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Purpose Agricultural management as tillage systems and manure application can contribute effectively to controlling physical surface crusts (SCs), improving the soil’s technical characteristics and germination rates. While agronomic practices are generally applied to winter wheat fields in southern Iraq, no previous study has explored their impact in combination with SCs and soil physical attributes on wheat productivity (WP) under different soil textures. Materials and methods The impact of different agronomic management practices on the formation of soil physical surface crusts (SCs), soil compaction (measured by soil penetration resistance, SPR), soil volumetric water content (VWC), soil bulk density (ρb), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), and WP was examined in two soil textures (clay loam, clay) during 2020 and 2022. Experimental data were subjected to an identical and randomized complete block design (RCBD) under a nested-factorial experimental design, where nine treatments with three replicates each were selected. This included three tillage practices (conventional tillage system (CT), till-plant (TP), and rotational tillage (NTCT)), alongside a sub-treatment with organic fertilizers (cattle manure (CF), and wheat straw (WR)), or without added fertilizer (WT). Results and discussion Results showed that CT treatment increased SCs during wheat growth stages by significantly increasing aggregate stability. A significant difference in ρb and SPR and a higher distribution of VWC were seen under CT treatment when compared to TP and NTCT treatments. TP treatment showed a significantly increased in SPR and ρb, particularly in clay loam. The MWD under TP and NTCT was significantly different to CT treatment, which may be explained by an increase in soil stability due to their management practices. Additionally, both organic fertilizers (CF and WR) significantly enhanced SCs, SPR, VWC, ρb, MWD, and WP. Conclusions These data showed a strong relationship between SCs and ρb and between VWC and SPR, which are directly affected by the soil’s water content.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asw-10.1177_11786221221128789 for Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Crop Residues Management in Corn-Wheat Rotation Under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems by Morad Mirzaei, Manouchehr Gorji Anari, Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Mohammad Zaman, Nermina Saronjic, Safwan Mohammed, Szilard Szabo and Andrés Caballero-Calvo in Air, Soil and Water Research

A Guillermo García-Méndez-Villamil, por su apoyo en campo y conocimientos relacionados con los cultivos subtropicales; a José María González-Moreno como tutor de las prácticas de máster de AUTOR1 en IFAPA, Churriana y los datos facilitados del análisis de suelos. El manejo del suelo es un tema clave para la correcta conservación del territorio, que permite contribuir al cuidado del medioambiente y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. Su gestión poco sostenible, debido al uso de herbicidas, el laboreo o la intensificación de las plantaciones, dificulta la compleción de dichas metas. En la costa meridional de la Península Ibérica, en las provincias de Málaga, Granada y Almería, la sustitución de especies tradicionales (olivar, vid y almendro) por cultivos subtropicales está generando una desestabilización del suelo poco estudiada. El objetivo de esta investigación es el estudio exhaustivo de las condiciones del suelo utilizando perfiles y descripciones edáficas junto con análisis de suelo. El área de estudio es una parcela experimental en el Valle del Guadalhorce (Málaga) con cultivos de aguacate, mango y mandarinos. Los resultados muestran la degradación del perfil del suelo en todos sus horizontes y la pérdida de propiedades como consecuencia de un modelo de gestión poco sostenible. Esto repercute en la calidad de la producción y en la productividad. Son necesarias medidas de control de la degradación, no solo a nivel parcelario, si no a nivel regional para que dicho problema no se traslade a una mayor escala en el territorio. Soil management is a key issue for the correct conservation of the land, which allows us to guarantee the care of the environment and guarantee the food security of the population. However, unsustainable management due to the use of herbicides, tillage and intensification of plantations are difficulting this task. On the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, in the provinces of Malaga, Granada and Almería, the introduction of subtropical crops as a replacement for other traditional species (olive groves, grapevines and almonds) is generating a destabilization of the soil, to date little studied. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to carry out an exhaustive study of soil conditions using soil profiles and descriptions together with soil analysis, considering an experimental plot in the Guadalhorce Valley (Malaga) as the study area with avocado, mango and mandarin crops. The results show how the degradation of the soil profile in all its horizons and properties after unsustainable management is intense. This will affect the quality of production and productivity. Therefore, degradation control measures are necessary, not only at the parcel level, but also at the regional level so that this problem does not spread to a larger scale in the territory.

