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The article focuses on analyzing the early Tudor poem "The Parliament of Birds" as a political allegory reflecting the fall of Cardinal Wolsey. Topics include the poem's symbolic portrayal of Wolsey's downfall, its representation of hierarchical power through animal characters, and its role in early modern English political commentary.

Copyright of Quarterly of the History of Material Culture / Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej is the property of Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Next year will be a centennial of the Council of Nicea (325), which, together with the First Council of Constantinople (381), created what we know as the Nicene Creed. This year also marks the quincentennial of Martin Luther's credal hymn "We All Believe in One True God." Luther used the opening line and tune of a late medieval hymn, reflecting both the Nicene Creed and the Apostles' Creed. His hymn accurately summarized the credal results of the councils of Nicea and Constantinople, as declaring the divinity of Christ and the Holy Spirit. This article explores these histories along with the translations of Luther's hymn into English, especially with regard to the divinity of the Holy Spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the practical implications of the Augsburg Confession for contemporary faith and understanding of grace. Topics include the nature of faith as a gift from the Holy Spirit rather than a human achievement, the role of sacraments as visible expressions of God's promises, and the distinction between life before God and in the world, emphasizing love for neighbor and obedience to authorities while prioritizing God's law.

This article examines the pedagogic creeds published in New York and Chicago during 1896 and 1897 in The School Journal. The configuration of ideas framing the creeds reveals the dynamics of modernities and transatlantic crossings, mainly the ideas of Georg W. F. Hegel, Herbert Spencer, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Friedrich Herbart, and Wilhelm Wundt and their contextual adaptation. The creeds are analyzed at the interplay of evolutionism and its versions, including Lamarckianism, developments in psychology, the intersection of Protestantism, and the gendered and racial ordering of society. The child study movement and theories of recapitulation also had a presence. The creeds provide a picture of the ideas at the fin de siècle. They were aimed at reform with various agendas that included social reconstruction with a modernist civilizing agenda, segregationism, and residential/boarding schools for Indigenous children. John Dewey's more well-known and influential creed brought its own unique avenues through his embracement of pragmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ABHATH is the property of ABHATH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This short article introduces a novel framework for conceiving of the substantive representation of marginalized groups – in this case, racially minoritized women in the UK House of Commons. I outline a rubric of eight facets of substantive representation. These evaluate the degree to which claims that constitute a group are also substantively representative of that group. In doing so, I contribute a much-needed framework for distinguishing between representative claims which speak on behalf of a group versus those which merely speak about, or even against, that group. I argue that substantive representation must be considered intersectionally, reflecting the multiple structures positioning those represented. Furthermore, all facets of substantive representation can rarely be contributed by a single parliamentary speech, individual, or narrow group of legislators such as descriptive representatives. Therefore, I suggest that empirical studies of substantive representation should include a greater evaluation of the collective work of institutions as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on main causes of war such as pursuit of wealth; the pursuit of glory and the advocacy of a creed. It mentions notion of glory is usually dynastic or governmental and can be made popular by propaganda, and always has been made so since the French Revolution. It also mentions creed wars may be religious or political; usually they are both and Protestants wished to secure church lands and revenues.

Copyright of Hermenéutica is the property of Hermeneutic - Revista Digital de Arte, Critica y Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today's diverse and changing Cuban society is characterized by the complexity of its socioreligious processes. In the Santiago town of El Cobre, interreligious relations express the typical complexity of modern times. The believers of the most diverse manifestations, at times, appear cordiality, tolerance and good neighborliness and, at other times, little or no acceptance of the prevailing diversity emerges from speech or action. Faced with this situation, sociological science is one of the main handles to explain, diagnose and envision the processes that articulate the socio-religious dynamics that affect the configuration of the religious field in the town of El Cobre. To reach conclusions, the methodological benefits of said science were used with the help of a triangulation that privileges the MACTOR method along with interviews, observation and life stories whose interpretative richness allowed recommending solutions to the problem, from ecumenism as a culture of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reflects on the specific dogmatic character of Christology that not only constitutes the heart of Catholic Moral Theology, but is decisive for faith’s judgment on any possible moral arbitrariness present in the “emergencies” that characterizes human life today. The transforming effect of faith discernment which the other can recognize and share is a gift of God made visible in the human-divine trait of the Person of Jesus Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article author talks about "Concerted cultivation" that is the phrase the University of Pennsylvania sociologist Annette Lareau minted to describe the child-rearing work of upper-middle-class parents. Topics include considered that parents use their wealth, their economic capital, to pay for any number of enrichment activities for their offspring, thereby endowing them with a range of noneconomic forms of capital—social, symbolic, and cultural.

