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BackgroundAdolescent Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an pincreasing global concern. Drawing on self-control theory, social support theory, and problem behavior theory, this study aimed to examine the relationships between low self-control, perceived social support, and IGA among Chinese Yi and Non-Yi adolescents, with a focus on the moderating role of perceived social support and ethnic differences.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,997 adolescents (53.78% female, mean age 14.70 years) in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires assessing IGA (Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form), low self-control (Low Self-Control Scale), and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, OLS regression, and the seemingly unrelated estimator (SUE).ResultsLow self-control was positively associated with IGA (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), while perceived social support was negatively associated with IGA (β = -0.27, p < 0.001). Perceived social support, particularly from family (β = -0.43, p < 0.05) and significant others (β = -0.49, p < 0.01), moderated the relationship between low self-control and IGA. These associations were more salient among Yi adolescents compared to non-Yi adolescents.ConclusionsThis study highlights the protective role of perceived social support, especially from family and significant others, in buffering the risk of low self-control on IGA. The findings extend self-control theory and social support theory, and provide empirical support for problem behavior theory in a cross-cultural context. The results underscore the importance of considering cultural contexts in understanding IGA and developing targeted interventions for ethnic minority adolescents.

With the electromagnetic environment becoming increasingly complex, it is crucial to address the risk posed by electromagnetic pulse, which critically impairs the performance and reliability of electronic systems based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. In this context, research on the failure types of CMOS image sensors in a high-power electromagnetic environment, caused by strong electromagnetic pulses and the rapid evaluation method of interference immunity, has garnered significant interest. This paper conducts electromagnetic pulse simulation experiments on CMOS image sensors to first study their failure types, such as image abnormalities and functional interruption, and then identify the corresponding failure criteria. Furthermore, this study builds on the small sample test evaluation method to investigate the interference threshold of functional interruptions in CMOS image sensors by calculating the failure probability at different field strengths. The obtained data were combined with the Weibull distribution function for fitting, the results of which found the interference threshold to be at 40.4 kV/m. The findings of this study provide a basis for evaluating the survivability of CMOS image sensors and their associated reinforcement technology in high-power electromagnetic environments.

Although many studies have investigated the influencing factors of adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction, few have investigated the influence factor of exposure to domestic violence, and even fewer have used the General Strain Theory to explain the influence path of exposure to domestic violence on adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction. Based on the GST, this study sought to uncover further insights into the effect of exposure to family violence on adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction, and the mediating role of social control—specifically, parental attachment—and self-control in the association between exposure to family violence and adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction. Adopting a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, we conducted this study with 2,110 adolescents from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, China. The results suggest that adolescents’ exposure to domestic violence directly affects their addiction to Internet games and indirectly affects it by decreasing social control and self-control. The study not only supplements and improves the explanatory framework of General Strain Theory, but makes a significant contribution to research on the causes of Internet gaming addiction.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of 18F⁃S16 PET imaging in brain tissue of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and the correlation between tau protein deposition and glucose metabolism pattern. Methods A total of 12 bvFTD patients and 10 controls with normal cognitive function treated in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were included, and all of them underwent 18F⁃S16 PET and 18F⁃FDG PET. The difference of 18F⁃S16 and 18F⁃FDG uptake between bvFTD group and control group was compared by voxel⁃based analysis (VBA). The 18F⁃S16 and 18F⁃FDG standard uptake value rate (SUVR) of 2 groups were compared by semi⁃quantitative analysis. The 18F⁃S16 uptake rate of 2 groups was observed by visual analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the whole⁃brain spatial correlation of 18F⁃S16 and 18F⁃FDG tracers and the correlation of uptake levels in each region of interest (ROI). Results VBA method showed the uptake of 18F⁃S16 increased in the right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior central gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right posterior central gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule in bvFTD patients (P＜0.01, for all, FEW correction, pixel threshold=50). The uptake of 18F⁃FDG in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and right insula decreased in bvFTD patients (P=0.000, for all, FWE correction, pixel threshold=50). The overlaps were mainly located in the right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus. Semi⁃quantitative analysis showed the SUVR value of tau protein in bilateral frontal lobe (P=0.000), parietal lobe (P=0.015) and precuneus (P=0.000) in bvFTD group was higher than that in control group, and the SUVR value of glucose in bilateral frontal lobe was lower than that in control group (P=0.002). Pearson correlation analysis showed the whole⁃brain spatial correlation between 18F⁃S16 and 18F⁃FDG was weak in bvFTD patients (r=0.050, P=0.000). In bvFTD patients, only bilateral frontal tau SUVR was negatively correlated with glucose SUVR (r=⁃0.702, P=0.011). Visual analysis of 18F⁃S16 PET showed increased uptake in bilateral frontal, parietal, precuneus, and hippocampus in bvFTD patients. Conclusions 18F⁃S16 PET can reflect the characteristic of tau protein deposition and its correlation with glucose metabolic pattern in bvFTD patients.

