to clean, and should not encumber workers in performing their tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDrawing from the field of Cultural Memory Studies, this article examines the process of recollection as depicted in Sangre de amor correspondido (Seix Barral, 1982) by Manuel Puig (1932–1990). Within this novel, we witness the portrayal of memory processes through the eyes of Josemar, a marginalized construction worker from a small rural town in Brazil. The protagonist endeavors to narrate his life experiences through the lens of idealized hegemonic masculinity. Some scholars think that gender represents a fundamental facet of identity. Furthermore, identity emerges from introspective processes driven by memory. Consequently, this paper asserts that the integration and signifying of masculine prostheses hinge upon the articulation and solidification of a self-narrative rooted in “masculinity’s social frameworks of memory.” Through narration, hegemonic masculinity assumes a foundational role within individual identity; simultaneously, it disseminates the patterns—these social frameworks of memory—used for the interpretation and organization of life experiences as recollections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guest worker programs entail an intrinsic tension between control over workers' mobility and workers' agency. By drawing on the qualitative data from Chinese construction workers in Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (TITP), I illuminate the dialectical nature of the tension between control and agency. My findings suggest that labor recruiters and employers implement labor control, but their practices have the opposite effect of pressing workers to abscond or to do irregular jobs. Staying in the program is not an outcome of effective control, but a response to circumstances wherein revisions to Japan's immigration policy bring rewards while China's surveillance policies incur potential punishments. The control-agency dialectic suggests that the regulative focus should be shifted from workers to employers and recruiters. Incorporating approaches of spatiotemporality and relationality, I analyze how workers sustain relations with various actors through three interconnected temporal stages, and how the relational dynamics shape workers' varied mobility choices. Two features of the construction industry shape workers' circumstances and occasionally facilitate their mobility: the stratification of the labor force according to legal status and the subcontract system. The paper thus highlights the need to contextualise labor agency in changing state policies, relations with co-ethnics, and industry-specific features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. How to promote the safety citizenship behavior (SCB) of construction workers has been studied in academic circles. However, most current research methods focus on the ‘net effect' between the independent variable and SCB. Methods and Results. Based on the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method and from the perspective of ‘configuration’, this article proposes that the emergence of SCB not only depends on a single condition, but also depends on the interaction of safety leadership behavior (SLB), organizational safety climate (OSC), organizational safety support (OSS), safety attitude (SA), safety motivation (SM), safety risk perception (SRP) and psychological belonging (PB). Conclusion. The research shows that the emergence of construction workers’ SCB can be realized through different combinations of variables, and both ‘external environment-driven' and ‘interpersonal relationship-driven' paths can promote the generation of SCB. This research provides a more systematic and practical explanation for how to promote the generation of SCB of construction workers, expand the research scope of safety management and play a positive role in reducing the incidence of safety accidents in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific literature has shown an increasing demand by citizens and society at large to stop using people who have committed sexual violence against children as a reference in academia. However, research has not explored the fact that in some sectors of society, the rejection of individuals who have exercised sexual abuse against children is entirely deliberate. This study analyzes, for the first time, the incoherence of many academics when it comes to their positioning regarding different renowned authors who commit sexual abuse against children, and the consequences of such incoherence according to several citizens. To that end, social media analytics and interviews with 16 individuals aged 27 to 70 years from different professions, including university professors, construction workers and retired lawyers, were conducted. The results show three main consequences of the incoherence of academics who use as a reference authors who have defended and exercised pederasty: promoting social mistrust toward those academics, as there is no coherence between what they say and do; normalizing and promoting pederasty and impunity toward abusers, creating a sense that "anything goes"; and silencing and revictimizing victims, which creates a context of great vulnerability to develop a healthy sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fatigue is a frequent factor in construction workplaces that threatens workers' safety. This study examines whether fatigue alters visual search patterns adopted by workers during hazard identification, thereby affecting identification performance. Subjects (n=24) were exposed to four physical activity levels (nonfatigue, low fatigue, medium fatigue, and high fatigue) and then performed hazard identification tasks in a panoramic virtual reality context, with their search patterns being reflected by eye-movement metrics. The results show that physical fatigue significantly impacted the visual search patterns, with workers allocating less attention to hazardous areas and being less engaged in searching. These visual characteristics correspond to poorer hazard identification accuracy. Further, the degree of influence increased with fatigue levels. The findings could extend the knowledge of the relationship between physical fatigue and safety. They could also uncover the reasons inherent in workers' inability to identify hazards due to physical fatigue, which could provide insight for the industry to cope with the disruptions to safety posed by physical fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite efforts to prevent and correct unsafe behavior on construction sites, such behavior persists among construction workers. Much of what makes unsafe behavior so difficult to eradicate is its contagious nature. The contagion pattern of unsafe behavior is not only based on the group characteristics of construction workers but also influenced by government regulatory agencies (GRA) and general contractors (GC). In this study, we established a contagion model of construction workers' unsafe behavior based on group-level factors and the dual influence of GRA and GC and employed evolutionary game theory and epidemic models to explore the contagion patterns and interventions of unsafe behavior. We find that, although the strong and weak regulation strategies by GRA suppress the contagion of unsafe behavior, the