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Abundant consumer data has made decision-making more complicated, rather than simple, for marketers. This raises an important question about which variables in the data contain reliable information for retailers to predict future consumer purchase value (CPV) to guide strategic decisions. The authors address this question by exploring the variables "distinctive choice of brand country of origin" (DBCOO) and "country of origin diversity" (COO diversity) as analytical tools to extract insights from consumer purchase data. Building on signaling theory, the authors theorize and empirically test that DBCOO and COO diversity in a consumer's purchase history can signal, and therefore help predict, CPV. Moreover, the authors explore high-involvement product categories and purchase frequency as boundary conditions to develop a comprehensive framework of COO signals as strategic analytical tools. They find that DBCOO in a consumer's purchase history indeed increases CPV and that this relationship is enhanced for high-involvement product categories but moderated curvilinearly by purchase frequency. Moreover, they find that the COO diversity–CPV link is positive but interacts negatively with both moderators. This allows retailers to successfully distinguish high- from low-CPV consumers and thus enables them to manage the marketing mix and resources more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) include, among other chapters, ones concerning sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBT). Drawing on recent literature highlighting the relationship between "deep" RTAs and the global organisation of production, this paper empirically investigates whether these SPS and TBT provisions affect multinational production in the food, beverages and tobacco industry. To this end, we combine two different databases to estimate, in a panel gravity framework, both the intensive and extensive margins of multinational production. Because the extensive margin of multinational production may be persistent, a dynamic probit specification is used. Our results show that legally enforceable SPS sections in RTAs, in particular, influence multinational production, though with a rather differentiated pattern in terms of intensive and extensive margins; further, the impact changes depending on the country of origin and destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines whether the relationship between the members of the United Nations' Treaty Bodies' (TB) home countries and the countries reviewed by these bodies is significant to the amount and style of criticism the reviewed country receives. This article explains why the source–target relationship is significant to shaming. It defines two shaming styles – Socializing shaming and Disciplining shaming and defines elements that enable the identification of shaming styles. Utilizing data on CAT shaming from 2001 to 2022 and on TB members' country of origin it shows through regression analysis that the existence of a trade partnership between TB members' home countries and reviewed countries results in more criticism. This article qualitatively identifies elements of Socializing versus Disciplining shaming in the communications with countries that are trade partners of the TB members' home countries. It finds that Socializing shaming elements are more prevalent. This article draws theoretical, empirical and policy conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research has examined country-of-origin (CoO) from a marketing perspective, examining the effects of consumers' evaluations of a country's image on attitudes toward products from the country. To advance research on CoO, there are calls to approach CoO from the perspectives of other disciplines. From the perspective of public relations, this study conceptualizes country-of-origin relationship (CoOR) and examines it as individuals' evaluations of a country's pursuit of a mutually beneficial relationship with their home countries. Using South Korea as an example, survey data collected from a representative sample of 514 Australian citizens found a positive association between CoOR and evaluations of the relational efforts made by multinational companies from South Korea. In response to a hypothetical event involving a South Korean company in a crisis in Australia, those who evaluated South Korean companies positively were less likely to subscribe to conspiracy theories related to the company involved, attribute responsibility to it or engage in negative megaphoning. The findings of this study suggest that CoOR, which consists of interactional bilateralism, power mutuality, relational trust, relational satisfaction and relational commitment, is critical in reducing the "foreignness" of a multinational company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Brand crisis has become an increasingly common phenomenon recently. While corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in mitigating the negative consequences of brand crisis, it is not always effective, especially for foreign companies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differential effects of CSR on brand crisis, considering the impact of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a 2 (country of origins: domestic vs foreign) × 2 (consumer ethnocentrism: high vs low) × 2 (CSR: before vs after related information is presented) between-subjects experiment to simulate a brand crisis. A fictional WeChat Moment posting was used as a stimulus. Data from 210 Chinese respondents were analyzed. Findings: When consumer ethnocentrism is high, the impact of CSR on consumer attitude toward the company undergoing a crisis was greater for domestic than for foreign companies. Conversely, for consumers with low ethnocentrism, the effectiveness of CSR in attenuating the negative impact of the brand crisis (i.e. the insurance-like effect of CSR) was insignificant across domestic and foreign