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2. A new microsporidian parasite, Ordospora pajunii sp. nov (Ordosporidae), of Daphnia longispina highlights the value of genomic data for delineating species boundaries.

Author

de Albuquerque, Nathalia R. M., Haag, Karen L., Fields, Peter D., Cabalzar, Andrea, Ben‐Ami, Frida, Pombert, Jean‐François, and Ebert, Dieter

Subjects
DAPHNIA, SPECIES, FOSSILS, INTRACELLULAR pathogens, MICROSPORIDIA
Abstract

Speciation is a complex and continuous process that makes the delineation of species boundaries a challenging task in particular in species with little morphological differentiation, such as parasites. In this case, the use of genomic data is often necessary, such as for the intracellular Microsporidian parasites. Here, we characterize the genome of a gut parasite of the cladoceran Daphnia longispina (isolate FI‐F‐10), which we propose as a new species within the genus Ordospora: Ordospora pajunii sp. nov (Ordosporidae). FI‐F‐10 closest relative, Ordospora colligata is only found in D. magna. Both microsporidian species share several morphological features. Although it is not possible to estimate divergence times for Microsporidia due to the lack of fossil records and accelerated evolutionary rates, we base our proposal on the phylogenomic and genomic distances between both microsporidian lineages. The phylogenomic reconstruction shows that FI‐F‐10 forms an early diverging branch basal to the cluster that contains all known O. colligata strains. Whole‐genome comparisons show that FI‐F‐10 presents a greater divergence at the sequence level than observed among O. colligata strains, and its genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) values against O. colligata are beyond the intraspecific range previously established for yeast and prokaryotes. Our data confirm that the ANI metrics are useful for fine genetic divergence calibration across Microsporidia taxa. In combination with phylogenetic and ecological data, genome‐based metrics provide a powerful approach to delimitate species boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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5. Atividade física de vida diária, capacidade de exercício e qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Crohn em remissão infliximab-induzida

Author

Cabalzar, Andrea Lemos, Chebli, Julio Maria Fonseca, Malaguti, Carla, Reboredo, Maycon de Moura, and Barbosa, Katia Valeria Bastos Dias

Subjects
Infliximabe, Crohn’s disease, Accelerometer, CIENCIAS DA SAUDE [CNPQ], Doença de Crohn, Physical activity, Atividade física, Health-related quality of life, Acelerômetro, Doença inflamatória intestinal, Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, Inflammatory bowel disease, Infliximab
Abstract

Introdução: Atividade física de vida diária e capacidade de exercício nunca foram avaliadas em pacientes com Doença de Crohn (DC) em remissão induzida por infliximabe. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a atividade física de vida diária, capacidade de exercício, qualidade de vida (QV) e desordens do humor em pacientes com DC moderada a grave em remissão induzida por infliximabe, e investigar variáveis associadas com atividade física de vida diária nestes pacientes. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido, com 26 pacientes com DC foram selecionados. Controles foram indivíduos assintomáticos com dispepsia funcional. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à atividade física de vida diária pelo acelerômetro triaxial, à capacidade de exercício (shuttle walk test – SWT), força de preensão manual, QV e desordens de humor. As associações entre a atividade física de vida diária e a QV ou desordens do humor foram testadas. Resultados: O número de passos dado (7446 ± 3081 vs. 7898 ± 2487), o tempo ativo (80,56 ± 41,97 min vs. 89,65 ± 24,30 min), a distância percorrida no SWT (662,69 ± 252,86 m vs. 728,82 ± 346,55 m) e a força de preensão manual (34,3 ± 11,1 kgf vs. 32,9 ± 11,9 kgf) não mostraram significância estatística entre pacientes com DC e controles. O tempo gasto deitado (116,31 ± 107,38 min vs. 63,71 ± 55,79 min) e alguns domínios da QV foram superiores em pacientes com DC (p< 0,05). Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre o nível de atividade física de vida diária e QV ou desordens de humor em pacientes com DC (p>0,05). Conclusão: Nós encontramos que pacientes com DC em remissão induzida por infliximabe tem o mesmo nível de atividade física de vida diária e capacidade de exercício quando comparados com controles. Background: Physical activity in daily life and exercise capacity have never been assessed in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients on infliximab-induced remission. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the physical activity in daily life, exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL) and mood disorders in patients with moderate-to-severe CD on infliximab-induced remission, and to investigate variables associated with physical activity in daily life in these patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 26 patients with CD were selected. Controls were currently asymptomatic individuals with functional dyspepsia. Patients underwent to evaluation of physical activity in daily life by a triaxial accelerometer, exercise capacity (shuttle walk test-SWT), handgrip strength, QoL and mood disorders. The associations between the physical activity in daily life and QoL or mood disorders were tested. Results: The number of steps taken (7446 ± 3081 vs. 7898 ± 2487), the active time (80.56 ± 41.97 min vs. 89.65 ± 24.30 min), the SWT distance (662.69 ± 252.86 m vs. 728.82 ± 346.55 m) and the handgrip (34.3 ± 11.1 kgf vs. 32.9 ± 11.9 kgf) didn’t show significant difference between CD patients and controls, respectively. The time spending lying down (116.31 ± 107.38 min vs. 63.71 ± 55.79 min) and some domains of quality of life were superior in CD patients (p< 0.05). No correlation was observed between the level of physical activity in daily life and QoL or mood disorders in CD patients (p>0.05). Conclusions: We found that patients with CD on infliximab-induced remission have the same level of physical activity in daily life and exercise capacity when compared with controls.

