246 results on '"Caballero-Gómez, Javier"'
Search Results
2. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in exotic pets in Spain
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Cano-Terriza, David, Fernández-Bastit, Leira, Vergara-Alert, Júlia, Váquez-Calero, Daniel B., Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Segalés, Joaquim
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- 2025
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3. Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
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Barbero-Moyano, Jesús, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Gonzálvez, Moisés, Martínez, Remigio, Moreno, Inmaculada, Berriatua, Eduardo, Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta, Paniagua, Jorge, Fernández-Veron, Isabel, del Rey-Wamba, María Teresa, Crespo, Elena, Montoya-Oliver, Juan I., Salcedo, Javier, Risalde, Maria A., and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2025
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4. Monitoring of Coxiella burnetii in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
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Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Muñoz-Hernández, Clara, Moraga-Fernández, Alberto, Fernández-Verón, Isabel, Contreras, Marinela, Baz-Flores, Sara, del Rey, Teresa, Crespo, Elena, Montoya-Oliver, Ignacio, Salcedo, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Fernández de Mera, Isabel G.
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- 2024
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5. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with Sarcoptes scabiei in wild lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems
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Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Iglesias, Natalia, Casais, Rosa, Cano-Terriza, David, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Barbero-Moyano, Jesús, Camacho-Sillero, Leonor, Rouco, Carlos, and Caballero-Gómez, Javier
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- 2024
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6. Identification and characterization of a novel circovirus in Iberian lynx in Spain
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Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Vasinioti, Violetta Iris, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Pellegrini, Francesco, Salvaggiulo, Anna, Odigie, Amienwanlen Eugene, Diakoudi, Georgia, Camero, Michele, Decaro, Nicola, Martella, Vito, and Lanave, Gianvito
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- 2024
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7. Prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in commercial swine food products from Spain
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López-López, Pedro, Risalde, María A., Casares-Jiménez, María, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Martín-Gómez, Andrés, Martínez-Blasco, Javier, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Frías, Mario, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Gómez-Villamandos, José C., Rivero, Antonio, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
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- 2024
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8. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with Paslahepevirus balayani in equines in Europe
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Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Cano-Terriza, David, Fajardo, Tomás, Buono, Francesco, Jose-Cunilleras, Eduard, García, Jesús, Alguacil, Eduardo, Rivero, Antonio, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2023
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9. Monitoring the epidemic of West Nile virus in equids in Spain, 2020–2021
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Gonzálvez, Moisés, Franco, Juan J., Barbero-Moyano, Jesús, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Ruano, María J., Martínez, Remigio, Cano-Terriza, David, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2023
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10. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports
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Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Frias, Mario, Perez-Jimenez, Ana Belén, Freyre-Carrillo, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramirez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2023
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11. Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus Infection in Iberian Lynxes.
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Diakoudi, Georgia, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Di Martino, Barbara, Di Profio, Federica, Sarchese, Vittorio, Pellegrini, Francesco, Lanave, Gianvito, Decaro, Nicola, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Martella, Vito
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CATS ,HEPATITIS B virus ,LYNX ,ENDANGERED species ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
We conducted a survey for domestic cat hepadnavirus, an analog of human hepatitis B virus, in the endangered felid species Iberian lynx. Results revealed specific antibodies in 32.3% of serum samples and DNA in 0.5% of available liver samples. Phylogenetically, the virus segregated apart from other Europe strains of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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12. Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig
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Casares-Jimenez, Maria, Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Frias, Mario, Perez-Hernando, Belen, Oluremi, Adeolu Sunday, Risalde, Maria A., Ruiz-Caceres, Inmaculada, Opaleye, Oluyinka Oladele, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2021
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13. Isocotoin suppresses hepatitis E virus replication through inhibition of heat shock protein 90
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Nimgaonkar, Ila, Archer, Nicholas F., Becher, Isabelle, Shahrad, Mohammad, LeDesma, Robert A., Mateus, André, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Berneshawi, Andrew R., Ding, Qiang, Douam, Florian, Gaska, Jenna M., Savitski, Mikhail M., Kim, Hahn, and Ploss, Alexander
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- 2021
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14. Exposure to West Nile Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems.
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Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, Bravo‐Barriga, Daniel, Llorente, Francisco, Cano‐Terriza, David, Jiménez‐Clavero, Miguel Ángel, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, Camacho‐Sillero, Leonor, and García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio
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EUROPEAN rabbit , *WEST Nile virus , *LAGOMORPHA , *VECTOR-borne diseases , *HARES , *RABBITS - Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Aim Methods Results Conclusions West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed mosquito‐borne flavivirus. Over the past decade, its spread across Europe has raised significant concerns for both public and animal health. Although WNV exposure has been evidenced in various wild mammal species in Spain, no seroepidemiological studies have been conducted on this flavivirus in wild lagomorphs so far.This study aimed to assess WNV exposure in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) populations inhabiting Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems.Sera from 540 wild lagomorphs (399 European wild rabbit and 141 Iberian hares), from 106 hunting grounds distributed throughout Andalusia (southern Spain), were collected between the 2018/2019 and 2022/2023 hunting seasons.Antibodies against flavivirus were detected by blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 5.0% (27/540; 95% CI: 3.2–6.8) of the wild lagomorphs. Exposure to WNV was confirmed in 4.8% (19/394; 95% CI: 2.7–6.9) of wild rabbits and 0.7% (1/141; 95% CI: 0.0–2.1) of Iberian hares by virus microneutralisation test. Anti‐WNV antibodies were found in wild lagomorphs sampled from three (2.8%) hunting grounds located in western Andalusia during the seasons 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Remarkably, this spatiotemporal distribution overlaps with the largest outbreak of WNV in Spain. Antibodies against Usutu virus and Bagaza virus were not detected in the wild lagomorph populations analysed.This study constitutes the first report of WNV exposure in wild rabbit in Spain and in Iberian hare worldwide. While these species seem not play a primary role in the epidemiology of the virus, they could serve as sentinel for monitoring WNV in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Francisella tularensis in Wild Lagomorphs in Southern Spain's Mediterranean Ecosystems.
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Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rejón-Segura, Salvador, Cano-Terriza, David, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Rouco, Carlos, Camacho-Sillero, Leonor, Arenas, Antonio, and Caballero-Gómez, Javier
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EUROPEAN rabbit ,LAGOMORPHA ,FRANCISELLA tularensis ,KEYSTONE species ,EVIDENCE gaps - Abstract
Simple Summary: Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a zoonotic bacterium that is a concern for public and animal health. However, although wild lagomorphs are considered important reservoirs of this bacterium and are keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula, very little is known about the epidemiological role of these species. To address this research gap, a cross-sectional study was carried out, between the 2017/2018 and 2022/2023 hunting seasons, to investigate the occurrence of F. tularensis in spleen samples from 774 European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and 178 Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) inhabiting Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems. None of the 952 wild lagomorphs sampled showed the presence of F. tularensis DNA. Our results indicate low-to-no circulation of F. tularensis in European wild rabbit and Iberian hare populations, suggesting a limited risk of transmission to other sympatric species, including humans, in southern Spain. Francisella tularensis is a vector-borne zoonotic bacterium that causes tularemia, a disease of great importance for animal and public health. Although wild lagomorphs are considered one of the major reservoirs of this bacterium, information about the circulation of F. tularensis in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) populations in Europe is still very limited. In Spain, F. tularensis is present in northern central regions, with recurrent outbreaks occurring annually. However, southern Spain has been neglected in terms of monitoring and research. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of F. tularensis in wild lagomorphs in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain through using molecular techniques. Spleen samples from 774 European wild rabbits and 178 Iberian hares were collected on 135 hunting grounds between the 2017/2018 and 2022/2023 hunting seasons. A primer set targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used for the detection of F. tularensis DNA. None of the 952 (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–0.4) wild lagomorphs sampled showed presence of F. tularensis DNA. Our finding indicates the absence or very low circulation of the bacterium in wild rabbit and Iberian hare populations in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain, denoting a limited risk of transmission of this pathogen from wild lagomorphs to other sympatric species, including human beings, in this Iberian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Bluetongue Virus in the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), 2010–2022.