This research demonstrates that the labour market mechanisms can profoundly influence the ways in which religion in understood and practiced in migratory contexts. Multiple studies, from diverse geographical contexts, show that migrants are often overrepresented in specific occupations. This paper, based on a case study of the kichwa otavalo, an indigenous population from Northern Ecuador, indicates that the concentration in one occupational niche can lead to the development of what we have called “segmented religiosity”. The results of the qualitative research conducted in the South of Spain demonstrate that religious life in emigration cannot be properly understood without the longitudinal analysis of socioeconomic and political conditions that affect the insertion of migrants in the destination contexts. It is argued that, in spite of static conceptualization of religion, collective religious meanings and practices can change in a very short period of time in response to the requirements of the labour market. La presente investigación muestra cómo el mercado laboral puede marcar profundamente las maneras en las que la religión es comprendida y practicada en el contexto migratorio. En la actualidad existen evidencias empíricas sólidas que indican que en diversos países de destino la población migrante, con frecuencia, se ve sobrerrepresentada en nichos laborales específicos. Este estudio, partiendo desde el análisis de caso de los kichwa otavalo, una población indígena del norte de Ecuador, revela cómo dicha concentración laboral puede plasmarse en el desarrollo de lo que denominamos la “religiosidad segmentada”. Los resultados de la investigación cualitativa, realizada en el sur de España, evidencian que la comprensión de la vida religiosa en la emigración no puede llevarse a cabo sin el análisis longitudinal de los condicionantes socioeconómicos y políticos que repercuten en la inserción de los migrantes en los contextos de acogida.

La comprensión de las tensiones sociales y políticas actuales genera un renovado interés en el estudio de los procesos de construcción identitaria. Sin embargo, el concepto de “identidad”, pese a su gran presencia en los discursos públicos, sigue siendo afectado por una profunda ambigüedad definitoria que limita su utilidad analítica y dificulta la transferencia de conocimiento de las investigaciones científicas que pudieran contribuir a debates informados en el ámbito público. El presente artículo, en base a la revisión de estudios existentes, aboga por la conceptualización de la identidad como un proceso multidimensional. La elaboración teórica sobre los mecanismos de construcción identitaria lleva a plantear cinco precauciones principales a considerar a la hora establecer relaciones entre las categorías identitarias y las pautas sociales. Se realiza una reflexión sobre la necesidad de combinar el antiesencialismo analítico con el estudio de los esencialismos cotidianos y sus implicaciones. The understanding of present social and political tensions generates a renewed interest in the study of identity construction processes. However, the concept of “identity”, despite its wide presence in the public discourses, remains profoundly affected by ambiguity in terms of its definition. This limits its analytical usage and hinders the dissemination of the findings of scientific research that could contribute to creating informed debates in the public domain. The present paper, based on the review of existing studies, argues for a conceptualization of identity that defines it as a multidimensional process. The theoretical discussion concerning the main mechanisms of identity construction leads us to propose five precautions which should be taken into account when analysing the relation between identity categories and social patterns. Finally, we reflect on the necessity of combining analytical anti-essentialism with the study of everyday essentialisms and their implications.

The coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla in the Atlántico Department (Colombia) is experiencing changes in human-environment interactions through infrastructure, residential, and tourism projects in a vulnerable landscape. In the hilly area, fragments of biodiverse tropical dry forest still exist in various states of conservation and degradation. To understand the interrelated social, economic, and ecological transformations in the area, we analyzed land use change on the local scale including the local community’s perception, because the local community is a key actor for sustainable land use. For the analysis of the interrelated social, economic, and ecological processes, we combined visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, on-site field land use mapping, and a spatial statistical analysis of the distribution of land use classes with in-depth interviews and a participatory GIS workshop, thus benefitting from the complementary methodological strengths of these approaches. The case study is the rural community of El Morro, which exhibits the typical social, economic, and ecological changes of the coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla. The local community perceives a continuous loss of forest area, but observations from on-site field mapping cannot confirm this linear trend. We observed a gradual replacement of traditional land uses such as smallholder agriculture, charcoal production, and cattle breeding by services for tourism, gated community projects for urban dwellers, and infrastructure projects; these spatial developments have several characteristics of rural gentrification. We conclude that the drivers of environmental degradation have changed and the degradation increased. The development projects of external companies have been rejected by the local community and have induced environmental consciousness among community members. Thus, the local community has become an advocate for sustainable land use in the study area.

En esta investigación hemos querido centrarnos en el análisis del paisaje “tal como lo percibe la población”. La componente formal del paisaje y los cambios que esta experimenta nos interesan en sí mismos en tanto que afectan a valores clave de los Espacios Naturales Protegidos, pero también en la medida en que la imagen aporta toda una serie de indicios que nos informan sobre la estructura del complejo de relaciones históricas y presentes de las sociedades con su medio. La imagen paisajística contiene además toda una serie de información sobre los procesos naturales y socioeconómicos que tienen lugar en un territorio concreto y que influyen en el estado de los ecosistemas y en el modelo de ordenación socioterritorial del espacio. Hemos optado pues por un Observatorio que opera a partir de la mirada fotográfica. La fotografía tomada a ras de suelo como herramienta de análisis del paisaje ha sido utilizada ya desde el siglo XIX y en este trabajo se pretende profundizar en su potencial como vía de investigación para ampliar el conocimiento acerca del modelo evolutivo que muestran los paisajes, poniendo en marcha un procedimiento de captación sistemática de la secuencia temporal., Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física, Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU - AP2010 - 4959) del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte.