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We study photo-assisted transport for the edge states of a two dimensional electron gas in the fractional quantum Hall regime, pinched by a single quantum point contact. We provide a general expression of the photo-assisted current using a Keldysh-Floquet approach, when the AC drive is applied either directly to the edge states, or when it modulates the tunneling amplitude at the quantum point contact. Strikingly, for a simple cosine modulation of the tunneling amplitude, the phase shift of the second harmonic of the photoassisted current is directly related to the scaling dimension of the quasiparticle operators describing the fractional excitations. As the scaling dimension is intimately related to the statistics, our proposal of a gate modulation of the backscattered current provides a diagnosis of the statistics of Laughlin quasiparticles using a simple quantum point contact geometry., 18 pages, 4 figures

Anyon collision experiments have recently demonstrated the ability to discriminate between fermionic and anyonic statistics. However, only one type of anyons associated with the simple Laughlin state at filling factor $\nu=1/3$ has been probed so far. It is now important to establish anyon collisions as quantitative probes of fractional statistics for more complex topological orders, with the ability to distinguish between different species of anyons with different statistics. In this work, we use the anyon collider to compare the Laughlin $\nu=1/3$ state, which is used as the reference state, with the more complex Jain state at $\nu=2/5$, where low energy excitations are carried by two co-propagating edge channels. We demonstrate that anyons generated on the outer channel of the $\nu=2/5$ state (with a fractional charge $e^*=e/3$) have a similar behavior compared to $\nu=1/3$, showing the robustness of anyon collision signals for anyons of the same type. In contrast, anyons emitted on the inner channel of $\nu=2/5$ (with a fractional charge $e^*=e/5$) exhibit a reduced degree of bunching compared to the $\nu=1/3$ case, demonstrating the ability of the anyon collider to discriminate not only between anyons and fermions, but also between different species of anyons associated with different topological orders of the bulk. Our experimental results for the inner channel of $\nu=2/5$ also point towards an influence of interchannel interactions in anyon collision experiments when several co-propagating edge channels are present. A quantitative understanding of these effects will be important for extensions of anyon collisions to non-abelian topological orders, where several charged and neutral modes propagate at the edge., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures

We construct quasi one-dimensional topological and non-topological three-band lattices with tunable band gap and winding number of the flat band. Using mean field (MF) and exact density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations, we show explicitly how the band gap affects pairing and superconductivity (SC) in a Hubbard model with attractive interactions. We show excellent agreement between MF and DMRG. When a phase twist is applied on the system, a phase difference appears between pairing order parameters on different sublattices, and this plays a very important role in the SC density. The SC weight, $D_s$, on the gapped topological, $W\neq0$, flat band increases linearly with interaction strength, $U$, for low values, and with a slope that depends on the details of the compact localized state at $U=0$. As $U\to 0$ for the gapped non-topological flat band ($W=0$), $D_s$ decays with a power law faster than quadratic but slower than exponential. This indicates that isolated non-topological flat bands are less beneficial to SC. In the gapless case (flat band touching the band above it), we find at low $U$ (both for $W=0$ and $W\neq 0$) that $D_s\propto U^\varphi$ with $\varphi

International audience; The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is known to host anyons, quasiparticles whose statistics is intermediate between bosonic and fermionic. We show here that Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferences between excitations created by narrow voltage pulses on the edge states of a FQHE system at low temperature show a direct signature of anyonic statistics. The width of the HOM dip is universally fixed by the thermal time scale, independently of the intrinsic width of the excited fractional wave packets. This universal width can be related to the anyonic braiding of the incoming excitations with thermal fluctuations created at the quantum point contact. We show that this effect could be realistically observed with periodic trains of narrow voltage pulses using current experimental techniques.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

Space Systems have been historically characterised by high performance, high reliability and high cost. Every new generation of space systems tends to improve performance, keep as much as possible reliability, speeding the lead time and lower the cost. Aggressive approach is nowadays followed by some of the players of the new space ecosystem where, for instance, reli- ability can be relaxed thanks for the in-orbit redundancy or robustness to failures by having a constellation with a high number of satellites. This push towards the technology and system limit requires to investigate new methods for the manufacturing of RF/Microwave parts. RF devices such as those based on waveguide structures, benefit from an additive manufacturing approach in terms of radio frequency (RF) performance and compactness. However each manufacturing approach comes with specific features and limitations which need to be well understood and, in some cases, even taking advantage of them. This paper provides a short review of some of the RF/Microwave parts already manufactured using this technology. The paper will focus mainly on metal 3D printing parts since this technology is, at the moment, well accepted by the space community. UPNA thanks the support of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) under Project PID2020-112545RB-C53.

