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The in vitro production of animal-derived foods via cellular agriculture is emerging as a key solution to global food security challenges. Here, the potential for fiber-based scaffolds, including silk and cotton, in the cultivation of muscle cells for tissue formation was pursued. Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility with the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and immortalized bovine muscle satellite cells (iBSCs) were assessed, as well as pre-digestion options for the materials due to their resilience within the human digestive track. The fibers supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and guided muscle cell orientation, facilitating myotube formation per differentiation. A progressive increase in biomass was also documented. Interestingly, iBSC proliferation was enhanced with coatings of recombinant proteins while C2C12 cells showed minimal response. Thus, both cotton and silk yarns were suitable as fiber-based scaffolds towards cell supportive goals, suggesting an alternative path toward structured protein-rich foods via this initial stage of textile engineering for food. Biomass prediction models were generated, enabling forecasts of cell growth and maturation across various scaffold conditions and cell types. This capability enhances the precision of the cultivation process towards an engineering approach, building on the inherent benefits of hierarchical muscle tissue structure, but here via textile engineering with these initial muscle-coated edible fibers. Further, the approach offers to reduce costs by optimizing cultivation time and media needs. These approaches are part of a foundation for future scalable and sustainable cultivated meat production. This research investigates the use of one-dimensional fiber-based scaffolds for cultivated meat production, contributing to advancements in cellular agriculture. It introduces a method to measure changes in biomass and scaffold degradation throughout the cultivation process. Additionally, our development of biomass prediction models improves the precision and predictability of cultivated meat production. This research not only aids in scaling up cultivated meats but also enhances the use of textile engineering techniques in tissue engineering, paving the way for producing complex, three-dimensional meat structures more sustainably. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for soft, flexible, and conformable devices that may offer electrical functionality along with the benefit of comfort is increasing with the emergence of wearable electronic devices in our daily lives. Electronic textiles (e-textile) fabrics have electronic components embedded in them and can be worn. This textile must be conformal to the body, and also smart. This article proposes the synthesis of a conductive yarn that can be knit together to textiles to fabricate a smart textile with integrated electronic capabilities, which can be used as a sensor that detects critical parameters from human body. The proposed conductive yarn has been synthesised from cotton yarn, utilising the simple dip-immersion, and drying technique. Different forms of carbon materials, such as activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphite are used as conductive elements with polyvinyl acetate and deionised water as solvent. The conductive elements and the solvent are combined to prepare the conductive solution. The experiment has been carried out by varying yarn thickness and composition of conductive material with fixed yarn length. The coated yarns were analysed by developing their mathematical model using the linear fit technique. The change in resistance per unit length of the yarn was computed as the slope (kΩ/cm). The mathematical model of optimised conductive yarn is derived as y = 4.535 x + 1.93 with a conductivity of 4.17 S/m. The experimental work proves that a commercially available cotton yarn can be infused with electrical properties by coating it with a conductive material. Additionally, it has also been observed that textile-based wearable devices are possible to fabricate with simple and cost-effective techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton, cotton yarn, and other cotton products have frequent price volatility, increasing the difficulty for industry participants to develop rational business decision plans. To support cotton textile industry decision‐makers, we apply data mining methods to extract the main influencing factors affecting cotton yarn futures prices from big data and build a probabilistic forecasting model for cotton yarn price volatility with uncertainty assessment. Based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and data‐driven perspectives, we use the LassoNet algorithm to extract 18 features most relevant to the target variable from the massive data and visualize the importance values of the selected features to improve the reliability. Moreover, by combining conformal forecasting (CP) with quantile regression (QR), the uncertainty measure of the point estimation results of the long and short‐term memory (LSTM) model is applied to improve the application value of the model. Finally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is introduced to analyze the SHAP values of the input features on the output results and to explore in depth the interaction and mechanism of action between the input features and the target variables to improve the explainability of the model. Our model provides a "big data‐forecasting model‐decision support" decision paradigm for real‐world problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the development and characterization of conductive coatings applied to cotton yarns for machine‐sewn electronic textiles. namely 100% pure undyed, fully bleached, and half bleached, are dip‐coated with two solutions: the conductive carbon paste (CCP) solution and the PEDOT:PSS (5 wt.%)/CCP (55.8 wt.