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Background: During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster, controlled burning was conducted to remove oil from the water. Workers near combustion sites were potentially exposed to increased fine particulate matter [with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to] 2.5 [micro]m (P[M.sub.2.5])] levels. Exposure to P[M.sub.2.5] has been linked to decreased lung function, but to our knowledge, no study has examined exposure encountered in an oil spill cleanup. Objective: We investigated the association between estimated P[M.sub.2.5] only from burning/flaring of oil/gas and lung function measured 1-3 y after the DWH disaster. Methods: We included workers who participated in response and cleanup activities on the water during the DWH disaster and had lung function measured at a subsequent home visit (n = 2,316). P[M.sub.2.5] concentrations were estimated using a Gaussian plume dispersion model and linked to work histories via a job-exposure matrix. We evaluated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; milliliters), forced vital capacity (FVC; milliliters), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC; %) in relation to average and cumulative daily maximum exposures using multivariable linear regressions. Results: We observed significant exposure-response trends associating higher cumulative daily maximum P[M.sub.2.5] exposure with lower FEV1 (p-trend = 0.04) and FEV1/FVC (p-trend = 0.01). In comparison with the referent group (workers not involved in or near the burning), those with higher cumulative exposures had lower FEV1 [-166.8 mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -337.3, 3.7] and FEV1/FVC (-1.7, 95% CI: -3.6, 0.2). We also saw nonsignificant reductions in FVC (high vs. referent: -120.9, 95% CI: -319.4, 77.6; p-trend = 0.36). Similar associations were seen for average daily maximum P[M.sub.2.5] exposure. Inverse associations were also observed in analyses stratified by smoking and time from exposure to spirometry and when we restricted to workers without prespill lung disease. Conclusions: Among oil spill workers, exposure to P[M.sub.2.5] specifically from controlled burning of oil/gas was associated with significantly lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC when compared with workers not involved in burning. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8930, Introduction The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster was the largest marine oil spill in U.S. history (National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling 2011). An [...]

Our study is an exploratory examination of Indigenous self-identification within families using triads of biological mothers, fathers, and children. This study investigates whether individuals select the same response to the Indigenous identification question as their biological parents and what leads to 'matches' or 'mismatches' in Indigenous self-identification between parents and children. Using 18 waves of Australian household panel data, we observe three main findings. First, when mothers' and fathers' identification responses are mixed, children's self-identifications are more varied, but still tend toward Indigenous rather than non-Indigenous (hypodescent). Second, mothers' identification responses are particularly important for predicting children's self-identification. Children of Indigenous mothers are likely to select an Indigenous identification regardless of their fathers' identification; this is less often the case for children with Indigenous fathers and non-Indigenous mothers. Third, we find some association between measures of socioeconomic background and children's Indigenous self-identification net of parental identification. Our findings are relevant to discussions of ethnic and Indigenous identity within families and across generations. Furthermore, because we observe self-identification of biological parents and children, we extend previous work on the classification of multiracial children which typically relies on parents' classifications of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster led to the largest ever marine oil spill. Individuals who worked on the spill were exposed to toxicants and stressors that could lead to adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: The GuLF STUDY was designed to investigate relationships between oil spill exposures and multiple potential physical and mental health effects. METHODS: Participants were recruited by telephone from lists of individuals who worked on the oil spill response and clean-up or received safety training. Enrollment interviews between 2011 and 2013 collected information about spill-related activities, demographics, lifestyle, and health. Exposure measurements taken during the oil spill were used with questionnaire responses to characterize oil exposures of participants. Participants from Gulf states completed a home visit in which biological and environmental samples, anthropometric and clinical measurements, and additional health and lifestyle information were collected. Participants are being followed for changes in health status. RESULTS: Thirty-two thousand six hundred eight individuals enrolled in the cohort, and 11,193 completed a home visit. Most were young (56.2% [less than or equal to] 45 years of age), male (80.8%), lived in a Gulf state (82.3%), and worked at least 1 day on the oil spill (76.5%). Workers were involved in response (18.0%), support operations (17.5%), clean-up on water (17.4%) or land (14.6%), decontamination (14.3%), and administrative support (18.3%). Using an ordinal job exposure matrix, 45% had maximum daily total hydrocarbon exposure levels [greater than or equal to] 1.0 ppm. CONCLUSIONS: The GuLF STUDY provides a unique opportunity to study potential adverse health effects from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill., Introduction The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) drilling rig explosion in April 2010 resulted in the largest marine oil spill in U.S. history (National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill [...]

BACKGROUND: During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster, controlled burning was conducted to remove oil from the water. Workers near combustion sites were potentially exposed to increased fine particulate matter [with aerodynamic diameter =2.5µm (PM[sub 2.5])] levels. Exposure to PM[sub 2.5] has been linked to decreased lung function, but to our knowledge, no study has examined exposure encountered in an oil spill cleanup. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between estimated PM[sub 2.5] only from burning/flaring of oil/gas and lung function measured 1–3 y after the DWH disaster. METHODS: We included workers who participated in response and cleanup activities on the water during the DWH disaster and had lung function measured at a subsequent home visit (푛=2,316). PM[sub 2.5] concentrations were estimated using a Gaussian plume dispersion model and linked to work histories via a job-exposure matrix. We evaluated forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; milliliters), forced vital capacity (FVC; milliliters), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC; %) in relation to average and cumulative daily maximum exposures using multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS: We observed significant exposure–response trends associating higher cumulative daily maximum PM[sub 2.5] exposure with lower FEV1 (푝-trend=0.04) and FEV1/FVC (푝-trend=0.01). In comparison with the referent group (workers not involved in or near the burning), those with higher cumulative exposures had lower FEV1 [-166.8mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -337.3, 3.7] and FEV1/FVC (-1.7, 95% CI: -3.6, 0.2). We also saw nonsignificant reductions in FVC (high vs. referent: -120.9, 95% CI: -319.4, 77.6; 푝-trend=0.36). Similar associations were seen for average daily maximum PM[sub 2.5] exposure. Inverse associations were also observed in analyses stratified by smoking and time from exposure to spirometry and when we restricted to workers without prespill lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among oil spill workers, exposure to PM[sub 2.5] specifically from controlled burning of oil/gas was associated with significantly lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC when compared with workers not involved in burning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]