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Swine wastewater (SW) was treated using industrial wastes as raw materials in a pre-treatment process (coagulation or adsorption), followed by a continuous heterogeneous Fenton reaction. Before the treatment conducted as a continuous operation, two different batch optimization strategies were evaluated, in which the effects of H2O2 concentration and pH were studied. The results show that using excessive H2O2 results in the same behavior, regardless of whether the pH is 3 or 7.5, while at low H2O2 concentrations, the acidic pH improves the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal due to a higher solubility of iron. The partial addition of H2O2 after 60 min of the reaction proved to be unbeneficial. Considering other perspectives, a continuous Fenton process using iron filings (IF) as the iron source ([H2O2] = 50 mg/L) was applied after the SW pre-treatment, consisting of adsorption with red mud (RM) or coagulation with poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC). The RM adsorption presented higher COD removal and lower toxicity than the PDADMAC coagulation, revealing to be a suitable material for this purpose, but for both pre-treatments, the application of a subsequent continuous Fenton process revealed to be essential to achieve the COD discharge limits imposed by the Portuguese law. In addition, high amounts of dissolved iron were present in the samples (55–58 mg/L) after the Fenton process. However, after the overall treatment, the samples showed no harmful characteristics for Lepidium sativum, being classified as "non-toxic", contrary to the initial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spray drying is the most efficient technique used in various industries for converting a wide range of products into powder form. For this, the process parameters must be optimized to guarantee product quality. When operating with different process scales it is important to ensure that the product characteristics are maintained at the upper scale. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the process at laboratory and bench scales, as well as the characteristics of the powder product. It was demonstrated that it is possible to obtain dehydrated tomato paste, at bench scale, with operational conditions and physical and chemical characteristics similar to those achieved in the optimized process at laboratory scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects/imperfections can occur during manufacturing, assembly, welding, and other processes, which can reduce the critical buckling load. However, the axial buckling load is beyond the scope of this work, and there are many studies on the stiffening effect of longitudinal dents. This concept combined the idea of the dent-to-stiffener evaluation concept for thin-walled steel cylinders. This study aims to transform the dents into artificial dents for a stiffening effect on the buckling phenomena. For this purpose, 37 thin-walled steel cylinder models, including the perfect model, were designed for varying dent shapes, dent widths, dent depths, dent lengths, and dent angles. The study also contributed to the effect of dent parameters on the critical buckling load of thin-walled steel cylinders. In particular, increasing the initial buckling will motivate the industry to convert dents into stiffeners with small artificial touches to enhance the longevity of the structure. The results showed that the introduction of certain artificial dents can significantly increase the critical buckling load of cylinders, thus improving their resistance against buckling, which has significant implications for various industries that use thin-walled steel cylinders in their structures. The proposed simulations for transforming dents into artificial stiffeners can be a valuable tool for enhancing the longevity and safety of thin-walled steel cylinders and other structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on how to link supply chain strategy to business strategy during the planning stage to create value for customers, employees, and suppliers. It emphasizes the importance of choosing the supply chain model that best aligns with the value creation strategy to support core business objectives. It also highlights the importance of identifying a real strategy that considers tradeoffs instead of a wish list during the strategy ideation stage.

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At the present time photographic visual processing is rapidly moving towards the next stage. In addition, a variety of visual processing technologies are evolving, such as splitting image dimensions, calibration, pixel beautification, and high-resolution images. The impact of this digital visual processing technology has now greatly enhanced the opportunities for digital video processing technology and the source of its evolution. The vast industry of converting color images from black and white enables it to present even historical videos of the earlier period in a contemporary manner. In this paper, the segmentation based visual processing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is designed to enhance resolution and clarity to a certain extent with multi-visual enhanced pixels. It also enhances the contrast, brightness and sharpness enhancement as it is much improved over the previous methods. This algorithm works on each image frame and enhances the overall visual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology advances every day because the business world should not be left behind in it, so there is the adoption of new ways of doing business. This is how ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) plays a key role in these new companies converting traditional processes such as bringing your customers through a web converting to e-Commerce, to a digital process. Due to the rise of ICT has been the implementation of electronic billing systems, this type of systems come to stay; improvements are given based on an already predetermined structure, mapping in a better way the taxes and operations of taxpayers. Then, this type of business implies having well-trained IT and accounting staff that allows the online sending of the CPE (electronic receipts). Therefore, this project seeks to improve an internal process in the development phase of the OSE BIZ LINKS that grants validity to electronic receipts, for we will use tools that can be reusable over time, such as Data-Driven Testing, which is a testing technique that has as its pillar two types of data: real data (functional test results) and expected data (results that should have each functional test case), making a comparison of both proceedings to report according to each data compared in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Polbud judgment, the Court of Justice of the European Union reaffirms its liberal view of protecting the freedom cealaltă establish companies in a context different from that known in the previous case-law, i.e. the cross-border transformation. In fact, one Polish company decided to transfer its registered office to Luxembourg without indicating a transfer of the central management of the Polbud business or of the place where the company's economic activity would actually take place. Following the transfer of the company's registered office to Luxembourg, without lossing its incorporation, the liquidation proceedings decided by the company were rejected by the court in charge of keeping the trade register records. By its preliminary questions, the Polish court wishes to know, inter alia, whether the freedom of establishment is oposed to a regulation of a Member State that prohibits a company established under the law of a Member State from being converted into a company subject to the legal order of another Member State. Confirming its flexible interpretations regarding the freedom of establishment, the Court finds that in this case there is an unjustified restriction on the freedom of establishment and retains that «articles 49 and 54 TFEU must be interpreted as meaning that freedom of establishment is applicable to the transfer of the registered office of a company formed in accordance with the law of one Member State to the territory of another Member State, for the purposes of its conversion, in accordance with the conditions imposed by the legislation of the other Member State, into a company incorporated under the law of the latter Member State, when there is no change in the location of the real head office of that company». At the same time, the freedom of establishment is opposed to the «legislation of a Member State which provides that the transfer of the registered office of a company incorporated under the law of one Member State to the territory of another Member State, for the purposes of its conversion into a company incorporated under the law of the latter Member State, in accordance with the conditions imposed by the legislation of that Member State, is subject to the liquidation of the first company». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm rearing practices can play an important role in the well-being of deprived rural populations and boost the growth of economy. It is a simple and short tenure process and contains a sensitive series of activities. Silkworm rearing practices made marvellous progress in early eras of liberation. Currently, however, this industry is almost obsolete. The present study explores the silkworm rearing process, practiced by Pakistani farmers. This study is purely based on primary data and was also supported by secondary data from literature. Results of the study indicate that although Pakistani silk farmers have sufficient knowledge and experience but they need a proper support and assistance from state department to convert the sericulture industry into a profitable industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the institutions of European Union have strived a varied range of efforts to bring the treaty provisions regarding the freedom of establishment of the companies within the single market into operation. In the view of the Court of Justice of the European Union, developed in several decisions issued from the Centros until the Polbud case, the freedom of establishment for companies includes, inter alia, the right to cross-border conversions, consisting in the possibility of a company having the nationality of a Member State to convert itself into a company governed by the legislation of the other Member State without losing its legal personality. Recently, a very welcomed piece of legislation, the Directive 2019/2121 on cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions - as part of the EU company law package, was adopted in order to stimulate cross-border mobility of the companies, and, in the same time, to provide a coherent framework for the complex cross-border operations (meaning the cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions). The question is if this directive will provide sufficient protection for the multiple stakeholder of the companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the talkies in Britain evoked mixed responses. While popular audiences enthusiastically embraced Hollywood musicals like the Al Jolson hit The Singing Fool (1928), the literati were often scathing of 'mechanical' music and dialogue. Hollywood dictated the speed of change and economics and public demand soon forced the British film industry to convert to sound, but critics, intellectuals, educators, artists, literary figures and musicians were openly hostile to the new art form, opening a chasm between popular taste and intellectual response. The cacophony of dissenting voices was joined by various official reports from bodies like the Trades Union Congress and the Federation of British Industries who predicted the deleterious effect of the talkies on everything from British jobs in manufacturing to diminishing Britain's influence across its colonies and dominions. This article will map these discourses and examine attitudes to the introduction of the talkies in Britain between 1929 and 1932 as the new technology gathered momentum across the UK and film criticism developed as a distinct discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the international and national standards for the publishing, printing and the converting industry in the U.S. Topics include the beneficial effects of the standardization on the economy, its strategic relevance, its contribution to gain competitive advantage and the role of the various committees of the U.S. Standards Development to ensure that all the concerns of the industries are being addressed.

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to describe the conversion of knowledge into value by examining the confluence of service-dominant logic (S-D logic), supply chain management (SCM), human resource management (HRM), and neuroeconomics. S-D logic suggests that knowledge is the raw material of value creation. SCM provides an organized foundation to study the conversion of raw materials into value. HRM recognizes the centrality of human decisions in the process of converting knowledge into value. Neuroscience gives insight into the efficiency and effectiveness of the human decisions processes. Global SCM provides more than markets and raw materials -- global SCM provides the human resources central to value creation. Design/methodology/approach -- This paper combines literature review with interviews from members of supply chain teams engaged in performance-based logistics (PBL) to develop a model of the S-D logic knowledge conversion process. Findings -- The model describes individual-based decision constructs managers can expect to face as they convert knowledge, from a global supply chain team, into value. The model relates the decision maker mindset, based in neuroscience principals, to the efficiency of the knowledge conversion process. These principals are extended to suggest how managers can modulate human resource processes to improve the efficiency of economic exchange and increase supply chain resiliency. Research limitations/implications -- This paper provides theoretical and practical insight into how differences in culture, neuronal predisposition, and genetics may influence managerial decisions. These findings provide a mechanism that researchers and managers may take to expand the boundaries of HRM in a global supply chain. Originality/value -- This work uses a foundation of SCM research to explain efficient conversion in a knowledge-based economy. This perspective demonstrates the criticality of global HRM mindsets and decision processes necessary to achieve competitive advantage in a knowledge-based economy. This provides a context for the study and improvement of neuroeconomic efficiency of firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying processes such as spray drying, as commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to convert protein-based drugs into their particulate form, can lead to an irreversible loss of protein activity caused by protein secondary structure changes. Due to the nature of these processes (high droplet number, short drying time), an in situ investigation of the structural changes occurring during a real drying process is hardly possible. Therefore, an approach for the in situ investigation of the expected secondary structural changes during single droplet protein drying in an acoustic levitator by time-resolved Raman spectroscopy was developed and is demonstrated in this paper. For that purpose, a self-developed NIR–Raman sensor generates and detects the Raman signal from the levitated solution droplet. A mathematical spectral reconstruction by multiple Voigt functions is used to quantify the relative secondary structure changes occurring during the drying process. With the developed setup, it was possible to detect and quantify the relative secondary structure changes occurring during single droplet drying experiments for the two chosen model substances: poly-L-lysine, a homopolypeptide widely used as a protein mimic, and lysozyme. Throughout drying, an increase in the β-sheet structure and a decrease in the other two structural elements, α-helix, and random coil, could be identified. In addition, it was observed that the degree of structural changes increased with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]