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Each kind of worldview and ideology can create a certain type of urban planning and of course the appearance of the city according to its teachings. Islamic urban planning is not separate from Islamic ideology and its inhabitants and is the crystallization of their thinking and lifestyle. In Islam, the emergence of any phenomenon by the people occurs in three main aspects: Intellectual and ideological aspects, practical and moral aspects, objective aspects that all together lead to the emergence of authentic Islamic cities. Today, due to the influence of foreign culture, the mentioned aspects are weak and even disturbed. In this article, we intend to determine the location of each urban area of Ardabil from the mentioned aspects. Therefore, this study tries to answer the question: How close are the urban areas of Ardabil to the elements involved in the emergence and realization of the main Islamic city? This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose and its data has been collected both in the form of documents and field (citizens questionnaire). The statistical population of this research is the citizens of Ardabil. Using Cochran's sampling formula, 383 people were selected as the statistical sample of the study by stratified sampling method from five regions of Ardabil (proportional to the population of regions) and COPRAS model was used to analyze the data and it was found that each One of the urban areas of Ardabil has different ratios in terms of proximity and compatibility with the elements involved in the emergence of the original Islamic city In general, the position of Ardabil city in terms of compliance and proximity with the characteristics of the elements of the original Islamic city based on the COPRAS model and with an average (NJ 88.44) is a more appropriate situation.

In this article, we develop the COPRAS model to solve the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) under single-valued neutrosophic 2-tuple linguistic sets (SVN2TLSs). Firstly, we introduce the relevant knowledge about SVN2TLSs in a nutshell, such as the definition, the operation laws, a few of fused operators and so on. Then, combine the traditional COPRAS model with SVN2TLNs, and structure as well as elucidate the computing steps of the SVN2TLNCOPRAS pattern. Furthermore, in this article, we propose a method for determining attribute weights in different situations relying on the maximizing deviation method with SVN2TLNs. Last but not least, a numerical example about assessing the safety of construction project has been designed. And for further demonstrating the advantage of the new designed method, we also select a number of existed methods to have comparisons. First published online 13 January 2021

Each kind of worldview and ideology can create a certain type of urban planning and of course the appearance of the city according to its teachings. Islamic urban planning is not separate from Islamic ideology and its inhabitants and is the crystallization of their thinking and lifestyle. In Islam, the emergence of any phenomenon by the people occurs in three main aspects: Intellectual and ideological aspects, practical and moral aspects, objective aspects that all together lead to the emergence of authentic Islamic cities. Today, due to the influence of foreign culture, the mentioned aspects are weak and even disturbed. In this article, we intend to determine the location of each urban area of Ardabil from the mentioned aspects. Therefore, this study tries to answer the question: How close are the urban areas of Ardabil to the elements involved in the emergence and realization of the main Islamic city? This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose and its data has been collected both in the form of documents and field (citizens questionnaire). The statistical population of this research is the citizens of Ardabil. Using Cochran's sampling formula, 383 people were selected as the statistical sample of the study by stratified sampling method from five regions of Ardabil (proportional to the population of regions) and COPRAS model was used to analyze the data and it was found that each One of the urban areas of Ardabil has different ratios in terms of proximity and compatibility with the elements involved in the emergence of the original Islamic city In general, the position of Ardabil city in terms of compliance and proximity with the characteristics of the elements of the original Islamic city based on the COPRAS model and with an average (NJ 88.44) is a more appropriate situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: One of the most complex social phenomena in today's cities is inequality. This inequality in urban space has led to problems, especially in metropolitan areas. One of these issues and problems is the social exclusion of some citizens in the urban space. The purpose of this paper is to survey urban space in terms of indicators of social exclusion. Methods: The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical in terms of method. First, the data were collected using questionnaire tools for indexing and then Shannon entropy method was used to weight social exclusion indices. The target neighborhoods are then ranked and leveled based on the Coopers model and analyzed spatially through a map in ArcGIS. Results:According to the indicators of social exclusion from a total of 13 neighborhoods, the residents of 4 neighborhoods, all of which are located in the northern part of the region, do not suffer from social exclusion due to their social context, economic situation and access to political power structure. While the neighborhoods of Bazaar, Imamzadeh Yahya, Sangalaj and Harandi, which have the largest population and area and form the old and central core of Tehran, are severely socially excluded in terms of socio-cultural, economic- structural and political-civil dimensions. And the other 5 neighborhoods are in a moderate situation in terms of social exclusion. Conclusion: A study and recognition of the concept and indicators of social exclusion and their evaluation in the urban space of District 12 of Tehran Municipality shows that although this area is located in the heart of Tehran in terms of geographical location, But it is not possible to provide social, political and economic opportunities for all its inhabitantsAnd some of its neighborhoods are considered isolated spacesAnd some neighborhoods are considered excluded spaces.