The plant-derived enzyme induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) can significantly improve the engineering mechanical properties of sand. However, there is no specification for choosing the parameter value in the specific operation, and the solidification effect needs to be improved. Based on soybean urease, the effects of temperature, urease concentration, urea concentration, calcium concentration, pH value, calcium source type and other variables on urease activity and calcium carbonate precipitation were studied, and the SEM and XRD tests on precipitated calcium carbonate crystals were carried out. On this basis, the unconfined compressive strength and solidification effect of soybean urease-solidified sand were tested. The results showed that the urease activity increased linearly with the increase of urease concentration, but there was a temperature threshold. When the temperature exceeded the threshold, urease activity was completely inactivated, and the threshold decreased with the increase of urease concentration. Urea concentration and pH value affected urease activity together, and there was an optimum combination, i.e. the optimum pH value is 7 when urea concentration is 0.1–1 mol/L, and 8 when urea concentration is 1.0–1.5 mol/L. Urease is the catalyst of a precipitation reaction. The higher the urease concentration was, the more complete the reaction was, and the higher the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate was. For urea and calcium solutions, the dosage mainly affected the precipitation of calcium carbonate, and the dosage ratio should be 1:1. The concentration and pH value of urea and calcium solutions can affect the precipitation of calcium carbonate by affecting urease activity. Different calcium sources had little influence on the amount of precipitated calcium carbonate. The composition and density of precipitated calcium carbonate crystals from different calcium sources were basically the same, but the crystal structure was different. The calcium carbonate crystals with calcium chloride as calcium source are mainly massive, with spherical and spheroidal crystals on the surface and large cementation surface, which can be used as an ideal calcium source in EICP technology. The unconfined compressive strength of the sand solidified with urease from soybean and calcium chloride as calcium source was about 6 times that of the sand mixed with coal fly ash. SEM images show that the precipitated calcium carbonate crystals wrap and bond the sand into a whole, and the solidification effect is ideal.

Abstract Background Automated ICD coding on medical texts via machine learning has been a hot topic. Related studies from medical field heavily relies on conventional bag-of-words (BoW) as the feature extraction method, and do not commonly use more complicated methods, such as word2vec (W2V) and large pretrained models like BERT. This study aimed at uncovering the most effective feature extraction methods for coding models by comparing BoW, W2V and BERT variants. Methods We experimented with a Chinese dataset from Fuwai Hospital, which contains 6947 records and 1532 unique ICD codes, and a public Spanish dataset, which contains 1000 records and 2557 unique ICD codes. We designed coding tasks with different code frequency thresholds (denoted as $$f_s$$ f s ), with a lower threshold indicating a more complex task. Using traditional classifiers, we compared BoW, W2V and BERT variants on accomplishing these coding tasks. Results When $$f_s$$ f s was equal to or greater than 140 for Fuwai dataset, and 60 for the Spanish dataset, the BERT variants with the whole network fine-tuned was the best method, leading to a Micro-F1 of 93.9% for Fuwai data when $$f_s=200$$ f s = 200 , and a Micro-F1 of 85.41% for the Spanish dataset when $$f_s=180$$ f s = 180 . When $$f_s$$ f s fell below 140 for Fuwai dataset, and 60 for the Spanish dataset, BoW turned out to be the best, leading to a Micro-F1 of 83% for Fuwai dataset when $$f_s=20$$ f s = 20 , and a Micro-F1 of 39.1% for the Spanish dataset when $$f_s=20$$ f s = 20 . Our experiments also showed that both the BERT variants and BoW possessed good interpretability, which is important for medical applications of coding models. Conclusions This study shed light on building promising machine learning models for automated ICD coding by revealing the most effective feature extraction methods. Concretely, our results indicated that fine-tuning the whole network of the BERT variants was the optimal method for tasks covering only frequent codes, especially codes that represented unspecified diseases, while BoW was the best for tasks involving both frequent and infrequent codes. The frequency threshold where the best-performing method varied differed between different datasets due to factors like language and codeset.

In this letter, a vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC) working in mode tuning is designed and fabricated; the designed RC is made of a highly electrically conductive silver fabric. A stepper motor is used to tune the cavity surface step by step along its normal direction, and an RC with vibrating wall is realized. The corresponding relationship between the vibrating amplitude and frequency of use is calculated. A test system is developed and the performance of VIRC is experimentally verified. Measurement results show that the measured E-field samples follow a Rician distribution, and the standard deviation of the space E-field is less than 3 dB, which meets the requirements of statistical uniformity tolerance in IEC 61000-4-21.

Based on the official data modeling, this paper studies the transmission process of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The error between the model and the official data curve is quite small. At the same time, it realized forward prediction and backward inference of the epidemic situation, and the relevant analysis help relevant countries to make decisions.