The article focuses on William Shakespeare who uses ‘latch' as a noun a total of three times that is a yielding latch and ‘the latch' as the latter referring back to the former in The Rape of Lucrece and ‘these rural latches' in The Winter's Tale. Topics include examines while these latches have occasionally drawn critics' attention, they have done so merely for their symbolic aspects.

The paper attempts to analyze Mourning Becomes Electra, a trilogy by Eugene O'Neill from the perspectives of psychoanalysis, a post structural theoretical approach. It shows how far Freudian, Jungian, and Lacanian approaches are applicable to the characters and actions of the play in three parts. An analytical attempt is made to psychoanalytically explain the hidden motives behind the speech and actions of the major characters. The significance of "the life like mash" pasted on to faces of the characters as well as to the temple like house of the Manon family which is the setting of the play has been explained. The Freudian concepts of latent content, manifest content, the Heimlich, the unheimlich, the nachtragleichkit have been interpretatively applied to the text. The Jungian concept of the collective unconscious is applied in it as well. The text's psychoanalytical interpretation in the paper gets more richer with the introduction of French Freud Lacan's semiotic version of psychoanalysis. Julia Kristeva 's notion of "the semiotic" and "the symbolic" has also been brought in to make the interpretation comprehensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Flacian controversy over the definition of original sin (1560s-70s), a doctrinal debate took place that proved to be foundational for Lutheran theology: a number of the laity from the central German territory of Mansfeld wrote confessions in which they articulated their views on the matter. The mere existence of these statements from the likes of counts, city officials, artisans, and laborers raises the question of lay participation in the doctrinal controversies of the latter sixteenth century, a question rarely asked by historians. Moreover, an examination of why these people wrote their confessions reveals a desire to engage in questions of doctrine during this period of the late Reformation, while an analysis of their writings demonstrates a surprisingly complex understanding of the controversy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silence appears frequently in discourses of the Holocaust – as a metaphorical absence, a warning against forgetting, or simply the only appropriate response. But powerful though these meanings are, they often underplay the ambiguity of silence's signifying power. This article addresses the liminality of silence through an analysis of its richly textured role in the memorial soundscapes of Berlin. Beyond an aural version of erasure, unspeakability, or the space for reflection upon it, I argue that these silent spaces must always be heard as part of their surrounding urban environment, refracting wider spatial practices and dis/order. When conventions are reversed – when the present is silent – the past can resound in surprising and provocative ways, collapsing spatial and temporal borders and escaping the ritualized boundaries of formal commemoration. This is explored through four different memorial situations: the disturbing resonances within the Holocaust Memorial; the transgressive processes of a collective silent walk; Gleis 17 railway memorial's opening up of heterotopic 'gaps' in time; and sounded/silent history in the work of singer Tania Alon. Each of these examples, in different ways, frames a slippage between urban sound and memorial silence, creating a parallel symbolic space that the past and the present can inhabit simultaneously. In its unpredictable fluidity, silence becomes a mobile and subversive force, producing an imaginative space that is ambiguous, affective and deeply meaningful. A closer attention to these different practices of listening disrupts a top-down, strategic discourse of silence as conventionally emblematic of reflection and distance. The contemporary urban soundscape that slips through the silent cracks problematizes the narrative hegemony of memorial itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mythic symbolic type is a binary-structured, gender-oriented cultural mask. Whoever enters it will never exit and will behave according to the mask's logic. The article focuses on the men of the semi-commune Little Home trapped in the mask. It will examine this cultural structure's organization of binary-opposition in a unique kind of intensity, I called "masculine waves." In the final part, a discussion will be presented in the context of Deleuze's Becoming and Bloch's utopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the guidance, beliefs, principles, or opinions influencing the author. Topics include carrier of consciousness, thought, senses on the uniqueness and no recurrence of a person; A Credo, a Sociohistorical Imperative, and a Sacrificial Heroic Feat of Personal Freedom and practice in order to perform well, application of life-credo in Historical-Philosophical System.

