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Since the 1980s, the growing consumption of media by various segments of the population has been of concern to education experts, who have warned of the need for teacher training to integrate Media and Information Literacy (MIL) in their curricula. In this article we analyse the curricular plans and teaching guides for subjects related to MIL in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education degrees in Andalusia. Through these documents, we seek to identify the presence of AMI in initial teacher training, its characteristics, potential and limits, as well as the emerging methodologies arising from the relationship between technology and education. In methodological terms, we conducted a quantitative analysis, using simple descriptive statistics, combined with a qualitative analysis, using the principles of content analysis, according to Bardin (1991). The data indicate that training for AMI is very uneven across the universities and courses analysed. Moreover, most of the subjects related to AMI are optional and deal mainly with aspects related to the presence of technology as a support for teaching, with little presence of emerging methodologies, which leads to a marginalisation of aesthetic training and critical training of future teachers for and with the media.

Online education presents itself as an option that can yield benefits for developing countries like Pakistan. The education sector of Pakistan was greatly affected due to the pandemic that forced the schools' operation to be run online like many other businesses and industries which provided the researchers and policy makers with a chance to study the possibilities associated with online education in the Pakistani context. This study focuses on researching the effects this transition had on parents by measuring their satisfaction levels. The instrument used to collect quantitative data for this study includes categories, school-level technological support, schoollevel instructional support, curricular programs, social interaction and overall satisfaction with the online education. Differences of parental satisfaction in these categories and the factors that influence them such as school fee, educational levels of parents and number of enrolled children per family have been studied. The findings revealed that parents are satisfied given the challenges and hurdles that schools have faced transitioning from on-campus to online education. A few significant differences were found between number of children enrolled in online education and parental satisfaction with technological support as well as social interaction. Significant differences were also found between school fee and parental satisfaction with curricular programs. These findings provide us with future directions for further research in the direction of integrating online education in Pakistani school setting.

Engaged learning seeks to cultivate integrative approaches that require students to use multiple points of view or approaches in their coursework. Similarly, civically engaged courses ask students to consider public problems that involve multiple stakeholders, institutions, and policies. We are interested in whether courses designed to meet civic engagement goals might also improve student self-assessment of integrative learning at our institution and could serve as a developmental step toward more holistic strategies. To test our hypothesis that student participation in civic engagement would improve student self-assessment of integrative learning, we compared summative student survey scores from students enrolled in similar courses with and without a civic engagement component (n = 275). Boxplot and statistical analysis (unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test) were used to determine if civic engagement pedagogy made any meaningful impact on integrative learning. Our results show strong overall improvement in survey scores after civic engagement courses.

Educators may occasionally neglect certain parts of the curriculum that they consider relatively unimportant. There are instances when inadequate time and pupils' readiness for central examinations are cited as justifications for these occurrences. The aim of this research was to examine the reasons that lead teachers who teach courses that are tested on the Upper- Secondary School Entrance Exam, which is the central exam for 8th graders, to ignore the curriculum according to the opinions of the teachers. The research was designed according to the case study, a type of qualitative research. The study group of the research consists of a total of 15 teachers, 6 of whom work in private schools and 9 of whom work in public schools, in the province of Hatay in the 2021-2022 academic year. A purposive criterion sampling method was used to select the teachers. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interview form and analyzed by content analysis method. It was found that most of the teachers interviewed ignored or abandoned the curriculum because of central exams or external pressures. It was stated that some reasons related to school administrators, parents and students forced teachers to make changes in course teaching methods and processes or forced them to abandon the curriculum.

In this study, we designed and evaluated the effectiveness of a new course aimed at developing creativity as the cornerstone of technology and design education. This 14-hour synchronous online course was offered to secondary school students in the online format by the Open Educational Laboratory by the National Center of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Forty-three students completed the course consisting of online class sessions, presentations, recommended books, articles and videos, and homework for independent study. Pre- and post- divergent thinking tasks were used to assess how the course influenced design and creativity outcomes. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between course effectiveness and participants' behavioral engagement level as well as domain of participant's and interest. The findings revealed that divergent thinking may in fact be fostered within an online course aimed at exploring possible sources for ideas, yet without a direct focus on divergent thinking tasks as such. After training, participants were able to generate significantly more varying and creative ideas than before training. However, positive changes in originality and usefulness of participants' ideas were not observed. During the planning of further trainings, it is worth supporting participants' articulation and reflection on the usefulness of their ideas. A positive relationship was identified between student activity during class sessions and development of their creativity. An important implication from this study is that encouraging students during the course and provision of regular feedback from the instructor make a measurable difference in creativity outcomes.