companies. Originality/value: This study extends the prior literature and clarifies the unclear results of previous studies on the effect of CSR on brand crisis by examining the impact of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism. Novel insights into the insurance-like effect of CSR in brand crises were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized economy, companies face a range of challenges and opportunities related to relocating production activities to a new country. Relocation can yield significant cost savings and other benefits, but there are also risks including potential damage to the brand image. Thus, firms need to carefully evaluate when to relocate and when to stop production in a particular location. We formulate an optimal control model and derive analytical as well as numerical results to provide insights into the optimal relocation timing and production stoppage decisions. We show that factors like higher relocation costs, higher production costs in the relocation country but high brand image in the country of origin, can postpone production relocation. Competitive effects alter relocation timing, particularly when the firm faces direct competition and asymmetric negative cross-image spillover effects with the rival brand in the home or relocation country. The paper discusses illustrative examples and derives implications for the timing of relocation and the duration of production in the relocation country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite firms' long reliance on geographic place origin branding, such as country‐of‐origin (COO), region‐of‐origin (ROO), and terroir, to sell their products in international markets, little theoretical and empirical work has been carried out to investigate which level of geographic specificity stimulates greater premium price when entering new markets. An experiment was conducted in India and Saudi Arabia manipulating place origin as a 3 factorial design (COO vs. ROO vs. terroir) using Australia as the country context, and honey as the product context. Results suggest that COO, ROO, and terroir prompt different place construal, which interacts with psychic distance to people (individual consumer difference), resulting in varying premium price. The study explains under which conditions which of the three place origins benefit companies and which ones backfire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper examines the intricate relationship between consumer identity, COO (Country of Origin) perceptions, and purchasing intentions. Utilizing a quantitative approach, it collected survey data from a survey of 521 participants in China, offering a comprehensive view of consumer attitudes and behaviors, by adopting Structural Equation Models. A key finding is the mediating role of ambivalence toward COO in the relationship between consumer self-identity and purchasing willingness. This ambivalence, influenced by factors like nationalism, product quality perceptions, and ethical concerns, divided into animosity and admiration on COO, is shown to influence purchasing propensity. The study underscores the fluid nature of consumer identity, shaped by personal, cultural, and global influences, particularly under globalization where exposure to products from diverse COOs leads to varied responses. Recognizing and strategically responding to this ambivalence can enhance consumer engagement and willingness to buy. This research contributes to global consumer behavior studies by emphasizing the complex interplay between consumer identity, COO perceptions, and purchasing decisions, offering insights for developing effective international marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed on the one hand to clarify the quality, authenticity, safety, and other issues related to products of the anabolic-androgenic steroid methandienone advertised on the Internet and personally imported to Japan and on the other hand to evaluate the use of two portable Raman spectrometers in identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The study found that all n = 15 samples purchased from 14 websites were problematic regarding their package, labeling, and/or content. Specifically, one sample (6.7%) was confirmed falsified, twelve samples (80%) were found either to be falsified or unlicensed as pharmaceutical product, and two samples (13.3%) were received without information on the manufacturers' physical address or country of origin, with one sample (6.7%) having no labeling or other accompanying information at all. Both Raman spectrometers were able to identify the API in all samples as confirmed and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Twelve samples contained on average less than 90% of the declared API content. By contacting national regulatory authorities in 44 countries, methandienone products were found to be approved in 1 country and not approved in 21 countries. To prevent health hazards and abuse, measures against the acquisition of anabolic-androgenic steroids from unknown sources are required. Portable Raman spectrometers may be suitable for the non-destructive and quick identification of methandienone in tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdfunding emerged as a flexible method of financing various projects during the financial crisis but has since developed into a fully fledged financing instrument that requires special attention from the academia and legislators. The purpose of this study is to perform a quantitative analysis of the up-to-date crowdfunding research employing bibliometric analysis. We have used data from the Scopus database and have extracted a number of 1951 research papers. Using VOSviewer software, we have looked into the yearly research production, the categories in which the studies fall, citation records, highly cited authors and papers, most prolific authors and country of origin in crowdfunding. We grouped keywords into clusters and identified emerging trends. We then revealed the thematic progression of the occurring keywords into four time ranges. We find that crowdfunding research has been growing steadily from 2006 to date, with a particular focus on business and finance. The most productive countries are highly developed economies, but other countries have started exploring crowdfunding, too. The most cited references are published between 2013 and 2016, which is when the bases of this stream of research have been established. We finally discuss the theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2000 to 2022, all and serious notifications of the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) on herbs and spices were examined to identify the most notified products, their associated hazards and origin countries, as well as the consequent notification classification and actions taken. The data reveals that 3741 notifications were transmitted for herbs and spices during the last 23 years, accounting for 5.3% of the RASFF total notifications of all product categories (70630). Border rejection and serious risk decisions represented 37.9% and 39.5% of the total herbs and spices notifications, respectively. In the last 5 years, serious notifications ranged from 76.6% to 87.2% of all herbs and spices notifications. India was the most notified origin country (23.6%), followed by Brazil (8.7%), Thailand (7.2%), Turkey (5.8%), and China (4.6%). The top 10 notified herbs and spices were chili, black pepper, curry, paprika, nutmeg, spice mix, basil, mint, ginger, and cumin, while the top 10 hazards were Salmonella, aflatoxin, Sudan 1, Sudan 4, ethylene oxide (EtO), ochratoxin A, chlorpyrifos, Escherichia coli, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and color E 160b. Approximately 96.3% of black pepper, 71% of chili, and almost all nutmeg serious notifications were related to Salmonella, aflatoxins, and mycotoxins, respectively. Strict measures to minimize the risk associated with such contaminants in herbs and spices must be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese beef imports have been increasing in recent years. At the same time, Chinese public sentiment toward foreign countries, including those who export beef to China, has been changing. Therefore, this research uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate the role of ethnocentrism, country image, and product image on consumer willingness to pay for country‐of‐origin labeled beef. Results indicate, on average, Chinese consumers prefer domestic beef most, and value beef from Australia and the US somewhat similarly. Their willingness to pay varies based on their perceived image of the country that the beef originates from and based on their perception of the safety of the beef, that is, product image. The more ethnocentric consumers are, the more they prefer domestic beef and discount foreign beef. Importantly, the effects of ethnocentrism, country image, and product image are stronger on the willingness to pay for domestic beef than for imported beef. More generally, findings indicate that controlling for ethnocentrism, country image, and product image contributes to understanding consumer willingness to pay for products originating from foreign countries. Overall, findings suggest that stronger ethnocentric tendencies lead to lower willingness to pay for imported beef (with some exceptions), and positive country image and product image increase the willingness to pay for imported beef. Thus, it is important to consider these constructs when estimating consumer willingness to pay for imported products, especially for countries where public sentiment toward exporting countries may be prone to change in a dynamic global environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this research is to check how the external factors, for example the pandemic or high inflation rate, influence the behavior of food consumers. Design/methodology/approach: The main method was the survey questionnaire conducted among 2000 consumers in Poland on a representative sample. Findings: The external factor such as the pandemic influenced the change of consumer behavior when it comes to the food choice. Usually consumers considered less characteristics of food, but the main food choice criteria remained almost the same, such as: best before date, price, ingredients and the country of origin. Research limitations/implications: The results are limited to the Polish market, however can be continued and expanded for other external factors and other markets. Practical implications: The results of this study show how the participants of the food market should be prepared for various crisis. Originality/value: This paper shows how the external conditions of various sources can influence and change the food market and consumers behavior. It is addressed to researchers and professionals operating in food market, food choice, consumers behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macro-algae is an umbrella term for seaweed, which is an important ingredient in many novel food products in New Zealand and other Australasian countries. While attitudes, consumption motivation, knowledge, and socio-demographic consumer profiles have been investigated in specific countries in the region, consumer behavior such as willingness to eat and factors driving this behavior have not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study fills this research gap in a New Zealand context and explores predictors of New Zealand consumers' willingness to eat macro-algae and their perceived trust towards the countries of origin of these products. The symbolic value of food, health importance, food safety concerns, and food fussiness were the factors under investigation. The work builds on an online questionnaire and a sample of 437 consumers mirroring the New Zealand population in terms of gender, age, and annual household income. Data were collected through an opt-in panel provider in November 2023. The data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and