strong regulation strategy exhibits a better preventive effect; further, the active management strategies by GC have a dampening effect on the contagion of unsafe behavior and vice versa, enhanced perceived social benefits of GRA prevent unsafe behavior more than enhanced perceived image loss, and a high degree of group identity perception effectively inhibits the contagion of unsafe behavior when construction workers have relatively high levels of safety awareness. By portraying the contagion state of construction workers' unsafe behavior in actual situations, this study provides a theoretical basis for the decision-making of GRA and GC and helps to improve the work efficiency of GRA as well as the safety management level of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on construction safety, intensifying the challenges faced by workers and exacerbating the industry's preexisting safety issues. Unlike many other sectors that could shift to virtual operations, construction heavily relies on the presence and skills of workers. While previous studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 on the construction industry, little attention has been given to how the pandemic influenced workers' safety situational awareness and safety decision-making. This research aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on construction workers' situational awareness and safety decision-making, specifically focusing on hazard recognition (HR) and safety risk perception (SRP). The results pertaining to 67 recruited construction workers showed that COVID-19 had no impact on their ability to identify hazards. However, there was a notable difference in their safety risk perception, indicating that workers who had experienced COVID-19 had a higher level of safety risk perception. This finding can be explained by the principle of reinforced learning, which suggests that behaviors are shaped by their consequences. In other words, the experience of injuries and infectious diseases, which are less visibly linked to the occupation, acts as powerful feedback that reinforces the significance of proper perception and mitigation of risks. In an ideal situation, the primary focus should be on preventing accidents. However, if accidents do occur, as the findings of this study uncover, it is important to view them as opportunities to improve safety and prevent future incidents. This perspective acknowledges that accidents and injuries, including personal life events like COVID-19, provide opportunities that can potentially offer valuable safety lessons and increase workers' situational awareness. Employers and workers can utilize these experiences to strive for a safer work environment. Sharing experiences and lessons learned among workers can foster a proactive safety culture, leading to continuous improvement in workplace safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wasted effort limits productivity. Successful construction project management entails identifying and mitigating causes of waste. A time-motion study was conducted to collect and classify mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) work to understand factors contributing to waste. The data were analyzed for disturbances to direct work and sources of waste within such disturbances. Installation work was disturbed very frequently. This led to low shares of direct work. Disturbances can be divided into three groups (short-, medium-, and long-term) based on duration. Short-term disturbances, involving adjusting installation areas and material handling, enabled continued direct work without waste. Medium-term disturbances included most nonvalue-adding activities within the wider work environment. They depended on installers' understanding and required workplace adjustments. Long-term disturbances extended beyond the installation area, necessitating material searches and coordination, leading to significant waste. The study contributes to understanding MEP work and questions traditional management practices that do not provide sufficient preconditions for construction workers. Current methods are not on a sufficient level of granularity to effectively improve productivity. The study suggests integrating precise motion tracking and digital systems to reduce waste related to medium- and long-term disturbances. Providing real-time, task-specific information using digital tools can enhance situational awareness, minimizing nonvalue-adding tasks. Additionally, mobile workstations and logistical services could alleviate movement issues in such disturbances. Required granularity to accurately assess preconditions requires additional research into automating data collection and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry is notorious for stressful jobs, particularly for ethnic minority construction workers (EM-CWs), who experience complicated issues in the host country. Despite the high-level stress of EM-CWs compared to native construction workers, the particular coping behaviors of EM-CWs is unclear. Due to their cultural differences, religious beliefs, and possible stigma related to sharing feelings, typical stress management strategies may not be effective in relieving the stress of EM-CWs. To manage the stress of EM-CWs and also to benefit organizational productivity, it is important to identify the specific coping behaviors adopted by EM-CWs in response to stress. Therefore, this study aims to explore the stress management factors of EM-CWs. Six focus group discussions were conducted, made up of five EM-CWs groups (three general worker groups and two skilled worker groups) and one group of foremen. Contextual analysis was used to analyze the focus groups' qualitative data. The study identified 11 items of stress for EM-CWs in two major categories: emotional and physical stress. In addition to problem-focused (i.e., planned problem-solving, seeking instrumental support, and cognitive appraisal) and emotion-focused coping behaviors (i.e., seeking emotional support, emotional discharge, and escapism), the current study also explored religious-focused coping behaviors (i.e., religious practice, service, and meditation) of EM-CWs. The findings advance coping-behavior literature by addressing important features of religious coping behaviors in the construction industry. The study explored the unique stress management factors of EM-CWs, which can be used to manage the stress of EM-CWs, improve their stress management approaches, and design various stress management programs for EM-CWs. Furthermore, several recommendations were made in initiating time management training, encouraging organizations to consider mental health needs in the construction industry, acknowledging the specific cultural context of EM-CWs, striving to reduce the stigma around sharing emotions under stress, facilitating an adequate on-site environment to practice religion, and introducing mindfulness programs to relieve EM-CW stress and improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materiały Budowlane is the property of Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A questionnaire survey and an event-related potential (ERP) experiment were used to reveal the impact of safety attitudes on risk perception. The results revealed that during hazard identification, the N130 amplitude of subjects with negative safety attitude was