%) solution. Each yarn is coated and dried three times, followed by cross‐linking with a 2% CaCl2 solution. Extensive testing, including electrochemical, SEM, tensile, FTIR, XPS, TGA, DTG, linear density, machine sewing, and wash durability, is performed. The half‐bleached yarn coated with CCP exhibits the highest conductivity (19.46 ± 0.240 Scm⁻¹) and density (65.33 ± 1.1 Tex), and the pure undyed yarn coated with PEDOT:PSS/CCP at 1.913 ± 0.007 Scm−1. Both coatings demonstrated durability, retaining conductivity, and strength after multiple washing cycles, with values of 18.70 ± 0.32 and 1.90 ± 0.007 Scm⁻¹ post‐wash. Thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) indicates improved stability, with Tm values reaching 273.66 and 280.38 °C for CCP and PEDOT/CCP coatings, respectively. FTIR and XPS confirmed strong chemical bonding, ensuring robust adhesion. These results suggest the feasibility of cost‐effective, bio‐compatible, and durable conductive yarns for advanced electronic textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of solar interfacial evaporation and power generation offers a sustainable solution to address water and electricity scarcity. Although water‐power cogeneration schemes are proposed, the existing schemes lack scalability, flexibility, convenience, and stability. These limitations severely limit their future industrial applications. In this study, we prepared a hybrid fabric composed of basalt fibers and cotton yarns with asymmetric structure using textile weaving technology. The cotton yarn in lower layer of fabric facilitates water transport, while the basalt fibers in upper layer enable thermal localization and water supply balancing. The carbon black is deposited on top layer by flame burning to facilitate photothermal conversion. The fabric exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.52 kg m−2 h−1, which is 3.6 times that of pure water, and an efficiency of 88.06% under 1 kW m−2 light intensity. After assembly with a thermoelectric module, the hybrid system achieves a maximum output power density of 66.73 mW m−2. By exploiting the scalability of fabric, large‐scale desalination and power production can be achieved in outdoor environments. This study demonstrates the seamless integration of fabric‐based solar evaporation and waste heat‐to‐energy technologies, thereby providing new avenues for the development of scalable and stable water‐power cogeneration systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change materials (PCMs) have been incorporated into textiles to provide thermoregulation and temperature buffering effects on the human body. From this point of view, the aim of this study was to develop the phase change material (PCM) incorporated into the yarns for the production of textiles with a thermo‐regulating function. In the study, two types of capsules poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (P(MMA‐co‐MAA)) walled and 1‐tetradecanol core, and gelatin‐gum Arabic walled and n‐octadecane core were synthesized and applied to cotton textile fibers using an alternative application method developed by the authors. PCM dispersion with 6% concentration was incorporated into cotton ring spun yarns at 62.5 and 80 mL/h feeding rates. Morphological and thermal properties of the capsules and spun yarns were investigated. Thermoregulation properties of fabricated yarns were detailed evaluated by segmenting thermal history (T‐history) curves into four phases and logarithmic and linear trendlines were applied to the temperature change data for unloaded and PCM incorporated yarns. Data including temperature range (°C), R2 (coefficient of determination or regression factor), rate coefficient (a) and duration of phase (s) were analyzed for both capsule types and feeding rate values. The results indicated that PCM capsules with ideal spherical morphology and enough energy storage capacity were successfully applied into the cotton fibers. All cotton yarns with PCM additives exhibited lower surface temperature values greater than 2°C which is considered sufficient for the thermoregulation effect although with some distinct variations in their temperature profiles and rate coefficients. Compared to untreated cotton ring spun yarn, the temperature difference for 1‐tetradecanol core@P(MMA‐co‐MAA) walled capsules was found to be around 4.29°C–4.56°C, whereas it was around 8.2°C–9°C for n‐octadecane core@gelatin‐gum Arabic walled capsules. With respect to all the results, obtained novel heat storage cotton yarn is a promising material for thermal energy storage and desirable thermal comfort applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of municipal solid waste (MSW) source segregation leads to a more convenient recycle of combustible MSW components. Textiles, plastics and papers are commonly available combustible components in MSW. Their shredding is conducive to resources recovery. But these components usually have high tensile strengths and are difficult to shred. To understand their mechanical strength changes in their early pyrolysis stage will help to address this problem. In this study, a universal electronic testing machine was used to determine the breaking strengths of the materials including cotton towel, polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), ivory board (IB), kraft paper (KP) and wool scarf in the temperature range of 30–250°C under N2 atmosphere, and the mechanisms of their strength changes were explored. The reaction force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulation was used to explain the decomposition behaviours of different sugar groups of hemicellulose in cotton and paper and the change of van der Waals energy of wool during their early pyrolysis stages. The results showed that breaking strengths of all the combustible MSW components reduced as the temperature increased. The breaking strength of PET was found to have the highest descent rate with increasing temperature, then the descent rates of wool and cotton came as the second and third, respectively. Compared with cotton, the breaking strengths of KP and IB decreased more slowly. As the temperature increased, the breaking strength of cotton reduced mainly due to the decomposition of the glucuronic acid in hemicellulose, and the reduction was characterized by CO2 release. The breaking strength reduction of PET was caused by its molecular chain being relaxed. The breaking strength reduction of wool was firstly caused by the decrease in the van der Waals energy between its molecules, and then caused by molecular chain breaking. In addition, in