partial least square structural equation modeling. Results show that health importance and food fussiness tendencies are the strongest predictors of willingness to eat and trustworthiness of the two countries of origin. Best practice recommendations for marketing managers in New Zealand food retail are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of two significant product labelling strategies (geographical indication [GI] vs country-of-origin [COO]) on shaping customer product attitude and purchase likelihood, considering consumers' ethnocentric and cosmopolitan tendencies. The authors also investigate the boundary conditions and intervening mechanisms to manage the adverse consumer product evaluations and present mitigating procedures which reinstate favourable product evaluations and purchase likelihood. Design/methodology/approach: The collected data from these all these studies were analysed using ANOVA and mediation anlaysis. The study tests the proposed hypotheses using three follow-up experimental investigations. Findings: The study found that GI (vs COO) labels have a more significant impact on customers' product evaluation and likelihood of purchase and supported the dispositional effect of ethnocentric and cosmopolitan inclinations. Further, the results indicated that self-product congruence can efficiently regulate consumer dispositions. Also, the results confirmed the significant impact of product identification on influencing consumer attitudes. Practical implications: The above-said insights add practical insights, particularly concerning product labelling. Also, the insights on product attitudes and purchase likelihood intricacies in the context of product labelling enable companies to comprehend better the significance of GI labels, COO labels and self-product congruence. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a study has compared the role of two significant product labelling strategies (GI vs COO) in shaping customer product evaluations, confirmed its boundary conditions and shown how to transform them into helpful customer product outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been present globally for more than three years, and cross-border transmission has played an important role in its spread. Currently, most predictions of COVID-19 spread are limited to a country (or a region), and models for cross-border transmission risk assessment remain lacking. Information on imported COVID-19 cases reported from March 2020 to June 2022 was collected from the National Health Commission of China, and COVID-19 epidemic data of the countries of origin of the imported cases were collected on data websites such as WHO and Our World in Data. It is proposed to establish a prediction model suitable for the prevention and control of overseas importation of COVID-19. Firstly, the SIR model was used to fit the epidemic infection status of the countries where the cases were exported, and most of the r2 values of the fitted curves obtained were above 0.75, which indicated that the SIR model could well fit different countries and the infection status of the region. After fitting the epidemic infection status data of overseas exporting countries, on this basis, a SIR-multiple linear regression overseas import risk prediction combination model was established, which can predict the risk of overseas case importation, and the established overseas import risk model overall P <0.05, the adjusted R2 = 0.7, indicating that the SIR-multivariate linear regression overseas import risk prediction combination model can obtain better prediction results. Our model effectively estimates the risk of imported cases of COVID-19 from abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to propose a typology of Czech consumers with respect to their attitudes toward the country of origin when purchasing beverages. Attention is paid to four commonly purchased beverage categories: beer, wine, tea and coffee. Using the Computer Assisted Web Interviewing method, the total number of fully completed questionnaires obtained was 396. The selection of respondents was determined by gender and age quotas. The measurement of attitudes involved utilizing a set of 22 statements concerning the beverage origin which were evaluated on a five-point scale. As confirmed by the research results, in each beverage category, the country of origin influences consumers' purchasing decisions differently. When purchasing wine, Czech consumers most commonly verify the country from which it originates. The origin is also important to them when it comes to beer, with the strongest preference for beer produced in their own country. The country from which the beverage originates has a considerably lower importance for coffee and is the least important when buying tea. Based on respondents' attitudes toward the country of beverage origin, four consumer segments were identified, namely "Experimenters," "Picky consumers," "Patriots," and "Pro-European consumers." Factor and cluster analysis were used for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on investigating two concepts, namely the country of origin effect and consumer ethnocentrism. The main goal of the article is 1) to investigate the current state of the level of consumer ethnocentrism in the cohort of young Slovaks; 2) to investigate the current state of the perceived preference of Slovaks or of foreign products in the youth cohort; and 3) to investigate the relationship between elements of country of origin effects on food products and the level of consumer ethnocentrism. As part of the methodological procedure, we demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the tool. In the paper, we use several elements of descriptive statistics, based on which we evaluate a primary survey. The results indicate a below-average level of consumer ethnocentrism. We identify preferences in the context of the country of origin. It is also possible to establish a link between the country of origin effect and consumer ethnocentrism, albeit at a lower level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on cue utilization theory and the theory of motivated reasoning, we investigate the impact of consumer xenocentrism on product preferences in a situation where domestic products objectively outperform their foreign counterparts. Design/methodology/approach: We develop and test a model linking xenocentrism to consumers' preference towards domestic vs. foreign products by (1) examining the mediating role of consumers' ability to identify the superior product and (2) assessing the role of product involvement in potentially moderating this relationship. An experimental design was employed, whereby respondents (Thai consumers, N = 579) were asked to compare two products in the same product category, one foreign and one domestic. In one condition, the foreign product outperformed the domestic one on a range of relevant product attributes, whereas in a second condition, the opposite was the case. Findings: Our findings provide clear evidence that xenocentric consumers often cannot recognize the superiority of domestic products and, even if they do, they still exhibit preferences toward (inferior) foreign products. Thus, for xenocentric consumers, it seems that the country of origin (COO) overrides other cues and often results in suboptimal product choices. Originality/value: Our study adds to our theoretical understanding of the functioning of the consumer xenocentrism construct and has important implications for foreign companies targeting xenocentric consumers as well as for local firms seeking to counteract xenocentric tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The packaging of food products is turning out to be an essential vehicle of communication. The paper examines food packaging and its elements, and how they impact the buying behavior of consumers. Exploratory research was conducted on the displayed extrinsic cues on packaging of food items. Structural equation modeling was used to measure the interrelationship between external cues and buying behavior. The study found that extrinsic cues such as brand name, price displayed, date of manufacturing, country of origin, design of wrapper, color of the package, and nutrition information significantly influence consumers' purchase decision. It also found that male and female buyers responded in similar manner to all cues on the package, except for 'country of origin'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imafronte. Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios is the property of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios, Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Despite the plethora of research into country-of-origin (COO) effects, research that investigates the cognitive structures behind elite consumers' preferences for foreign brands remains limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference among professional elites in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach: Using the means-end chain (MEC) theory as the theoretical lens and building on the findings of 30 laddering interviews (semi-structured), a survey was conducted among 311 professional elites to uncover the key elements of the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference. Findings: The findings revealed that the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference are influenced by a bundle of brand attributes, brand consequences and personal values of elites', which significantly influence their attitudes towards foreign brands. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the relationship between brand attributes and attitudes significantly differs across Chinese and US COOs where the path coefficient is stronger for elites' preference for Chinese brands. Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind to explore the COO effects on consumer cognitive structures. The findings contribute to MEC theory and shed light on the understanding towards elites' preference for foreign brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the complex relationships that influence consumers' decisions to buy foreign car brands. In order to understand how these three crucial elements together affect customers' choices and preferences, the study focuses on three key variables: brand image, product knowledge, and country of origin (COO). Using a thorough approach that includes surveys and case studies, this study attempts to offer a nuanced understanding of how the origin, consumer product knowledge, and brand image of imported vehicles affect the perceived elegance associated with consumers. The study postulates that customers' decision-making process while choosing an imported car is greatly influenced by the interaction of these elements. This research aims to provide significant insights to the automobile industry as well as academics by examining the relationships and conflicts that exist between COO, product knowledge, and brand image. Marketers, politicians, and industry stakeholders might find the findings useful in fine-tuning tactics to improve the attractiveness and market placement of imported automobile brands. "Imported Elegance" ultimately hopes to illuminate the complex decisions that consumers make in the global car industry, providing useful advice for companies that operate in this fast-paced and cutthroat industry. The method of analysis technique in this study is quantitative research method, sampling conducted with purposive sampling technique from questionnaire result that was shared to 130 respondents who lives in Jakarta, Indonesia and have at least 1 unit of imported car. The results of this study indicates that there are the direct effects of Country of Origin, product knowledge and brand image to purchase decision significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how the history of foreign invasion affects consumers' country-of-origin choices in the context of the Chinese automotive