Double quantum dots are one of the promising two-state quantum systems for realizing qubits. In the quest of successfully manipulating and reading information in qubit systems, it is of prime interest to control the charge response of the system to a gate voltage, as filled in by the dynamical charge susceptibility. We theoretically study this quantity for a nonequilibrium double quantum dot by using the functional integral approach and derive its general analytical expression. One highlights the existence of two lines of maxima as a function of the dot level energies, each of them being split under the action of a bias voltage. In the low frequency limit, we derive the capacitance and the charge relaxation resistance of the equivalent quantum RC-circuit with a notable difference in the range of variation for $R$ depending on whether the system is connected in series or in parallel. By incorporating an additional triplet state in order to describe the situation of a double quantum dot with spin, we obtain results for the resonator phase response which are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations in spin qubit systems. These results show the wealth of information brought by the knowledge of dynamical charge susceptibility in double quantum dots with potential applications for spin qubits., 6 pages, 6 figures, SM

International audience; We study the pairing and superconducting properties of the attractive Hubbard model in two quasi one-dimensional topological lattices: the Creutz and sawtooth lattices. They share two peculiar properties: each of their band structures exhibits a flat band with a non-trivial winding number. The difference, however, is that only the Creutz lattice is genuinely topological, owing to a chiral (sub-lattice) symmetry, resulting in a quantized winding number and zero energy edge modes for open boundary conditions. We use mean field and exact density matrix renormalization group in our work. Our three main results are: (a) For both lattice systems, the superconducting weight, $D_s$, is linear in the coupling strength, $U$, for low values of $U$; (b) for small $U$, $D_s$ is proportional to the quantum metric for the Creutz system but not for the sawtooth system because its sublattices are not equivalent; (c) conventional BCS mean field is not appropriate for such systems with inequivalent sublattices. We show that, for a wide range of densities and coupling strengths, these systems are very well described by a full multi-band mean field method where the pairing parameters and the local particle densities on the inequivalent sublattices are variational mean field parameters.

The current fluctuations due to a temperature bias, i.e. the delta-$T$ noise, allow one to access properties of strongly interacting systems which cannot be addressed by the usual voltage-induced noise. In this work, we study the full delta-$T$ noise between two different fractional quantum Hall edge states, with filling factors $(\nu_L,\nu_R)$ in the Laughlin sequence, coupled through a quantum point contact and connected to two reservoirs at different temperatures. We are able to solve exactly the problem for all couplings and for any set of temperatures in the specific case of an hybrid junction $(1/3,1)$. Moreover, we derive a universal analytical expression which connects the delta-$T$ noise to the equilibrium one valid for all generic pairs $(\nu_L,\nu_R)$ up to the first order in the temperature mismatch. We expect that the linear term can be accessible in nowadays experimental set-ups. We describe the two opposite coupling regimes focusing on the strong one which correspond to a non-trivial situation. Our analysis on delta-$T$ noise allows us to better understand the transport properties of strongly interacting systems and to move toward more involved investigation concerning the statistics and scaling dimension of their emergent excitations., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

International audience; We investigate photo assisted electronic transport in a normal-metal/BCS-superconductor junction with a microscopic Hamiltonian approach, for several types of periodic voltage drives applied on the normal-metal side. The time-dependent current and the photo-assisted noise are computed to all orders of the tunneling Hamiltonian using a Keldysh-Nambu-Floquet approach. An excess noise analysis allows one to determine to what extent pure electronic excitations with a small number of electrons per period can be generated by the different drives. When the superconducting gap is small compared to the drive frequency, the junction behaves like a normal-metal junction and minimal excess noise is reached for Lorentzian voltage drives carrying an integer charge (levitons). In the opposite regime of a large-gap, the excess noise vanishes for half-quantized levitons, giving rise to the perfect transmission of a Cooper pair on the superconducting side. This microscopic approach also allows us to address the intermediate regime, when the drive frequency is comparable to the gap, allowing us to study the non-trivial interplay between Andreev reflection and quasiparticle-transfer processes. Our analysis also shows the appearance of Tien-Gordon-type relations connecting the current and noise in the AC-driven junction to their DC counterpart, which we investigate in details. Finally, the possibility to build a reliable on-demand source of Cooper pairs with this setup is examined using realistic experimental parameters.

International audience; A compact model is proposed using a stochastic approach to capture the resistive switching behavior of conductive-bridge random access memory (CBRAM) device featuring a solid polymer electrolyte consisting of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO). This model considers the statistical distribution of five electrical parameters used to describe the resistive switching observed in experimental data. A switching probability is defined to control the change of resistive state. This approach gives the model the stochastic behavior of current–voltage characteristics observed in this kind of devices. A good agreement between the simulation and the experimental curves is observed despite the unusual variability cycle-to-cycle for this type of ReRAM.