order to understand the influence of material size on the breaking strength change during thermal treatment, the breaking strengths of cotton yarn bundles were correlated with their yarn number and temperature. This study lays the foundation for understanding changes in mechanical strengths of combustible MSW components during their early pyrolysis stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Synthetic Fiber Industry is the property of Sinopec Baling Petrochemical Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the oxidation and reduction method was combined with chemical and hydrothermal method to prepare graphene ink for high electrical conductivity. The prepared ink samples were subsequently analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray dispersion spectrometer (EDS). The resulting samples displayed a deposition of extremely thin slices and consistent geometric shapes with a thickness from 3 to 1 nm. Moreover, the weighty and atomic ratios of carbon and oxygen in the samples were 48.75 and 36.59%, respectively; the carbon ratio was higher than the oxygen ratio. Open-end, carded, and combed cotton yarn samples were coated using the surface coating technique. The tensile strength of the treated cotton yarns was tested and analyzed. On the open-end yarn sample's surface, thin slices of graphene were densely present. Additionally, the open-end yarn's atomic ratios of carbon and oxygen were 5.4 and 7.3%, respectively. Sample's electrical resistance was constant even after 12 washes; the open-end yarn had the lowest electrical resistance. The suitability of the treated yarns for use in heat generation applications was studied. As a result, by increasing the applied voltage and the number of graphene ink layers, the open-end yarn temperature rises to 55 °C. The open-end yarn temperature was increased by increasing the number of applied graphene layers. This finding suggests that these yarns could be used in wearable smart textiles that generate heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive inflammation poses a major challenge to wound care, with massive exudation and bacterial infection being the prominent factors contributing to the inflammation. Current biomaterials can achieve passive or interactive wound repair through exudate absorption and anti‐infection. However, they cannot actively modulate the cellular behavior associated with skin wound repair. Inspired by the endogenous electric field (EF), the present study develops an antimicrobial and self‐powered electrical fabric dressing (EFD). An EFD with multifunctional properties of wound exudate collection, anti‐infection, and self‐powered electrical stimulation (ES) is assembled via weaving a series of hydrophilically modified cotton yarn‐based batteries. Upon contact with the wound, EFD absorbs the wound exudate owing to its high hydrophilicity and utilizes it as the natural electrolyte to activate the battery. With the endogenous power supply, the ES‐promoted polarization of macrophage, as well as the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, enhancing the active wound repair process. Moreover, the dressings exhibit excellent antibacterial properties, attributable to the synergistic effects of the cationic polymer brushes on the cotton yarn and the anodic by‐product (magnesium hydroxide) during discharging. Thus, the wound exudate‐activated EFD can effectively manage wound exudates, prevent bacterial infection, and provide self‐powered electrotherapy to facilitate active wound tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiCo-LDHs with various morphologies were grown on conductive yarn by a co-precipitation technique. • The nano-needle NiCo-LDHs exhibited lower crystallinity yet demonstrated superior areal capacitance with a diffusion-controlled process. • The tip effect induced ion aggregation for nano-needle NiCo-LDH was simulated. • Demonstrating the fast incorporation of NiCo-LDHs based yarn into fabrics for wearable energy storage applications. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are considered promising materials for supercapacitor applications. However, the development of yarn-shaped supercapacitors (YSCs) with high electrochemical performance utilizing LDHs remains challenging. In this study, the NiCo-LDHs with various morphologies (nano-needles, nano-sheets, needle-sheet composites, and nano-flowers) were grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-functionalized cotton yarn via a co-precipitation technique for YSC applications. Among these, the yarn incorporating nano-needle NiCo-LDHs exhibited reduced crystallinity yet demonstrated a superior areal capacitance compared to other morphologies, following a diffusion-controlled process. Finite element simulations were subsequently conducted to investigate this phenomenon, revealing that the lower-crystallinity nano-needle NiCo-LDHs accumulated a greater charge at their tips, thereby enhancing redox reactions and achieving higher energy storage capacitance. Subsequently, the yarns with nano-needle NiCo-LDHs were assembled into flexible quasi-solid-state symmetric YSCs, achieving a peak areal capacitance of 124.27 mF cm−2 and an exceptionally high energy density of 39.4 μWh cm−2 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, our YSCs can be scaled up through serial or parallel connections and integrated into fabrics, making them suitable for wearable energy storage applications. This work provides an efficient method for fabricating high-performance YSCs and demonstrates significant potential for wearable energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, textile sensors have played a crucial role in the development of smart clothing, which integrates electronic components and technology into garments. Furthermore, a variety of textile sensors in smart clothing have gained attention for their healthcare applications, including analyzing sweat, monitoring biomarkers, and sensing electrophysiology. The conductive polymer poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been explored for various applications, such as flexible and wearable electronics, neural interfaces, and bioelectronics devices. Herein, a sensitive and selective ion detection utilizing cotton yarn‐based textile sensors integrated with ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) is presented. First, a straightforward and reproducible approach for manufacturing textile sensors based on PEDOT:PSS is described. The relationship between the resistance change of these sensors and their performance, encompassing stability and flexibility is investigated. Following this, ISMs are integrated into the sensors to detect sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions, separately. The sensors display a consistent linear response toward the detected ion in a concentration range from 1 to 50 mM. Moreover, the sensors exhibit notable selectivity against the undesired ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic products are used in large quantities. However, the fact that plastics do not degrade in nature for many years causes environmental pollution. Addressing this issue, the study focuses on recycling the widespread high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste. In this study, HDPE waste was collected randomly from the environment, mirroring real-world scenarios. Then, the waste was transformed into granules. Afterward, washing and drying processes were carried out. HDPE filaments of different linear densities were successfully produced from the waste plastic granules. Tensile tests revealed that the breaking strength of the filaments from waste plastic was lower than that of virgin HDPE filaments, highlighting the challenges of recycling. Hybrid yarns were formed by twisting the filaments with cotton yarn to improve the mechanical properties of the filaments from waste plastic. Remarkably, statistical analysis demonstrated that the breaking load values of the hybrid yarns from waste plastic were statistically equivalent to those made from virgin polymer. This outcome indicated that the hybrid yarns made from waste HDPE plastic were as strong as those made from virgin HDPE polymer. In addition, both hybrid yarns exhibited a breaking load 36% higher than the reference extra-twisted cotton yarn. The hybrid yarn formation made filaments produced from waste plastic a valuable component of the high-strength hybrid yarn. Overall, this study shows that recycling HDPE plastics can lead to the production of high-strength hybrid yarns, which can contribute to reducing plastic waste pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton micronaire is an essential fiber quality attribute that characterizes both fiber maturity and fineness components. Micronaire and other attributes are measured on fiber lint routinely in laboratories under controlled environmental conditions following a well-established high-volume instrument protocol. In this study, the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, characterizing fundamental group vibrations in fiber cellulose from 4000 to 400 cm−1, and using an attenuated total reflection device, was explored for fiber micronaire assessment, especially for seed cotton locule fibers that were mingled with nonlint materials, and varied in fiber maturity within a naturally variable sample. Partial least squares multivariate regression models and the algorithmic infrared maturity approach were developed and then applied to predict micronaire values of validation samples and independent seed cotton samples for comparison. Unlike partial least squares models that showed worse in the coefficient of determination, bias, and percentage of samples within the 95% agreement range for independent samples than for validation samples, the algorithmic infrared maturity approach indicated a similarity in the coefficient of determination, bias, and percentage of samples within the 95% agreement range between the validation samples and independent samples. In particular, the algorithmic infrared maturity approach avoided the need to re-calibrate the model with new samples. Therefore, the development of a robust and effective Fourier transform infrared technique combined with the infrared maturity approach for rapid laboratory micronaire assessment and distribution demonstrated a great potential for its extension to the early micronaire testing in remote/breeding locations, and also to regular cotton fibers, processed cotton yarns and fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of core‐spun yarns with spandex has achieved significant interest over the past decade because of their exceptional stretchability, resilience, and comfort features. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of changing the spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of 16 Ne core spun yarn and the produced denim fabric using these yarns as weft. Core‐spun yarns were produced from three different spandex deniers at various TM values, where cotton roving was used as the sheath. Fabrics were manufactured using an air‐jet weaving machine with the core spun yarn as weft and 100% ring cotton yarn as warp (12 Ne) following the identical 3/1 twill weave pattern. Results reveal that using different spandex percentages shows better results at different TM parameters. Both yarn and fabric were attained at a twist multiplier of 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 for 40, 70, and 105 D, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that the yarn produced using lower spandex denier gives higher tenacity for yarn and fabric. However, the yarn produced using a higher spandex denier gives higher elongation percentage for yarn, higher tear strength, recovery, and lower growth percentage fabric. Highlights: Influence of spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of core‐spun yarn and the resulting denim fabric.The higher spandex denier exhibited greater tear strength, better recovery, and lower fabric growth percentages.Increasing the twist multiplier initially increased the tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns and fabrics, followed by a decrease.Higher spandex percentages reduced hairiness and increased with higher twist levels.Higher spandex denier indicates the need for tailored TM settings based on spandex denier to achieve desired fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cotton and polyester fiber blends are commonly used to improve the aesthetic features of finished items. The denim industry's growing need for polyester fiber aids in analyzing the performance of denim fabrics woven from rigid and stretched weft yarn combined with cotton and polyester. This study evaluates the weight, dimensional changes, stiffness, tensile and tearing strength, stretch, and comfort properties of denim fabric woven from cotton and polyester in various blended ratios. Here, Ne 14/1 (42 tex) 100% cotton warp yarn and Ne 18/1 (33 tex) weft yarns, consisting of 100% cotton, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 cotton/polyester (CO/PES) blends, as well as 100% polyester, were used to produce 3/1 Z twill denim fabric. The weft yarns were categorized into three groups: rigid, core-spun, and dual-core-spun yarns. Experimental results showed a higher polyester content in weft yarn, and denim fabrics' tensile and tearing strength was improved, whereas fabrics' weight loss, dimensional changes, and stretch properties were reduced. Furthermore, different statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the type of weft yarn and blending ratio interaction and correlation with fabric properties. Additionally, a regression model was developed with the weft yarn type and blending ratio as independent variables to predict the fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetics and functionality of honeycomb woven assemblies qualifies them for a range of applications expanding across home textiles, fashion, functional apparels, and technical products. Researchers have explored honeycomb assemblies with the focus on shrinkage, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat protection properties analysis via variation in their cell sizes. However, very minimal research is found on analysis of honeycomb woven fabric assemblies' thermal comfort characteristics by employing different weft insertion sequence and materials (cotton and stretchable yarns). This study reflects the thermal conductivity, dry fluid transmission (air permeability), wet fluid transmission (moisture management), and stiffness attributes of twelve stretchable honeycomb woven assemblies consisting of single ridge, double ridge, and brighton honeycomb weave structures along with different weft sequences of cotton and Type 400 (T-400) stretch yarns. Characterization data showed that single ridge honeycomb structure supports the highest dry fluid transmission property; however, brighton honeycomb offers the highest heat retention property. Double ridge honeycomb highlights the capability of the highest wet fluid transmission property, and brighton honeycomb has immense stiffness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) also showed that honeycomb structures, weft yarn sequence and material have a statistically significant impact on thermal conductivity and fluid transmission behaviors with p -values less than 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a detailed exploration of the effects of glycine treatment on the morphology and tensile properties of cotton yarn is presented. From the cross-sectional morphological studies, it can be noticed that glycine treatment at pH 11 swelled the cotton fibres. Linear density measurements showed that the yarn weight increased after glycine treatment irrespective of the pH. The increased linear density may be due to the weight gained by the yarn because of glycine treatment as well as shrinkage. The results of the tensile properties of cotton yarn treated with glycine showed that glycine treatment protected the samples from the significant drop in yarn tensile strength at acidic pH. The breaking strain was increased significantly in pH 11 glycine treated yarn by 70%. The glycine treatment at acidic condition has also changed the strain value, at pH 4, where the strain value increased by 38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the shortcomings of brittle and hard corn starch slurry. the corn starch was oxidized and etherified with bromododecane under alkaline conditions to prepare do- decylated starch slurry with excellent toughness. Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the prepared dodecylated starch slurry, and the performance indexes of slurry and slurry film were tested. The sizing properties of 14. 6 tex cotton yarn were sipped with a slurry formulation contai- ning dodecylated starch and phosphate starch. respectively. The results show that the alkyl chain was successfully introduced into the starch structure to obtain a dodecylated starch slurry. The dodecylated starch slurry forms a film, the film is soft, and the adhesion to cotton fiber is good; By using dodecylated starch sizing. the hairiness reduction rate and yarn reinforcement rate of yarn were better than those of phosphate starch sizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The denim fabric industry has experienced exponential growth and escalating concerns regarding sustainable production and recycling practices. The wide utilization of indigo dye in denim manufacturing presents significant challenges owing to its intricate chemical structure and inherent resistance to degradation. Improper disposal of waste denim fabric and the release of indigo dye impose severe ecological ramifications. In this study, we explore the productive application of electrochemistry to recycle indigo dye from waste denim fabric while repurposing the electrolyte for denim dyeing. Notably, the separation of indigo from waste denim textiles reaches 82.34%. It is calculated that 21.59 g of indigo can be recovered from 1 kg of denim waste. Recovered indigo can be reused for cotton yarn dyeing. In the experiment, indigo was recovered from 0.03 square meters of denim waste, and the K / S value of the yarn was up to 2.997 after five dyeing cycles. The loss of fabric strength after recycling is as low as 13.32%, which has little effect on secondary fabric recycling. Our recycling method reduces the waste of 978.41 g of waste fabric and 21.59 g of indigo per kilo compared to conventional treatment. This research provides compelling scientific evidence supporting adopting a closed-loop system within denim production, underlining the potential for environmentally conscious and economically viable practices in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fabric touch tester is a novel instrument with fabric handling properties. Its principal