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Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Sánchez-Sánchez, Marta, Lorca-Oró, Cristina, Fernández de Mera, Isabel G., Zorrilla, Irene, López, Guillermo, Rosell, Rosa, Grande-Gómez, Rebeca, Montoya-Oliver, Juan I., Salcedo, Javier, Paniagua, Jorge, Cano-Gómez, Cristina, Gonzálvez, Moisés, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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BLUETONGUE virus , *LYNX , *VIRUS diseases , *RUMINANTS , *SEROTYPES - Abstract
Clinical infection and death caused by bluetongue virus infection has been reported in the Eurasian lynx. Bluetongue virus surveillance in the Iberian lynx revealed widespread and repeated exposure to serotypes 1 and 4 in wild and captive populations of this species. This exposure is possibly from a spillover event from sympatric ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bluetongue virus in wild ruminants
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Díaz-Cao, José Manuel, Lorca-Oró, Cristina, Pujols, Joan, Cano-Terriza, David, de los Ángeles Risalde, María, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2020
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18. Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems
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Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, primary, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Martínez, Remigio, additional, Nadales‐Martín, Borja J., additional, Cano‐Terriza, David, additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, Remesar, Susana, additional, Jiménez‐Ruiz, Saúl, additional, Gómez‐Guillamón, Félix, additional, and García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2024
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19. Epidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suids, Spain
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Frías, Mario, primary, Fischer, Kerstin, additional, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Bost, Caroline, additional, Cano-Terriza, David, additional, Risalde, Maria Ángeles, additional, Acevedo, Pelayo, additional, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, additional, Sadeghi, Balal, additional, Groschup, Martin H., additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2024
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20. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in Spain
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Cano-Terriza, David, Almería, Sonia, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Dubey, Jitender P., and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2020
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21. Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain
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Matas Méndez, Pablo, Ávalos, Gabriel, Caballero Gómez, Javier, Dashti, Alejandro, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Jiménez Martín, Débora, González Barrio, David, Muñoz de Mier, Gemma J., Bailo Barroso, Begoña, Cano-Terriza, David, Mateo Barrientos, Marta, Nájera, Fernando, Xiao, Lihua, Köster, Pamela C., García Bocanegra, Ignacio, Carmena, David, Matas Méndez, Pablo, Ávalos, Gabriel, Caballero Gómez, Javier, Dashti, Alejandro, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Jiménez Martín, Débora, González Barrio, David, Muñoz de Mier, Gemma J., Bailo Barroso, Begoña, Cano-Terriza, David, Mateo Barrientos, Marta, Nájera, Fernando, Xiao, Lihua, Köster, Pamela C., García Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Carmena, David
- Abstract
Author Contributions: Conceptualisation, D.G.-B., M.M., I.G.-B. and D.C.; methodology, J.C.-G., S.C.-S., D.J.-M., D.G.-B., M.M., F.N. and D.C.; software, A.D., D.C.-T. and P.C.K.; validation, D.G.-B., M.M. and D.C.; formal analysis, P.M.-M., G.Á., J.C.-G., L.X., D.G.-B., P.C.K. and D.C.; investigation, P.M.-M., G.Á., J.C.-G., A.D., D.J.-M., D.G.-B., G.J.M.-d.-M., B.B. and L.X.; resources, M.M., I.G.-B. and D.C.; data curation, M.M. and D.C.; writing—original draft preparation, P.C.K. and D.C.; writing—review and editing, P.M.-M., G.Á., J.C.-G., S.C.-S., D.J.-M., D.C.-T., D.G.-B., G.J.M.-d.-M., F.N., L.X., P.C.K., I.G.-B. and D.C.; visualisation, M.M. and D.C.; supervision, M.M. and D.C.; project administration, M.M. and D.C.; funding acquisition, M.M., I.G.-B. and D.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This article belongs to the Special Issue Transdisciplinary Approach to Surveillance for Wildlife Health Epidemiology, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the main non-viral causes of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals globally. Comparatively, much less information is currently available in free-ranging carnivore species in general and in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in particular. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were investigated with molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods in individual faecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from the main population nuclei in Spain. Overall, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were detected in 2.4% (6/251) and 27.9% (70/251) of the animals examined, respectively. Positive animals to at least one of them were detected in each of the analysed population nuclei. The analysis of partial ssu rRNA gene sequences revealed the presence of rodent-adapted C. alticolis (n = 1) and C. occultus (n = 1), leporid-adapted C. cuniculus (n = 2), and zoonotic C. parvum (n = 2) within Cryptosporidium, and zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 3) within G. duodenalis. Subgenotyping analyses allowed for the identification of genotype VaA19 in C. cuniculus (gp60 locus) and sub-assemblages AI and BIII/BIV in G. duodenalis (gdh, bg, and tpi loci). This study represents the first molecular description of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in the Iberian lynx in Spain. The presence of rodent/leporid-adapted Cryptosporidium species in the surveyed animals suggests spurious infections associated to the Iberian lynx’s diet. The Iberian lynx seems a suitable host for zoonotic genetic variants of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum) and G. duodenalis (assemblages A and B), although the potential risk of human transmission is regarded as limited due to light parasite burdens and suspected low excretion of infective (oo)cysts to the environment by infected animals. More research should be conducted to ascertain the true impact of these protozoan parasites in the health status of the endangered Iberian lynx., Simple Summary: The Iberian lynx is an iconic feline species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Since the second half of the past century, its global population has decreased dramatically to the brink of extinction as a consequence of human-driven activities (habitat reduction and transformation, illegal hunting, road kills, density decrease in natural preys) and infectious diseases. Fortunately, the successful implementation of conservation programs has reversed this gloomy trend, allowing for an increase in the Iberian lynx population to over 1600 free-ranging animals in 2022. Regarding infectious diseases, very little is known on the epidemiology and health impact of the diarrhoea-causing intestinal protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the Iberian lynx. To tackle these questions, we investigated the presence and molecular diversity of both pathogens in 256 collected faecal samples from 251 free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes in Spain during the period 2017–2023. Our results demonstrate that Cryptosporidium (2.4%) and Giardia (27.9%) are present at different frequencies in the surveyed individuals. Our molecular analyses also indicate that a significant proportion of the Cryptosporidium infections detected are caused by strains that are typically found in the preys the Iberian lynx feed on. Interestingly, we also found that the Iberian lynx can harbour genetic variants of Cryptosporidium and Giardia with the potential to infect humans, although the likelihood of such events is judged low due to the light infections detected in the investigated animals., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub
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- 2024
22. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., Rivero, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., and Rivero, Antonio
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Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
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- 2024
23. Exposure to Coxiella burnetii in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems.
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Universidad de Córdoba, European Union (UE)., European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Castro Scholten, Sabrina, Caballero Gómez, Javier, Cano Terriza, D., Jiménez Martín, D., Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos, Beato Benítez, Adrián, García Bocanegra, I., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Universidad de Córdoba, European Union (UE)., European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Castro Scholten, Sabrina, Caballero Gómez, Javier, Cano Terriza, D., Jiménez Martín, D., Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos, Beato Benítez, Adrián, and García Bocanegra, I.
- Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an important zoonotic pathogen of worldwide distribution that can infect a wide range of wild and domestic species. The European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) can play a role as a reservoir for this bacterium in certain epidemiological scenarios, but, to date, a very limited numbers of large-scale serosurveys have been conducted for this species worldwide. Although exposure in hare species has also been described, C. burnetii in Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) has never been assessed. Here, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with C. burnetii exposure in wild lagomorphs in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain. Between the 2018/2019 and 2021/2022 hunting seasons, blood samples from 638 wild lagomorphs, including 471 wild rabbits and 167 Iberian hares, were collected from 112 hunting grounds distributed across all eight provinces of Andalusia (southern Spain). The overall apparent individual seroprevalence was 8.9% (57/638; 95% CI: 6.8–11.4). Antibodies against C. burnetii were found in 11.3% (53/471; 95% CI: 8.4–14.1) of the wild rabbits and 2.4% (4/167; 95% CI: 0.1–4.7) of the Iberian hares. Seropositive animals were detected for 16 (14.3%; 95% CI: 7.8–20.8) of the 112 hunting grounds tested and in all the hunting seasons sampled. A generalized estimating equations model showed that the geographical area (western Andalusia) and presence of sheep were risk factors potentially associated with C. burnetii exposure in wild lagomorphs. A statistically significant spatial cluster (p < 0.001) was identified in the south-west of Andalusia. Our results provide evidence of moderate, endemic and heterogeneous circulation of C. burnetii in wild lagomorph populations in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. Risk-based strategies for integrative surveillance programs should be implemented in these species to reduce the risk of transmission of the bacterium to sympatric species, including humans.
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- 2024
24. Description of the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain and subsequent virus spreading in domestic ruminants
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Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Paniagua, Jorge, Isla, Julio, Martínez-Padilla, Ana Belén, de los Ángeles Risalde, María, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Cano-Terriza, David, Pujols, Joan, Arenas, Antonio, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2019
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25. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in captive nonhuman primates in zoos in Spain
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Cano-Terriza, David, Almería, Sonia, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Díaz-Cao, José. M., Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Dubey, Jitender P., and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
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- 2019
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26. Detection and genotyping of zoonotic microsporidia in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
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Ávalos, Gabriel, primary, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Matas-Méndez, Pablo, additional, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, additional, Köster, Pamela C, additional, Santín, Mónica, additional, Bailo, Begoña, additional, Cano-Terriza, David, additional, González-Barrio, David, additional, Mateo, Marta, additional, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, Nájera, Fernando, additional, and Carmena, David, additional
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- 2024
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27. Exposure to Coxiella burnetii in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems
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Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, primary, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Cano-Terriza, David, additional, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, additional, Rouco, Carlos, additional, Beato-Benítez, Adrián, additional, Camacho-Sillero, Leonor, additional, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2024
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28. Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain
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Matas-Méndez, Pablo, primary, Ávalos, Gabriel, additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, additional, González-Barrio, David, additional, Muñoz-de-Mier, Gemma J., additional, Bailo, Begoña, additional, Cano-Terriza, David, additional, Mateo, Marta, additional, Nájera, Fernando, additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Köster, Pamela C., additional, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, and Carmena, David, additional
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- 2024
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29. Correlation of hepatitis E and rat hepatitis E viruses urban wastewater monitoring and clinical cases
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Casares-Jimenez, Maria, primary, Garcia-Garcia, Transito, additional, Suárez-Cárdenas, José M., additional, Perez-Jimenez, Ana B., additional, Martín, María A., additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Michán, Carmen, additional, Corona-Mata, Diana, additional, Risalde, María A., additional, Perez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, Guerra, Rafael, additional, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, additional, and Garrido, Juan J., additional
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- 2024
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30. Survey of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in captive and free-ranging wildlife from Spain.
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Fernández-Bastit, Leira, Cano-Terriza, David, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Beato-Benítez, Adrián, Fernández, Antonio, García-Párraga, Daniel, Domingo, Mariano, Sierra, Cecilia, Canales, Rocío, Borragan, Santiago, de la Riva-Fraga, Manuel, Molina-López, Rafael, Cabezón, Óscar, Puig-Ribas, Maria, Espunyes, Johan, Vázquez-Calero, Daniel B., Vergara-Alert, Júlia, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Segalés, Joaquim
- Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), considered a zoonotic agent of wildlife origin, can infect various animal species, including wildlife in free-range and captive environments. Detecting susceptible species and potential reservoirs is crucial for preventing the transmission, spread, genetic evolution, and further emergence of viral variants that are major threats to global health. This study aimed to detect exposure or acute infection by SARS-CoV-2 in 420 animals from 40 different wildlife species, including terrestrial and aquatic mammals, from different regions of Spain during the 2020–2023 coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In total, 8/137 animals were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the receptor binding domain and/or viral nucleoprotein according to independent ELISAs. However, only one ELISA-positive sample of a captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a low titre (SNT
50 38.15) according to a virus neutralization test. Cetaceans are expected to have a high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 according to early predictive studies due to the similarity of their angiotensin converting enzyme 2 cell receptor to that of humans. Moreover, of 283 animals analysed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-qPCR, none tested positive. Our results reinforce the importance of considering cetaceans at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and support taking preventive biosecurity measures when interacting with them, especially in the presence of individuals with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Although most animals in this study tested negative for acute infection or viral exposure, ongoing surveillance of wildlife species and potentially susceptible animals is important to prevent future spillover events and detect potential novel reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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31. Acute Hepatitis in Children Due to Rat Hepatitis E Virus
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Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Pereira, Sara, Rivero-Calle, Irene, Perez, Ana B., Viciana, Isabel, Casares-Jiménez, María, Rios-Muñoz, Lucia, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Aguilera, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2024
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32. Lack of associations of microRNAs with severe NAFLD in people living with HIV: discovery case-control study
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Frías, Mario, primary, Corona-Mata, Diana, additional, Moyano, Jose M., additional, Camacho-Espejo, Angela, additional, López-López, Pedro, additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Ruiz-Cáceres, Inmaculada, additional, Casares-Jiménez, Marı́a, additional, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional
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- 2023
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33. Editorial: Insights in emerging or re-emerging zoonoses.
