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In view of the shortage of short linen yarn and the low utilization rate of short linen yarn, the short linen fiber after chemical degumming was carded and opened twice by a sample carding machine, then dyed, moistened and braised with oil and finally spun on cotton spinning equipment. By optimizing the process parameters in each spinning process, 41.7 tex pure short linen yarn was successfully spun. The quality index of the yarn was tested, and the performance was compared with 41.7 tex linen wet spining dyed yarn and 41.7 tex pure linen dyed yarn. The results showed that the main yarn index of 41.7 tex pure short linen colored spun yarn on cotton spinning equipment was reached the excellent yarn quality standard of T/ CNTAC60-2020 "Dry ring spun flax grey yarn". Its breaking tenacity, strength CV value and breaking elongation rate were between pure linen wet spining dyed yarn and pure linen dyed yarn with the same linear density, which can partially replace pure linen wet spining dyed yarn for subsequent weaving process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1937, the Japanese government accelerated the expansion of its military expenditure and began to impose controls on the economy to maintain the balance of international payments. The controls were developed through trial and error. The cotton spinning industry was one of the industries most deeply affected by these controls. Initially, the government simply reduced the allocation of foreign exchange for raw cotton imports. However, because this measure prevented the export of cotton products, especially to countries outside the yen bloc, a new scheme of control, the 'export–import link system', was adopted from the second half of 1938. This scheme was intentionally designed to give firms incentives to export to non‐yen bloc countries and to incorporate elements of market mechanisms into the system of economic controls. Analysing firm‐level data, we find that under the link system, firms with higher labour productivity (LP) tended to grow faster, as occurs under a market economy. This relationship was not observed during the early stage of the controls. This difference is reflected in the pattern of change in aggregate LP. Under the export–import link system, the positive reallocation effect was substantial, similar to a market economy, whereas it was almost zero under the early controls. These findings indicate that the design of controls matters for the performance of controlled economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber length is one of the most important factors affecting the drafting force and its variability. By analyzing the draftometer data, the interaction between the dynamic drafting force and its variability with respect to the short fiber content of carded cotton sliver is discussed. Two cotton slivers with similar physical properties, except for their short fiber content (i.e.8.8% and 5.3%) were tested. An increase in drafting force and a decrease in its coefficient of variance (CV%) was noticed for the sample with higher short fiber content. With back gauge increase (from 43mm to 51 mm), the drafting force decreased and its variability increased, irrespective of short fiber content. The inter-fiber cohesion generally decreased, with widened roller settings. It was shown that a broader distribution of fiber length in an assembly of fibers created, more contact points in the strand being aligned by the drafting process. The CV of drafting force increased as we moved from the smaller back ratch to a wider one, which also contributed to sliver irregularity.

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Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the improvement of cotton‐spinning technologies in the years after the great inventions of Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Crompton. While these 'macro‐inventions' have attracted considerable historical attention, our understanding of the major changes in types and sizes of spinning machines used in the UK between the 1780s and the onset of state‐collected factory statistics in the 1830s is still largely based on the experience of high‐profile firms or specific technologies and regions. A new dataset of 1,465 machinery advertisements published in newspapers in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1780 and 1835 allows us to examine the temporal and spatial dimensions of the market for cotton‐spinning machinery, the timings of transitions between different spinning machines, and increases in machine size. The article demonstrates the importance of post‐invention technical improvements in the cotton industry, showing that the productivity increases associated with the initial transition from hand to machine spinning have been overstated and that larger gains were made in the 'micro‐invention' phase, when spinning machines became larger and faster, and required fewer workers to operate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung is the property of Leipziger Universitaetsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The diffusion of technological knowledge is key to industry growth. But not all knowledge is created equal. I use a nanoeconomic approach to examine knowledge diffusion-based growth in the Meiji-era Japanese cotton spinning industry, which enjoyed remarkable success after a decade of initial failure. By tracing sources of technological knowledge to individual engineers, I find that successful technology diffusion required the right kind of human capital embodying and transmitting knowledge, and a competitive environment that rewarded talent while weeding out incompetence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cotton-spinning mills developed in Nottinghamshire by George Robinson and his sons in the late 18th