We compute the fluctuations of the number of bosons with a given momentum for the Tonks-Girardeau gas at zero and finite temperature in a harmonic trap. We show that correlations between opposite momentum states $p$, which is an important fingerprint of long range order in weakly interacting Bose systems are suppressed. Non trivial correlations, including negative correlations are observed for momenta smaller or of the order of the inverse radius of the gas. The full distribution of the number of bosons with momentum $p$ exhibits an interesting crossover from a non trivial distribution at zero momentum to an exponential distribution. The distribution of the quasi-condensate occupation is also studied. Experimental relevance of our findings for recent cold atoms experiments are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

We consider a non-chiral Luttinger liquid in the presence of a backscattering Hamiltonian which has an extended range. Right/left moving fermions at a given location can thus be converted as left/right moving fermions at a different location, within a specific range. We perform a momentum shell renormalization group treatment which gives the evolution of the relative degrees of freedom of this Hamiltonian contribution under the renormalization flow, and we study a few realistic examples of this extended backscattering Hamiltonian. We find that, for repulsive Coulomb interaction in the Luttinger liquid, any such Hamiltonian contribution evolves into a delta-like scalar potential upon renormalization to a zero temperature cutoff. On the opposite, for attractive couplings, the amplitude of this kinetic Hamiltonian is suppressed, rendering the junction fully transparent. As the renormalization procedure may have to be stopped because of experimental constraints such as finite temperature, we predict the actual spatial shape of the kinetic Hamiltonian at different stages of the renormalization procedure, as a function of the position and the Luttinger interaction parameter, and show that it undergoes structural changes. This renormalized kinetic Hamiltonian has thus to be used as an input for the perturbative calculation of the current, for which we provide analytic expressions in imaginary time. We discuss the experimental relevance of this work by looking at one-dimensional systems consisting of carbon nanotubes or semiconductor nanowires., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures

In this paper, we propose a stochastic model for the resistive switching of ReRAM devices with 1T1R configuration. We work with the fact that the switching occurs in the narrowest zone of the conductive filament due to changes caused by the electric field. This active region is represented by a net of vertical connections, each one composed of three electrical elements: two of them are always low resistive (LR) while the third one acts as a breaker and can be low or high resistive (HR). The breaker can change its state according to a switching probability (Ps), which depends on the voltage drop in the breaker and the threshold voltage, Vset or Vreset for the set or reset process, respectively. This approach gives the model the stochastic behavior and generates the variability observed in the current–voltage curves of most of ReRAM devices. Further, we add another resistor in series in the circuit to represent the electrical signal of the transistor. By comparing measured and simulated IV curves of HfO2-based ReRAM devices of two different scales, nm2 and µm2, we validated the model. The flexibility and straightforward implementation of this resistive switching model make it a powerful tool for studying ReRAM memories and other stochastic devices.

Electron correlation in a quantum many-body state appears as peculiar scattering behaviour at its boundary, symbolic of which is Andreev reflection at a metal-superconductor interface. Despite being fundamental in nature, dictated by the charge conservation law, however, the process has had no analogues outside the realm of superconductivity so far. Here, we report the observation of an Andreev-like process originating from a topological quantum many-body effect instead of superconductivity. A narrow junction between fractional and integer quantum Hall states shows a two-terminal conductance exceeding that of the constituent fractional state. This remarkable behaviour, while theoretically predicted more than two decades ago but not detected to date, can be interpreted as Andreev reflection of fractionally charged quasiparticles. The observed fractional quantum Hall Andreev reflection provides a fundamental picture that captures microscopic charge dynamics at the boundaries of topological quantum many-body states., 13 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary information

We consider the non-equilibrium zero frequency noise generated by a temperature gradient applied on a device composed of two normal leads separated by a quantum dot. We recall the derivation of the scattering theory for non-equilibrium noise for a general situation where both a bias voltage and a temperature gradient can coexist and put it in a historical perspective. We provide a microscopic derivation of zero frequency noise through a quantum dot based on a tight binding Hamiltonian, which constitutes a generalization of the pioneering work of Caroli et al. for the current obtained in the context of the Keldysh formalism. For a single level quantum dot, the obtained transmission coefficient entering the scattering formula for the non-equilibrium noise corresponds to a Breit-Wigner resonance. We compute the delta-$T$ noise as a function of the dot level position, and of the dot level width, in the Breit-Wigner case, for two relevant situations which were considered recently in two separate experiments. In the regime where the two reservoir temperatures are comparable, our gradient expansion shows that the delta-$T$ noise is dominated by its quadratic contribution, and is minimal close to resonance. In the opposite regime where one reservoir is much colder, the gradient expansion fails and we find the noise to be typically linear in temperature before saturating. In both situations, we conclude with a short discussion of the case where both a voltage bias and a temperature gradient are present, in order to address the potential competition with thermoelectric effects., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

The fluctuations of the heat current in a quantum dot coupled to electron reservoirs are calculated at finite frequency, voltage and temperature using the nonequilibrium Green function technique. The non-symmetrized heat noise is expressed as an integral on energy containing four contributions, each of which includes transmission amplitudes, electron-hole pair distribution functions and energy difference factors. The effect of the asymmetry of the couplings between the quantum dot and the reservoirs is studied. Features of the heat noise are highlighted and discussed for an equilibrium and an out-of-equilibrium quantum dot. In the latter case and within the high transmission limit, the heat noise is closely related to the radiative power spectrum, leading to an out-of-equilibrium Planck's law. Proposals for the measurement of the heat noise are discussed., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

We investigate the effects of spin-momentum locking on the interference and diffraction patterns due to a double- or single-slit in an electronic \emph{Gedankenexperiment}. We show that the inclusion of the spin-degree-of-freedom, when coupled to the motion direction of the carrier -- a typical situation that occurs in systems with spin-orbit interaction -- leads to a modification of the interference and diffraction patterns that depend on the geometrical parameters of the system., Comment: 10 pages and 8 figures

We study the ground state phase diagram of a nonlinear two-photon Rabi-Hubbard (RH) model in one dimension using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations. Our model includes a nonlinear photon-photon interaction term. Absent this term, the RH model has only one phase, the normal disordered phase, and suffers from spectral collapse at larger values of the photon-qubit interaction or inter-cavity photon hopping. The photon-photon interaction, no matter how small, stabilizes the system which now exhibits {\it two} quantum phase transitions: Normal phase to {\it photon pair} superfluid (PSF) transition and PSF to single particle superfluid (SPSF). The discrete $Z_4$ symmetry of the Hamiltonian spontaneously breaks in two stages: First it breaks partially as the system enters the PSF and then completely breaks when the system finally enters the SPSF phase. We show detailed numerical results supporting this, and map out the ground state phase diagram., Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures

We consider the out-of-equilibrium behavior of a general class of mesoscopic devices composed of several superconducting or/and normal metal leads separated by quantum dots. Starting from a microscopic Hamiltonian description, we provide a non-perturbative approach to quantum electronic transport in the tunneling amplitudes between dots and leads: using the equivalent of a path integral formulation, the lead degrees of freedom are integrated out in order to compute both the current and the current correlations (noise) in this class of systems, in terms of the dressed Green's function matrix of the quantum dots. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this formalism, we apply our results to the "all superconducting Cooper pair beam splitter", a device composed of three superconducting leads connected via two quantum dots, where crossed Andreev reflection operates Cooper pair splitting. Commensurate voltage differences between the three leads allow to obtain expressions for the current and noise as a function of the Keldysh Nambu Floquet dressed Green's function of the dot system. This voltage configuration allows the occurrence of non-local processes involving multiple Cooper pairs which ultimately lead to the presence of non-zero DC currents in an out-of-equilibrium situation. We investigate in details the results for the noise obtained numerically in the specific case of opposite voltages, where the transport properties are dominated by the so called "quartet processes", involving the coherent exchange of two Cooper pairs among all three superconducting terminals. We show that these processes are noiseless in the non-resonant case, and that this property is also observed for other voltage configurations. When the dots are in a resonant regime, the noise characteristics change qualitatively, with the appearance of giant Fano factors., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures

We report experimental and theoretical studies on the magnetoelastic interactions in MnPS$_3$. Raman scattering response measured as a function of temperature shows a blue shift of the Raman active modes at 120.2 and 155.1 cm$^{-1}$, when the temperature is raised across the antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to estimate the effective exchange interactions and calculate the Raman active phonon modes. The calculations lead to the conclusion that the peculiar behavior with temperature of the two low energy phonon modes can be explained by the symmetry of their corresponding normal coordinates which involve the virtual modification of the super-exchange angles associated with the leading antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions., Comment: Main: 9 pages, 7 figures. Supplementary : 5 pages, 4 figures

This work aims at developing an original numerical model to predict residual stresses induced by a grooving operation. This model is inspired by the hybrid approach consisting in modeling the thermomechanical loadings applied on machined surfaces. The paper will start to present the experimental investigations which have enabled to define the shape and intensity of the thermomechanical loadings during a tool plunging operation. The second part of this paper relates to the modeling strategy. Finally experimental residual stress profiles have been made by means of the X-Ray diffraction on 15-5PH samples and compared with numerical results.

We study electrical and thermoelectrical properties for a double quantum dot system. We consider the cases of both single-level and multilevel quantum dots whatever the way they are coupled, either in a series or in a parallel arrangement. The calculations are performed by using the nonequilibrium Green function theory. In the case of a single-level double quantum dot, the problem is exactly solvable whereas for a multilevel double quantum dot, an analytical solution is obtained in the limit of energy-independent hopping integrals. { We present a detailed discussion about} the dependences of electrical conductance, zero-frequency charge susceptibility and Seebeck coefficient on the gate voltages applied to the dots, allowing us to derive the charge stability diagram. The findings are in agreement with the experimental observations notably with the occurrence of successive sign changes of the Seebeck coefficient when varying the gate voltages. We interpret the results in terms of the bonding and antibonding states produced by the level anticrossing effect which occurs in the presence of a finite interdot coupling. We show that at equilibrium the boundary lines between the domains with different dot occupancies in the charge stability diagram, take place when the bonding and antibonding state levels are aligned with the chemical potentials in the leads. Finally the total dot occupancy is found to be considerably reduced in the case in parallel compared with the case in series, { whenever} the level energies in each dot are equal. We interpret this dip as a direct manifestation of the interference effects occurring in the presence of the two electronic transmission paths provided by each dot., 18 pages, 13 figures

International audience; A finite topological superconductor nanowire bears a Majorana fermion at its ends, leading to unique transport properties when connected to normal metal leads. We consider in this review two theoretical proposals based on noise measurements in normal metal–topological superconductor junctions. The first one considers a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup where a topological superconductor is connected to two normal metal leads. The second proposal deals with the finite frequency noise of a single normal metal–topological superconductor junction. Both are computed using a unified framework of non equilibrium Keldysh Green’s functions using a Hamiltonian approach. Calculations are performed non-perturbatively in the tunnel hopping parameter and address both subgap and above gap regimes. Concerning the Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup, we find in the subgap case that when the two normal metal leads are biased with equal voltage, the noise crossed correlations are negative, as in the case of a three terminal normal metal junction. On the other hand when subgap voltages are opposite, the noise crossed correlations are positive. Predictions when the two Majoranas at the end of the topological superconductors hybridize, and when the chemical potential of the topological superconductor drives the system out of the topological phase are discussed. In the second proposal, the finite frequency emission and absorption noises are computed for a single junction. We observe noticeable structures in these quantities, related to simple transport processes involving the Majorana bound state. Both results offer an original tool for the further characterization of the presence of Majorana bound states in condensed matter systems.

We study the current correlations of fractional quantum Hall edges at the output of a quantum point contact (QPC) subjected to a temperature gradient. This out-of-equilibrium situation gives rise to a form of temperature-activated shot noise, dubbed delta-$T$ noise. We show that the tunneling of Laughlin quasiparticles leads to a negative delta-$T$ noise, in stark contrast with electron tunneling. Moreover, varying the transmission of the QPC or applying a voltage bias across the Hall bar may flip the sign of this noise contribution, yielding signatures which can be accessed experimentally., Comment: 6+8 pages, 3 figures

A particle jumps between the nodes of a graph interacting with local spins. We show that the entanglement entropy of the particle with the spin network is related to the length of the minimum cycle basis. The structure of the thermal state is reminiscent to the string-net of spin liquids., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

We study the ground state phase diagrams of two-photon Dicke, the one-dimensional Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH), and Rabi-Hubbard (RH) models using mean field, perturbation, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods. We first compare mean field predictions for the phase diagram of the Dicke model with exact QMC results and find excellent agreement. The phase diagram of the JCH model is then shown to exhibit a single Mott insulator lobe with two excitons per site, a superfluid (SF, superradiant) phase and a large region of instability where the Hamiltonian becomes unbounded. Unlike the one-photon model, there are no higher Mott lobes. Also unlike the one-photon case, the SF phases above and below the Mott are surprisingly different: Below the Mott, the SF is that of photon {\it pairs} as opposed to above the Mott where it is SF of simple photons. The mean field phase diagram of the RH model predicts a transition from a normal to a superradiant phase but none is found with QMC., 14 pages, 14 figures

We investigate the transport properties of a superconducting quantum point contact in the presence of an arbitrary periodic drive. In particular, we calculate the dc current and noise in the tunnel limit, obtaining general expressions in terms of photoassisted probabilities. Interesting features can be observed when the frequency is comparable to the gap. Here, we show that quantized Lorentzian pulses minimize the excess noise, further strengthening the hierarchy among different periodic drives observed in the electron quantum optics domain. In this regime, the excess noise is directly connected to the overlap between electron and hole energy distributions driven out of equilibrium by the applied voltage. In the adiabatic limit, where the frequency of the drive is very small compared to the superconducting gap, we recover the conventional Shapiro-spikes physics in the supercurrent., 9 pages, 5 figures

International audience; Topological superconductor nanowires constitute a strong candidate for the observation of Majorana bound states, which are expected to lie at each of its ends. Here, we suggest that current-current correlations probed at finite frequency offer a promising and original tool for the further characterization of the presence of such states in condensed matter systems, complementary to properties studied thus far. Focusing on a voltage-biased junction between a normal metal and a topological superconductor nanowire, we use the nonequilibrium Keldysh formalism to compute the finite frequency emission and absorption noise. Our results suggest that the presence of a Majorana bound state leads to a characteristic behavior of the noise spectrum at low frequency. While more work is still required to ensure that this constitutes an unambiguous signature, we could already check that different features arise for a nontopological system with a resonant level, exhibiting a zero-energy Andreev bound state.

This paper investigates the friction behaviour around a carbide drill when drilling titanium with an oil mist lubrication. It questions whether friction is constant along the cutting edge and along the margins. The application of specially designed tribometer reveals that tribological conditions on margins are fully different that the ones on rake and flank faces. Friction coefficients are quantified for both tribological conditions (open and closed tribosystem). The influence of contact pressure and of an AlCrN coating are also investigated. It is shown that friction varies a lot between both tribosystems, and that a closed tribosystem (i.e. margins) leads to much higher friction, adhesion and wear rate than an open tribosystem (i.e. flank faces).

We theoretically investigate spin transport at the interface between the ferromagnetic insulator(FI) and a superconductor(SC). Considering a simple FI-SC interface model, we derive formulas for the spin current and spin-current noise induced by microwave irradiation (spin pumping) or the temperature gradient (the spin Seebeck effect). We show how the superconducting coherence factor affects the temperature dependence of the spin current. We also calculate the spin-current noise in thermal equilibrium and in non-equilibrium states induced by the spin pumping, and compare them quantitatively for an yttrium-iron-garnet-NbN interface., 9 pages, 6 figures

This paper investigates the residual stresses induced by a longitudinal turning operation in 15-5PH martensitic stainless steel. An experimental investigation has quantified the sensitivity of residual stresses to cutting speed, feed, tool geometry and tool flank wear. In parallel, a 3D hybrid model, previously developed, has been applied to each case study. This modelling approach consists of replacing tooling and chipping by equivalent thermal and mechanical loadings. These equivalent loadings are moved onto the machined surface to compute the final residual stress state. It has shown that tool geometry and tool flank wear have a dominant effect on residual stresses compared to cutting speed and feed rate. However, cutting speed influences the intensity of the compressive peak, to some extent, whereas feed influences the affected depth. This work has also shown that the 3D hybrid model is able to predict residual stresses, as well as the sensitivity to cutting parameters, with reasonable agreement.

We present a unified description of a junction between $s$-wave (BCS) superconductors and a junction between $p$-wave superconductors in a topologically nontrivial phase, which relies on a scattering state expansion. We compute Josephson current and thermal noise in the two kinds of junction and exhibit some characteristic features for a junction of two topological superconductors hosting Majorana zero-energy modes., 12 pages, 13 figures

We investigate heat current fluctuations induced by a periodic train of Lorentzian-shaped pulses, carrying an integer number of electronic charges, in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer implemented in a quantum Hall bar in the Laughlin sequence. We demonstrate that the noise in this collisional experiment cannot be reproduced in a setup with a single drive, in contrast to what is observed in the charge noise case. Nevertheless, the simultaneous collision of two identical levitons always leads to a total suppression even for the Hong-Ou-Mandel heat noise at all filling factors, despite the presence of emergent anyonic quasi-particle excitations in the fractional regime. Interestingly, the strong correlations characterizing the fractional phase are responsible for a remarkable oscillating pattern in the HOM heat noise, which is completely absent in the integer case. These oscillations can be related to the recently predicted crystallization of levitons in the fractional quantum Hall regime., 18 pages, 4 figures

International audience; We study the interplay between few-electron excitations generated by voltage pulses and interactions in a quantum Hall system at integer filling factor ν = 2. Electronelectron interactions strongly affect the dynamics of the generated pulses, leading to their fractionalization. In particular, on the innermost edge channel two oppositely charged excitations emerge, which we analyze through their Wigner function. Moreover, we show that interactions provide a signature in the noise generated when these excitations are partitioned by a quantum point contact connecting opposite edges. We compare different shapes of the external drive and we discuss the most convenient in order to extract information about the so-called mixing angle, encoding the strength of interactions between edge channels.

We review and develop recent results regarding Leviton excitations generated in topological states of matter - such as integer and fractional quantum Hall edge channels - and carrying a charge multiple of the electronic one. The peculiar features associated to these clean and robust emerging excitations can be detected through current correlation measurements. In particular, relevant information can be extracted from the noise signal in generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments, where Levitons with different charges collide against each other at a quantum point contact. We describe this quantity both in the framework of the photo-assisted noise formalism and in terms of a very interesting and transparent picture based on wave-packet overlap., 15 pages, 3 figures

The fluctuations of electrical current provide information on the dynamics of electrons in quantum devices. Understanding the nature of these fluctuations in a quantum dot is thus a crucial step insofar as this system is the elementary brick of quantum circuits. In this context, we develop a theory for calculating the quantum noise at finite frequency in a quantum dot connected to two reservoirs in the presence of interactions and for any symmetry of the couplings to the reservoirs. This theory is developed in the framework of the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green function technique. We establish an analytical expression for the quantum noise in terms of the various transmission amplitudes between the reservoirs and of some effective transmission coefficient which we define. We then study the noise as a function of the dot energy level and the bias voltage. The effects of both Coulomb interactions in the dot and asymmetric couplings with the reservoirs are characterized., 4 pages, 2 figures, in press in AIP Advances (2018)