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Caballero Gómez, Javier, Mirazo, Santiago, Altindis, Mustafa, and Moroni, Barbara
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VETERINARY medicine ,ZOONOSES ,MEDICAL microbiology ,ANIMAL diseases ,FOOT & mouth disease virus ,EMERGING infectious diseases - Abstract
This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science. It discusses the ongoing issue of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. The editorial emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to address this global problem. The document also provides a summary of the research studies included in a research topic on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathology of emerging zoonotic pathogens. The studies cover various aspects of infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, and highlight the importance of surveillance and control measures. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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34. Serosurvey of Blood Donors to Assess West Nile Virus Exposure, South-Central Spain.
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Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Vázquez, Ana, Madrigal, Elena, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Gallo, Marina, Herrero, Laura, Jarilla, María, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Rivero, Antonio Rivero-Juárez Antonio
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WEST Nile virus , *BLOOD donors , *WEST Nile fever , *LYME disease , *EMERGING infectious diseases - Abstract
The article focuses on West Nile virus (WNV) epidemiology in Spain, emphasizing its endemic status and the potential risk posed by vectors and animal reservoirs. Topics include the virus's classification within the Flaviviridae family, its transmission primarily by Culex mosquitoes, and the need for enhanced surveillance in regions like Ciudad Real to monitor virus circulation and human exposure levels accurately.
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- 2024
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35. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports
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Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, GEHEP-014 Study Group, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, and GEHEP-014 Study Group
- Abstract
[Introduction] Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) is an endemic zoonotic disease ranked as a major cause of acute hepatitis in Europe. Most infections occurring in Europe are due to the endemic several subtypes of genotype 3, through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, observing a genotype geographical distribution pattern among countries Because of global changes in the pig and pork trading markets, subtype distribution might vary. We aimed to evaluate the temporal distribution of HEV genotypes in patients from southern Spain with acute hepatitis to determine whether these changes were related to the pig import trade during the study period between 2018 and 2022., [Methods] Prospective longitudinal study including patients with acute hepatitis from southern Spain between 2018 and 2022. HEV RNA and antibodies was tested in all patients. In patients with detectable HEV RNA, genotype was obtained. To determine the number of imported pigs and their origins, we checked the official data from the Spanish statistics on international trade of Spanish Minister of Industry during by country of origin during the same study period., [Results] A total of 659 patients with acute hepatitis were included in the study. Among them, 162 (24.5%) had at least one marker (IgM or RNA) of acute HEV infection. Among the 71 patients with detectable viral RNA, genotypes could be obtained for 58 (81.6%). The most prevalent HEV genotype was 3f (n = 48; 78.6%), showing a decreasing prevalence of over time, from 100% in 2018 to 70.6% in 2022. Since 2021, the emergence of other genotypes has been determined. A significant increase in the number of animals imported was observed since the beginning of the study. Denmark experienced a significant rise, from 0.03% in 2018 of total imports to 10.4% in 2022., [Conclusions] HEV molecular diversity is changing in Spain, could be linked to changes in fattening pig import origin.
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- 2023
36. Optimization of the molecular diagnosis of the acute hepatitis E virus infection
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Aguilera, Antonio, Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Reina, Gabriel, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Mesquita, Joao, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR and GEHEP-014 Study Groups, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Aguilera, Antonio, Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Reina, Gabriel, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Mesquita, Joao, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, and HEPAVIR and GEHEP-014 Study Groups
- Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of two broad-range PCR assays targeting two different and conserved regions of the viral genome for the diagnosis of acute Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Patients with acute hepatitis were prospectively recruited. In all, HEV-IgM antibodies were tested together with evaluation of HEV viraemia by two PCR assays (ORF3 and ORF1). The number of individuals exhibiting negative IgM antibody results but carrying viral RNA was calculated by each PCR assay. Four-hundred and seventy individuals were included, of whom 145 (30.8%) were diagnosed as having acute HEV. Of them, 122 (84.1%) exhibited HEV-IgM antibodies, and 81 (55.8%) had detectable viral RNA for at least one PCR. Using the ORF3 molecular assay, 70 (48.3%) individuals were identified with HEV infection. When the ORF1 molecular assay was applied, 49 (33.8%) individuals were identified. The ORF3 assay detected viral RNA in 32 patients not detected by the ORF1 assay. In contrast, the ORF1 assay could amplify viral RNA in 11 patients who were not detected by the ORF3 assay. The parallel use of two broad-range PCR assays significantly increased the performance of the molecular diagnosis of HEV.
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- 2023
37. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV [Dataset]
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., Rivero, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., and Rivero, Antonio
- Abstract
Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
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- 2023
38. Monitoring of Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems
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Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, primary, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, additional, Cano-Terriza, David, additional, Gómez-Guillamón, Félix, additional, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2023
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39. Iberian wild leporidae as hosts of zoonotic enteroparasites in Mediterranean ecosystems of Southern Spain
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Rego, Laura, primary, Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Cano, Carmen, additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, Köster, Pamela C., additional, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Bailo, Begoña, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, Hernández‐Castro, Carolina, additional, Cano‐Terriza, David, additional, Vioque, Fátima, additional, Maloney, Jenny G., additional, Santín, Mónica, additional, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Carmena, David, additional, and González‐Barrio, David, additional
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- 2022
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40. Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Cetaceans, Spain, 2011–2022
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Caballero-Gómez, Javier, primary, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, additional, Beato-Benítez, Adrián, additional, Fernández-Maldonado, Carolina, additional, Domingo, Mariano, additional, García-Párraga, Daniel, additional, Fernández, Antonio, additional, Sierra, Eva, additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, Martínez-Nevado, Eva, additional, Sierra-Arqueros, Cecilia, additional, Canales-Merino, Rocío, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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41. Spatiotemporal monitoring of myxomatosis in European wild rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems
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Camacho‐Sillero, Leonor, primary, Cardoso, Beatriz, additional, Beato‐Benítez, Adrián, additional, Gómez‐Guillamón, Félix, additional, Díaz‐Cao, José M., additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Cano‐Terriza, David, additional, and García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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42. Monitoring of hepatitis E virus in zoo animals from Spain, 2007–2021
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Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, primary, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Cano‐Terriza, David, additional, Beato‐Benítez, Adrián, additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, Martínez, Javier, additional, Guerra, Rafael, additional, Martínez‐Valverde, Rosa, additional, Martínez‐Nevado, Eva, additional, Ángel Quevedo‐Muñoz, Miguel, additional, Sierra‐Arqueros, Cecilia, additional, Planas, Javier, additional, de Castro‐García, Noelia, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, additional
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- 2022
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43. La gamificación como herramienta pedagógica de apoyo a la docencia en el Grado en Veterinaria.
