1,784 results on '"CSA"'
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2. Scaling climate information services and climate smart agriculture through bundled business models
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Kagabo, Desire M., Byandaga, Livingstone, Gatsinzi, Patrick, Mvuyibwami, Patrick, Munyangeri, Yvonne U., Ntwari, Nasson, and Ouedraogo, Mathieu
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- 2025
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3. STK19 drives transcription-coupled repair by stimulating repair complex stability, RNA Pol II ubiquitylation, and TFIIH recruitment
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Ramadhin, Anisha R., Lee, Shun-Hsiao, Zhou, Di, Salmazo, Anita, Gonzalo-Hansen, Camila, van Sluis, Marjolein, Blom, Cindy M.A., Janssens, Roel C., Raams, Anja, Dekkers, Dick, Bezstarosti, Karel, Slade, Dea, Vermeulen, Wim, Pines, Alex, Demmers, Jeroen A.A., Bernecky, Carrie, Sixma, Titia K., and Marteijn, Jurgen A.
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- 2024
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4. Utility of Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers for Predicting Hepatic Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B–Mediated Clinical Drug-Drug Interactions
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Feng, Bo, Liang, Guiqing, Zetterberg, Craig, Li, Shaolan, Huang, Hui, Williams, John, Gao, Hong, Morikawa, Yoshio, and Kumar, Sanjeev
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- 2024
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5. Effective extension and access to education drive optimal adoption of climate-smart agriculture interventions in affected tidal floodplains: A case study
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Hassan, Kazi Sabera, Islam, Md. Nazrul, Billah, Md Morsaline, Islam, Md. Matiul, and Jahan, Md. Sarwar
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- 2024
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6. Factors influencing cassava farmers’ choice of climate change adaption practices and its effect on cassava productivity in Nigeria
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Omodara, Olabisi Damilola, Ige, Oluwakemi Abosede, Oluwasola, Oluwemimo, Oyebanji, Akinsola Temitope, and Afape, Oluwatunmise Oyebisi
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- 2023
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7. Public Relations and Responsibility: Pricklier Relations in Polarized Times
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Dhanesh, Ganga S., author
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- 2025
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8. Sustainable Development Approach for 3D Concrete Printing
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Kaszyńska, Maria, Skibicki, Szymon, Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Czarnecki, Lech, editor, Garbacz, Andrzej, editor, Wang, Ru, editor, Frigione, Mariaenrica, editor, and Aguiar, Jose B., editor
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- 2025
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9. To take a stand or not: effects of company-issue fit and perceived motivations for CSA on consumer response
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Kim, Seoyeon, Austin, Lucinda L., and Gaither, Barbara Miller
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- 2025
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10. Male Survivors of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse: A Review.
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Wyles, Paul, O'Leary, Patrick, Tsantefski, Menka, and Young, Amy
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CHILD sexual abuse & psychology , *MEN , *MENTAL health , *PSYCHOLOGY of adult child abuse victims , *CINAHL database , *EMOTIONS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEDLINE , *CRIME victims , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *ALCOHOLISM , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
Male child sexual abuse is over-represented in institutional settings. This realization has increasingly come into public focus in recent decades initially through lived experience, often with male survivors' stories told in the media and subsequently through court cases and government inquiries. Beginning at the turn of the century with the Irish Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (1999–2009), numerous national and state inquiries into institutional child abuse followed around the world. This scoping review asks the question: What is known from the research about the institutional child sexual abuse of males? Conducted in 2023 five databases were used (APA PsycINFO, CINAL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) producing 973 studies for screening. Applying the Arksey and O'Malley framework resulted in 29 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, which were analyzed. Of the 29 studies, 27 could be categorized into 3 broad areas of focus: survivor experience, impact, and disclosure. Two further studies considered: turning points and meaning making. The findings are discussed under the following headings: disclosure, impacts (emotional, mental health, alcohol, and other impacts), and what is helpful to victim/survivors. Implications for practice, policy, and research are examined along with limitations of the current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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11. A Study on Community Support Activities and Their Locations Considered by Older Retirees.
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Iwata, Shinichiro, Shirahata, Yuta, and Yoshida, Tetsu
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This study focuses on relationships between participation desire for community support activity, locations considered appropriate for activities, living situation and history of residence, and occupation through a survey of retired older people in Japan. Family and relatives living nearby strongly influence the preferred location for community support activities (CSA). Most older people believe public facilities should be used for CSA, but believe elementary schools are for children only. To ensure community use of elementary schools, it is important to promote their usefulness to older people who do not have a relationship with the school through their children or grandchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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12. STK19 facilitates the clearance of lesion-stalled RNAPII during transcription-coupled DNA repair.
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van den Heuvel, Diana, Rodríguez-Martínez, Marta, van der Meer, Paula J., Nieto Moreno, Nicolas, Park, Jiyoung, Kim, Hyun-Suk, van Schie, Janne J.M., Wondergem, Annelotte P., D'Souza, Areetha, Yakoub, George, Herlihy, Anna E., Kashyap, Krushanka, Boissière, Thierry, Walker, Jane, Mitter, Richard, Apelt, Katja, de Lint, Klaas, Kirdök, Idil, Ljungman, Mats, and Wolthuis, Rob M.F.
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EXCISION repair , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *RNA polymerase II , *DNA repair , *DNA damage - Abstract
Transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) removes bulky DNA lesions impeding RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription. Recent studies have outlined the stepwise assembly of TCR factors CSB, CSA, UVSSA, and transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) around lesion-stalled RNAPII. However, the mechanism and factors required for the transition to downstream repair steps, including RNAPII removal to provide repair proteins access to the DNA lesion, remain unclear. Here, we identify STK19 as a TCR factor facilitating this transition. Loss of STK19 does not impact initial TCR complex assembly or RNAPII ubiquitylation but delays lesion-stalled RNAPII clearance, thereby interfering with the downstream repair reaction. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and mutational analysis reveal that STK19 associates with the TCR complex, positioning itself between RNAPII, UVSSA, and CSA. The structural insights and molecular modeling suggest that STK19 positions the ATPase subunits of TFIIH onto DNA in front of RNAPII. Together, these findings provide new insights into the factors and mechanisms required for TCR. [Display omitted] • STK19 is a transcription-coupled DNA repair factor • Loss of STK19 delays clearance of lesion-stalled RNAPII, interfering with repair • STK19 is positioned between RNAPII, UVSSA, and CSA in the TCR complex • STK19 positions the ATPase subunits of TFIIH onto DNA in front of RNAPII STK19 functions in transcription-coupled DNA repair, aiding the clearance of RNAPII and advancing the repair process by positioning the ATPase subunits of TFIIH onto DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Effects of Climate Change on Cotton Production and Level of Adaptation by Producers and the Cameroon Cotton Development Company.