advantage is that the device has integrated modules for compression, surface friction, and thermal and bending properties. This module integration simplifies the testing process, and provides an efficient measurement method, and a comprehensive physical index. This study focused on woven fabrics for dress shirts. The fabric samples comprised three groups with various yarn compositions – that is, cotton, polyester, and wool. Sample group 1 was composed of cotton, polyester, and blended yarns; sample group 2 mainly compared the effect of twist yarns on the fabric touch; and sample group 3 was composed of wool and blended yarns with polyester. The handling properties were assessed by compression work and the compression recovery rate for the compression attributes. The results revealed that fabric (T100p1) with high twist-level yarns had a higher value of compression work (242.56 gf*mm2), and the texture type may affect the compression characteristics more significantly than the blending ratio. The fabric touch tester can also distinguish small changes in the compression properties of samples (0.43–0.71), the maximum heat flux and surface roughness amplitude for the thermal and surface roughness properties. The results revealed that the maximum heat flux value of all the samples in this study was 1109 Wm−2, the sample C100 using pure cotton yarn had the highest maximum heat flux value (1270 Wm−2). Moreover, the sample W100 with 100% wool fiber yarn had the highest surface roughness amplitude in the warp direction (81 μm) and surface roughness amplitude in the weft direction (67 μm). Finally, the bending average rigidity was used to assess the bending performance of the fabric samples. These fabric touch tester indicators were applied to analyze the fabric handling characteristics of woven shirting fabrics, and perform cross-analysis among samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture (i.e., sweat) management is essential for maintaining human physiological comfort. But conventional fabrics and moisture‐absorbent and quick‐drying fabrics cannot simultaneously possess directional water transport (DWT) functionality and environmental protection characteristics, while also causing a sticky sensation on the skin when worn. Herein, the polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun membranes were deposited on the PLA side of a double‐yarn weft‐knitted fabric (hydrophobic PLA filament and hydrophilic cotton yarn) with asymmetric wettability, and green composite fabrics with papillary structures and unidirectional moisture transport capability were obtained using hot‐press. The properties of these composite fabrics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, moisture management testing, dynamic scanning calorimetry, water contact angle (WCA), and water permeability. The results showed that the wettability gradient difference between the two sides of the fabric increased, enhancing the unidirectional moisture transport capability. The optimal performance composite fabric achieved an accumulative one‐way transport capacity of 1285% and an overall moisture management capacity of 0.693. Additionally, the WCA on the hydrophobic side measured 150°, remaining at 146.8° after two washes. Overall, this composite fabric strikes a balance between biodegradability and exceptional DWT performance, rendering it an environmentally friendly and recyclable choice for moisture‐wicking and quick‐drying apparel applications. Highlights: Created PLA/cotton‐knitted fabric with asymmetric wettability.Hydrophobic PLA membrane deposited on fabric surface using electrospinning.Green composite fabrics with excellent DWT functionality were made by hot‐press.Best composite fabric: R‐value 1285.6%, OMMC 0.696, WCA 150°.Best composite fabric retains WCA of 146.8° after two washes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sizing property of carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber composite polyacrylate lotion copolymerization size were discussed. A series of nanocomposite polyacrylate emulsion copolymer size CNA was prepared by modifying polyacrylate emulsion copolymer slurry (NA) with carboxymethylcellulose nanofibers (CCNF). The rheological property and sizing performance of the solution were discussed. Study results showed that, within the range amount of CCNF accounted for less than 3% of the solid content of NA size, the solution of NA size and CNA slurry were pseudoplastic fluids. With the increase of CCNF content, the latex particle diameter of CNA slurry showed a decreasing trend, while the apparent viscosity of the solution was increased. Using CNA slurry solution for 9.8 tex and 7.4 tex cotton yarn, under the condition that the sizing percentage was significantly reduced, the sizing performance of CNA slurry solution was still better than the actual sizing production formula of the factory, when the CCNF dosage accounts was 1.5% of the solid content of NA slurry, the comprehensive sizing performance of the prepared CNA slurry was the best. It is considered that CNA slurry has the characteristics of simple pulping, low sizing percentage, excellent sizing performance and easy treatment of desizing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to help users in the textile industry to fully understand USTER Statistics, the USTER Statistics 2023 was interpretated. The concept, history, source of samples of USTER Statistics were introduced. Its scope, percentile curve, application of interactive table and form of publication were explained. The new changes in USTER Statistics 2023 which included the expansion of fiber quality and the quality data of recycled yarn were interpreted. Finally, from the fiber indexes change and fiber indexes change during processing and the change of yarn indexes, the change trend of cotton fiber and yarn quality in the world were analyzed. It is considered that the correct use of the USTER Statistics can help different users of textile enterprises accurately defining yarn quality specifications with a common quality language, promote production process improvement and the realization of key quality performance. And the technology development and spinning parts improvement of textile machinery producers can be proceed based on the latest quality requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is an increasing focus on sustainable textile manufacturing in terms of reducing the waste generated during the production and pre-consumer stages. Knitting companies are exploring the promising direction of unraveling and upcycling yarn to achieve this goal. To assess the knittability of unraveled yarn vis-a-vis conventional yarn, a comprehensive indicator of yarn-breaking force changes was proposed. The purpose of this study is to present a method to evaluate the strength property of unraveled yarn and to investigate the potential of 74-tex cotton and 72-tex wool yarn for future upcycling in knitting. The results of the investigation revealed that cotton yarn has a higher potential for upcycling both at pre- and post-consumer stages, compared to wool yarn. The knittability of unraveled cotton yarn is almost 99% after knitting and dry relaxation and over 95% after repeated washing and drying cycles. However, it is pertinent to note that repeated ironing impacts the cotton yarn’s knittability, and hence, it is recommended to label future upcycling products with a special marking prohibiting ironing. The possibility of unraveling and reusing wool yarn is limited to the post-production and pre-consumer stages when its knittability is near 95%.

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Stretch-denim is a unique, trendy, and sturdy fabric produced with coarser cotton yarns requiring high consumption of cotton fiber. With the increasing expenses of cotton and the adverse ecological effects linked to its cultivation, it became necessary to investigate an alternative fiber. In this context, a novel elastic jute yarn was created by incorporating elastane in the core, marking the first instance of such innovation, aimed at producing articles with a pleasant stretch for enhanced comfort. To accurately predict the elastane draw ratio, an I-optimal design, which is a part of the response surface methodology, was employed using design expert software. The study involved nine experimental runs to produce 276 tex elastic jute core-spun yarns at different elastane draw ratios ranging from 1.4 to 4.6. Surface response models were developed and found statistically significant for mass variation, imperfection, hairiness, tenacity, and elongation of yarn, with p-values below 0.05. Using the optimized formulation obtained from the response models, the optimum elastane draw ratio was determined to be 3.42, which was then used to produce optimized core-spun yarn. The quality parameters of produced yarn closely matched the predicted values, suggesting the effectiveness of the response model in navigating and predicting the characteristics of jute core-spun yarn. The newly developed elastic jute yarn is expected to widen the applications of jute yarns where elasticity is necessary, especially in producing stretch denim products by replacing the cotton counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PVD Sputtering is a very popular, and versatile coating method to create multi-functionalities on various kinds of substrates including textile surfaces. The paper presents the obtaining of the two conductive textile structures via the hybrid PVD by DC sputtering method with copper target and analysis of them from the structural and electrical properties point of view. The two textile substrates are woven, made of 100% cotton yarns, with a specific mass of 207 g/m2 that was preliminary prepared by chemical finishing (padding) with two different substances: ITOBINDER-Acrilat (TA1) si PERMUTEX-EX-RU-Urethan (TA2). After the sputtering process a Cu thin layer with a specific mass of about 5 mg/cm2were obtained. The SEM analyses revealed a fibrous structure, on the surface of which a thin coating has been deposited. It is found that the coating has a columnar appearance and is uniform and continuous on the surface of the sample. The electric measurements were made with BX PRECISION 889B Bench LRC/ESR METER. on 1 inch and 10 cm show that the electrical conductivity values are up to 83% higher for the textile samples preliminary finished with TA1 than those with TA2 and decrease with increasing distance between electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to weave the warp indigo-dyed cotton yarn with un-dyed or dyed silk yarn and analyze the impact of different weft yarn structures on the properties of denim fabrics. The dyed silk yarn was performed by a selection of different anionic indigo and non-indigo blue dyestuffs. The dyeing shades of the anionic Indigo Carmine dye on silk exhibited high build-up at the acidic pH range 2–2.5 with poor washing fastness and even so, the cationic aftertreatment of the dyed silk samples showed un-matched color with indigo-dyed cotton yarns. The dyeing properties of two commercial non-indigo reactive and acid dyes on silk add other advantages. To ascertain the dyeing shades evaluation of the non-indigo dyes on silk, two sets of blended denim fabrics were investigated. The first set included a weft-wise silk yarn dyed with reactive dye RB 5, and the second set included silk yarns dyed with acid dye AB 193. Weaving of the blended fabrics was carried out in Twill 3/1, 3/2 Z,and Satin 53 patterns and exhibited significant color effects of the dyed silk yarns to those of the un-dyed control samples. The dyeing shades of the non-indigo RB 5 and AB 193 dyed weft-wise silk yarns were found to be matched in color performance with the conventionally indigo- dyed cotton yarns. Ultraviolet resistance of the blend denim fabrics was evaluated, showing significant improvement in UPF of the weft-wise dyed silk. The study claimed that the dyed silk yarns a good candidate for newly developed blend denim fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry in Pakistan eovers the biggest part of its present industrial seetor. The applieation of organie eotton opens new lines for human health eeo friendly textile produets free from all kinds of ehemieal residues. Chemieal free textile produets are highly demanding on eonsumer's end at national and international market with high value. The present study endeavours to explore the quality parameters of organie eotton yarns made by eonventional ring spinning and siro spinning teehniques in respeet of