market. We study how the history of foreign invasion affects consumers' country-of-origin choices in the context of the Chinese automotive market. Our research design exploits two natural experiments: (i) the Imperial Japanese Army's Continental Cross-Through Operation in 1944 in China, which created local variations in war losses and casualties, and (ii) the China–Japan conflict over the sovereignty disputes in 2012 that renewed the salience of the history of the Japanese invasion. Using a discrete choice model, we find that, after the 2012 conflict, the history of invasion has a negative effect on the brand preference of Japanese cars and a positive effect on Chinese cars. The effects translate to a 6.8% decline and 5.3% increase in the sales of Japanese and Chinese cars in invaded counties compared with neighboring noninvaded counties despite similar pretrends. Both effects persisted for more than 24 months. The heterogeneous effects show rich managerial implications: the history effects are stronger for higher priced and larger cars as well as more recognizably Japanese or Chinese cars. Creating local independent brands helps foreign brands to take advantage of the history effect. We also explore the mechanism and find supporting evidence for memory transmission as well as the role of local protests as a mediator of the history effect. History: K. Sudhir served as the senior editor. Funding: This work was supported by the University of Toronto (Rotman Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Institution Grant) and the Ministry of Education in Singapore (the Academic Research Fund Tier 1) [Grant R-253-000-147-133]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2023.1440. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to draw on cue utilization and irradiation theories to: determine the extent to which country-of-origin image and its sub-dimensions exert an aggregate and relative influence on consumer brand evaluations; and identify the contextual and methodological factors that account for between-study variance in the focal relationship. Design/methodology/approach: A random-effects model was used to examine 166 empirical articles encompassing 499,563 observations, and 282 effect sizes from 1984 to 2020 using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Findings: Results show that country-of-origin image has a positive, moderate effect on consumer brand evaluations. Moreover, findings reveal that each dimension of country-of-origin image – general country image, general product country image, specific product country image and partitioned country image – significantly influences consumer brand evaluation, but the effect of general product country image is the largest. What's more, the aggregate impacts of country-of-origin image on consumer brand evaluation – brand commitment, brand-specific associations and general brand impressions – show that the effect on brand commitment is the largest. Finally, findings show that contextual factors (brand source, product sector, culture [individualism vs collectivism], brand origin continents and respondents' continent) and methodological factors (cues, sampling unit, publication year and sample size) significantly account for between-study variance. Originality/value: This study provides the first meta-analytic review of the relationship between country-of-origin image and consumer brand evaluation to help clarify mixed findings and balance out the literature, which has only seen quantitative reviews on product evaluation and purchase decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Customer loyalty is of growing interest to many service firms due to the many tangible and intangible benefits it offers them. However, building customer loyalty is challenging for many service firms. This study aims to examine the impact of corporate reputation on customer loyalty. It also assesses the moderating role of the firm's country of origin in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: Survey research design was used to collect data from 367 universal banks' customers. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings: The findings shed light on several crucial aspects of corporate reputation that influence customer loyalty. Specifically, signals of corporate social responsibility, corporate credibility, product attributes and relationship marketing were found to have a substantial impact on customer loyalty. Additionally, the study uncovers a noteworthy insight that the firm's country of origin plays a moderating role in the relationship between corporate reputation and customer loyalty, particularly in the context of the banking sector. Originality/value: This research stands out due to its utilisation of signalling theory, making it one of the pioneering works in the bank brand management literature. It presents a comprehensive corporate reputation framework and its profound implications for customer loyalty. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of considering the strength of the country-of-origin effect in shaping customer loyalty relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect on the demand of pasta following the introduction of the mandatory country of origin labeling for wheat in Italy. This regulation opened a debate between producers, farmers, and consumer organizations on the opportunity posed by this policy. Using an online survey with a choice experiment conducted on 551 Italian pasta consumers, we demonstrated that consumers strongly approve this mandatory policy. This support suggests that place of wheat origin is relevant in driving the pasta choices of consumers and that they are willing to pay a premium price for pasta made with Italian wheat. Moreover, the extra utility that the consumers receive from purchasing pasta made with locally produced wheat is due by their support for the farmers and the agriculture sector [EconLit Citations: D12, Q13, Q18]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]