Ticks can carry multiple pathogens, and Inner Mongolia’s animal husbandry provides excellent environmental conditions for ticks. This study characterized the microbiome of ticks from different geographical locations in Inner Mongolia; 905 Dermacentor nuttalli and 36 Ixodes persulcatus were collected from sheep in three main pasture areas and from bushes within the forested area. Mixed DNA samples were prepared from three specimens from each region and tick species. Microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and α and β diversity were determined. The predominant bacterial genera were Rickettsia (54.60%), including Rickettsiales bacterium Ac37b (19.33%) and other Rickettsia (35.27%), Arsenophonus (11.21%), Candidatus Lariskella (10.84%), and Acinetobacter (7.17%). Rickettsia bellii was identified in I. persulcatus, while Rickettsiales bacterium Ac37b was found in D. nuttalli from Ordos and Chifeng. Potential Rickettsia and Anaplasma coinfections were observed in the Ordos region. Tick microbial diversity analysis in Inner Mongolia suggests that sheep at the sampling sites were exposed to multiple pathogens.

Ion-complementary self-assembling peptides have potential in delivering hydrophobic drugs. This study involved two self-assembling peptides, RADA16-I and RVDV16-I, of which RVDV16-I was a novel self-assembling peptide with different hydrophobic side chains designed from RADA16-I. The purpose of this study was to observe the interaction between different self-assembling peptides and emodin through fluorescence spectrophotometry, CD, SEM and AFM; to construct a preliminary suspension in-situ hydrogel delivery system for emodin with the self-assembling peptides; and to investigate the drug-loading and drug-releasing properties of the self-assembling peptides on emodin. The results showed that both peptides can interact with emodin and the interaction was dominated by hydrophobic interaction. The aqueous solutions of both self-assembling peptides can form relatively stable suspensions with emodin under mechanical stirring, and the suspension can form in-situ hydrogel under physiological condition. In vitro release of emodin from the hydrogels showed a manner of sustained release to some extent. Cell viability studies showed inherent proliferation inhibiting effects of emodin on tumor cells was maintained or enhanced through the in-situ hydrogels. The self-assembling peptides RADA16-I and RVDV16-I had showed promising drug-loading and drug-releasing performance for hydrophobic drugs. It is reasonable to exploit self-assembling peptides as drug carriers for their great potential to improve delivery of hydrophobic drugs.

In order to improve the photocatalytic degradation performance and stability of nano TiO2, Dy doped TiO2 supported on high silica glass fiber was prepared by microwave-sol method combined with dip-coating method. The samples were analyzed by XRD,SEM,PL,EDS,XPS and other equipments for phase composition of films,surface topography, surface elements and the stability of films. And the effects of pretreatment solution and coating method on the high-silica fiber film were investigated.In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the sample has been investigated by degrading methylene blue. The results show that the catalytic stability of Dy doping TiO2 nanofilms supported on high silica glass fiber can be improved and the degradation of methyl orange can reach 94% in 30min after 5 times of coating treatment.

In continuation of the investigation on the bithiophene structure as potential Aβ probes, two halogenated chalcone derivatives containing bithiophene moiety were designed and evaluated as imaging probes for Aβ plaques. In vitro fluorescence staining indicated that they could stain Aβ plaques in the brain sections of AD model mice specifically, in vitro binding assay further confirmed that they displayed high binding affinities to Aβ aggregates (Ki=2.33 nM and 0.88 nM). One radio-iodinated probe, 125I labeleled chalcone derivatives was obtained via iododestannylation reaction with high radiochemical yield and purity (>99%). Moreover, the 125I-labeling compound displayed specific labeling of Aβ plaques in the brain sections of AD model mice with low background, and the specific labeling could be confirmed by thioflavin-S staining. In vivo biodistribution in normal mice indicated that the 125I labeling compound exhibited low initial brain uptake (1.19%ID/g at 2 min) and rapid clearance. These preliminary results suggest that 125I labeling compound may serve as novel Aβ imaging probe, although further modifications are needed to improve initial brain uptake.

The pathogenicity of the common phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae toward Caenorhabditis elegans has been recently demonstrated. However, the major virulence factors involved in this interaction remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the nematocidal activity of P. syringae against C. elegans under iron-sufficient/limited conditions, primarily focusing on the role of the ferric chelator pyoverdine in a P. syringae−C. elegans liquid-based pathogenicity model. Prediction-based analysis of pyoverdine-encoding genes in the genome of the wild-type P. syringae strain MB03 revealed that the genes are located in one large cluster. Two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes (pvdD and pvdJ) were disrupted via a Rec/TE recombination system, resulting in mutant strains with abrogated pyoverdine production and attenuated virulence against C. elegans. When used alone, pure pyoverdine also showed nematocidal activity. The role of iron used alone or with pyoverdine was further investigated in mutant and MB03-based bioassays. The results indicated that pyoverdine in P. syringae MB03 is a robust virulence factor that promotes the killing of C. elegans. We speculate that pyoverdine functions as a virulence determinant by capturing environmentally available iron for host bacterial cells, by limiting its availability for C. elegans worms, and by regulating and/or activating other intracellular virulence factors that ultimately kills C. elegans worms.

To improve the theoretical research on the tensile properties of soil, the damage model study was carried out in the present paper based on existing experimental results. In combination with the variation of the micro-structure of clay during the stretching process, the damage variable is defined by coupling the porosity with the pore distribution. According to the structure damage during the tensile process of clay under different initial conditions, the damage evolution equation is obtained and the damage model is established. At the same time, the applicability of the damage evolution equation and the damage model was verified by experimental data.