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Bassirou, Yaouba, Martial, Ndzana Georges, Theodore, Lawe Djague, Innocent, Ndoh Mbue, and Dieudonné, Bitondo
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CLIMATE change adaptation ,AERONAUTICAL navigation ,CROP diversification ,CROP rotation ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
Cotton, grown in the northern part of Cameroon, remains one of the pillars of the Cameroonian economy, employing between 150,000 and 200,000 producers, with an additional 2 million people living indirectly from its production; it now accounts for 14.1 percent of Cameroon’s agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) exports, but its cultivation is known to be highly vulnerable to climate change. Despite its importance, few studies have examined the level of adaptation of cotton producers to the effects of climate change and assessed the level of compliance of Cameroon Cotton Development Company (SODECOTON) with the implementation and adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices in cotton basins. Production and rainfall data were collected from SODECOTON, and temperature data were obtained from the Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA) and the Cameroon Civil Aviation Authority (CCAA). Associations between rainfall, temperature, and cotton production are measured by linear regression and correlation tests. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is used to forecast cotton production; assessment of levels of perception and adaptation to climate change was determined by field surveys of producers. Gaps between current agricultural practices and a checklist of CSA requirements were identified. Statistical tests showed a positive correlation between cotton production, rainfall, and temperature. The simulation of future production from 2022 to 2025 revealed that for rainfall, two out of four years predicted a decrease in production, compared with three out of four years for temperature compared with 2021. One hundred percent of producers surveyed perceive climate change through the irregularity of precipitation. Adaptation strategies developed by 100 percent of producers include crop rotation practices, crop diversification, use of improved seeds, and use of mineral fertilizers. The negative effects of climate change could be mitigated by adaptation measures based on compliance with CSA requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. The Investigation of Online Child Sexual Abuse Cases in SwedenOrganizational Challenges and the Need for Collaboration
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Alva Lindholm, Oscar Rantatalo, Ola Lindberg, and Robert Lundmark
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online child sexual abuse ,CSAM ,police investigation ,criminal investigation ,CSA ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
Investigating online child sexual abuse (CSA) crimes is challenging for law enforcement agencies, demanding both digital expertise and knowledge about offences against children while exacting a mental toll on investigators. This article identifies challenges in the investigative process, drawing on audit reports, interviews with police management, observations of meetings, and a workshop with online CSA investigators. The findings reveal difficulties in resource allocation due to varying case sizes and rapid escalation. In addition, while online CSA investigators handle most cases, they require support from other police units; however, a widespread fear of these cases among non-specialized investigators complicates collaborative efforts. Lastly, a culture of organizational “compartmentalization” was described as hindering collaboration, as different branches of investigation remain separated. We discuss how these challenges pose problems to online CSA investigation practices.
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- 2024
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15. Child Forensic Interviewers' Conceptions of Their Professional Identity: A Guiding Framework.
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Deck, Sarah L., Powell, Martine B., and Cordisco-Steele, Linda
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FORENSIC medicine , *MENTAL status examination , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *INTERVIEWING , *CHILD abuse , *PSYCHOLOGY of adult child abuse victims , *PROFESSIONAL identity , *JUDGMENT sampling , *THEMATIC analysis , *CLIENT relations , *ATTENTION , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *RESEARCH methodology , *COMMUNICATION , *TRUST , *COGNITION - Abstract
Forensic interviewers face a variety of complex and challenging situations in their role. To help them respond effectively, prioritizing professional identity formation is important. This process involves internalizing the core values, characteristics, and behaviors of the profession. The first step in facilitating this formation is identifying and delineating the core attributes of the profession, which was the focus of the current study. Twenty-one practitioners, recognized for their expertise in interviewing children, were asked about their approach to conducting interviews, and their responses were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis to identify how they conceived their professional identity. The findings indicated that the practitioners perceived their professional identity in consistent ways, most notably in the role of a temporary holder of information, a protector of the evidence, and professionals who prioritize the child. These core values, characteristics, and behaviors align with both best-practice interviewing principles and victims' reported needs. Future development of the framework delineated in this study holds promise for assisting interviewers in flexibly navigating the complexities and challenges of their role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Managing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction merged with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a case report.
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Ikebe, So, Yamamoto, Masahiro, Ishii, Masanobu, Yamamoto, Eiichiro, and Tsujita, Kenichi
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CHEST pain ,HEART failure ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction ,CORONARY arteries ,BLOOD flow measurement - Abstract
Background The concepts of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) are now widely accepted. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line medication for coronary spastic angina (coronary spastic angina: CSA/vasospastic angina: VSA), while β-blockers sometimes do not improve CSA/VSA. However, β-blockers are essential for managing symptoms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and considered vital for treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Case summary We present the case of an 83-year-old female admitted with shortness of breath persisting for over 1 year and worsening ejection fraction (EF) from 65% to 32%. On admission, she experienced chest pain at rest despite finding no significant stenosis on coronary angiography. Several days later, we performed functional coronary angiography (FCA), revealing diffuse epicardial coronary spasm upon injecting acetylcholine. The coronary flow reserve was 4.4 (≧2.0), and the microvascular resistance index was 20 (<25). We diagnosed the patient with a myocardial injury event induced by CSA/VSA and initiated dihydropyridine CCBs. A few months later, her chest pain resolved; the HF symptoms improved (NYHA: from Ⅲ to Ⅱ), accompanied by a reduction in B-type natriuretic peptide levels (from 4561.2 to 75.4 pg/mL) and EF improvement (from 32.0% to 62.6%). Discussion We managed a patient with HFrEF and MINOCA. Although CCBs are not routinely recommended for HFrEF, we added dihydropyridine CCBs to treat CSA/VSA based on comprehensive diagnostic procedures. This approach sedated chest pain and may have contributed to her EF improvement. Detailed examinations and tailored treatment strategies might be helpful for HF treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Optimizing cyclosporine A dose post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in paediatric cancer patients.
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Elnaggar, Mennatallah, Hafez, Hanafy, Abdallah, Amr, Hamza, Mahmoud, Khalaf, Marwa M., and El-Haddad, Alaa
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HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation , *PUBLIC hospitals , *DRUG toxicity , *ANTIFUNGAL agents , *CYCLOSPORINE , *CANCER patients , *HOMOGRAFTS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *AGE distribution , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *VORICONAZOLE , *CELLS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cyclosporine A (CSA) dosing has been complicated by considerable intra-patient and inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics, which is affected by different factors. We aimed to assess the various factors that might affect the CSA dose and its plasma level. Patients and methods: This retrospective study included paediatric cancer patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 from matched related donors with CSA as graft versus host disease prophylaxis. The CSA initial dose was 1.5 mg/kg IV Q12H. Then, it was titrated according to the level and drug toxicity. Cyclosporine A trough levels were assessed two to three times per week using the Emit 2000 cyclosporine-specific assay. Moreover, factors that may affect cyclosporine levels, such as age, sex, weight and the antifungal used, were analyzed to determine their effect on CSA plasma levels. Results: There were 119 patients included in the study. The median age was 10 years; and 43% of them used voriconazole as a prophylactic antifungal. The multivariate analysis revealed that female patients, those >9 years or on voriconazole reached the target level at low initial CSA doses. A higher probability (93%) of reaching the desired plasma level with doses 1.5 mg/kg IV Q12H was observed among patients >9 years, and on voriconazole. While those who were ≤9 years and not on voriconazole required doses >1.5 mg/kg IV Q12H, with an 89% probability of reaching the desired level. Conclusion: This study suggests that the initial CSA dose should consider the patient's age and the antifungal used. Patients >9 years and/or on voriconazole may require lower initial CSA doses and could start with 1.5 mg/kg IV Q12H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. New insight into highly efficient CSA@g‐C3N4 for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol and thioanisole: NAEDS as a promoter of photoactivity under blue LED irradiation.
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Hosseini, Saber and Azizi, Najmedin
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BENZYL alcohol , *ALCOHOL oxidation , *PHOTOCATALYTIC oxidation , *CHOLINE chloride , *VISIBLE spectra , *PHOTOCATALYSTS , *EUTECTICS - Abstract
An open new perspective has been established toward synthesizing eco‐friendly CSA@g‐C3N4 employing surface engineering. The carbon nitride modified through camphorsulfonic acid was designed and developed in a category of the new generation of photocatalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and thioanisole in the existence of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). In comparison with pure g‐C3N4, not only does CSA@g‐C3N4 exhibit an extraordinarily higher ability for harvesting visible light stemming from declining the recombination rate of electrons/holes dependent on PL results but it also reveals notable photocatalytic oxidation capability in the transformation of alcohols as well as thiols into relevant compounds. In addition, non‐metal compound (CSA) incorporation would result in considerably diminishing the energy band gap value from 2.8 to 2.28 eV to escalate the visible‐light absorption of g‐C3N4. While the conventional consensus implies that inherent properties of photocatalysts bring on high photoactivity, this study indicates that deploying choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent as an external factor plays the role of photoactivity accelerator. Furthermore, readily recycling and reusability can be achieved for the photocatalytic setup of CSA@g‐C3N4 ascribed to its heterogeneous nature with no drop in the photoactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Muscle memory in humans: evidence for myonuclear permanence and long‐term transcriptional regulation after strength training.
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Cumming, Kristoffer Toldnes, Reitzner, Stefan Markus, Hanslien, Marit, Skilnand, Kenneth, Seynnes, Olivier R., Horwath, Oscar, Psilander, Niklas, Sundberg, Carl Johan, and Raastad, Truls
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MUSCLE physiology , *STRENGTH training , *FLEXOR muscles , *GENE expression , *HYPERTROPHY , *MUSCLES - Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate myonuclear permanence and transcriptional regulation as mechanisms for cellular muscle memory after strength training in humans. Twelve untrained men and women performed 10 weeks of unilateral elbow‐flexor strength training followed by 16 weeks of de‐training. Thereafter, 10 weeks' re‐training was conducted with both arms: the previously trained arm and the contralateral untrained control arm. Muscle biopsies were taken from the trained arm before and after both training periods and from the control arm before and after re‐training. Muscle biopsies were analysed for fibre cross‐sectional area (fCSA), myonuclei and global transcriptomics (RNA sequencing). During the first training period, myonuclei increased in type 1 (13 ± 17%) and type 2 (33 ± 23%) fibres together with a 30 ± 43% non‐significant increase in mixed fibre fCSA (P = 0.069). Following de‐training, fCSA decreased in both fibre types, whereas myonuclei were maintained, resulting in 33% higher myonuclear number in previously trained vs. control muscle in type 2 fibres. Furthermore, in the previously trained muscle, three differentially expressed genes (DEGs; EGR1, MYL5 and COL1A1) were observed. Following re‐training, the previously trained muscle showed larger type 2 fCSA compared to the control (P = 0.035). However, delta change in type 2 fCSA was not different between muscles. Gene expression was more dramatically changed in the control arm (1338 DEGs) than in the previously trained arm (822 DEGs). The sustained higher number of myonuclei in the previously trained muscle confirms myonuclear accretion and permanence in humans. Nevertheless, because of the unclear effect on the subsequent hypertrophy with re‐training, the physiological benefit remains to be determined. Key points: Muscle memory is a cellular mechanism that describes the capacity of skeletal muscle fibres to respond differently to training stimuli if the stimuli have been previously encountered.This study overcomes past methodological limitations related to the choice of muscles and analytical procedures.We show that myonuclear number is increased after strength training and maintained during de‐training.Increased myonuclear number and differentially expressed genes related to muscle performance and development in the previously trained muscle did not translate into a clearly superior responses during re‐training. Because of the unclear effect on the subsequent hypertrophy and muscle strength gain with re‐training, the physiological benefit remains to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. A Haloarchaeal Transcriptional Regulator That Represses the Expression of CRISPR-Associated Genes.
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Turgeman-Grott, Israela, Shalev, Yarden, Shemesh, Netta, Levy, Rachel, Eini, Inbar, Pasmanik-Chor, Metsada, and Gophna, Uri
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GENETIC regulation ,CRISPRS ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,HALOBACTERIUM ,DNA - Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) systems provide acquired heritable protection to bacteria and archaea against selfish DNA elements, such as viruses. These systems must be tightly regulated because they can capture DNA fragments from foreign selfish elements, and also occasionally from self-chromosomes, resulting in autoimmunity. Most known species from the halophilic archaeal genus Haloferax contain type I-B CRISPR-Cas systems, and the strongest hotspot for self-spacer acquisition by H. mediterranei was a locus that contained a putative transposable element, as well as the gene HFX_2341, which was a very frequent target for self-targeting spacers. To test whether this gene is CRISPR-associated, we investigated it using bioinformatics, deletion, over-expression, and comparative transcriptomics. We show that HFX_2341 is a global transcriptional regulator that can repress diverse genes, since its deletion results in significantly higher expression of multiple genes, especially those involved in nutrient transport. When over-expressed, HFX_2341 strongly repressed the transcript production of all cas genes tested, both those involved in spacer acquisition (cas1, 2 and 4) and those required for destroying selfish genetic elements (cas3 and 5–8). Considering that HFX_2341 is highly conserved in haloarchaea, with homologs that are present in species that do not encode the CRISPR-Cas system, we conclude that it is a global regulator that is also involved in cas gene regulation, either directly or indirectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Adaptive servo-ventilation and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure and central sleep apnea: a single-center experience.
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Sun, Paulina, Porter, Kyle, Randerath, Winfried, Jarjoura, David, and Khayat, Rami
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ASV ,Adaptive servo-ventilation ,CSA ,Central sleep apnea ,Humans ,Sleep Apnea ,Central ,Heart Failure ,Systolic ,Heart Failure ,Retrospective Studies ,Stroke Volume ,Respiration ,Ventricular Dysfunction ,Left ,Treatment Outcome - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Treatment of CSA with a certain type of adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) device that targets minute ventilation (ASVmv) was found to be harmful in these patients. A newer generation of ASV devices that target peak flow (ASVpf) is presumed to have different effects on ventilation and airway patency. We analyzed our registry of patients with HFrEF-CSA to examine the effect of exposure to ASV and role of each type of ASV device on mortality. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study in patients with HFrEF and CSA who were treated with ASV devices between 2008 and 2015 at a single institution. Mortality data were collected through the institutional data honest broker. Usage data were obtained from vendors and manufacturers servers. Median follow-up was 64 months. RESULTS: The registry included 90 patients with HFrEF-CSA who were prescribed ASV devices. Applying a 3-h-per-night usage cutoff, we found a survival advantage at 64 months for those who used the ASV device above the cutoff (n = 59; survival 76%) compared to those who did not (n = 31; survival 49%; hazard ratio 0.44; CI 95%, 0.20 to 0.97; P = 0.04). The majority (n = 77) of patients received ASVpf devices with automatically adjusting end-expiratory pressure (EPAP) and the remainder (n = 13) received ASVmv devices mostly with fixed EPAP (n = 12). There was a trend towards a negative correlation between ASVmv with fixed EPAP and survival. CONCLUSION: In this population of patients with HFrEF and CSA, there was no evidence that usage of ASV devices was associated with increased mortality. However, there was evidence of differential effects of type of ASV technology on mortality.
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- 2023
22. Do climate-smart agricultural practices impact the livelihoods of vulnerable farmers in the Southern part of Bangladesh?
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Mohummed Shofi Ullah Mazumder
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CSA ,Rural livelihood ,Climate vulnerability ,Quasi-experimental survey design ,FE-IV method ,PSM ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Efforts to reduce food insecurity must include building resilience in rural farmers to shocks. One way to achieve this is through climate-smart agriculture (CSA). This paper analyzes the impact of CSA on farmers’ livelihoods. Data were collected in two phases in 2010 and 2018 from a study (CSA practitioners) and control group (CSA non-practitioners) of climate-affected farmers (240 farmers in each group) using a quasi-experimental survey design considering all possible biases. Descriptive statistics, variance inflation factor analysis, multiple regression, path analysis, FE-IV, and propensity score matching models were applied. Practicing CSA technologies improved food security and the incomes of the farmers through increased agricultural productivity. The impact of CSA technologies differed based on farmers’ understanding of technologies, the time and amount of financial support, availability of extension staff, the provision of technical and other logistical support, and CSA practitioners’ experience, such as knowing how to enhance plant resilience. Specific policy interventions, including financing of CSA, would benefit rural farmers. CSA provides a path towards sustainable livelihood development and food security. These findings will be useful for policymakers, planners, administrators, and development workers.
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- 2024
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23. Interobserver reliability of shoulder radiographic findings and correlation to MRI: a preliminary case series.
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Bufe, Katharina, Müller, Kristin Hermine, Retzlaff, Cornelia, Hofmann, Gunther O., and Spahn, Gunter
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SHOULDER joint , *INTER-observer reliability , *HUMERAL fractures , *ACROMION , *HUMERUS - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver reliability of measurements of the Acromiohumeral Distance (AHD) first described by Golding et al., the Critical Shoulder Angle (CSA), the Acromion Index with Glenoid Humeral (GH) and Glenoid Acromial (GA) distances, following the measuring method by Nyffeler et al., the Lateral Acromion Angle (LAA), as well as the morphology of the acromion according to Bigliani and the humeral head position according to Maloney in X-rays and MRI. Furthermore, the study assessed the correlation of measurement results in X-ray with those in MRI for AHD, CSA, GA, GH, AI, and LAA. Methods: A total of 187 patients who underwent shoulder joint X-ray and MRI examinations from 09/2016 to 05/2023 were included in the study. Patients with poor imaging quality, arthrosis or radical prior surgeries, like shoulder prosthetic surgery, status post humerus fractures, that have undergone surgery and therefore changed the anatomical features were excluded, what lead to a total study population of 78. X-ray measurements were performed by two observers in the true anteroposterior view, so that the humeral head and the glenoid are shown without overlap, providing a clear view into the joint space. MRI measurements were performed in oblique coronal MRI slices, using the most accurately depicted glenoid surface as a landmark. Results: Interobserver measurement results showed a significance with p < 0.001 for the assessment of acromion type according to Bigliani, humeral head offset assessment according to Maloney, and AHD. No significance was found for interobserver reliability in measuring LAA. Additionally, there was a high correlation of measurement results in X-ray with measurements in MRI for, CSA, GH/GA, and consequently AI, a good correlation for AHD but no correlation could be shown for LAA. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the robustness of radiological parameters for evaluating shoulder pathology, offering promising prospects for clinical applications and further research. Nevertheless, the specific methodological considerations and patient characteristics should be taken into account when interpreting the results to ensure their accurate application in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Comparative performance analysis of robust and adaptive controller for three-link robotic manipulator system.
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Sweta, Deolia, Vinay Kumar, and Kumar, Jitendra
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COST functions , *SEARCH algorithms , *ROBOTICS , *AUTOMATION , *INTEGRALS - Abstract
Three-link robotic manipulator systems (TLRMS) often used in automation industries offer many capabilities, but become very complex in terms of their control and operations. In order to enhance trajectory tracking in the X and Y axes, this study investigates the application of a fractional-order nonlinear proportional, integral, and derivative (FONPID) controller for a three-link robotic manipulator system (TLRMS). Using a cost function that combines the integral of square error (ISE) and the integral of absolute change in controller output (IACCO), the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) maximises the performance of the controller. The fractional-order term enhances the robustness and the nonlinear term supports the adaptiveness of the FONPID controller. The fractional-order proportional, integral, and derivative (FOPID) and classic PID controllers are contrasted with the FONPID controller's efficacy. The findings show that the CSA-tuned FONPID performs better than the other controllers, providing more robust and accurate tracking. By demonstrating fractional-order control's promise for intricate robotic systems, this study advances the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Surviving child sexual abuse in women's artistic gymnastics: 'It's beautiful, because had I stayed in the past, I wouldn't have evolved as a person'.
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Barker-Ruchti, Natalie and Varea, Valeria
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SEX crimes , *CONSCIOUSNESS raising , *ARTISTIC gymnastics , *GYMNASTICS , *STORYTELLING - Abstract
The USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal raised global awareness about child sexual abuse (CSA) in women's artistic gymnastics. The ensuing media coverage also centre-staged victims' survivorship stories, a process that for many moved from dissociating, recognising and disclosing CSA to feeling comfort when connecting with survivors and accepting CSA as part of their life history. However, scholarship on what survivorship from CSA in sport entails, and importantly, what it means to athletes, is limited. In this article, we frame the survival of CSA using Arthur Frank's socio-narratological conceptualisation of people being able to process the devastating consequences of a life-threatening and/or a life-altering event, and present the survivorship stories of two former gymnasts, Maria and Lucia (pseudonyms). For these two women, survivorship was facilitated by hearing others' stories of sexual abuse, purposefully facing their CSA experiences and connecting with one another later in life to raise awareness about sexual abuse in sport. Thus, in addition to presenting Maria and Lucia's stories for the purpose of providing CSA victims with a survivorship narrative, we outline and reflect on the role hearing and telling stories have in CSA survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A has an immunostimulatory function in CD8+ T cells.
- Author
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Wißfeld, Jannis, Hering, Marvin, ten Bosch, Nora, and Cui, Guoliang
- Subjects
CYCLOSPORINE ,T cells ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents ,PROTEIN kinases ,PROTEIN kinase B ,GRAFT versus host disease - Abstract
Cyclosporin A is a well‐established immunosuppressive drug used to treat or prevent graft‐versus‐host disease, the rejection of organ transplants, autoimmune disorders, and leukemia. It exerts its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting calcineurin‐mediated dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), thus preventing its nuclear entry and suppressing T cell activation. Here we report an unexpected immunostimulatory effect of cyclosporin A in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a crucial metabolic hub required for T cell activation. Through screening a panel of tool compounds known to regulate mTORC1 activation, we found that cyclosporin A activated mTORC1 in CD8+ T cells in a 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, cyclosporin A inhibited the calcineurin‐mediated AKT dephosphorylation, thereby stabilizing mTORC1 signaling. Cyclosporin A synergized with mTORC1 pathway inhibitors, leading to potent suppression of proliferation and cytokine production in CD8+ T cells and an increase in the killing of acute T cell leukemia cells. Consequently, relying solely on CsA is insufficient to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. It is necessary to simultaneously target both the calcineurin‐NFAT pathway and the mTORC1 pathway to maximize therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Enhancing TQM's effect on small business performance: a PLS-SEM exploratory study of TQM applied with a comprehensive strategic approach.
- Author
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Manley, Scott C., Williams Jr., Ralph I., and Hair Jr., Joseph F.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL performance ,SENIOR leadership teams ,SMALL business ,SMALL business management ,RATIO analysis ,TOTAL quality management - Abstract
Purpose: Given the positive organizational principles associated with total quality management (TQM) – customer focus, continuous improvement, and process management – one would assume TQM's application is universally beneficial across businesses. Generally, research supports that notion. However, given resource limitations and shallow management teams in small businesses, there are multiple challenges in implementing TQM in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, small business leaders should benefit from knowledge linking other management practices to TQM's positive effect on small firm performance, which enhances these leaders' return on TQM investment. Design/methodology/approach: The authors apply partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore TQM's effect on small business performance and how other management practices enhance that relationship. Specifically, the authors explore how a comprehensive strategic approach (CSA) – a higher-order construct consisting of strategic planning, goal setting, and financial ratio analysis – moderates the relationship between TQM and small business performance. Given the complexity of the authors' model, the application of higher-order constructs, and the exploratory nature of this work, PLS-SEM is well suited for this study. Findings: Consistent with prior research, the authors found that TQM (also a higher-order construct, consisting of seven lower-order constructs) positively impacts small firm performance. In addition, the authors found that CSA positively moderates the relationship between TQM and financial performance. Originality/value: TQM's effect on small business performance is enhanced when leaders implement a CSA. In other words, when small business leaders strategically plan, set goals, and analyze financial ratios, TQM's positive effect on firm performance is enhanced. This finding provides business leaders insights for how to maximize the TQM investment return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Beyond social embeddedness: probing the power relations of alternative food networks in China.
- Author
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Qi, Miaomiao
- Subjects
POWER (Social sciences) ,FEMINISM ,SOCIAL integration ,WOMEN farmers ,MUTUAL aid - Abstract
Food justice scholars have criticized alternative food networks (AFNs) for lacking concern about gender, class, race, and ethnicity, thus not addressing structural inequalities. This paper further suggests that the incorporation of social justice into AFNs' on-the-ground operations is critical in creating a more sustainable and just agri-food system that challenges the industrial and corporate-controlled food system. By exploring an urban–rural mutual aid cooperative in southwest China, this paper highlights a localized AFN that has successfully cultivated close social ties between ethnic minority small farmers in remote areas and urban consumers. Through these ties, consumers' desires for safe food are satisfied and some small producers' livelihoods have improved. Yet, competing values between supporting small farmers and satisfying consumers' needs create tensions in the co-op's daily operation. Importantly, I demonstrate that failing to incorporate social justice into its construction of social embeddedness, existing inequalities of gender, class, and ethnicity within the co-op not only go unchallenged but rather underlie consumers' trust in food quality and make women farmers all but invisible. Developing a situated and feminist framework of AFNs, this paper contributes to existing literature on AFNs by challenging and complicating the assumption of social embeddedness derived from Anglo-American contexts, as well as by focusing on women's perceptions and lived experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Conceptual Framework for Risk Mitigation and Monitoring in Software Organizations Based on Artificial Immune System
- Author
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Hasib, Nida, Rizvi, Syed Wajahat Abbas, Katiyar, Vinodani, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Kumar, Sandeep, editor, Hiranwal, Saroj, editor, Garg, Ritu, editor, and Purohit, S. D., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Incoherency Risk in the EU’s New Cyber Security Policies
- Author
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Ruohonen, Jukka, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, van de Wetering, Rogier, editor, Helms, Remko, editor, Roelens, Ben, editor, Bagheri, Samaneh, editor, Dwivedi, Yogesh K., editor, Pappas, Ilias O., editor, and Mäntymäki, Matti, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Traditional Agronomic Practices: Understanding and Mitigating the Risks of Climate Change
- Author
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Das, Kadambini, Yasheshwar, editor, Mishra, Anil Kumar, editor, and Kumar, Mukesh, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A Quality of Service Optimization Strategy for Aggregated Cloud Storage
- Author
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Xu, LiTing, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Kadoch, Michel, editor, Lu, Kejie, editor, Ye, Feng, editor, and Qian, Yi, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Child Sexual Abuse in India
- Author
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Nelluri, Kanaka Durga Devi, Kakani, Anil Kumar, Suvarna, Thota Deepthi, Obilineni, Iswarya, Shaik, Aminabee, editor, Thota, Suguna Leelavathi, editor, and Atmakuri, Lakshmana Rao, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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34. A Comprehensive Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse and Indian Legislation. Is India Equipped for the Challenge of Child Abuse?
- Author
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Radhika, M., Reddy, P. Madhu Kumar, Prasad Kandi, V. S., Ashalatha, P., Shaik, Aminabee, editor, Thota, Suguna Leelavathi, editor, and Atmakuri, Lakshmana Rao, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Role of Pharmacists and Other Healthcare Professionals in Child Sexual Abuse
- Author
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Mamillapalli, Vani, Kantamaneni, Padmalatha, Shaik, Aminabee, editor, Thota, Suguna Leelavathi, editor, and Atmakuri, Lakshmana Rao, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Method to Identify Emotions in Immersive Virtual Learning Environments Using Head and Hands Spatial Behavioral Information
- Author
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Velázquez-Cano, Jorge Enrique, Gonzáles-Serna, Juan Gabriel, Rivera-Rivera, Leonor, Gonzáles-Franco, Nimrod, Reyes-Ortiz, José Alejandro, López-Sánchez, Máximo, Valenzuela-Robles, Blanca Dina, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Calvo, Hiram, editor, Martínez-Villaseñor, Lourdes, editor, Ponce, Hiram, editor, Zatarain Cabada, Ramón, editor, Montes Rivera, Martín, editor, and Mezura-Montes, Efrén, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. DDoS Attack Detection in IoT Environment Using Crystal Optimized Deep Neural Network
- Author
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Karpagavalli, C., Suganya, R., Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Challa, Rama Krishna, editor, Aujla, Gagangeet Singh, editor, Mathew, Lini, editor, Kumar, Amod, editor, Kalra, Mala, editor, Shimi, S. L., editor, Saini, Garima, editor, and Sharma, Kanika, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Design & Analysis of Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Based Optimal Tuning of PID Structured TCSC Controller
- Author
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Meghwal, Geetanjali, Bhadviya, Shruti, Sharma, Abhishek, Howlett, Robert J., Series Editor, Jain, Lakhmi C., Series Editor, Jha, Pradeep Kumar, editor, Tripathi, Brijesh, editor, Natarajan, Elango, editor, and Sharma, Harish, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Benefits of Chemical Prestressing Over Mechanical Prestressing of FRP Rods
- Author
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Mikutaite, Vita, Donchev, Ted, Petkova, Diana, Haroglu, Hasan, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Barros, Joaquim A. O., editor, Kaklauskas, Gintaris, editor, and Zavadskas, Edmundas K., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effect of Incremental Loading with Construction Sequence Analysis of an RCC Floating Column Building Located in High Seismic Prone Areas
- Author
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Ganesh, Aleti, Vivek Kumar, C., Satyanarayana, G. V. V., Himavarsha, Joga, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Pathak, Krishna Kant, editor, Bandara, J. M. S. J., editor, and Agrawal, Ramakant, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. PATSMA: Parameter Auto-tuning for Shared Memory Algorithms
- Author
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Joao B. Fernandes, Felipe H. Santos-da-Silva, Tiago Barros, Italo A.S. Assis, and Samuel Xavier-de-Souza
- Subjects
Auto-tuning ,Runtime ,Parameter optimization ,CSA ,Nelder–Mead ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
Programs with high levels of complexity often face challenges in adjusting execution parameters, particularly when the ideal value for these parameters may change based on the execution context. These dynamic parameters significantly impact the program’s performance. For instance, ideal parallel loop scheduling may vary depending on factors like the execution environment, program input, or the choice of compiler. Given the expensive nature of testing each case individually, one viable solution is to automate parameter adjustments using optimization methods. This article introduces PATSMA, a parameter auto-tuning tool that leverages Coupled Simulated Annealing (CSA) and Nelder–Mead (NM) optimization methods to fine-tune existing parameters in an iterative application. We demonstrate how auto-tuning can contribute to the real-time optimization of parallel algorithms designed for shared memory systems. PATSMA is a C++ library readily available under the MIT license.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cyclosporin for the treatment of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN): a systematic review of observational studies and clinical trials focusing on single therapy, combination therapy, and comparative assessments
- Author
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Nazerian, Amirhossein, Jafarzadeh, Alireza, Salehi, Sadaf, Ghasemi, Mobina, and Goodarzi, Azadeh
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Introduction to Special Section: CSA Victimization in Incarcerated Populations.
- Author
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Mueller-Coyne, Jessica
- Subjects
- *
CHILD sexual abuse & psychology , *SERIAL publications , *JUVENILE delinquency , *SEX offenders , *PRISONERS , *RECIDIVISM , *CRIME victims , *CRIMINAL justice system - Abstract
Research suggests that individuals involved in the criminal justice system have higher rates of childhood trauma, including experiences of child sexual abuse (CSA). Studies also suggest that childhood victimization has an impact on the success of mental health treatment for offenders which may contribute to recidivism rates. Accordingly, policymakers and correctional staff can be better informed in choosing appropriate assessments and intervention approaches when they understand the ways in which prior experiences of CSA impact individuals in correctional settings. This special section highlights four novel studies that advance the research examining CSA in incarcerated populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Neuromuscular ultrasound changes in unilateral symptomatic subacute lumbosacral radiculopathy: A prospective simple blinded cohort study.
- Author
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Cuendet, David, Valsecchi, Daniele, Najberg, Hugo, Maestretti, Gianluca, and Medlin, Friedrich
- Abstract
Introduction/Aims: Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR) is a common disorder. Neuromuscular ultrasound (NMU) is a rapidly evolving technique for the investigation of peripheral nerve and muscle disorders, but studies using NMU in LR are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate ultrasonographic neuromuscular changes distant from root compression in patients with subacute to chronic compressive LR with motor impairment. Methods: Patients with unilateral subacute to chronic L4, L5, or S1 radiculopathy with motor impairment and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were included. The sciatic and femoral nerve cross‐sectional areas (CSA), the CSA of lower limb muscles, and muscle fasciculation detection rate were assessed using a pre‐specified neuromuscular ultrasound evaluation with blinded side‐to‐side comparison. Results: Of the 18 included patients, 66% were male and the mean age was 51 years. Overall, 16.7% had L4, 55.5% L5, and 27.8% S1 radiculopathy, mostly due to disc herniation (83%). Sciatic nerve CSA of the symptomatic side was increased (61.4 mm2 vs. 51.3 mm2; p =.001), and the fasciculation detection rate was higher in the affected muscles (delta = 13%, p =.007) compared to unaffected ones. Muscle CSA in affected and nonaffected muscles was decreased on the symptomatic side. Discussion: NMU evaluation in patients with symptomatic subacute to chronic LR revealed sciatic nerve enlargement distant from nerve root compression and higher fasciculation rates. These structural findings on NMU might be due to an axonal repair mechanism and an inflammatory response with endoneurial edema induced by ongoing nerve damage and potentially reflect progressive axonal loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A systematic review identifying the drivers and barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agriculture by smallholder farmers in Africa.
- Author
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Silva, Maíra Finizola, Van Schoubroeck, Sophie, Cools, Jan, and Van Passel, Steven
- Subjects
SMALL farms ,GREENHOUSE gases ,FOOD security ,FARM size ,FARMERS' attitudes ,RAINFALL ,AGRICULTURAL credit - Abstract
Climate change impact, food security concerns, and greenhouse gas emissions are pressuring agricultural production systems in developing countries. There is a need for a shift toward sustainable food systems. One of the concepts introduced to drive this shift is climate-smart agriculture (CSA), endorsed by international organizations to address multifaceted challenges. Despite widespread attention and support, the adoption of CSA among African farmers remains low. This systematic literature review aims to shed light on the factors influencing CSA adoption amongst African farmers. Within the articles identified as relevant, over 50 CSA practices and more than 40 factors influencing CSA adoption were distinguished. These influencing factors can be categorized as personal, farm-related, financial, environmental, and informational. The focus of this review is to identify and explain the overall impact (positive, negative, or mixed) of these factors on CSA adoption. Overall, many factors result in mixed effects, only some factors have an unambiguous positive or negative effect on CSA adoption. For instance, educational level emerges as a key personal factor, positively impacting CSA adoption, along with positive influences from farmers' experience and farm size among farm-related factors. Financial factors reveal distinct patterns, with income from farming and access to credit positively influencing adoption, while off-farm income exhibits a negative effect. Environmental factors, though less researched, indicate positive impacts related to changes in rainfall patterns, temperature, and droughts. Lastly, informational factors consistently exhibit a positive effect on CSA adoption, with training, access to extension, group memberships, climate information, and CSA awareness playing crucial roles. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance CSA adoption in Africa, offering a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted dynamics at play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Emergency load shedding to maintain line flows in presence of WTDFIG using modified crow search algorithm.