To promote psychological literacy (PL) in our bachelor psychology teaching, over recent years we have implemented various modifications to our curriculum at the Utrecht University psychology bachelor program, with a focus on the societal application of psychology knowledge. To support psychology programs around the world in integrating PL in their curriculum, knowledge about experiences may offer valuable suggestions for future initiatives. We therefore aim to share our experiences in implementing PL-related courses in our curriculum. We systematically explored teachers' and students' views and experiences, using course evaluations and questionnaires. Results showed that both teachers and students value PL as a learning objective for psychology teaching. However, they were often unaware of these learning objectives (students) or felt not enough attention was being paid to them (teachers). Teachers encountered several obstacles while integrating PL in their teaching, relating to aspects such as a lack of an explicit focus on these objectives, and felt ability. Teachers offer valuable suggestions related to being explicit about definition and goals, implementing learning trajectories, and training teachers. We discuss the main practical considerations and highlight issues of motivation and assessment that may guide future research in this area.

Psychological literacy is an approach to teaching which encourages students to consider their subject knowledge in 'real world' applied contexts (i.e. in student's lives beyond university), which may be professional, personal, or societal. 'Real world' here refers to the application of psychological knowledge and skills to students' personal, student-role, work, and community contexts. Psychological literacy is typically integrated into psychology programmes through classroom activities, extra-curricular activities, and opportunities outside of the core curriculum. However, for the goals of psychological literacy to be fully realised, it should be intentionally and thoughtfully embedded at the module and programme level. One way to achieve this is to develop and evaluate modules (i.e. standalone units or courses) that embed psychological literacy explicitly by design. In this paper, we provide overviews, brief evaluations, and reflections on four undergraduate modules within a UK Psychology (BSc) degree that integrate the principles of psychological literacy. These include a first-year compulsory module ('Biological Approaches to Human and Non-Human Behaviour'), a second-year compulsory module ('Neuroscience') and two final-year elective optional modules ('Face Perception' and 'Feminist Social Psychology'). We offer reflections on the process of designing these modules as educators who are interested in developing students' psychological literacy and also provide student evaluations.

Medical improvisation (improv) applies theater principles and techniques to improve communication and teamwork with health professionals (HP). Improv curricula have increased over time, but little is known about best practices in curricula development, implementation, and assessment. We sought to complete a state-of-the-art review of medical improv curricula to teach HP learners communication skills. A literature search of MEDLINE and 8 other databases on HP medical education and medical improv communication curricula occurred. We screened 1869 articles published from 2012 to 2022. Seventeen articles were selected for extraction and synthesis. Common curricular goals included improving interprofessional, interpersonal, and empathetic communication. Curricula often lacked alignment between learning objectives and improv exercises. Sessions occurred once (65%) or were longitudinal (35%). Only 24% reported a full description of their intervention. Few reported details on the content of curricula. Evaluations often focused on feasibility and acceptability. Heterogeneity exists in the development, implementation, and assessment of improv curricula. Low-quality evidence was provided to support the use of medical improv to teach communication skills to HP learners. Improv curricula were feasible, and acceptable to learners. We offer recommendations to guide future medical improv curricula development.

Educators throughout the world are deeply concerned about what ChatGPT means for education. I argue that Christian educators must avoid extreme reactions and fulfill three key roles to remain focused on students' holistic formation: (1) casting a moral vision of truthfulness; (2) evaluating curricula, syllabi, and formal assessments while also creating a secure and explorative learning environment to learn about ChatGPT; and (3) exercising their authority through accountability measures and by paradoxically surrendering that same authority to foster dialogue. These three roles reflect the threefold office of Christ as a prophet, priest, and king and are explored using this Reformed motif.

This paper illustrates the use of curriculum mapping as a process that can support productive boundary encounters between lecturers in an initial teacher education (ITE) programme as part of curriculum review. Using mathematics as the context, lecturers in a 1-year primary graduate ITE programme developed a curriculum map to identify the mathematical thinking opportunities available to their pre-service teachers in their courses and across the programme. The coordinated approach to curriculum analysis/mapping expanded lecturers' definition of mathematical skills and reasoning and their awareness of opportunities their students had to engage with mathematical ideas. The mapping process included collaborative discussions, document analysis and iterative development of a curriculum map. In an overcrowded curriculum, which responds to government policies and university initiatives such as embedding critical literacy, mathematical foundations and cross-disciplinary study, the mapping process has potential to meet multiple demands and agendas. In our study, the mapping process and the map offered purposeful and productive grounds for learning and development. They were central to facilitating dialogic boundary encounters between programme lecturers resulting in the re-conceptualisation of course and programme curriculum boundaries. We expect study findings will be of interest to programme leaders, lecturers and researchers facing the challenge of identifying and supporting the development of competencies and multi-literacies that span courses and programmes.