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Cano Terriza, David, primary, Caballero Gómez, Javier, additional, Risalde Moya, Maria de los Angeles, additional, Jiménez Martín, Débora, additional, Paniagua Risueño, Jorge, additional, and García Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
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- 2022
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44. Presence of hepatitis E virus in testis of naturally infected wild boars
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Risalde, María A., primary, Frias, Mario, additional, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Lopez‐Lopez, Pedro, additional, Fast, Christine, additional, Jiménez‐Ruiz, Saúl, additional, Agulló‐Ros, Irene, additional, Eiden, Martin, additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, Carlos Gómez Villamandos, José, additional, and Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, additional
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- 2022
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45. Spatiotemporal monitoring of myxomatosis in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems
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Junta de Andalucía, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Camacho-Sillero, Leonor, Cardoso, Beatriz, Beato-Benítez, Adrián, Gómez-Guillamón, Félix, Díaz-Cao, José. M., Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Cano-Terriza, David, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Junta de Andalucía, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Camacho-Sillero, Leonor, Cardoso, Beatriz, Beato-Benítez, Adrián, Gómez-Guillamón, Félix, Díaz-Cao, José. M., Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Castro-Scholten, Sabrina, Cano-Terriza, David, and García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
- Abstract
A long-term active epidemiological surveillance programme was conducted to determine seroprevalence to myxoma virus (MYXV), infection prevalence and spatiotemporal patterns and factors associated with MYXV circulation in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. A total of 2376 animals were sampled over four study periods: 2009–2012 (P1), 2012–2015 (P2), 2015–2018 (P3) and 2018–2021 (P4). Antibodies against MYXV were detected by a commercial indirect ELISA in 59.9% (1424/2376; 95% CI: 58.0–61.9) of wild rabbits. At least one seropositive animal was detected on 131 (96.3%) of 136 game estates sampled. MYXV infection was confirmed by PCR in 94 of 1063 (8.8%; 95% CI: 7.3–10.7) wild rabbits. Circulation of the novel recombinant MYXV (ha-MYXV) was not found in wild rabbits analysed during P4. Five statistically significant spatiotemporal clusters of high MYXV seroprevalence were identified using a Bernoulli model: one in P2 and four in P3. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis identified sampling season (autumn), age (adult and juvenile), outbreaks of myxomatosis in the month prior to sampling, mean annual temperature, humidity and seropositivity to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus as factors potentially linked with MYXV seropositivity. GLMM analysis identified outbreaks of myxomatosis in the month prior to sampling, MYXV seropositivity and presence of lesions compatible with myxomatosis as factors associated with MYXV infection. The results indicate high exposure, widespread but non-homogeneous distribution, and endemic circulation of MYXV in wild rabbit populations in southern Spain during the last decade. Prevalence of antibodies against MYXV showed fluctuations both within the year and over the study periods, revealing variations in the immunity of wild rabbit populations in Mediterranean ecosystems that could increase the risk of MYXV re-emergence in immunologically naïve populations. The present study highlights the impor
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- 2022
46. Presence of hepatitis E virus in testis of naturally infected wild boars
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Risalde, María Ángeles, Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, López-López, Pedro, Fast, Christine, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Eiden, Martin, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero, Antonio, Gómez-Villamandos, José Carlos, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Risalde, María Ángeles, Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, López-López, Pedro, Fast, Christine, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Eiden, Martin, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero, Antonio, Gómez-Villamandos, José Carlos, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
- Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of viral acute hepatitis in the world, affecting more than 20 million people annually. During the acute phase of infection, HEV can be detected in various body fluids, which has a significant impact in terms of transmission, diagnosis or extrahepatic manifestations. Several studies have isolated HEV in the genitourinary tract of humans and animals, which could have important clinical and epidemiological implications. So, our main objective was to evaluate the presence of HEV in testis of naturally infected wild boars (Sus scrofa). For it, blood, liver, hepatic lymph node and testicle samples were collected from 191 male wild boars. The presence of HEV was evaluated in serum by PCR, as well as in tissues by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Four animals (2.09%; 95%CI: 0.82–5.26) showed detectable HEV RNA in serum, being confirmed the presence of HEV-3f genotype in three of them by phylogenetic analysis. HEV was also detected in liver and/or hepatic lymph nodes of the four animals by RT-PCR, as well as by immunohistochemistry analysis. Only one of these wild boars also showed detectable viral load in testis, observing HEV-specific labelling in a small number of fibroblasts and some Sertoli cells. Our results confirm the presence of HEV genotype 3 in naturally infected wild boar testis, although no associated tissue damage was evidenced. This study does not allow us to discard semen as a possible source of HEV transmission in suids. Future experimental studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of HEV genotype 3 on fertility and the possibility of transmission through sexual contact in this specie.
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- 2022
47. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus in small ruminants in southern Spain
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Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Cano-Terriza, David, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Cano-Terriza, David, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Rivero, Antonio, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
- Abstract
Autochthonous cases of hepatitis E (HE) associated with zoonotic genotypes HEV-3 and HEV-4 have significantly increased in industrialized countries over the last decade. Suidae are generally recognized as the main reservoirs of these genotypes. Susceptibility to HE virus (HEV) infection and zoonotic potential have also been confirmed in other species, including sheep and goat. However, the information about their role in the epidemiology of HEV remains very scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with HEV exposure in sheep and goats in southern Spain, the country with the highest census of small domestic ruminants in the European Union. Blood samples from 240 sheep and 240 goats were collected between 2015 and 2017. Sera were analysed in parallel using a commercial double-antigen ELISA and real-time PCR. A total of 38 (7.9%; 95%CI: 5.5–10.3) out of 480 sampled animals showed anti-HEV antibodies. By species, the seroprevalences found in sheep and goats were 2.1% (5/240; 95%CI: 0.3–3.9) and 13.8% (33/240; 95%CI: 9.4–18.1) respectively. Anti-HEV antibodies were found on 19 (59.4%; 95%CI: 42.4–76.4) of the 32 sampled farms. The GEE model showed that species (goat) and number of small ruminants in the farm (≤348 animals and ≥538 animals) were risk factors potentially associated with HEV exposure in small ruminants in the study area. HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 480 (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–0.8) tested animals. Our results confirm that sheep and goats are naturally, but not equally exposed to HEV and indicate the widespread spatial distribution of HEV among small ruminant populations in southern Spain. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of sheep and goat in the epidemiology of HEV and their potential implications for public health.