This article explores forms of visuality in architecture in which symbolic and functional values interlink by considering two visually striking and deeply symbolic landmarks that tower over their respective cities at the same time as their impact is related to the invisible wireless communication they facilitate. It contrasts cultural-theoretical responses to the Eiffel Tower (1889) with readings of the One World Trade Center (2014). In this way, we contour a theoretical framework to grasp the compounded forms of signification these towers embody and address the latent and invisible signification at work by turning to the work of the French philosophers Roland Barthes (1915-1980) and Jean-Francois Lyotard (1924-1998). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the time of English Nonconformity, Arianism was not only embraced, but openly acknowledged by most of the Presbyterian ministers. That generation of ministers, who contended so zealously for the orthodox faith, had finished their labours, and received from their Lord a dismissal into eternal rest. Those champions among the laity who, at the beginning of the controversy, stood up so firmly for the truth, had entered as well into the joy of their Lord. Though their children continued Dissenters, too many of them did not possess the same sentiments or spirit. Among those who succeeded these ministers were too many who embraced the Arian creed. To this unhappy change contributed the example and conversation as well of many from the younger Presbyterian ministers. In consequence Arianism spread far and wide in the Presbyterian congregations, both among the ministers and the people. This unhappy controversy proved the grave of the Presbyterian congregations, and of those of the General Baptists. The effects of Arianism, though at first scarcely visible, gradually produced desolation and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today we take for granted the Creed we profess at every Sunday Mass--which essentially is the Constantinople Creed (381)--as our rule of faith. This paper aims to delineate the historical and theological context from which the Council of Constantinople (381) came about, so that we may better appreciate how the Creed of 381 come into being. Indeed, it took more than two decades of struggle, after the promulgation of the Homoian Arian Creed at the Council of Constantinople (360), before another council held at the same city, which came to be known as the second ecumenical council, could at last officially condemn the various forms of Arianism and reaffirm the Nicene faith with a more fully developed Constantinople Creed (381). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Mythologica Slavica is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literary criticism of the novel "The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold" by Evelyn Waugh is presented. Topics discussed include the contested confessions of the book's author in the novel, his contest with his critics, his Catholic faith as a rebuttal to hi critics' accusations, and his false penance as depicted and criticized in the novel.

In her essay, Caroline's draws from her PhD thesis that looks the visual habitus of transcultural photography. She concentrates her writing on the genre of studio photography, specifically early English studio photography and argues that the conceptual framework established in early photographic studio practices still has its legacy in contemporary digital photographic studio practices. To illustrate this argument, she draws from a contemporary case-study in her local, digital photographic studio in North London and discusses a selection of photographs in relation to early photographic studio practices. She suggests that rather than a radical break caused by digital technologies, digital photography has opened up imaginative ways in which to make studio portraits that blur boundaries between the real and symbolic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at examining how Banyumas people's characteristics are symbolically expressed in Calung Banyumasan performance. This qualitative research employs a hermeneutic approach to examine any symbolic meanings in calung performance. The data are collected by literary study, document study, observation and interview, which are then analyzed using content analysis and interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman. The research results show that some song lyrics identify Banyumas people's images and characteristics such as equality and honesty (cablaka) just like the ngoko level language they use. The performance consists of opening, Lenggeran, Badhudan, and Baladewan acts in the process of illustrating the character of Banyumas people who love jokes and crowd. Some aspects arising in performance reflect Banyumas people as an egalitarian, straightforward, like-to-gather, and syncretic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores elements of knowledge-making in translatorial practices in the social sciences and humanities. It approaches the relationship between translation and knowledge- making within the rules of the game of the academic field, with particular attention to mechanisms of symbolic recognition. Translations and translating are understood as forms of knowledge- making which take place both overtly and covertly. This article draws on quantitative material relating to the paratexts of translations from German into French and a corpus of paratexts surrounding translations of Weber’s Protestant Ethic into English in order to describe aspects of the relationship between translation and knowledge-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a fresh look at Carolingian councils through the prism of Ordines de Celebrando Concilio. Presenting themselves as instructions on how to hold councils, such ordines in part act as prescriptive texts aimed at ensuring that the liturgical framework around these meetings would guarantee the credibility of their conclusions - thus creating an image of ecclesiastical unity reflected both in the councils themselves and in their written records. By probing beyond these liturgical directions, it is here argued that the Carolingian ordines also aimed at maintaining an open, safe climate for holding debates that could actually push the agenda and effectuate useful correctio. The prescriptive nature of these texts not only enlarged the scale at which participants in individual councils saw themselves operate, but also served to ensure that the purity and pastoral authority of the discussants remained inviolate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the history of human thought, the concept of "spirit" and its derivatives ("spiritual", "spirituality") were accompanied by an attempt of understanding their transcendental nature by the experience of naming the levels of existence, which, being the highest for a human, does not belong to him and is beyond human life abilities. The spiritual symbolics is not invented by someone, it does not arise through conditioning, it is opened by a spirit in the depths of our being. Sviridov's music is a bottomless art world, where the composer's creative thought searches, selects, and asserts itself on the way of realization of deep foundations of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that participation through social activism in the form of protest can be understood as a religious praxis of prayer within the public realm. Using Paul Ricoeur’s account of the surplus of meaning found in symbolics, I will argue that protest involves a hermeneutical act which offers an account of the world and generates a multiplicity of meaning by envisaging other possible worlds for religious and societal bodies to inhabit. The surplus of meaning found in the generative, responsible action of protest for and with another embodies, in action, the same movement as prayer in Christian religious communities. As such, the praxis of protest in movements of social justice can be understood to have eschatological and sacramental dimensions found in Christian prayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article defends the disputed label "private creeds" as a useful one for describing a number of fourth-century texts. Offering such a confession was the normal method for clearing one's name on charges of heterodoxy in fourth-century Greek Christianity, though writing such a creed made the author susceptible to charges of innovation. A number of letters on Trinitarian doctrine by Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nyssa should be read in light of the tradition of private creeds. Indeed, the writings of Basil and Gregory provide unparalleled evidence for the roles such creeds played in Christian disputes of the fourth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article John of Salisbury's Symbolical Biography, is part of an ampler study upon the relationship between political philosophy and the philosophy of language in John of Salisbury's Policraticus. The article focuses on the manner in which certain events in Salisbury's life are reflected in the thematic of his work, particularly in the way he addresses the link between political philosophy and the philosophy of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Christian Creed points out that the centre of the whole history is the event of salvation in Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, who »For us and for our salvation came down from heaven, became incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the virgin Mary and was made human. He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate; he suffered and was buried. The third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures.« In the papal bull Face of Mercy, Pope Francis points out that God´s mercy is a »condition of our salvation«, which means that in Jesus Christ God´s mercy has been revealed to us and the event of God´s mercy as the event of our salvation has taken place. In this context, four characteristics of mercy have been pointed out: the revelation of God, the encounter with God, the fundamental law of life, and the way of salvation. Beginning with the proclamation of God´s mercy in the New Testament and the relation between grace and mercy, the article presents soteriological theories that interpret the central mystery of Christian faith (the significance of passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ) in a specific way and that have become the basis of understanding of the relation between God and the human being. In that sense, and especially through sacramental liturgy, these theories have had an instrumental influence of life of the Church, the development of Christian life and spirituality. The review of traditional soteriological models (the theory of enlightenment and renewal of the image of God within us; the theory of sacrifice and the Devil´s right; the theory of satisfaction and just punishment) and contemporary soteriological attempts that are trying to reformulate traditional approaches (God´s self-communication; anticipation of resurrection; salvation as liberation; soteriology of love) brings out the fact that these approaches do not take into account God´s mercy. The Second Vatican Council did not especially elaborate this theological topic, but it did point out essential dimensions of God´s mercy: the person of Jesus Christ as the revelation and realisation of God´s love in the world, the mission of the Church as the »universal sacrament of salvation« and the God´s will that everyone be saved as an expression of God´s mercy towards all persons who, not through their own fault, do not know Christ, but, nevertheless, seek God sincerely and try to do his will. The move towards a wider understanding of salvation is evident in the liturgical reform, in the reformed Rite of Penance (the form of absolution) and in the Rite of Holy Mass (new Eucharistic prayers), as well as in the text of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. In the conclusion the author points out the importance of understanding God´s mercy for authentic and joyful Christian life and for being a witness in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the conference theme, ‘Sensing Religion’, this article argues that the sociology of religion needs to pay attention to sensory experiences. Our discipline has traditionally focused on religion’s cognitive qualities – beliefs, creeds, and theologies – along with its organizational structures. By and large, we have failed to encounter, much less think about, other aspects of religion, particularly those that involve the senses. We have treated them as epiphenomenal, not central to religious life. This will no longer do. Examining religion as it is actually lived requires an attention to sensory religious experiences, as they are a core part of religious practice. Doing so requires, however, that we learn how to attune ourselves to that experience. Otherwise, we will fail to perceive the experiences that people actually encounter. This presentation provides some practical guidance about how to do this. It also presents diverse examples of embodied religious practices for which sensory experience is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study of the critics who opposes the creed in the new generation and are of the opinion of deleting the custom. It informs that professor, and author Wayne Grudem argues on the intruding of the crusade which acts against the clause, where Wayne feels the banish of Apostles' Creed intruders. The article also refers the reviews of the monk Tyrannius Rufinus on the subject of history of descendit.

'Religions of practice' are religions that prioritize ritual practice, with little concern for creeds and belief. In these religions, ethical obligations are communicated through ritual practices and aesthetic responses to symbols. Some theories of religion characterize ritual practice and religious aesthetics as secondary outcomes of religious belief. Such characterizations misunderstand the significance of religious ritual practice. A neo-Durkheimian theory of religion that examines ritual practice alongside belief provides a more sophisticated understanding of religious experience. A range of ethnographies of Japanese religions are reviewed to illustrate the argument. Aesthetics and ritual performance are central to many Japanese religions. These generate a strong sense of relational and communal entwinement and are associated with an ambivalent or pluralistic moral ontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jesus's prayer for unity needs a face. Evangelicals have been accused of a pathological tendency to fragment. And unless the Church addresses its disunity and deals with its calling for unity, both its life and ministry are at risk. Catholicization is an attempt to offer a theological praxis of the unity of the Church, putting emphasis both on theology and its practical relation to the life and ministry of the Church to make its spiritual unity an empirical one. This is a new 'Reformation' but this time towards a catholic movement. Catholicization is anchored in and founded upon four 'distinctives' of the unity of the Church, namely the Trinity, the Scripture, the creeds, and the liturgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italo Svevo certainly belongs to those writers who are considered to have been – in their every day life – bilingual. In his literary works though, while he aspired to take a place among the representatives of Italian (national) Literature, German, in some way his ›favourite‹ language, which he, as a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, spoke and wrote fluently, remained a ›shadow language‹. This paper argues that the German language is subliminally present in many of Svevo’s works, even though it never surfaces to any greater extend and that it, therefore, parallels the symbolic system of ›Money‹, which is a central motif in his literary texts (as well as, of course, in his daytime job as a merchant). Drawing back on the example of Svevo’s short story Una burla riuscita (A Perfect Hoax) this paper will show that both symbolic systems, money and the German language, function as alternative and interrelated codes. In this way, the language Svevo used writing his literary texts – his ›literary Italian‹ which has always been criticized as »non-italian« – appears fragile and often deceptive, and loses the status of a singular or ›natural‹ language. Svevo’s work, thus, is pervaded by two ›shadow languages‹, which prevent it from being monolingual, yet do not make it multilingual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the adoption of argumentative essay type in the high school academic discourse. It states that controversial texts and images, which enhances critical thinking and reasoning ability of a student, are the main basis of an argument. It mentions that the values of a culture or a society are often highlighted by the writers, by focusing on characters who aralienated from that culture because of various factors such as gender, race and creed.