Higher education is facing increasing calls to engage in a process of intellectual decolonisation. This process necessitates that we take time to consider both the content of our curriculum and the pedagogic practices used to facilitate its understanding. Drawing on discussions of both intellectual decolonisation and its underpinning principles of epistemic justice, I consider the implications of these ideas for the threshold concept framework. These implications are likely to relate to both the identification of potential future threshold concepts and the experience of engaging with them. As threshold scholars, we may need to reconsider our ideas about who the experts are within a discipline or practice in our efforts to identify candidate threshold concepts and consider alternative sources of evidence in support of this. In addition, we need to reflect on how the learning experiences that arise as a result of encounters with thresholds that have emerged as a result of the privileging of knowledge and ways of knowing from the 'global north' might serve as a source of epistemic trouble to learners from the 'global south'. Such learning experiences are likely to be highly emotive and represent a significant source of troublesome learning.

The purpose of the school curriculum could be to prepare pupils for a satisfying and fulfilling life, to prepare pupils for the needs of the economy or to pass on the wisdom of society accumulated over time. In this article I use the example of enterprise education, including financial capability, to show how the current English schools' curriculum succeeds in none of these for too many young people. I draw on the wisdom of the 1980s to inform the present and the future.

There is currently a debate as to whether academic content at kindergarten crowds out time spent in creative arts, free play, and physical activity. Analyzing kindergarten teachers' reports of their instruction from the ECLS-K:2011, this study examined whether core academic content or advanced academic content in math or English language arts (ELA) displaces time spent in creative arts, indoor free play, and physical activity. The results suggested that neither core academic content nor advanced academic content in either subject displaced physical activity. More time spent on advanced math and advanced ELA was associated with more time spent on creative arts. However, teachers who reported spending more time on advanced math also reported spending less time on indoor free play.

The Associate Fellowship Program (AFP) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a post-graduate training residency for early career librarians, incorporates a curriculum component introducing participants to the operational areas of the NLM. Recent organizational shifts catalyzed a curriculum evaluation to examine its alignment with the mission of the AFP and the NLM. This article outlines the evaluation process and offers recommendations on designing post-graduate curricula to serve the needs of emerging professionals. Furthermore, this study highlights one way in which professional standards can be incorporated into institutional training and orientation programs to further both individual and organizational professional development goals.

The study aims to evaluate 9th grade English curriculum within scope of holistic education. It was designed on mixed method. Quantitative data was collected with "Teaching Tendency Inventory" and "Attitude Scale Towards Foreign Language" adapted into Turkish by the researcher (Babacan, 2016) and also "Holistic Learning Tendency Scale" developed by the researcher (Babacan, 2016) in scope of this present study. Quantitative data was collected from 179 English teachers working at secondary education schools and from 1043 students determined by proportional stratified sampling method. Qualitative data was collected from observation of classrooms, from documents (curriculum, coursebooks, exams, observation notes) and from a total of eight English teachers and twenty-four students in four school types determined depending on stratified purposeful sampling strategy. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance were performed on the quantitative data gathered from students and teachers. Qualitative data was analyzed by inductive content analysis and documents were analyzed by comparative qualitative analysis technique. According to results, it was observed that holistic education was not applied in current English education and there were reflections of mechanical approach. It was found that students who had high language skills and who used English outside classroom had a high holistic learning tendency. Moreover, these and also those who preferred some study types and also female students studying at science and social sciences high school had higher attitudes towards foreign language. As for teacher findings, it was determined that teachers preferred transactional teaching approach and differences that depend on school types were found out.

This study aims to investigate the curriculum literacy levels of primary teachers. The study group of this study, which is based on a case study from qualitative research designs, consists of teachers working in primary schools in the 1st term of the 2020-2021 academic year in Diyarbakir. The teachers in the study group were selected by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The semi-structured interview technique was used in the data collection process of the research. In addition, the qualitative data obtained were analyzed with descriptive analysis methods. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the primary teachers did not directly access the curriculum designed by the MoNE but indirectly followed the curriculum by downloading the annual plans from the web pages on the internet. In addition, interviews with teachers revealed that they could barely demonstrate the philosophy, values, and competencies in the curriculum and were not aware of these parts. On the other hand, primary teachers stated that they focused on basic skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic), life skills (selfconfidence, entrepreneurship, self-regulation, problem-solving), and values education (love, respect, honesty, sharing, and responsibility) in success. It is seen that while teachers mostly talk about the acquisitions related to basic skills, life skills, and values education in the curriculum, they refer less to the acquisitions of related mathematics and engineering skills, which are widely used and vital in today's world. This result showed that they care about the inclusion of skills, life skills, and values education in the curriculum, and they try to achieve the goals for these skills by the students.