century were acknowledged by contemporary writers to be pioneering. Faced with a crisis in their water supply, their early use of steam power was ground-breaking. Furthermore, their impact on the landscape was considerable. From the 1960s, researchers identified surviving earthworks and catalogued aspects of the business. Exploration of the mill water system since 2000 has revealed more detail about their innovative approach to maintaining production with their water-wheels, using a modest stream and a combination of surface water storage and groundwater sources. An HLF-funded project has recently extended the archaeological research at Papplewick with extensive surveying and targeted excavation. A wider socio-economic appraisal of the Robinson mills has also been undertaken. This article discusses some of the outputs of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, most functional finishing agents in the market are attached to the surface of the fabric to achieve functional effects. However, the effect will be significantly weakened after several times of washing, furthermore, the texture and durability of the fabric is also reduced. To solve the problems, far-infrared antibacterial crystal of about 5 nanometers was introduced into the scaly structural layer of cashmere fibers to achieve permanent antibacterial function in this paper. Functional cashmere fibers, modal and Sustans fiber were used to spin functional modal/cashmere/Sustans fiber (45/30/25) blended knitting yarns through a combination of the worsted spinning process system and the cotton spinning process system. The important components of the spinning equipment were transformed to better solve the problem of blended yarn wool particles. The test results showed that the fabric with blended yarn has good anti-pilling, warm-keeping and antibacterial properties, which gives a new idea to functional cashmere blended knitting yarn development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: We study the processes of firm growth in the evolution of the Japanese cotton spinning industry during 1883–1914 by integrating strategy and historical approaches and utilizing rich quantitative firm‐level data and detailed business histories. The resultant conceptual model highlights growth outcomes of path dependencies as firms evolve across periods of single versus shared leadership, establish stability in shared leadership, or experience repeated discord‐induced top management team (TMT) leader departures. While most firms do not experience smooth transitions to stable shared TMT leadership, a focus on value creation, in conjunction with talent recruitment and promotion, enabled some firms to achieve stable shared leadership despite discord‐induced departures, engage in long‐term expansion, and emerge as "centers of gravity" for output and talent in the industry. Managerial Summary: We demonstrate stable shared leadership is at root of firms who emerge as centers of gravity in an industry and account for the lion's share of output. Stable shared leadership enables growth strategies such as talent recruitment, product diversification, downstream integration, and acquisitions. Stable shared leadership, however, is extremely difficult to maintain. Most firms experience discord‐induced departures in TMTs due to politics and power struggles. Firms that deviate from this norm to become industry leaders achieve stable shared leadership by adhering to fundamental principles related to long‐term value creation as opposed to short‐term gain, adoption of merit‐based promotion systems in defiance of stereotypes, sharing of power within TMT leadership to enable efficient division of labor, and honorable resolution of conflicts and ethical breaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wooded valley of Eller Beck at Skipton in North Yorkshire became the focus for the early industrialisation of the town during the 18th century, as the Earls of Thanet pursued improvement of their estates. Initially, investment was directed towards the quarrying of limestone and its export via the Springs Canal. The quarrying interest had shifted further east to Haw Bank by 1785, and a network of dams and watercourses was then constructed to power a new cotton mill. The canal was extended concurrently, and a railway from Haw Bank to a new canal terminus was constructed, transforming the historic landscape in the valley beneath the north walls of Skipton Castle. Downstream from the cotton mill, enterprising new industry was established at the former manorial corn and fulling mills. Recreational use of the woodland has since become a significant component within the regional tourist economy, thereby initiating a discrete new industrial phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutamba is a thirteenth-century settlement located on the Soutpansberg Mountains in northern South Africa with links to the regionally important Mapungubwe polity. This paper provides a detailed report of the range and utilisation of archaeobotanical taxa found at Mutamba. This research provides base-line evidence on the little understood, but significant role of plants in southern African Iron Age society. The analysis of 100 randomly selected samples from domestic features yielded 11 identifiable species and two genera. The results provide evidence for a potential crop package made up of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and mung beans (Vigna radiata). Mutamba also contains the first documented example of Vigna radiata as a crop component in South Africa, the first tangible indication for the occurrence of malted grains used in beer brewing and the first archaeological links between Gossypium herbaceum and cotton spinning, previously based only on ethnographic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigations was carried out to determine prediction equation and the relative contribution of five fiber properties to estimate yarn strength, neps and evenness on count 80,100 and 120 for Extra-long (extra fine) and Extra-long stable of Egyptian cotton varieties under combed ring spinning systems.///The full model regression and stepwise multiple linear regression model were used to satisfy the target of work. The results of the supposed models of regression differed according to the Extra-long (extra fine) and extra-long of Egyptian cotton varieties and also the applying yarn counts.///Generally, under combed ring spinning system, Upper half mean Length was the most effective fiber properties to predict yarn properties for the Extra-long Extra fine, Extra-long stable on counts 80 100 and 120 while, fiber strength and micronaire were the most important fiber traits contributing to yarn properties using the Extra-long (extra fine) stable on count 120 in Egyptian cotton varieties. The Fiber diameter was the greatest influence on the studied yarn properties for the Extra-long staple on count 120while, Fiber Diameter ranked the first in fiber properties that used to predict the yarn strength on count8os for the Extra-long stable in Egyptian cotton varieties.///All the supposed models of regression were significant and reflected large part of the variation of studied yarn properties expressed as high values of R² and near values of the corresponding adjusted R² indicating the validity and goodness of fit for these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the technological and operational factors that affect production planning and control in cotton spinning mills and presents a simulation model developed to assist in maintaining the balance of the production system by controlling inter-stage stocks. The production system is characterized by a series of stages with different numbers of parallel machines at each stage having batch input and output features. Statistical analysis of the results obtained are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Middle Iron Age (MIA) of southern Africa is a period characterized by increased social complexity centered on the polity of Mapungubwe. This article considers the role that fiber spinning played in the regional political economy of the period. At Mutamba and other sites in the southern hinterland of Mapungubwe, spinning was a significant economic activity. Evidence from 187 spindle whorls from the site suggests that intensive spinning of cotton was practiced by households. This enabled hinterland communities to actively participate in regional trade networks and acquire trade goods, including objects that were often restricted in the Mapungubwe heartland. This casts hinterland communities as active participants, rather than passive bystanders, in the regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To meet the requirements of the cotton spinning industry and achieve the best quality of ring-spun yarn, it becomes an imperative task to determine the technological values of cotton fibers. The availability of High Volume Instrument (HIV) data now makes it possible to evaluate the quality of cotton fiber with respect to some of its major physical properties. The fiber quality index (FQI), the spinning consistency index (SCI), and the multiplicative analytic hierarchy process (MAHP) are some of the popular approaches adopted by the spinning industry personnel to determine the quality values of cotton fibers. In this paper, while integrating the design of experiments (DoE) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a regression meta-model is developed for determining the technological value of cotton fiber with respect to the TOPSIS score. This model identifies the statistically significant fiber properties and their interactions affecting the estimated TOPSIS score while fitting a polynomial to the experimental data in multiple linear regression analysis. It is observed that the uniformity index has no importance in quality value evaluation of the cotton fiber, although its interactions with other properties are statistically significant. A validation analysis shows an excellent degree of congruence of this meta-model with the existing models for cotton fiber quality determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of temporary trade protection on long-term economic development. I find that regions in the French Empire which became better protected from trade with the British for exogenous reasons during the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) increased capacity in mechanized cotton spinning to a larger extent than regions which remained more exposed to trade. In the long run, regions with exogenously higher spinning capacity had higher activity in mechanized cotton spinning. They also had higher value added per capita in industry up to the second half of the nineteenth century, but not later. (JEL F13, L67, N43, N63, N73) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The traditional and orthodox interpretation of the British Raj (colonial rule in India) characterizes it in terms of the economic exploitation of India. However, recent historical studies have focused on the revival or development of the Indian cotton industry at the turn of the twentieth century. This article pays special attention to the rapid development of the Indian cotton-spinning industry as an export industry for the Chinese market and its implications for intra-Asian competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Dulal Brothers' Ltd. (DBL) Group, a knit garments manufacturing and exporting composite industry in Bangladesh. Topics include its manufacturing and merchandising operations including cotton spinning, fabric knitting, dyeing, finishing and garments cutting, and and exporting garments to renowned brands such as H&M, Puma and G-Star.

Selection of cotton fibres as the raw material in textile spinning industries can often be formulated as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Sometimes, the nature of this selection problem becomes complicated and unstructured requiring the deployment of advanced mathematical tools and techniques to derive at the most acceptable solution. The traditional computational methods are inapt to deal with fuzzy information, if present in a decision-making problem. Thus, in this paper, the application of fuzzy axiomatic design (FAD) principles is presented in order to identify the most suitable cotton fibre for ring spun yarn from a set of competing alternatives while fulfilling the requirements of the spinning industries. It can quantitatively transform the impreciseness present in the cotton fibre selection problem while yielding satisfactory ranking order of the considered alternatives. To ease out this cotton fibre selection process, a software prototype is also developed which can be applicable to any type of decision-making problem with fuzzy information having any number of alternatives and criteria. It is observed that the ranking pattern of the cotton fibre alternatives derived from FAD methodology is almost similar to that obtained by the past researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a panel stochastic frontier model that handles the endogeneity problem. This model can treat the endogeneity of both frontier and inefficiency variables. We apply our method to examine the technical efficiency of Japanese cotton spinning industry. Our results indicate that market concentration is endogenous, and when its endogeneity is properly handled, it has a larger negative impact on the technical efficiency of cotton spinning plants. We find that the exogenous model substantially overestimates efficiency in concentrated markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, conventional long ramie fiber was stretch-broken into short fibers with lengths of 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, and 50 mm. Then, these stretch-broken fibers were processed in a cotton spinning system. The results show that, compared to long ramie fibers processed in a conventional ramie spinning system, the stretch-broken fibers, with reasonable fiber length and high length uniformity, can be processed in a cotton spinning system with high efficiency and generally have better resultant yarn quality. For all of the stretch-broken yarns, the yarn processed from fiber with 40 mm length shows the best comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core of intelligent manufacturing, cyber-physical systems (CPS) have serious security issues, especially for the communication security of their terminal machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. In this paper, blockchain technology is introduced to address such a security problem of communications between different types of machines in the CPS. According to the principles of blockchain technology, we designed a blockchain for secure M2M communications. As a communication system, M2M consists of public network areas, device areas, and private areas, and we designed a sophisticated blockchain structure between the public area and private area. For validating our design, we took cotton spinning production as a case study to demonstrate our solution to M2M communication problems under the CPS framework. We have demonstrated that the blockchain technology can effectively solve the safety of expansion of machines in the production process and the communication data between the machines cannot be tampered with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose In spinning industries, selection of the most appropriate fibre for yarn manufacturing plays an important role for achieving an optimal mix of several yarn characteristics, like maximum tenacity, elasticity and spinning ability; and minimum unevenness and hairiness. Identification of the best suited cotton fibre from a set of available alternatives in presence of different conflicting physical properties is often treated as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the preference ranking organisation method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) and geometrical analysis for interactive aid (GAIA) methods are integrated to solve a cotton fibre selection problem. The PROMETHEE II method ranks the alternative cotton fibres based on their net outranking flows, whereas GAIA acts as a visual aid to strongly support the derived selection decision. The weight stability intervals for all the considered fibre properties (criteria) over which the position of the top-ranked cotton fibre remains unchanged are also determined.Findings The clusters of cotton fibres formed in the developed GAIA plane act as a yard stick for their appropriate grading to aid the blending process. The ranking of 17 cotton fibres as achieved applying the combined PROMETHEE-GAIA approach highly corroborates with the observations of the past researchers which proves its immense potentiality and applicability in solving fibre selection problems.Originality/value Two MCDM methods in the form of PROMETHEE II and GAIA are integrated to provide a holistic approach for cotton fibre grading and selection while taking into consideration all the available cotton fibre properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The derivation and performance of yarn quality prediction models in a program called Cottonspec is reported. Cottonspec incorporates a large database of fiber and yarn data from commercial spinning mills, a series of regression-based models predicting yarn quality from measured cotton fiber quality parameters and yarn specifications and a user interface. The inclusion of independent variables into prediction equations was dependent on the criteria that their inclusion was statistically significant and that variables had a theoretically direct influence on yarn structure. Yarn data was corrected to allow for twist, yarn count and yarn irregularity before correlation with fiber properties. Differences in yarn testing results between mills could be corrected by a Mill Correction Factor. Adherence to these criteria and the ability to draw on the very large database meant prediction ability of the models was excellent, as demonstrated in a series of cross-validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]