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- 2022
48. Hepatitis E virus in the endangered Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus )
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Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, primary, Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, additional, Zorrilla, Irene, additional, López, Guillermo, additional, Nájera, Fernando, additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, Ruiz‐Rubio, Carmen, additional, Salcedo, Javier, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, Paniagua, Jorge, additional, and García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Epidemiología de la Hepatitis E en España: Implicación zoonótica de reservorios domésticos y silvestres
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Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, and Rivero Juárez, Antonio
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Public health ,Risk factors ,Emerging diseases ,Epidemiology ,Spain ,Zoonoses ,Hepatitis E virus ,Animal species - Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide distribution, which affects at least 20 million of humans annually, being recognized as the main cause of acute human viral hepatitis. In industrialized countries, HEV is mainly transmitted through the consumption of animal products or contact with faeces of infected animals. Although domestic pig and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are the main reservoirs of the zoonotic genotypes of the virus, the information about HEV circulation in animal species in the Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems is still very limited. In addition, despite the number of host and animal reservoirs has considerably increased since the first description of HEV in an animal host in 1997, the role of non-suid domestic and wildlife species in the epidemiology of HEV is poorly understood. Thus, the main general objective of this PhD thesis is to assess HEV circulation in domestic (Chapter 1) and wild (Chapter 2) animal species, including free-ranging and captive animals, in Spain. For this purpose, severalstudies were developed and are presented here under nine main headings. In the first study (Chapter 1.1), Orthohepevirus circulation, including HEV-A, HEV-B and HEV-C species, was assessed in sympatric urban cats and dogs in southern Spain. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was detected in a total of 19 (6.4%; 95%CI: 3.6-9.2) of the 296 animals by ELISA. Seropositivity was significantly higher in dogs (9.9%; 15/152; 95%CI: 5.1-14.6) than in cats (2.8%; 4/144; 95%CI: 0.1-5.5) (p=0.011). Ten of the 18 ELISA-positive animals reacted against HEV-A and/or HEV-C, which suggests circulation of both Orthohepevirus species in urban cats and dogs in the study area. However, RNA from the Orthohepevirus species analyzed were not detected in any of the tested sera. This is the first study to assess HEV circulation in both stray cats and dogs in Europe. The results detected provide evidence of HEV exposure in sympatric urban cat and dog populations in southern Spain. In the second study (Chapter 1.2), the objective was to determine the prevalence of HEV in equine species in Andalusia (southern Spain) in order to assess the role of equids as potential reservoirs of the virus. HEV RNA was detected in sera from 0.4% (3/692) of horses, 1.2% (1/86) of donkeys and 3.6% (3/83) of mules. Phylogenetic analysis identified the zoonotic genotype 3, being closely related to viral human and swine strains. This is the first report of HEV in equids in Europe and confirm the susceptibility of horses, donkeys and mules to HEV infection. The low prevalence detected indicates that equids may be considered spillover hosts rather than true reservoirs. The aim of the third study (Chapter 1.3) was to assess the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with HEV exposure in sheep and goats in southern Spain, the country with the highest census of small domestic ruminants in the European Union. A total of 38 (7.9%; 95%CI: 5.5–10.3) out of 480 sampled animals showed anti-HEV antibodies. By species, the seroprevalence of 13.8% (33/240; 95%CI: 9.4–18.1) found in goats was significantly higher than the 2.1% (5/240; 95%CI: 0.3–3.9) detected in sheep. Anti-HEV antibodies were found on 19 (59.4%; 95%CI: 42.4–76.4) of the 32 sampled farms. The number of small ruminants in the farm (≤348 animals and ≥538 animals) was also a risk factor potentially associated with HEV exposure in small ruminants in the study area. HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 480 (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–0.8) tested animals. The results obtained in this study confirm that sheep and goats are naturally, but not equally exposed to HEV and indicate the widespread spatial distribution of HEV among small ruminant populations in southern Spain. The fourth study (Chapter 2.1) analyzed the circulation of HEV in free‐ranging wild boar in the Doñana National Park, a study area characterized by very limited human activity and the absence of a pig industry. A total of 57 (57.6%; 95%CI: 47.8%–67.3%) of the 99 tested animals had anti‐HEV antibodies, indicating that this virus is widespread in wild boar in the DNP. HEV RNA was detected in one animal and phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence isolated belonged to subtype 3r (reassigned as 3m). The results suggest a potential risk of zoonotic transmission of this novel HEV‐3 subtype and point the need to assess the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of HEV‐3m and to determine the infectivity of this emergent HEV subtype in other species, including humans. In the fifth study (Chapter 2.2) we assessed the circulation of HEV in European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis), the most important lagomorph species in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. None of the 450 lagomorphs’ livers tested positive for HEV infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess HEV circulation in wild rabbits in Spain and the first to evaluate HEV infection in Iberian hares. Our results indicate absence of HEV circulation in wild rabbits and Iberian hares in southern Spain during the study period, which suggests that the risk of transmission of HEV from wild lagomorphs to other species, including humans, is low. The aims of the sixth study (Chapter 2.3) were to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of HEV in both free-living and captive populations of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), the most endangered felid in the world, as well as to evaluate potential risk factors associated with HEV exposure in this species, and the dynamics of serological markers during the study period. A total of 50 (18.2%; 95%CI: 14.1-23.2) of the 275 animals analyzed had anti-HEV antibodies by ELISA. Exposure to HEV was confirmed by WB in most of the ELISA-positive Iberian lynxes analyzed. The generalized estimating equation model identified “habitat status” (captivity) and “age” (senile, adult and subadult) in the captive population only as risk factors potentially associated with HEV exposure in the Iberian lynx. Thirteen (29.5%) of the 44 longitudinally surveyed individuals seroconverted against HEV during the study period. HEV RNA was detected in the faeces of one (1/364; 0.3%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.8) free-ranging adult animal sampled in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequenced strain belongs to HEV-3f subtype, which shared a high nucleotide sequence identity (97-99.6%) with human HEV-3f sequences from Spain and France. This is the first survey study on HEV in the Iberian lynx and the first molecular report of HEV-A infection in free-ranging felines. The results indicate a high exposure to HEV-3 in the Iberian lynx populations, particularly in those kept in captivity and suggest a possible role for this species as a potential spillover host of this virus. The serological results suggest the widespread but not homogeneous circulation of HEV in the Iberian lynx populations. The seventh study (Chapter 2.4) assessed HEV infection in non-human primates (NHPs) housed in zoos in Spain. Anti-HEV antibodies were found in eight (4.4%; 95%CI: 1.4–7.4) of the 181 NHPs tested and at least one seropositive animal was detected in five of the 33 species sampled (15.2%). This is the first report of seropositivity in black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Anti-HEV antibodies were found in six (75.0%) of the eight zoos included in the study. Seroconversion was detected in one chimpanzee, which confirms HEV circulation in one zoo between 2015 and 2016. Seropositivity was significantly higher in hominids than in other NHP families. HEV-A RNA was not detected in any of the serum samples tested. This study increases the host range exposed to the virus and indicate susceptibility of NHPs to HEV infection. The aims of the eighth study (Chapter 2.5) were to assess HEV exposure in captive zoo animals in Spain and to determine the dynamics of seropositivity in individuals that were sampled longitudinally during the study period. Seropositivity to HEV were detected in 36 (8.5%; 95%CI: 5.8-11.1) of 425 sampled zoo animals and antibodies against HEV-3 and/or HEV-C1 were confirmed in ELISA-positive animals using WB. Two of 46 longitudinally surveyed animals seroconverted during the study period. Seropositivity was significantly higher in carnivores and perissodactyls than in artiodactyls, and also during the period 2012-2016 compared with 2007-2011. HEV RNA was not detected in any (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0-1.4) of the 262 animals that could be tested by RT-PCR. This is the first large-scale, long-term surveillance on HEV in different orders of zoo mammals. Our results indicate exposure to HEV-A and HEV-C in zoo animals in Spain and, together with the results of Chapter 2.4, confirm a widespread but not homogeneous spatiotemporal circulation of HEV in captive species in this country. In the ninth and last study (Chapter 2.6), the aims were to assess the seroprevalence and prevalence of HEV in both in both free-ranging and captive cetaceans in Spain and the dynamics of seropositivity in individuals sampled longitudinally during the study period. A total of 67 (49.3%; 95%CI: 40.9-57.7) out of 136 analyzed cetaceans by ELISA showed anti-HEV antibodies. Seropositivity was detected in six of the nine species sampled. Significantly higher seroprevalence was found in free-ranging (59.7%) than in captive (37.5%) cetaceans. Within the free-ranging population, the multivariate analyses identified “age” (adult) as a risk factor potentially associated with HEV exposure in cetaceans. Seroconversions were detected in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during the study period. None (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0-1.2) of the 304 analyzed cetaceans were positive for active Orthohepevirus infection. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to assess Orthohepevirus circulation in cetaceans and to report exposure to HEV in Atlantic spotted (Stenella frontalis), Risso (Grampus griseus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) as well as in Cuvier's Beaked (Ziphius cavirostris) and killer whales (Orcinus orca). Our results point high HEV exposure in cetacean populations in Spain, indicating widespread circulation of this virus in both free-ranging and captive over the last decade. This PhD thesis adds novel knowledge about the epidemiological role of animal species to HEV in different scenarios, including households, farms, Mediterranean and marine ecosystems, zoos and captivity centres. The results obtained will allow to expand the knowledge about the epidemiology of this emerging virus and to prioritize HEV monitoring and surveillance on certain animal species and epidemiological contexts. El virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) es un patógeno emergente y zoonósico de distribución mundial que afecta a unos 20 millones de personas anualmente, siendo considerado como la principal causa de hepatitis aguda de origen viral. En países industrializados, el VHE se transmite principalmente a través del consumo de productos animales o el contacto con heces de animales infectados. Aunque el cerdo doméstico y el jabalí (Sus scrofa) son los principales reservorios de los genotipos zoonósicos del virus, la información acerca de la circulación del VHE en especies de los ecosistemas mediterráneos de la Península Ibérica es muy limitada. Asimismo, pese a que el número de hospedadores y reservorios animales ha aumentado significativamente desde su primera descripción en una especie animal en 1997, el papel en la epidemiología del VHE de especies domésticas y silvestres diferentes a los suidos es poco conocido. Por ello, la presente Tesis Doctoral tiene el objetivo principal de evaluar la circulación del VHE en especies domésticas (Capítulo 1) y silvestres (Capítulo 2), incluyendo animales de vida libre y mantenidos en cautividad, en España. Para ello se han diseñado nueve estudios que abordan cada uno de los objetivos específicos. En el primero (Capítulo 1.1), se evalúa la circulación de las especies de Orthohepevirus, incluyendo VHE-A, VHE-B y VHE-C, en perros y gatos urbanos simpátricos en el sur de España. La presencia de anticuerpos frente al VHE se detectó en un total de 19 (6,4%; IC95%: 3,6-9,2) de los 296 animales analizados por ELISA. La seropositividad fue significativamente superior en perros (9,9%; 15/152; IC95%: 5,1-14,6) que en gatos (2,8%; 4/144; IC95%: 0,1-5,5) (p=0.011). Diez de los 18 animales positivos a ELISA que pudieron ser analizados por western blot (WB), reaccionaron frente a los antígenos del VHE-A y/o VHE-C, lo cual sugiere circulación de ambas especies de Orthohepevirus en gatos y perros urbanos en el área de estudio. No se detectó ARN de ninguna especie de Orthohepevirus en ninguno de los sueros testados. Este es el primer estudio que evalúa la circulación de las diferentes especies de Orthohepevirus en gatos callejeros y perros simpátricos en Europa. Los resultados detectados muestran que las poblaciones de gatos y perros urbanos simpátricos del sur de España están expuestas al VHE. El objetivo del segundo estudio (Capítulo 1.2) fue determinar la prevalencia al VHE en especies equinas en Andalucía (sur de España) para evaluar el papel de los équidos como potenciales reservorios del virus. Se detectó ARN del VHE en muestras de suero del 0,4% (3/692) de caballos, 1,2% (1/86) de burros y 3,6% (3/83) de mulos. Los análisis filogenéticos identificaron al genotipo zoonótico 3, estando estrechamente relacionado con cepas humanas y porcinas. Ésta es la primera detección del VHE en équidos en Europa, confirmando la susceptibilidad de caballos, burros y mulos a la infección. La baja prevalencia detectada indica que los équidos podrían ser considerados como hospedadores accidentales más que como verdaderos reservorios. El tercer estudio (Capítulo 1.3) se centra en evaluar la prevalencia, distribución espacial y factores de riesgo asociados a la exposición por el VHE en ovino y caprino en el sur de España, el país con mayor censo de pequeños rumiantes en la Unión Europea. Un total de 38 (7,9%; IC95%: 5,5-10,3) de los 480 animales muestreados mostraron anticuerpos frente al VHE. Por especies, la seroprevalencia del 13,8% (33/240; IC95%: 9,4-18,1) encontrada en caprino fue significativamente superior que la del 2,1% (5/240; IC95%: 0,3-3,9) detectada en ovino. Se detectaron anticuerpos en 19 (59,4%; IC95%: 42,4–76,4) de las 32 granjas muestreadas. El censo de pequeños rumiantes en la granja (≤348 animales y ≥538 animales) fue también un factor de riesgo potencialmente asociado a la exposición por el VHE en pequeños rumiantes en el área de estudio. No se detectó ARN del VHE en ninguno de los 480 (0.0%; IC95%: 0,0-0,8) animales testados. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio confirman que el ovino y el caprino están natural, pero no igualmente expuestos al virus e indican la amplia distribución espacial del VHE entre la población de pequeños rumiantes en el sur de España. El cuarto estudio (Capítulo 2.1) analiza la circulación del VHE en jabalíes en libertad en el Parque Nacional de Doñana (PND), un área caracterizada por una limitada actividad humana y la ausencia de industria porcina. Un total de 57 (57,6%; IC95%: 47,8%-67,3%) de los 99 animales testados presentaron anticuerpos frente al VHE, indicando que el virus está ampliamente distribuido en el PND. Se detectó ARN del VHE en un animal y el estudio filogenético mostró que la secuencia encontrada pertenecía al subtipo 3r (reasignado actualmente como 3m). Los resultados sugieren un potencial riesgo de transmisión zoonótica de este nuevo subtipo de VHE-3 y señala la necesidad de evaluar el papel del jabalí en la epidemiología del VHE-3m y determinar la capacidad infectiva de este subtipo emergente en otras especies, incluido seres humanos. En el quinto estudio (Capítulo 2.2) se evalúa la circulación del VHE en conejo silvestre (Oryctolagus cuniculus) y liebre ibérica (Lepus granatensis), las dos especies de lagomorfos más importantes en los ecosistemas mediterráneos españoles. Ninguno de los 450 hígados de los lagomorfos analizados fueron positivos a la infección por VHE. Desde nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que evalúa la circulación del virus en conejo silvestre en España y el primero en liebre ibérica en todo el mundo. Nuestros resultados indican ausencia de circulación del VHE en conejo silvestre y liebre ibérica en el sur de España durante el período de estudio, sugiriendo que el riesgo de transmisión del VHE desde los lagomorfos silvestres a otras especies, incluidos los humanos, es bajo. Los