The Turkish population has a structure that encompasses different origins, races, and religious beliefs. This structure has expanded to a broader spectrum with immigrants and refugees coming to the country for various reasons. This diversity that constitutes society is also observed in early childhood education, which is the first level of education. In this context, starting from preschool education and developing an inclusive curriculum that caters to the diversity of students is highly important in terms of reducing discrimination, increasing inclusivity, and providing suitable learning environments for students' educational needs. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the preschool curriculum from an inclusive education perspective. Through the document analysis method, the present qualitative study addressed the preschool curriculum updated and published in 2013 by the Turkish Ministry of National Education. While the objectives and descriptions in the curriculum were examined through content analysis, the learning outcomes were examined using a rubric. It was determined that only one of the objectives in the preschool curriculum was related to inclusive education. Of the 63 learning outcomes examined, 29 were completely unrelated to inclusive education, 21 had very little relevance, 7 had moderate relevance, and 6 had high relevance. As a result, it was determined that while the inclusive education approach was considered and adopted in the general objectives and descriptions of the preschool curriculum, there was no emphasis on children with refugee, asylum seeker, immigrant, or similar status, and there were shortcomings in the evaluation dimension of the instruction process.

This study analyzed studies done in Turkey in the context of curriculum evaluation (CE) by asking, "How is it made? The study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the document analysis method used 215 theses written between 1991 and 2020 on CE were analyzed according to the "thesis review form." In the second stage, depth analysis was made through semi-structured interviews with the authors (students) and the field experts (supervisors of the authors) of the theses to make the results of the first stage more understandable. Interviews were conducted with 32 participants. A maximum sampling method was used to determine the participants. The data analysis calculated percentage and frequency values for the data obtained in the first stage. In the second stage, descriptive analysis and content analysis were carried out with the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program. The majority of theses did not employ a CE model as a consequence of the research, and the CIPP model was the most popular CE model. Many of the theses were not justified in using the CE model. Model usage increased as time passed to the present day. Many theses used quantitative models but did not explicitly state the sampling technique. Teachers were mainly used in this research as a source for data gathering, and participant numbers ranged from 10 to 50. Additionally, most studies used questionnaires and interviews as the primary data-gathering tools. All of these findings suggest that CE studies have several flaws.

This study aims to examine the 9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum according to various criteria. A cross-sectional survey model was used. The sample consists of 36 physics teachers working in various high schools in 12 regions of Turkey in the 2022-2023 academic year. The data of the study were collected via the "9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum Evaluation Form". The data collected via the evaluation form were determined with the multilevel Rasch analysis program. The results of the research revealed that the criteria determined in the evaluation of the 9th-grade physics curriculum differed in terms of strictness and generosity. In addition, the quantitative data analysis revealed that the physics teachers mostly comply with the criteria set in the program while they disapprove of some criteria. The physics teachers reported some deficiencies in the objectives, content, and educational status of the elements included in the program. In this context, it is recommended that the achievements of the 9th-grade 2018 physics curriculum be reviewed in line with the evaluations of the stakeholders related to the subject.

Purpose: This study examines law-related education in Japan and China to reveal the current state of research and identify the roles, possibilities, and challenges facing such teaching at the elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels. This study conducts a comparative review of research on perspectives toward law education in both countries, as well as the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan. Design/Approach/Methods: This study examines trends in research and educational reform related to law education in Japan. In doing so, it evaluates how the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan are related to law education in China. Findings: Results show no evidence of a systematic study of law in Japan. Reforming subjects to engage in collaborative learning is a more realistic strategy than attempting to design wholly new subjects. Accordingly, exploring what kind of learning activities are linked to law-abiding education in China offers insights and references for Japan. Adapting these strategies to the Japanese context and law material can help create a more systematic form of learning. Originality/Value: Through joint research by researchers and educators from East Asian countries, we intend to conduct further research on the development of curricula, textbooks, and class models suited to specific subjects. Employing the joint research learning approach discussed in this study in Japan and China may result in further learning possibilities.

Curriculum evaluation is a significant element in the process of education. The goal of the curriculum evaluation is to understand if the curriculum is producing the desired results. This study evaluated the Senior High School (SHS) curriculum of De La Salle Araneta University (DLSAU) in Malabon city, Philippines. Descriptive evaluative design using a mixed method approach was employed to examine the perspectives and experiences of SHS students and teachers focused on the domains of curriculum satisfaction, knowledge and confidence with the curriculum, preparation with the curriculum, and satisfaction with the curriculum supports. Perceptions of students and teachers collected from focus group discussions and survey questionnaires were transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted to further reveal the SHS curriculum's strengths and areas to be improved. The findings revealed that students and teachers were satisfied, knowledgeable, confident, and prepared in learning and implementation of the curriculum. The study also highlighted the features of the SHS curriculum unique to DLSAU. Moreover, students and teachers shared their insights on how to further strengthen the curriculum in terms of its implementation and supporting student learning. It was recommended that curriculum evaluation must be conducted regularly consolidating and taking into consideration students' and teachers' insights and suggestions among other areas of the curriculum. [Note: The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year for this article is 2023.]