- Author
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Arya, Rajesh, Singh, Pushpendra, Purey, Pradeep, Khan, Mohd Tauseef, and Titare, L. S.
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *INDUCTION generators , *ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations , *ELECTRIC lines , *INFERENTIAL statistics - Abstract
This paper describes a novel algorithm for line overload alleviation with minimum load curtailment in the presence of wind turbine doubly fed induction generator (WTDFIG). Emergency conditions may arise due to predicted load in the next interval or outage of a transmission line. Selection of load buses for load shedding has been identified by sensitivities of severity index. Bounds on bus voltages have been considered in addition to line flow limits. Crow search algorithm (CSA) modified with Lampnien's criterion to account inequality constraints has been employed to obtain optimal solution of the formulated problem. A significant increase in electric vehicles (EVs) is observed each year. This, in turn, causes an increase in EV charging substations to meet the load demand. In view of this, role of renewable energy sources (RESs) has increased to maintain the continuity of supply to EVs charging substations. The developed algorithm has been implemented on 25-bus and 118-bus standard IEEE test systems. Results have been compared with those obtained using SFLA (shuffled frog leaping algorithm) and CAPSO algorithm based on statistical inferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Voltage profile optimization using crow search algorithm modified with Lampnien's criterion to account inequality constraints.
- Author
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Arya, Rajesh, Singh, Pushpendra, Upadhyay, Ashish Kumar, Purey, Pradeep, and Choube, S. C.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC charge , *SEARCH algorithms , *REACTIVE power control , *VOLTAGE , *ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *ELECTRIC automobiles - Abstract
Adequate load bus voltage has been obtained by rescheduling of reactive power control variables and distribution generation based on PV system. A significant increase in numbers of electric vehicle (EVs) occurs every year and then increase in number of EV charging substations. An adequate voltage profile is desirable for efficient charging of EVs. Thus, with the help of developed methodology a secure and reliable supply system is obtained for EVs charging substation. This paper presents methodology for optimizing voltage profile of a power network by rescheduling usual reactive power control variables employing three optimization techniques, i.e., modified crow search algorithm (CSA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and Rao-1 algorithms. The selected objective function is a quadratic function. Deviations around nominal values of voltage squares are minimized by summing over all load bus voltages. Inequality constraints have been accounted using Lampnien's criterion incorporating in all three techniques. A comparison based on statistical inferences has been provided for results obtained on IEEE 14 and 25 bus test systems. Results obtained by CSA, SCA and Rao-1 techniques are in close agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Pasport monitorovacích vrtů v předpolí lomu ČSA (historie, současnost).
- Author
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ŽIŽKA, LUKÁŠ and KELLERMANN, TOMÁŠ
- Subjects
STRIP mining ,MINES & mineral resources ,ORES ,GEOLOGY ,ENGINEERING - Abstract
Copyright of Zpravoday Hnede Uhli is the property of Brown Coal Research Institute, j.s.c. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
49. Passivation of Steel Reinforcement in Low Carbon Concrete.
- Author
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Achenbach, Rebecca and Raupach, Michael
- Subjects
MILD steel ,SLAG cement ,PASSIVATION ,PORTLAND cement ,SULFOALUMINATE cement ,CALCIUM silicate hydrate ,REINFORCED concrete - Abstract
Both the high CO
2 emissions associated with cement production and the increasing demand for concrete call for the use of binder types that can be produced in a more climate-friendly way than that of ordinary Portland cement. To ensure that these binders can also be used in reinforced concrete structures, their influence on the corrosion behavior of embedded steel reinforcement must be investigated. In the study presented here, the passivation behavior of steel in mortars made from various new types of binders is investigated. In addition to alkali-activated materials with high and low calcium contents, a calcium sulfoaluminate cement and a binder produced from calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases, synthesized in an autoclave, were investigated. While the steel clearly passivated in the alkali-activated slag and the C-S-H binder, the calcium sulfoaluminate cement showed the lowest open circuit potentials and polarization resistances, indicating a less effective level of passivation. The metakaolin geopolymer with a potassium-based activator showed an onset of passivation that was dependent on the environment of the specimens at an early age, whereas the alkali-activated fly ash with a sodium-based activator showed a delay in passivation that was not influenced by the environment of the specimens at an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Spatial variation of short birth intervals and their determinant factors among reproductive women in Ethiopia using a geographically weighted regression model
- Author
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Gezachew Gebeyehu Arega, Aweke Abebaw Mitku, Nuru Mohammed Hussen, Shegaw Mamaru Awoke, Haymanot Berelie Berehan, and Kasaneh Jigar Alem
- Subjects
short birth interval (SBI) ,CSA ,EAS ,EMDHS ,OLS ,geographically weighted regression (GWR) ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
BackgroundIn low- and middle-income nations, a significant proportion of maternal and infant deaths are caused by a short birth interval (SBI). In Ethiopia, it is the main factor contributing to maternal and infant mortality. Understanding the spatial distribution of SBIs, i.e., birth intervals of less than 33 months, and the factors that influence them is important for categorizing and promoting targeted interventions. This study used a geographically weighted regression model to evaluate the factors associated with SBIs in hot areas of Ethiopia.MethodsThe 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey, which is nationally representative, provided the data for this study. The first step in the two-stage cluster design used to collect the data was enumeration areas, and the second stage was households. The survey was conducted between 21 March 2019 and 28 June 2019. A hot spot analysis (local Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) was initially used to investigate spatial variation in SBIs. Geographically weighted regression was used to examine the regional variation in the relationship between SBIs and the factors that cause them.ResultThe study indicated that the overall proportion of SBIs among women in Ethiopia was 43.2%. The values for Global Moran’s I (Moran’s I = 0.773 and p
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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