objetivos del sexto estudio (Capítulo 2.3) fueron determinar la seroprevalencia y prevalencia del VHE en las poblaciones en libertad y cautividad de lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), el felino más amenazado del mundo, así como evaluar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la exposición al virus en esta especie y la dinámica de marcadores serológicos durante el período de estudio. Un total de 50 (18,2%; IC95%: 14,1-23,2) de los 275 animales analizados presentaron anticuerpos frente al VHE por ELISA. Se confirmó la exposición al virus por WB en la mayoría de los linces positivos a ELISA. El modelo de ecuación de estimación generalizada identificó el “hábitat” (cautividad) y la “edad” (senil, adulto y subadulto) dentro de la población cautiva como factores de riesgo potencialmente asociados a la exposición al VHE en lince ibérico. Trece (29,5%) de los 44 animales longitudinalmente muestreados seroconvirtieron durante el período de estudio. Se detectó ARN del VHE en las heces de un (1/364; 0,3%; IC95%: 0,0-0,8) lince adulto en libertad muestreado en 2021. El análisis filogenético identificó que la secuencia obtenida pertenece al subtipo VHE-3f, compartiendo una alta homología (97-99,6%) con cepas humanas de VHE-3f de España y Francia. Este es el primer estudio de VHE en lince ibérico y la primera detección molecular de VHE-A en felinos de vida libre. Los resultados indican una elevada exposición al VHE-3 en las poblaciones de lince ibérico, particularmente en las mantenidas en cautividad, y sugiere un posible papel como hospedador accidental. Los resultados serológicos sugieren una amplia pero no homogénea circulación del virus en las poblaciones de lince ibérico. El séptimo estudio (Capítulo 2.4) evalúa la infección por VHE en primates no humanos (PNHs) de parques zoológicos en España. Se observaron anticuerpos frente al virus en ocho (4,4%; IC95%: 1,4-7,4) de los 181 PNHs testados y se encontró al menos un animal seropositivo en cinco (15,2%) de las 33 especies muestreadas. Esta es la primera detección de seropositividad en lémur rufo blanco y negro (Varecia variegata), chimpancé común (Pan troglodytes), y macaco de Berbería (Macaca sylvanus). Seis (75,0%) de los ocho zoológicos incluidos en el estudio alojaban animales con anticuerpos frente al VHE. Se detectaron seroconversiones en un chimpancé, confirmando circulación del virus en un zoo entre 2015 y 2016. La seropositividad fue significativamente superior en homínidos que en otras familias de PNHs. No se encontró ARN del VHE-A en ninguna de las muestras de suero testadas. Este estudio aumenta el rango de hospedadores expuestos al virus y señala la susceptibilidad de PNHs a la infección por el VHE. Los objetivos del octavo estudio (Capítulo 2.5) fueron evaluar la exposición al VHE en animales de zoológico en España y determinar la dinámica de seropositividad en individuos longitudinalmente muestreados durante el período de estudio. Se detectó seropositividad en 36 (8,5%; IC95%: 5,8-11,1) de los 425 animales analizados y se confirmaron anticuerpos frente al VHE-A y/o VHE-C en animales positivos a ELISA mediante WB. Dos de los 46 individuos longitudinalmente muestreados seroconvirtieron durante el periodo de estudio. La seroprevalencia fue significativamente superior en carnívoros y perisodáctilos que en artiodáctilos, y durante el período 2012-2016 comparado con el de 2007-2011. No se detectó ARN de Orthohepevirus en ninguno (0,0%; IC95%: 0,0-1,4) de los 262 animales que pudieron ser testados por RT-PCR. Este es el primer estudio a gran escala y largo plazo de VHE en diferentes órdenes de mamíferos en zoológicos. Nuestros resultados indican exposición al VHE-A y VHE-C en animales de zoo en España y, junto con los resultados del Capítulo 2.4, confirman una amplia pero no homogénea circulación espaciotemporal del VHE en especies cautivas en este país. En el noveno y último estudio (Capítulo 2.6), se determinó la seroprevalencia y prevalencia del VHE en las poblaciones de vida libre y cautivas de cetáceos en España, así como la dinámica de seropositividad en individuos longitudinalmente muestreados durante el periodo de estudio. Un total de 67 (49,3%; IC95%: 40,9-57,7) de los 136 cetáceos analizados por ELISA presentaron anticuerpos frente al VHE. Se detectó seropositividad en seis de las nueve especies analizadas serológicamente. Los cetáceos en libertad (59,7%) presentaron una seroprevalencia significativamente superior que los mantenidos en cautividad (37.5%). Dentro de la población de cetáceos en libertad, se identificó la “edad” (adulto) como un factor de riesgo potencialmente asociado a la exposición por el VHE. Se observaron seroconversiones en dos delfines mulares (Tursiops truncatus) durante el período de estudio. Ninguno (0,0%; IC95%: 0,0-1,2) de los 304 cetáceos analizados fue positivo a infección activa por Orthohepevirus. Desde el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer estudio que evalúa la circulación de Orthohepevirus en cetáceos y en detectar exposición al VHE en el delfín moteado del Atlántico (Stenella frontalis), delfín listado (Stenella coeruleoalba), calderón gris (Grampus griseus), ballenato de Cuvier (Ziphius cavirostris) y orca (Orcinus orca). Nuestros resultados señalan una elevada exposición al VHE en las poblaciones de cetáceos en España e indican una circulación espaciotemporal endémica de este virus en cetáceos de vida libre y cautividad durante la última década. Esta Tesis Doctoral aporta nuevos conocimientos acerca del papel epidemiológico de especies animales en diferentes escenarios, incluidos casas, explotaciones, ecosistemas mediterráneos y marinos, zoológicos, así como en otros centros de cautividad. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán mejorar el conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de este virus emergente y priorizar la monitorización y vigilancia del VHE en ciertas especies animales y en determinados contextos epidemiológicos.
- Published
- 2022
50. Iberian wild leporidae as hosts of zoonotic enteroparasites in Mediterranean ecosystems of Southern Spain.
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Rego, Laura, Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, Cano, Carmen, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, Köster, Pamela C., Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, Bailo, Begoña, Dashti, Alejandro, Hernández‐Castro, Carolina, Cano‐Terriza, David, Vioque, Fátima, Maloney, Jenny G., Santín, Mónica, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, Carmena, David, and González‐Barrio, David
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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ,EUROPEAN rabbit ,VETERINARY public health ,ZOONOSES ,LAGOMORPHA ,PARASITIC diseases - Abstract
Wild lagomorphs including rabbits and hares can act as natural carriers or reservoirs of bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases. However, little is known on the epidemiology and potential public health significance of intestinal eukaryotes in wild leporids. We examined faecal samples from European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, n = 438) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis, n = 111) collected in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia in southern Spain during 2012–2021. We searched for the presence of DNA from the main intestinal protist and microsporidial pathogens of veterinary and public health concerns using molecular methods (PCR followed by Sanger and next‐generation sequencing). Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (27.8%, 153/550; 95% CI: 24.1–31.8), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (1.3%, 7/550; 95% CI: 0.5–2.6), Blastocystis sp. (1.1%, 6/550; 95% CI: 0.4–2.4) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (0.2%, 1/550; 95% CI: 0.0–10.1). All samples tested negative for Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of sub‐assemblage BIV (n = 1) within G. duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium cuniculus (n = 6) and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 1) within Cryptosporidium. The presence of ruminant‐adapted C. andersoni is indicative of a potential cross‐species transmission event, although a spurious infection (mechanical carriage) cannot be ruled out. Samples assigned to C. cuniculus belonged to the gp60 subtype families Va (n = 3) and Vb (n = 2). The six Blastocystis‐positive samples were identified as ST2 (n = 3) and ST1 + ST2 (n = 3). Our molecular results suggest that wild rabbits and hares were primarily infected by leporid‐adapted species of eukaryotic pathogens. However, the occasional findings of zoonotic G. duodenalis sub‐assemblage BIV, Blastocystis sp. ST1 and ST2, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis could be of public health relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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