We calculate the charge susceptibility and the linear and differential conductances of a double quantum dot coupled to two metallic reservoirs both at equilibrium and when the system is driven away from equilibrium. This work is motivated by recent progress in the realization of solid state spin qubits. The calculations are performed by using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique. In the noninteracting case, we give the analytical expression for the electrical current and deduce from there the linear conductance as a function of the gate voltages applied to the dots, leading to a characteristic charge stability diagram. We determine the charge susceptibility which also exhibits peaks as a function of gate voltages. We show how the study can be extended to the case of an interacting quantum dot., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Superconductors are natural sources for entangled states because of the intrinsic pairing of electrons in so-called Cooper pairs. Electronic transport in nanoscale devices containing such materials can give valuable information concerning this entanglement. Quantum information schemes in condensed matter settings benefit from the novel physics carried out by emergent collective excitations, e.g. the fault-tolerant topological quantum computer proposal which follows the discovery for the potential emergence of quasiparticles with Majorana properties in topological superconductors. While more and more convincing signatures compatible with the presence of Majorana zero-energy modes have been accumulated, transport properties in systems supporting such excitations can bring supplementary evidences. In a Josephson junction between two superconductors with two quantum dots in between, Cooper pairs which are the elementary charge carriers of the Josephson current driven by a difference in the superconducting phase can eventually be split (through the crossed Andreev reflection CAR process) and the constituent electrons can be spatially separated and pass through different dots. If a magnetic flux threads the area enclosed by dots and superconductors, the critical current (maximum of the Josephson current as a function of the superconducting phase) as a function of the Aharonov-Bohm phase can give information about this nonlocal process. This setup allows an equilibrium measurement for Cooper pair splitting unlike the early proposals relying on superconductor-normal junctions arranged in a fork geometry where the splitting of a Cooper pair originated from the injecting superconducting lead is probed by measuring cross correlations between the currents in the outgoing normal branches which flow in response to voltage drops. Based upon a path integral formulation of the partition function of the system, the calculation is performed in a non-perturbative way which is motivated by the experimental achievements of large couplings between superconductors and dots. A splitting efficiency has been defined so that experimental parameters (dot energies and Coulomb on-site interactions) optimizing Cooper pair splitting can be indicated to the experimentalist. In a Josephson junction between two superconductors, if a voltage is applied, an alternative current occurs with a Josephson frequency proportional to the voltage drop. In an all-superconducting three-terminal junction, several voltage drops and consequently different Josephson frequencies coexist. However, if the central electrode is grounded while the lateral gates are biased with commensurate voltages, then a DC Josephson current is recovered which translates the effective transport of Cooper pairs. The simplest case corresponds to opposite voltages and the production of two entangled Cooper pairs split by double CAR, the so-called quartet state. A path integral approach within the Keldysh formalism is adopted to compute non-perturbatively out-of-equilibrium current and noise and a frequency expansion relying on the voltage commensurability is conveniently used. Numerical results for the quartet resonance are provided. Josephson current and thermal noise have been computed for a junction between conventional superconductors and a junction between topological superconductors (hosting zero-energy quasiparticules with Majorana properties) within a unified framework based on the Bogoliubov - de Gennes scattering approach, the nature of the superconductors in contact being encoded in the matching condition. Such a calculation participates in the recent search of convincing signatures for the presence of Majorana modes., Les supraconducteurs sont des sources naturelles d'états intriqués de par la possibilité d'y apparier des électrons au sein de paires de Cooper et dans les dispositifs nanoscopiques contenant de tels matériaux, le transport électronique s'avère être un outil important de caractérisation. Les excitations collectives mises en jeu dans les systèmes mésoscopiques apportent une physique riche et les problématiques d'information quantique ont trouvé dans le monde de la matière condensée un domaine d'application stimulant, comme en témoigne la proposition de calcul quantique utilisant des qubits de Majorana protégés de la décohérence et qui peuvent être synthétisés dans les supraconducteurs topologiques. Alors que de plus en plus d'observations compatibles avec la présence de modes de Majorana s'accumulent, l'étude des propriétés de transport dans des systèmes abritant de telles excitations peut apporter des signatures complémentaires.Dans une jonction Josephson entre deux supraconducteurs séparés par deux points quantiques (dots), les paires de Cooper, qui sont les entités élémentaires du courant Josephson provoqué par une différence de phase supraconductrice, peuvent être éventuellement scindées (processus de réflection d'Andreev croisée CAR) et les électrons constituants peuvent être séparés spatialement pour transiter sur les deux dots. Lorsqu'un champ magnétique est appliqué entre ces deux dots, la dépendance du courant critique (maximum du courant Josephson en fonction de la phase supraconductrice) en fonction de la phase Aharonov-Bohm renseigne sur ce processus de transport non local. Ce dispositif permet une mesure à l'équilibre et constitue une alternative aux propositions hors-équilibre de jonctions en fourche avec un supraconducteur injecteur et des bornes métalliques collectrices, polarisées en tension. Le calcul basé sur une formulation en termes d'intégrale de chemin de la fonction de partition du système est non-perturbatif en le couplage entre supraconducteurs et dots, une telle approche s'avérant incontournable à la vue des avancées expérimentales. Une efficacité de séparation des paires de Cooper a été définie et permet d'indiquer quels jeux de paramètres (énergies et répulsions coulombiennes des dots) pourraient permettre à l'expérimentateur d'optimiser cette délocalisation spatiale d'électrons. Dans une jonction Josephson entre deux supraconducteurs polarisée, un courant alternatif apparaît avec une fréquence Josephson proportionnelle à la tension appliquée. Dans une jonction entre trois supraconducteurs, plusieurs différences de tension et donc plusieurs fréquences Josephson cohabitent. Néanmoins, lorque la borne centrale est mise à la terre et les deux bornes latérales sont polarisées avec des tensions commensurables, un courant Josephson DC apparaît traduisant le transport effectif de paires de Cooper. Le cas le plus simple correspond à des tensions opposées et au processus d'intrication de deux paires de Cooper scindées par double CAR, connu sous le nom de quartet. Une technique d'intégrale de chemin dans le formalisme de Keldysh a été adoptée pour calculer courant et bruit hors équilibre de manière non-perturbative et une représentation fréquentielle est permise par la commensurabilité des voltages. Des résultats numériques pour la résonance quartet sont présentés. Un calcul unifié basé sur les fonctions d'onde solutions de l'équation de Bogoliubov - de Gennes a permis de calculer courant et bruit dans une jonction entre deux supraconducteurs qu'ils soient conventionnels ou topologiques (la différence étant faite par l'équation de raccordement à la position du contact). Dans une jonction entre deux supraconducteurs topologiques, des quasiparticules d'énergie nulle aux propriétés de Majorana peuvent exister au niveau du contact et l'étude des statistiques du courant permet de dégager de nouvelles signatures pour la présence de ces excitations.

We consider the excitation of single-electron wave packets by means of a time dependent voltage applied to the ballistic edge channels of the integer quantum Hall effect at filling factor $\nu=2$. Due to electron-electron interactions, fractional excitations emerge along the edge. Their detailed structure is analyzed by evaluating the nonequilibrium momentum distributions associated with the different edge channels. We provide results for a generic time-dependent drive both in the stationary regime and for intermediate times, where the overlap between fractionalized wave packets carries relevant information on interaction strength. As a particular example we focus on a Lorentzian drive, which provides a clear signature of the minimal excitations known as Levitons. Here, we argue that inner-channel fractionalized excitations can be exploited to extract information about inter-channel interactions. We further confirm this idea by calculating the zero frequency noise due to the partitioning of these excitations at a quantum point contact and we propose a measurable quantity as a tool to directly probe electron-electron interactions and determine the so-called mixing angle of copropagating quantum Hall channels., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

We study the quantum walk of two interacting particles on a line with an interface separating two topologically distinct regions. The interaction induces a localization-delocalization transition of the edge state at the interface. We characterize the transition through the entanglement between the two particles., 16 pages, 7 figures (slightly expanded version)

We study the photoassisted shot noise generated by a periodic voltage in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Fluctuations of the current are due to the presence of a quantum point contact operating in the weak backscattering regime. We show how to reconstruct the photoassisted absorption and emission probabilities by varying independently the dc and ac contributions to the voltage drive. This is made possible by the peculiar power-law behavior of the tunneling rates in the chiral Luttinger liquid theory, which allow to approximate the typical infinite sums of the photoassisted transport formalism in a simple and particularly convenient way., 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of LT28 (Gothenburg, Sweden)

We investigate a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer in the integer Hall regime in which only one edge channel is transmitted and n channels are trapped into the interferometer loop. Addressing recent experimental observations, we assume that Coulomb blockade effects are completely suppressed due to screening, while keeping track of a residual strong short range electron-electron interaction between the co-propagating edge channels trapped into the interferometer loop. This kind of interaction can be completely described in the framework of the edge-magnetoplasmon scattering matrix theory allowing us to evaluate the backscattering current and the associated differential conductance as a function of the bias voltage. The remarkable features of these quantities are discussed as a function of the number of trapped channels. The developed formalism reveals very general and provides also a simple way to model the experimentally relevant geometry in which some of the trapped channels are absorbed into an Ohmic contact, leading to energy dissipation., Comment: 20 pages (single column), 4 figures

The electrical and heat currents flowing through a quantum dot are calculated in the presence of a time-modulated gate voltage with the help of the out-of-equilibrium Green function technique. From the first harmonics of the currents, we extract the electrical and thermoelectrical trans-admittances and ac-conductances. Next, by a careful comparison of the ac-conductances with the finite-frequency electrical and mixed electrical-heat noises, we establish the fluctuation-dissipation relations linking these quantities, which are thus generalized out-of-equilibrium for a quantum system. It is shown that the electrical ac-conductance associated to the displacement current is directly linked to the electrical noise summed over reservoirs, whereas the relation between the thermoelectrical ac-conductance and the mixed noise contains an additional term proportional to the energy step that the electrons must overcome when traveling through the junction. A numerical study reveals however that a fluctuation-dissipation relation involving a single reservoir applies for both electrical and thermoelectrical ac-conductances when the frequency dominates over the other characteristic energies., 10 pages, 5 figures