significantly higher, which implied that subjects with negative safety attitude were more likely to feel confused. During risk analysis, subjects with positive safety attitude were more inclined to overestimate the probability and damage degree of risks; subjects with positive safety attitudes displayed higher P150 and late positive potential amplitudes, which indicated that subjects with positive safety attitudes devoted more attention to risks in the early stage of risk analysis and had a more intense affective response in the later period. The risk judgment ability of subjects with positive safety attitude was affected by time pressure, and they exhibited higher risk judgment accuracy only under no time pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although many health and safety (H&S) studies have widely examined safety risk perception in the construction industry, few studies have explored how this perception influences site workers' risk-taking behaviours during construction. This study aims to examine how construction site workers perceive and judge safety risks in risk-taking behaviours of site workers for intervention safety policy framework that may encourage safe work. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed Pictorial-based Q-Methodology, which documented 63 picture scenarios of risk-taking behaviours from building sites and submitted them for validation from H&S inspectors. In total, 33 pictures emerged as having great potential to cause harm. After using these 33 pictures to elicit data from randomised site workers, the study used Frequency Tabulation, Relative Importance Index (RII) and Kruskal–Wallis Test to analyse the collected data. To fully explain the analysed data for deeper understanding, the study conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with these site workers to share the thoughts of site workers on these pictures. Findings: Two distinctive pictures emerged from these analyses: one showing risk-taking behaviour likely to contract internal and skin disease and the other likely to fall from height. One of the implications is that construction site workers are unfamiliar with the dangerous contaminants in the materials the site workers use to work, which can potentially harm the site workers' skin and internal organs. Hence, site workers continue engaging in risk-taking behaviours. The other is that site workers are aware of and can mention catastrophic physical injuries attached to site workers' jobs. However, site workers continue engaging in risk-taking behaviours because of site workers' safety plights and rely on the favour and mercies of a supreme being as coping strategies to escape from these physical injuries. Originality/value: This study is original in that the study uses picture scenarios of risk-taking behaviours to amass an empirical-based understanding of how site workers perceive and respond to H&S risks during construction. This piece of evidence is missing in the numerous research studies in this area. Again, the findings contribute to the state-of-the-art literature regarding risk-taking behaviours on construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toluene exposure in construction workers can lead to several health problems, primarily affecting the nervous system, respiratory system, and skin. Utilizing advanced photocatalytic materials to degrade gaseous toluene aims to significantly mitigate its negative impact. Methods: In this research, photocatalysts based on pure TiO2 and modified TiO2 were synthesized to evaluate their efficacy in degrading gaseous toluene, a prevalent air pollutant in construction settings. Two synthesis methods were employed. Sonoprecipitation was used to create Fe-N co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in the first method, while the second method utilized co-precipitation and hydrothermal techniques without ultrasonic assistance to achieve Fe-N co-doping. Seven types of nanophotocatalysts were synthesized, including TiO2-U (with ultrasonic assistance), NTiO2-U, FeNTiO2 (2.5)-U, FeNTiO2 (5)-U, FeNTiO2 (7.5)-U, FeNTiO2 (10)-U, and FeNTiO2 (5) without ultrasonic assistance. Characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts involved various analyses, including XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–VIS DRS, FT–IR, BET, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. Results: Ultrasonic assistance notably improved particle dispersion and prevented agglomeration on the photocatalyst surface. UV–VIS DRS analysis indicated a reduction in band gap energy due to Fe and N doping of TiO2. The study also investigated the influence of Fe doping, initial toluene concentration, light source, and residence time on the degradation rate of gaseous toluene. Experimental findings showed that FeNTiO2 (5)-U exhibited a higher degradation rate of toluene (63.5%) compared to FeNTiO2 (5) (50%) under visible light irradiation over 15 s. Conclusions: The study underscores the significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity for toluene degradation achieved through the combined effects of ultrasound and co-doping methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction activities are often conducted in outdoor and harsh environments and involve long working hours and physical and mental labor, which can lead to significant mental fatigue among workers. This study introduces a novel and non-invasive method for monitoring and assessing mental fatigue in construction workers. Based on cognitive neuroscience theory, we analyzed the neurophysiological mapping of spontaneous mental fatigue and developed multimodal in-ear sensors specifically designed for construction workers. These sensors enable real-time and continuous integration of neurophysiological signals. A cognitive experiment was conducted to validate the proposed mental fatigue assessment method. Results demonstrated that all selected supervised classification models can accurately identify mental fatigue by using the recorded neurophysiological data, with evaluation metrics exceeding 80%. The long short-term memory model achieved an average accuracy of 92.437%. This study offers a theoretical framework and a practical approach for assessing the mental fatigue of on-site workers and provides a basis for the proactive management of occupational health and safety on construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, grounded in psychological capital theory and the work resource model, investigates the impact of construction workers' work resilience on their leisure sports participation. An interdisciplinary integration model was developed, incorporating work resilience, safety and health awareness, and leisure sports participation, providing empirical evidence for enhancing the well-being of the construction workforce. The study specifically examines the roles of physiological resilience, psychological resilience, social support, and occupational engagement in this context. A survey conducted with 663 construction workers in China and Korea revealed the following: (1) physiological resilience, psychological resilience, social support, and occupational engagement significantly and positively influence workers' leisure sports participation; (2) safety and health awareness serves as a significant mediator between work resilience and leisure sports participation among construction workers. These findings underscore the importance of improving the work environment and creating semi-natural restorative landscapes to promote the physical and mental health of construction workers, as well as their engagement in leisure sports. The study calls for governmental and community initiatives, including policy support and resource allocation, to comprehensively enhance the overall well-being of construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of migrant workers in Saudi Arabia (SA) has gradually increased, particularly in the construction industry, where migrant workers make up 89% of the workforce. Migrant workers frequently experience exposure to dangerous working conditions and increased risk for occupational injury and hazards due to the work they typically perform. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive studies comparing occupational accidents and injuries between migrant and domestic workers. To address this challenge, this study explores the differences between migrant and domestic workers' injuries and occupational accident rates in SA's construction industry. Data were analyzed from reported accidents and injuries obtained from the General Organisation for Social Insurance (GOSI) between 2014 and 2019. Chi-square test was used to examine the associations of occupational accidents and injuries among migrant and domestic workers. Migrant workers experienced higher incidences of falls, strikes, collisions, abrasions (wounds caused by scraping), bodily reactions (e.g., chemical reactions), and car accidents compared to domestic workers. Furthermore, migrant workers aged 30–39 and domestic workers aged 20–29 experienced more severe injuries and higher seasonal mortality rates during the six-year period examined (2014–2019). In addition, domestic workers achieved a higher proportion of full recovery across all types of accidents, except for transport and car accidents related to construction. The findings emphasize the need for ongoing safety education, training, and improved safety measures to protect the health and safety of construction workers, especially migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is widely recognized as a key approach for preventing injuries in construction workplaces. It prioritizes the safety of construction workers by explicitly tackling potential hazards during the design development phase. This involves proactively incorporating design features aimed at minimizing the risk of workplace injuries. Despite the theoretical promise of CHPtD, practical implementation has faced significant challenges. Notably, prior research has emphasized issues such as designers' unfamiliarity with construction means and methods, along with their inability to anticipate safety hazards that may arise in the field due to their design choices. In response, proponents of CHPtD have advocated for educational interventions aimed at equipping designers with the essential skills needed for effective implementation of CHPtD. This investigation assessed the effectiveness of YouTube as an educational resource for enhancing hazard recognition in simulated CHPtD review sessions among civil engineering students. YouTube was expected to aid hazard recognition due to its extensive collection of videos featuring various construction operations and related safety hazards. The study utilized a randomized controlled experiment to evaluate treatment effects. The results indicate that YouTube can serve as a valuable tool in supporting CHPtD efforts. Furthermore, the benefits derived from using YouTube were more pronounced when examining specific building elements (e.g. interior upper-level drywall) compared to other elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Construction workers are a population that is at risk for mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide due to the high stress and physical demands of their work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi construction workers. Methods: From February 2022 to June 2022, community-based cross-sectional research was conducted among construction workers. Survey data was gathered using interviewer administered questionnaires with 502 participants from the construction sites. Data were collected based on the information related to socio-demographics, lifestyle, occupation, health hazards, and mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). The results were interpreted using the chi-square test and logistic regression utilizing SPSS statistical software. Results: The study revealed the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among construction workers to be 17.9%, 30.3%, and 12%, respectively. Key findings indicate that construction workers who maintained a healthy sleep duration were 64% less likely to be depressed compared to those with poor sleep (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21–0.61, p<0.001). Workers who did not experience breathing issues upon starting construction work had a 45% lower likelihood of experiencing depression (AOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32–0.97, p = 0.037) and an 82% lower likelihood of experiencing anxiety (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11–0.30, p<0.001). Bricklayer construction workers were 72% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08–0.95, p = 0.041), and workers without breathing issues after starting construction work were 66% less likely to experience stress (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17–0.66, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The study found that depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent among construction workers in Bangladesh, with breathing issues as a significant risk factor. Thus, there is a need for effective measures to reduce these problems and provide a safe working environment for construction workers to ensure their productivity and the country's overall growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry is a dynamic field with potential hazards that can affect project quality and performance. Proper implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) management is essential in construction projects. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important aspect of OHS, but compliance among construction workers is still lacking. This study aims to determine the relationship between attitude and compliance with the use of PPE on the Hermina Hospital construction project in Madiun City. This study was a cross-sectional study, and data were collected using a questionnaire. This study involved 93 construction workers. The results showed that 62% of construction workers in Ethiopia did not use PPE while working, mainly due to lack of availability (41.1%), lack of orientation on the use of PPE (21.3%), discomfort (16.3%), and lack of perceived importance (1.3%). In Indonesia, approximately 60% of workers have experienced head injuries due to not wearing a safety helmet, 90% have experienced facial injuries due to not wearing a face shield, 77% have experienced foot injuries due to not wearing safety shoes, and 66% have experienced eye injuries due to not using eye protection. The low compliance with PPE use among construction workers is a significant concern, as this increases the risk of occupational injuries and accidents. Factors such as availability, training, comfort, and perceived importance of PPE should be addressed to improve compliance. Employers and policy makers need to prioritize the implementation of effective OHS management in construction projects to protect workers' health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction safety has always been a major concern in the engineering field, and studies have noted that noncompliance tasks have a significant impact on the behavior of individuals. However, from the perspective of task characteristics, the mechanisms by which noncompliance tasks specifically influence construction workers' unsafe behaviors are unclear. To investigate the mechanism by which noncompliance tasks affect construction workers' unsafe behaviors, this study developed a theoretical model based on the cognitive-affective personality system theory (CAPS), with the mediating variables of emotional exhaustion and team identification and the moderating variable of self-efficacy, taking 414 frontline construction workers in China as the survey object, and adopted structural equation modeling (SEM) for safety management practice research. The results reveal that noncompliance tasks have a positive effect on construction workers' unsafe behaviors; emotional exhaustion and team identification play a mediating role between noncompliance tasks and construction workers' unsafe behaviors; and self-efficacy not only negatively regulates the relationship between noncompliance tasks and emotional exhaustion but also positively regulates the relationship between noncompliance tasks and team identification. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge by revealing the mechanism by which noncompliance tasks result in unsafe behaviors of construction workers, which provides a theoretical foundation for unsafe behavior research. Practically, this study deepens the understanding of the causal mechanism of task characteristics on unsafe behavior, which helps project managers effectively prevent and control the unsafe behavior of construction personnel. Practical Applications: It has been shown that reducing unsafe behavior among workers is an effective way to avoid safety accidents in the construction industry. In this study, the CAPS theory and questionnaire data from 414 frontline construction workers in China were used to determine the mechanism by which noncompliance tasks result in unsafe behaviors of construction workers. It is recommended that the construction team leader should pay attention to the rationality of assigning task content to workers and prevent the occurrence of noncompliance tasks from the root. Furthermore, high self-efficacy of construction workers weakens the negative impact of noncompliance tasks, which encourages management to choose workers with this trait. Finally, noncompliance tasks will lead to unsafe behavior of workers by increasing emotional exhaustion and reducing team identification. Providing workers with sufficient praise and material rewards may help to mitigate the negative impact of noncompliance tasks, thereby reducing the occurrence of unsafe behavior on the construction site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspects of the technical verification of membrane structures Membrane structures represent a unique type of construction that significantly differs from conventional materials such as steel. The filigree, light and flexible membrane materials, which can only be subjected to tensile stress, lead to an organically appearing shape. In contrast to the design with established materials, the shapes of the membrane structures are not freely designable, but the result of a mechanical form‐finding process. These characteristics of membrane structures pose special challenges to all those involved in construction: from the client, the architect and structural engineer, to the fabricators, the construction workers, and especially the design review engineers. The current contribution focuses on aspects of the technical verification of membrane structures, which differ from constructions made of conventional materials. It provides an overview of the specifications of this construction method and their consideration in the verification and gives insight into the necessary structural documents for the verification. Due to the complexity and the specific requirements associated with the technical verification of membrane structures, examples will be used to provide clarity and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction industry is known to present various stress-inducing conditions for its workforce, especially for workers under different employment arrangements. This research aims to investigate the influence of employment status (permanent and temporary workers) on the perception of well-being at work (WBW). The study also aims to assess whether variables such as satisfaction, commitment, and involvement are statistically significant in evaluating construction workers' WBW. The research was conducted at various construction sites located in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 376 responses were obtained using the Work Well-being Inventory (IBET-13) questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to understand the relationship between self-perceived well-being (dependent variable) by employees and employment status, satisfaction, commitment, and involvement at work (independent variables). The results suggest that the employment arrangement does not significantly impact the evaluation of well-being, indicating that other factors may mediate the relationship between WBW and mental health, as well as contribute to explaining this result, such as current legislation, occupational characteristics, and unique aspects of the Brazilian reality. The research findings can contribute to the development of strategies that promote a more sustainable and healthy construction environment for workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous risk factors across various dimensions that lead to unsafe behaviors among construction workers, and the interactions between these factors are complex and intertwined. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively explore the mechanisms of these risk factors across all dimensions to reduce the accident rate. This paper combines cascading failure and entropy flow models to construct a cascading trigger model for identifying key nodes and paths in a risk network. First, this paper identifies the risk factors in the individual, organizational, managerial, and environmental dimensions, dividing them into deep and surface factors. Based on this, a risk network is constructed, and cascading failure is introduced to simulate the dynamic evolution of risks. Then, the entropy flow model is introduced to quantify the risk flow in risk propagation. Finally, to address the uncertainty of risk occurrence, Visual Studio Code is used for coding, and a simulation platform is built using JavaScript. After conducting simulation experiments, the results are statistically analyzed. The results show that the key nodes of deep factors are mainly concentrated in the individual dimension (herd mentality, negative emotions, physical fatigue, fluke mindset), organizational dimension (poor cohesion, poor internal communication), and managerial dimension (abusive leadership style and insufficient/low-quality safety education and training); the surface factors are mainly the poor safety climate in the organizational dimension. The findings provide theoretical support for reducing the accident rate caused by unsafe worker behaviors, aiming to reduce accident risk losses by cutting off risk propagation paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the habits and attitudes of construction sector employees in Türkiye regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). A comprehensive face-to-face survey was conducted with 398 randomly selected employees from small- and medium-sized construction companies across various regions of Türkiye. The survey aimed to identify the frequency of PPE usage and the factors influencing its use and to provide actionable suggestions for improving PPE compliance. The results indicate that while a majority of workers recognize the importance of PPE, actual usage rates are inconsistent. Key factors affecting PPE use include the ergonomics and comfort of the equipment as well as worker perceptions and attitudes. Notably, the study found that the discomfort associated with PPE and the belief that it slows down work pace are significant barriers to its regular use. Additionally, the research highlights the need for a robust punishment–reward system to enforce PPE compliance and suggests that more stringent legislative measures are required to enhance occupational health and safety (OHS) standards in the construction industry. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a detailed analysis of PPE usage in the Turkish construction sector and offering practical recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders. Implementing these suggestions can lead to improved worker safety and reduced occupational accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current construction safety practices heavily rely on the use of multiple safety signs to mitigate potential risks. This study investigates the cognitive load imposed on construction workers by various design characteristics of safety signs, including text-only, pictogram with text, and pictogram-only signs. A comprehensive cognitive assessment of 513 construction workers was conducted to measure recall rates and visual attention. The results revealed that text-only signs led to lower cognitive load compared with pictogram-based signs, with no significant split-attention effect observed when text and pictograms were combined. The average recall rate across all sign types was 3.32 items, with over 95% of participants recalling six or fewer items. Additionally, recall rates for pictogram-based signs decreased significantly when more than nine items were displayed. Visual attention analysis indicated that while color had no significant impact, the order of placement did. These findings highlight the importance of limiting the number of safety signs and carefully designing them to optimize recall and reduce cognitive load. Future research should explore additional factors such as sex, complexity of work, and environmental conditions to develop a more comprehensive understanding of cognitive load in construction settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collision accidents involving construction vehicles and workers frequently occur at construction sites. Computer vision (CV) technology presents an efficient solution for collision-risk pre-warning. However, CV-based methods are still relatively rare and need an enhancement of their performance. Therefore, a novel three-stage collision-risk pre-warning model for construction vehicles and workers is proposed in this paper. This model consists of an object-sensing module (OSM), a trajectory prediction module (TPM), and a collision-risk assessment module (CRAM). In the OSM, the YOLOv5 algorithm is applied to identify and locate construction vehicles and workers; meanwhile, the DeepSORT algorithm is applied to the real-time tracking of the construction vehicles and workers. As a result, the historical trajectories of vehicles and workers are sensed. The original coordinates of the data are transformed to common real-world coordinate systems for convenient subsequent data acquisition, comparison, and analysis. Subsequently, the data are provided to a second stage (TPM). In the TPM, the optimized transformer algorithm is used for a real-time trajectory prediction of the construction vehicles and workers. In this paper, we enhance the reliability of the general object detection and trajectory prediction methods in the construction environments. With the assistance afforded by the optimization of the model's hyperparameters, the prediction horizon is extended, and this gives the workers more time to take preventive measures. Finally, the prediction module indicates the possible trajectories of the vehicles and workers in the future and provides these trajectories to the CRAM. In the CRAM, the worker's collision-risk level is assessed by a multi-factor-based collision-risk assessment rule, which is innovatively proposed in the present work. The multi-factor-based assessment rule is quantitatively involved in three critical risk factors, i.e., velocity, hazardous zones, and proximity. Experiments are performed within two different construction site scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of the collision-risk pre-warning model. The research results show that the proposed collision pre-warning model can accurately predict the collision-risk level of workers at construction sites, with good tracking and predicting effect and an efficient collision-risk pre-warning strategy. Compared to the classical models, such as social-GAN and social-LSTM, the transformer-based trajectory prediction model demonstrates a superior accuracy, with an average displacement error of 0.53 m on the construction sites. Additionally, the optimized transformer model is capable of predicting six additional time steps, which equates to approximately 1.8 s. The collision pre-warning model proposed in this paper can help improve the safety of construction vehicles and workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates how age expectation (AE) influences construction worker safety behavior (CWSB) by utilizing self-validation theory (SVT). Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 391 Chinese construction workers, we found that components of AE, such as physical health expectation (PHE), mental health expectation (MHE), and cognitive function expectation (CFE), positively impact CWSB. Safety value (SV), including safety risk perception (SRP) and safety attitude (SA), mediates these effects. The study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for enhancing CWSB through interventions on AE, supporting sustainable growth and workforce quality in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The safety harness is a critical device for preventing falls from height, particularly in the construction industry. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the non-use of safety harnesses during work at height and to evaluate the comfort, satisfaction, and usability of these harnesses among construction workers in Tehran using a custom-designed tool. Material and Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with construction workers to identify the factors influencing the non-use of safety harnesses. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software. Based on the results, which revealed dissatisfaction with the current safety harnesses, the levels of comfort, satisfaction, and usability were assessed using the Safety Harness Usability and Comfort Assessment Tool (SHUCAT) questionnaire. Results: The reasons for not using safety harnesses were categorized into four main groups: management factors, worker attitudes, comfort, and harness design. These were further subdivided into 27 subgroups. The average satisfaction and comfort scores for safety harnesses were 26.8 ± 6.25, indicating that workers generally felt uncomfortable and dissatisfied with their harnesses. The average usability score was 38.70 ± 5.60, reflecting poor usability of the harnesses. Conclusion: Improving the safety harness design could enhance workers’ comfort and satisfaction, increasing their willingness to use the equipment. Incorporating feedback from users and experts into the design process can help address the identified shortcomings and result in better product development.