their tensile properties. The general objeetive of the researeh was to eomparative evaluation of impaet of siro and ring spinning teehniques on the quality of the organie eotton yarn espeeially on its tensile properties. The eore objeetive was to find the optimal settings and speeds of both spinning systems in order to have yarn of optimum tensile properties. For this study three different spindle speeds (8000, 10000 and 12000 rpm), three twist levels (3.75, 4.00 and 4.25) and three variant ring diameters (35, 38 and 40 mm) were seleeted. For analyzing the data statistieally, three faetor faetorial design was applied. It was observed that the organie yarns made at siro spinning system, for slow spindle speed (8000 rpm), at high twist level (4.25) and with small ring dia (35 mm) whieh had better tensile properties as eompared to that of yarn made at eonventional ring spinning system for these settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to reuse fibrous textile waste and, at the same time, to address dye pollution in textile wastewater, waste cotton-based yarn was utilized as a cheap and sustainable adsorbent, as well as a row material for carbon adsorbent production. Unmodified yarn and cotton-based carbon adsorbents were used as adsorbents for dye removal from water. Cotton and cotton/polyester yarn samples underwent thermal modification through carbonization followed by chemical activation with KOH. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and surface charge determination, were employed to analyze the morphological and surface characteristics of the cotton-based adsorbents. Adsorption properties were evaluated by testing the removal of selected cationic and anionic dyes from water. The impact of temperature, initial pH and concentration of the dye solution, and contact time on adsorption were investigated, and experimentally obtained data were analyzed using theoretical models. While carbonization alone did not significantly enhance adsorption properties, activated samples exhibited high efficacy in removing both cationic and anionic dyes from water. Despite the negative influence of the polyester component in the carbon precursor on the efficiency of activated samples in removing methyl orange, the results indicated that activated cotton and cotton/polyester yarn could be used to prepare highly efficient adsorbents for the rapid removal of methylene blue from real wastewater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new highly effective sizing reagent based on grafted collagen copolymers has been proposed for cotton yarn. The copolymers were synthesized by reacting an aqueous solution of collagen with acrylic monomers—acrylic, matacrylic acids, and their amides in the presence of potassium persulfate. Based on Scanning electron microscopy ‐ Energy dispersive (SEM‐EDS) analysis data, the composition of the copolymers was determined. Unsaturated acids are more actively grafted onto collagen than their amides. When a polymer film is formed from a solution of a collagen copolymer with (meth)acrylic acid, microcracks appear on the surface of the sample; microcracks are absent in films of copolymers with (meth)acrylamide. Films of copolymers, especially methacrylamide, are quite flexible and contribute to a significant improvement in the properties of the yarn. The tensile strength of yarn sized with copolymers increases by 20%–65% compared to unsized yarn, and by 13%–38% compared to yarn sized with a starch solution. At the same time, the relative tensile elongation of the experimental yarn improves by 14%–58%, while this property of starch‐size yarn deteriorates by 14%–22% compared to unsized yarn. The complete removal of graft copolymers from the surface of the yarn in the process of biochemical desizing using the enzyme protease is shown. Highlights: Graft copolymerization of (meth)acrylamide with collagen was carried out.Grafting is initiated by the interaction of collagen with potassium persulfate.The synthesized copolymers are effective sizing reagents for cotton yarn.The copolymer with poly(meth)acrylamide forms a flexible and stable film.The protease enzyme completely removes the size from the surface of the yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and development key points of integrated weaving forming covering blanket fabrics with flocculus were summarized. Design concept, pattern design and fabric weave were introduced. According to the characteristics of untwisted yarn, the process optimization and related technology measures in spinning, weaving and dyeing & finishing were summarized, finally the successful development of integrated weaving forming covering blanket fabrics with flocculus was realized. It is considered that the technology can develop different types of home textile blankets to meet the market's demand for personalized and differentiated products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to discuss the effect of different combing processing routes on polyester cotton blended fabric style, polyester and cotton were separately combed then blended to spin polyester cotton blended combed yarn according to blending ratio of 65/35. Additionally, polyester were carded, cotton were combed and blended to spin semi-combed polyester cotton blended yarn. Both the polyester cotton blended combed yarn and polyester cotton blended semi-combed yarn were processed into polyester cotton blended combed fabric and polyester cotton blended semi-combed fabric using the same weaving and dyeing processes. The two types of fabric were tested for various style parameters, including tensile, shear, bending, compression and surface characteristics using KES fabric style analyzer. The results showed that compared with polyester cotton blended semi-combed fabric, the polyester cotton combed blended fabric exhibited improvements in various style aspects. The bending rigidity was reduced 20%, bending hysteresis distance was reduced 17%, compression work ratio was reduced 22% and fluctuation of friction coefficient was reduced 18%. It is considered that the polyester cotton blended combed fabric has better qualities in terms of softness, smoothness and resilience compared to the polyester cotton blended semi-combed fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]