This paper reports on curriculum analysis of climate change expectations in Canada's provincial curricula. The research is focused on curriculum policy in Canadian provinces; however, it pertains to an international audience as Article 12 of the Paris Agreement, the international treaty on climate mitigation, adaptation and finance, calls for signatories to "enhance climate change education," and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) have called for environmental education to be a core curriculum component by 2025, which will require all countries to evaluate and improve their curricula globally. Curriculum policy within Canada has not yet been aligned with these policy calls, and our analysis showed fractured and uneven inclusion of climate change. Data findings present explicit climate change education curriculum expectations for each province according to grade, subject, and mandatory versus elective courses. The review shows uneven inclusion of climate change topics, themes, and units within grade 7-12 curricula, with most expectations occurring in elective senior secondary courses. A second level of analysis with a ranking tool indicates shallow inclusion. The paper concludes with recommendations for addressing gaps.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) rapidly have become more common in biology laboratory courses. The effort to implement CUREs has stimulated attempts to differentiate CUREs from other types of laboratory teaching. The Laboratory Course Assessment Survey (LCAS) was developed to measure students' perceptions of how frequently they participate in activities related to iteration, discovery, broader relevance, and collaboration in their laboratory courses. The LCAS has been proposed as an instrument that can be used to define whether a laboratory course fits the criteria for a CURE or not. However, the threshold LCAS scores needed to define a course as a CURE are unclear. As a result, we examined variation in published LCAS scores among different laboratory course types. In addition, we examined the distribution of LCAS scores for students enrolled in our research-for-credit course. Overall, we found substantial variation in scores among CUREs and broad overlap among course types in scores related to all three scales measured by the LCAS. Furthermore, the mean LCAS scores for all course types fell within the main part of the distribution of scores for our mentored research students. These results suggest that the LCAS cannot be used to easily quantify whether a course is a CURE or not. We propose that the biology education community needs to move beyond trying to quantitatively identify whether a course is a CURE. Instead, we should use tools like the LCAS to investigate what students are actually doing in their laboratory courses and how those activities impact student outcomes.

This qualitative study looked at Wilhelm Schmid's concept of the Art of Living (AoL) in relation to the current New Zealand Curriculum (NZC) and Te Whariki. The methodology included a brief content analysis of both Te Whariki and the NZC in relation to relevant knowledge areas and skills for the development of an AoL, as well as interviews of three participants to provide empirical data. From the participant data, four key themes emerged: support from parents; need for practical aspects within the curriculum(s); post-secondary school guidance; and positive working experiences. The overall findings suggest that Te Whariki places a large emphasis on the relationships between kaiako, whanau and tamariki, relating to theme one. It was also found that the NZC could provide more opportunities for practical life skills to be included in the curriculum, as well as providing clearer instruction on how to implement effective careers education and other knowledge areas and thinking skills relevant for students to develop their own art of living.

Education curricula are programs that include topics for students' academic achievement and individual development. Geography curricula cover many subjects such as physical, human, economic and environmental issues. In this study, the economic geography contents of Turkey and Turkmenistan high school geography curricula were compared in the study. Firstly, the content of 10th, 11th and 12th grades in the geography programs of both countries was investigated and evaluated. The study is qualitative in nature as it is mainly based on document analysis. Economic geography topics in geography programs according to grade levels were examined and the similarities and differences between the economic geography subjects in the geography programs of both countries were determined. In both countries, economic geography subjects are included in the 12-year compulsory education, especially after the 10th grade. Moreover, both programs include economic geography topics from a local to global scale.

This study aims to evaluate mathematics curriculum used in social sciences high schools' preparatory classes based on Stufflebeam (CIPP) evaluation model in terms of context, input, process and product dimensions. With this aim, this study seeks to answer "How is preparatory class mathematics curriculum (PCMC) evaluated in terms of its context, input, process and products?" from the viewpoint of teachers and students. Case study method which is one of qualitative research methods is used in this study. The study is carried out in the first term of 2021-2022 academic year in a social sciences high school which uses National Ministry of Education's curriculum. Participants of the study are 65 students and four mathematics teachers. Mathematics achievement test and interview forms are used as data gathering tools. The results of the study revealed that both teachers and students have critical views of context, input, process and product dimensions of the curriculum; however, the criticisms intensify in process and product dimensions of the curriculum. Another finding of the study is that specific conditions of schools and characteristics of students and teachers have a major impact on commitment to curriculum, teaching-learning processes and learning outcomes. Some recommendations are made for implementers and researchers based on the findings of the study. [This article includes an extended summary in Turkish.]

The DepEd Order No. 41, s. 2017 catapulted the implementation of the Arabic Language and Islamic Values Education (ALIVE) Program. However, since its inception, there is a dearth of professional literature on a coherent sociological understanding of Muslim education in the Philippines. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the implementation challenges of the ALIVE program employing sociological perspectives. The study utilized a qualitative research method anchored on Case Study Research Model. Five ALIVE implementers in Metro Manila were part of the research participants. A thematic analysis was initiated and triangulation of data was employed from relevant data sources. The analysis results showed several challenges faced by the select ALIVE schools: The intended curriculum lacks appreciation of the approaches and evaluation of student learning. The scarcity of learning spaces was evident. In teaching, most of the "Asatidz" or Madrasah teachers require enhancement of their pedagogical competence. The cultural variance among Muslims is still evident, especially in non-Muslim communities. The findings indicate that there is a need to create deliberate plans to achieve the intended learning outcomes of the ALIVE Program. Given the various gaps and challenges identified in this study, there is a necessity to evaluate the program at the grassroots. In conclusion, maximizing and strengthening the participation of the various stakeholders and different sectors in society is imperative in the development and sustainability of Muslim education programs in the Philippines.

This study aimed to assess the reading curriculum in Philippine basic education. It specifically focused on determining the reading competencies, the approaches in reading instruction and assessments before and during COVID-19, and the alignment of the written and intended to the implemented and assessed curriculum. This qualitative research employed the following data gathering techniques: document analysis, online focus group discussion, and constructive alignment checklist. Findings reveal that the basic education curriculum includes reading competencies categorized into text processing and task management competencies. In terms of the reading levels, it was found that there are more instructional readers than independent readers in basic education. Further, a number of students from different year levels, including in the secondary level, were also found to be non-readers. Regarding the approaches to reading instruction and assessment, the approaches were more extensive, varied, and teacher-directed before the COVID-19 pandemic involving class and group dynamics, while in the new normal, teachers employed self-paced/independent reading using printed modules and a few digital reading resources. Finally, the curriculum assessment reveals that there is generally a low alignment between the written, assessed, and delivered curriculum in reading. This implies that there are learning outcomes specified in the K-12 curriculum guide that have not been processed and assessed by teachers.

Mathematics Education in South Africa continues to face complex, multifaceted challenges, but as data from this study show, there is reason for hope. The Western Cape Education Department recently implemented the Green Shoots Maths Curriculum Online (MCO) program in 500 of its primary schools. An ABC classification of affective, behavioural, and cognitive learning gain was used to analyse the learning gain for learners, parents, and teachers who use the Green Shoots Maths Curriculum Online (MCO) program. As part of a larger longitudinal Education Design Research project, data in this study were produced through self-reported surveys, MCO usage data, Grade 6 learners' assessment results, and project documentation. Benefits from technology interventions such as the MCO project, tend to be unevenly distributed between resource-rich and resource-poor schools. Findings from this study however indicate that the learning gains for learners, parents and teachers were distributed across all types of schools since learners, parents, and teachers in all these contexts are accessing and using the program. The results from the study may benefit policymakers and education departments who wish to roll out similar programmes, school, and district leaders who manage short and long-term implementations, and teachers and learners wanting to use comparable programs such as this.

This research aims to reveal trends on social inequality in curriculum studies based on the studies carried out between 2014-2019 in the international literature. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out. Some criteria have been specified for the systematic literature review to determine the journals and articles to be analyzed within the research purpose and questions. In line with the determined criteria, the Scopus database was searched, and 262 curriculum studies reached as a result of the scanning were examined within the scope of addressing social inequalities. A detailed analysis was carried out on 63 studies included in terms of the data source, the design, which inequality and curriculum dimension the studies focused on, and their purposes. Descriptive and interpretive codes coded the remaining data on the text document. As a result of the research, the social inequality and curriculum dimensions addressed in the studies, the purpose of addressing those and the data sources and research designs used to reflect social inequalities were presented.

Amid a growing national debate regarding the current health and future direction of the history curriculum in Britain, there have been numerous calls for an examination of its roles and purposes, and questions have been raised as to how far it engages an increasingly diverse student body. This article examines the perceptions and attitudes of students towards the history curriculum within the context of one secondary school in south-east England through an exploratory case study. The findings draw upon research undertaken with Year 9 students, through 105 completed questionnaires, and through focus group interviews conducted with 12 participants. Thematic analysis suggests that, although students very much value learning about British history, they would prefer a curriculum with a wider focus which incorporates broader global studies. Although the environment offered by the case study is not particularly socially diverse, there is evidence that some groups of students desire greater curriculum reform and inclusivity. As a case study, the results are not intended to be generalised outside of context, but merely to provide points of discussion regarding an area in which prior research has been somewhat limited.

Teacher training undergraduate programs are of great importance in the training of qualified and well-equipped teachers. Within the scope of this research, 1998, 2006 and 2018 music education undergraduate programs were examined in line with the content of the field education, vocational knowledge, general culture courses and the opinions of the instructors. In this research, which aims to examine the 1998, 2006 and 2018 Council of Higher Education (YÖK) music teaching programs, qualitative method was followed and case study model was used. The study group of the research consists of academicians who provide education within the 1998, 2006 and 2018 YÖK music education programs and have a command of all three programs. Of these academics, 20 were contacted via e-mail and phone, and 11 academicians volunteered to participate in the study. The data obtained in terms of instructor opinions were analyzed by content analysis technique. Based on the findings of the research, it was concluded that the content knowledge, vocational knowledge and general culture courses of the 1998, 2006 and 2018 curricula differed in terms of course hours, course periods and number of courses, and that the 2018 curriculum was insufficient in terms of field education courses compared to the 1998 and 2006 curriculum.

This article evaluates Make it Happen Summer School according to Bernstein's writing on classification, framing, and recontextualisation. The project was a collaboration between a university and an Arts Council England National Portfolio Organisation (NPO) that aimed to develop a curriculum for creative practitioners so they could learn to propose successful socially-engaged arts projects for funding and commissions. NPOs are arts organisations that are funded by the UK Government and the UK's National Lottery via the Arts Council England. This article draws upon quantitative and qualitative data collected in relation to this project to evaluate the curriculum and pedagogy. In order to do this, models developed from Bernstein's work guide the analysis of the findings. It was found that while many gained powerful knowledge from the project, some did not. The processes of recontextualisation demonstrated how ideologies based on accountability and performativity shaped the curriculum reflecting the depoliticisation of socially-engaged practice.

Pakistan is a country with insufficient educational resources. The formal educational system is unable to cater to the educational needs of the growing population. A great number of school-going children were out-of-school or dropped out and the majority was those who could not attend formal schooling due to some issues. Non-Formal Education (NFE) is an alternative approach to cater to the needs of education. But only enrolling out-of-school children in schools is not enough for them. They also need to be equipped with the skills necessary to survive in the modern world. Pehli Kiran Schools initiative claims to engage street connected children in learning 21st-century skills. The study aimed to explore the relevance of curriculum, provision of quality education, and the role of administration and teachers in keeping street-connected children motivated in the classrooms. It was qualitative research followed by a case study design. The research includes eight schools (all) involving their principals as a participant and their curriculum document employed at Pehli Kiran Schools. Framework for content analysis and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis and content analysis of different components of the curriculum of class five helped to draw conclusion. It was found these NFE schools had fewer physical and human resources. It was very difficult to create a conducive environment for learning in harsh weather conditions. But despite a lot of challenges, they were trying their level best to deliver a high-quality education within a limited budget and resources. For the development of 21st-century skills, the curriculum was found relevant. It was recommended that furniture should be available for students. Math clubs, spelling bees, and inter-school competitions should be introduced to develop teamwork, collaboration, and critical thinking among street-connected children.

This article showcases an example of a large-scale open educational resource (OER) statistics course redesign at Guttman Community College from evaluation, creation, and development. It highlights ways I identified students' needs and responded to them, integrated equity into the OER design by describing how social justice principles were applied, as well as explicit examples of integration of culturally and locally relevant content in the design. This practical illustration of a course redesign is significant due to the lack of literature available on creating culturally and locally relevant and responsive OER. It is the hope that this example will encourage and inform the development of other such relevant and responsive OER projects to promote equity within open education.

The primary aim of this paper is to present the key elements that characterise online course design, addressing the process of designing, implementing, and evaluating an online course for Bachelor's degree students that focuses on developing their academic writing skills. These skills are essential for university students as they provide the knowledge necessary to express themselves effectively, analyse texts, think critically, cite correctly, and avoid plagiarism. Academic writing is also the foundation for responsible research practice. The Research Integrity Competency Profile Model, which includes four main areas, namely values and principles, research practice, publication and dissemination, and violations, was created prior to the design of the course and the skills students need to acquire at the Bachelor's level for successful academic writing were identified. A small private online course was carefully designed in 2020. It consisted of a variety of assignments, including interactive elements such as quizzes, videos, and work in international interdisciplinary groups. The participants of the course were 36 students from Slovenia, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic. The course lasted four weeks and covered topics such as literature analysis, writing a research paper, avoiding plagiarism, paraphrasing, and citation styles, among others. The course was launched in 2021 for two consecutive instances. The participating students evaluated the course positively, describing the assignments as motivating, useful, and well-structured. However, they concluded that they need more practice in this area, and we suggest that a university course be established to provide all students with the necessary academic writing skills.

Social justice is a critical component of many of the helping disciplines. Similar goals govern these different disciplines, which are reflected in the scholarship of their professional training. However, the crossover in scholarship is limited. This review of social justice andragogy literature from various fields in the United States creates a conversation among these helping disciplines so that they may be able to learn from each other. From these separate realms of scholarship, the authors have derived terms and recommendations of what these disciplines may learn from one another through their shared obstacles and through processing of their work.

In course design, topic outline organization encompasses the structuring and sequencing of topics to be delivered in a learning environment. Recent studies in topic outline optimization revolve around massive open online courses (MOOCs) due to their abundance but not much has been studied on the traditional courses. This study investigates the organization of topic outlines in traditional introductory programming courses across Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) and evaluates the viability of the synthesized alternative topic outlines. Course syllabi were collected from 16 HEIs. A topic precedence graph (TPG) model that provides a structured overview of the introductory programming was created via a semi-supervised pairwise constrained k-means (PCK-Means) clustering to structure the topics which produced 20 topic clusters with strong topic cohesion within the clusters. The TPG showed that HEIs tend to start the outline similarly, followed by core programming topics with varied sequences, and divergent ways of ending the outline. Two anomaly clusters were identified as having topic titles grouped that do not seem to have a unifying topic. Limitations of the clustering algorithm are identified where it cannot identify semantic meaning between words which may affect its applicability in situations where topic titles are named inconsistently. From the TPG, alternative optimal and comprehensive topic outlines were synthesized via greedy and DFS graph traversal algorithms. However, these alternative outlines performed very poorly when compared with the evaluators' (n=19) arrangement of topic outlines due to some prerequisite topics being discussed in the latter part already. Overall, this study introduces a method to incorporate computer science technologies in structuring topics across HEIs and aiding educators in topic outline design but more research is needed before it can be implemented in a real classroom setting.

Monitoring and supporting teachers in the classroom, as well as the implementation of curriculum changes, pose problems in South Africa. This is due to an array of challenges such as a lack of resources, communication barriers within the Department of Basic Education (DBE) as well as a lack of proper infrastructure. In the research reported on here we investigated the challenges that curriculum advisors in the Vhembe-West district face and provides insight into some of their daily challenges. This could assist the international platform, especially as developing countries and other Third World Countries can benefit from the outcomes of this research. A qualitative research approach was used where 12 interviews were conducted with curriculum advisors in the Vhembe-West district. The interview questions were e-mailed to them beforehand so that they could familiarise themselves with the questions to be answered. Within a period of 2 weeks thereafter, interviews were conducted and recorded for analysis on Zoom or Microsoft Teams. The data were grouped and are presented in 5 different themes with the aim of highlighting the challenges as well as providing recommendations to deal with the challenges that curriculum advisors experience. The data reveal that curriculum advisors experience that they receive minimal support from their superiors and that the resources at their disposal also prove to be minimal. This study highlights the lack of resources, insufficient infrastructure, and lack of effective communication from management needed for proper curriculum implementation at schools.

This study aimed to carry out a meta-evaluation of the curriculum evaluation research studies conducted in K12 schooling levels between 2004 and 2022 in Turkey based on the Joint Committee's standards for educational evaluation to present an overview of the evaluation studies and enhance understanding of evaluation. Through a systematic review, 42 studies were included in the meta-evaluation. The data were collected through a descriptive matrix and a meta-evaluation checklist and were analyzed through document analysis. The findings revealed that most of the eligible articles were published between 2018-2022. Most studies focused on primary and secondary education, and only a few of them dwelled upon preschool education. Among the studies, Mathematics and English are the most evaluated courses. Moreover, data were often gathered from one or two data sources, such as teachers and students, through qualitative research designs and without referring to any evaluation models. Besides, curriculum evaluation research studies made recommendations regarding practice and further research and mainly focused on including stakeholders, in-service training, and curriculum development and evaluation. As for the data gathered through the meta-evaluation checklist, the results showed that most articles demonstrated more than half of the indicators stated in the items of the checklist. While utility seemed to be a successful area for the articles evaluated, feasibility and accuracy criteria were not fully met, and most articles did not refer the propriety criteria. In line with the findings, the evaluation studies need to be planned in a way to provide a more complete and deeper understanding of the evaluated curricula by considering its complexities. [This article includes an extended summary in Turkish.]

The purpose of this research aimed to study develop a curriculum and evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum for learning design promoting sexuality education awareness. The sample used in the research consisted of 8 high school teachers from 8 subject groups in semester 1 of the academic year 2022 at Kowit Thamrong School, Chiang Mai. The research tools consisted of courses and user manuals, as well as a teacher competency assessment form and Satisfaction Survey Form. The data were analyzed by finding the mean and standard deviation. Together with the content analysis, Analysis data by Descriptive statistics and Content Analysis. The research results were found as follows; (1.) The training curriculum development model to promote teachers' awareness of sexuality education consisted of 4 components: (1) curriculum principles, (2) objectives, (3) curriculum development process, and (4) measurement and evaluation. (2.) During the curriculum assessment, it was established that educators had a dual focus. Firstly, they concentrated on facilitating learning methods that highlighted effective educational approaches (2.1). Secondly, they required a learning design that emphasized observation (2.2). This approach aligns with an educational model wherein curriculum development nurtures learners to comprehend the model in terms of perspective and efficiency.