Safety participation of construction workers, as a manifestation of organizational citizenship behaviors, is essential for overall workplace safety. Workers' safety participation may be influenced by both organizational and individual factors. For example, facing unfavorable organizational conditions such as job insecurity may restrain construction workers from safety participation, and individual capacity differs the preference for safety participation among workers. Moreover, the nature of their job is often stressful, which complicates the mechanisms through which safety participation is influenced. The current study set to examine the key barriers to safety participation of construction workers in project organizations and reveal the intermediate effect of stress and empathy on the influential mechanism. The empirical study collected over 500 sets of data from construction workers through a questionnaire survey. After reliability and validity tests, structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression were applied to examine the interactions among organizational factors, stress, empathy, and safety participation. Findings of current study confirmed that (1) safety participation of construction workers was restrained due to emotional stress and emotional exhaustion; (2) the negative influence of several organizational factors on safety participation of workers were mediated by stress, namely, quantitative job insecurity–safety participation interactions mediated by emotional stress and both qualitative job insecurity–safety participation interactions and interpersonal conflict–safety participation interactions mediated by emotional stress and emotional exhaustion; and (3) the buffering effect of empathy on stress and safety participation was interestingly not confirmed by this study. Practical recommendations were proposed to manage occupational stress and address barriers to safety participation. This paper contributes to safety management in project organizations by highlighting the interplay among organizational, individual, and psychological factors and their impacts on safety participation from a stress perspective. Findings of the current study provide valuable insights to promote safety participations of workers in practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global warming continues, safeguarding the health and safety of construction workers in extremely hot environments becomes imperative. Real-time and quantitative assessment of workers' cognitive states affected by heat stress is essential. Previous studies, which relied mainly on cognitive performance tests and subjective questionnaires, lacked the capability for real-time tracking of individual cognitive states. The analysis of physiological responses also faced challenges in quantitative evaluation of individual cognitive states. To address these issues, this study proposed a reliable and quantitative approach to explore the negative impact of heat stress on cognitive states such as attention, mental fatigue, and emotion, using electroencephalogram (EEG) metrics in immersive virtual reality (VR)–based construction safety training. This study recruited 20 volunteers, divided evenly between an experimental group exposed to extreme heat (36°C/70%) and a control group in moderate heat (26°C/45%). All participants experienced simulated hazardous working conditions across four distinct VR training scenarios. The findings revealed significant differences in attention control, fatigue, and arousal between the two groups, demonstrating that extreme heat impairs workers' attention, increases fatigue, and heightens arousal. These conditions could potentially increase unsafe actions and accident rates, posing risks to construction worker safety. The identified EEG metrics provide a strategy for the real-time and quantitative evaluation of workers' cognitive states under heat stress. Furthermore, it is expected to develop a heat stress monitoring and diagnostics framework integrating VR and augmented reality (AR) technologies to enhance worker safety in extremely hot environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies indicate that unsafe behaviors of construction workers (UBCW) are the direct causes of most construction safety incidents. To unveil the interconnections among unsafe behaviors and the underlying mechanisms of different accident types, this study extracts the unsafe behavior chains from accidents. Based on the theory of complex networks, we constructs both the whole network of UBCW and four subnetworks corresponding to different accident types by using unsafe behavior chains. The findings reveal that the degree distributions of all networks conform to truncated power-law distributions, highlighting the critical role of hub nodes in accident occurrences. Moreover, the whole network exhibits small-world characteristics, underscoring the need to address the propagation and clustering effects of unsafe behaviors, reassess risk management approaches, and devise targeted control strategies and measures. By analyzing the topological structures of the networks, this paper ranks the importance of different behaviors across various metrics and proposes tailored accident prevention recommendations through comparative analysis of different accident types. This research holds significant theoretical and practical implications for refining accident causality models and enhancing safety management practices at construction sites. However, the study has limitations, notably future studies should focus on the absence of specific construction accident databases and the unaddressed link between accident severity and unsafe behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction workers are exposed to long physically demanding work hours and require sufficient work rests to avoid strenuous fatigue, productivity loss, and adverse health effects. In the literature, limited efforts incorporated standardized work–rest periods in the construction schedule without accounting for the variation among the workers' live physiological conditions. Rather than focusing on the worker's fatigue data collection, this paper utilizes sample cardiovascular stress and energy exertion data from health-related studies, collected using wearable Fitbits. The paper then proposes a framework for the analysis and utilization of this physiological data to design optimum work–rest schedules and worker reassignment plans as two strategies to mitigate workers' fatigue. The framework uses a constraint programming schedule optimization model that minimizes workers' physiological strain through optimized work rests and worker reassignments. Using a hypothetical schedule with the workers' fatigue data, the model proposed two 20-min breaks for one worker and two 5-min breaks for other workers and reassigned eight workers to different tasks. The framework helps project managers to efficiently improve the health and safety of workers and improve productivity, leading to a more inclusive work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The group safety behavior of construction workers has become a topic of global concern calling for effective organizational management measures. However, existing research predominantly relies on empirical case studies, which solely focus on factors without delving into the underlying theoretical mechanisms that drive group safety behaviors. This limitation hinders a comprehensive understanding of how organizational management measures systematically influence safety behaviors. Against this background, this paper reviews and emphasizes how organizational management measures mitigate the interference of environmental factors, subsequently influencing group internal factors and group safety behavior. The qualitative simulation (QSIM) method was used to investigate the variations and distribution patterns of group safety behavior and group internal factors in 10 different simulation schemes with varying intensities and strategies. The findings reveal that: (1) organizational management measures must outweigh the disruptive effects of environmental factors for positive developments in internal group factors and subsequent improvements in group safety behavior; (2) organizational management measures influence group safety behavior through two pathways. First, they directly impact group safety behavior, resulting in significant improvements but failing to enhance group internal factors. Second, they initially affect internal group factors, which subsequently influence group safety behavior; and (3) in resource-abundant scenarios, safety utility is maximized when multiple organizational management measures are employed, whereas in resource-constrained situations, prioritizing a single measure yields the greatest increase in safety utility. The study links organizational management measures, group internal factors, and environmental factors together, filling the gap in the model of construction workers' group safety behavior and expanding the application of group theory in the construction industry. Project managers can adopt targeted control measures tailored to the specific environmental and internal group factors to reduce safety behavior risks among construction worker groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological data-based methods for monitoring workers' mental fatigue have become widely adopted in recent years. However, few have concentrated on the online monitoring and assessment of mental fatigue considering the complexity and high dimension of the biological data, especially for scenarios where data arrives continuously in the form of flows. This study aimed to propose an online learning model to learn model parameters according to the order of data acquisition. Specifically, the fuzziness-based online sequential extreme learning machine (Fuzziness-OS-ELM) model was proposed, consisting of two parts: (1) a data value estimator; and (2) an online mental fatigue classification model. As new data arrives, the Fuzziness-OS-ELM model can effectively identify and select samples with high data quality based on fuzziness, which are then used to continuously update the online mental fatigue classification model. A cognitive experiment was carried out to evaluate the Fuzziness-OS-ELM model. The results indicated that samples with low fuzziness corresponded to high data quality. The proposed online sequential learning model exhibited enhanced classification performance on mental fatigue. This study's dynamic diagnostic method for identifying the onset and progression of mental fatigue can provide targeted support for precise interventions aimed at construction workers. Practical Applications: Different from subjective and passive management of mental fatigue, this study proposed an enabling technology for minimally obtrusive monitoring and online feedback on construction workers, allowing for monitoring over extended periods of time on construction sites. With the online visualization of mental statuses, workers in special construction operations at inappropriate mental fatigue levels can be found. The ability to monitor fluctuations allows for immediate and proactive interventions, thereby addressing mental fatigue more effectively than interval-based monitoring methods. Based on the portability of the research outcomes, long-term mental status data of workers on sites can be collected. Through revealing the generation and development rules of construction workers' psychological load, targeted industry-wide guidance will be developed and promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is emerging evidence that negative emotions can be leveraged to help construction workers recognize hazards, with fear being closely associated with avoidance behavior among negative emotions. Previous research has indicated that decision-making during a simulated crisis differs significantly from real crisis scenarios. In order to induce fear arousal based on actual harm (referred to as real fear arousal), this study utilized the high degree of consistency between humans and mice in conducting a three-phase experiment employing a modified two-way active avoidance paradigm. The study's key finding indicates that integrating construction elements into the modified two-way active avoidance paradigm can activate the renewal of active avoidance behavior toward shocks under conditions of fear arousal throughout the experiment. The level of fear demonstrated a significant impact on active avoidance of hazards (AAH) in the three-phase experiment. Practical Applications: Managerial decision-making under crisis theory emphasizes the notable disparity between decision-making in simulated crisis scenarios and actual crisis situations. Consequently, effectively intervening in construction workers' risk-taking behaviors often proves challenging. Numerous studies have established a close relationship between fear and avoidance behaviors. In order to ethically and effectively explore the influence of fearful emotions on real-life risk-taking behaviors, a three-phase avoidance experiment (comprising acquisition, extinction, and renewal phases) was conducted based on the classical paradigm used in experimental methods of animal behavior. Therefore, appropriately inducing fear arousal may enhance construction workers' ability to avoid risk, particularly among those who have previously been injured, with potentially more pronounced effects. We advocate for a focus on enhancing the fear experience within reasonable limits during future safety training initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]