Published
2017

6. Muscle function and quality of life in the Crohn’s disease

Author

Cabalzar, Andrea Lemos, Oliveira, Diana Junqueira Fonseca, Reboredo, Maycon de Moura, Lucca, Fernando Azevedo, Chebli, Júlio Maria Fonseca, and Malaguti, Carla

Subjects
Doença de Crohn, Exercício, Quality of Life, Muscle Strength, Força Muscular, Exercise, Crohn’s Disease, Qualidade de Vida
Abstract

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease, marked by exacerbations and remissions periods. Peripheral manifestations in CD may be present with the syndrome of skeletal muscle dysfunction (SMD), which is characterized by loss of muscle strength, fatigue complain, limited exercise capacity and impaired quality of life of these patients. Objective: Evaluate muscle strength, physical capacity and quality of life of patients with CD and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: 18 patients CD and 12 healthy controls matched for age and sex were involved. Peripheral muscle strength evaluated by handgrip strength of the dominant hand and respiratory muscle strength by measures of respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressure - MIP and MEP). Exercise capacity evaluated by Shuttle test (ST) and the quality of life by the Short-form 36 (SF-36) and by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Results: Patients with CD presented a lower respiratory muscle strength (MIP = -68.93 ± 26.61 vs 29.63 ± -100 cmH2O, p = 0.0013 and MEP = 81.07 ± 30.26 vs 108 ± 25.30 cmH2O, p = 0.032) and a tendency the lower peripheral muscle strength (31.72 ± 8.55 vs 39.00 ± 13.37 kgf, p = 0.09). In addition, CD patients presented worse physical capacity on the ST compared to the control group (513.7 ± 237m vs 983.0 ± 263m, p < 0.05) and worse quality of life in 7 of 8 domains of the SF-36 and in all dimensions of the IBDQ. Conclusion: Patients with CD showed muscle functional impairment and poorer quality of life compared to healthy control group. These findings suggest that the assessment and maybe interventions in the muscle function must be used in clinical practice. Resumo Introdução: A doença de Crohn (DC) é uma doença inflamatória intestinal marcada por agudizações e remissões. Manifestações sistêmicas na DC podem estar associadas à síndrome da disfunção muscular esquelética (SDM), a qual é caracterizada por perda de força, queixa de fadiga, limitação ao exercício e prejuízo na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a força muscular, a capacidade de exercício e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com DC e compará-los com controles saudáveis. Métodos: Foram envolvidos 18 pacientes com DC e 12 controles saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo. A força muscular periférica foi avaliada pela força de preensão palmar da mão dominante; e a força muscular respiratória pelas medidas de pressões respiratórias máximas (pressão inspiratória/expiratória máxima - PIM e PEM). A capacidade ao exercício foi avaliada por meio do teste de Shuttle (TS) e a qualidade de vida pelo relacionada à saúde pelo Short Form-36 e pelo The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Resultados: A força muscular respiratória mostrou-se reduzida nos pacientes com DC comparado ao grupo controle (PIM = -68,93 ± 26,61 vs -100 ± 29,63 cmH2O, p = 0,0013 e PEM = 81,07 ± 30,26 vs 108 ± 25,30 cmH2O, p = 0,032) e, com tendência a menor força muscular periférica no grupo de pacientes (31,72 ± 8,55 vs 39,00 ± 13,37 kgf, p = 0,09). Pacientes com DC apresentaram ainda pior capacidade de exercício no TS (513,7 ± 237m vs 983,0 ± 263m, p < 0,05) e pior qualidade de vida comparados aos controles. Conclusão: Pacientes com DC mostraram prejuízo funcional muscular e pior qualidade de vida. Estes achados sugerem que a avaliação e possível intervenção da função muscular deve ser adotada na prática clínica.

Published
2017

7. Physical Activity in Daily Life and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Crohnʼs Disease on Infliximab-Induced Remission: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Reboredo Maycon, Lucca Fernando, Cabalzar Andrea, Chebli Julio, Pinheiro Bruno, Ribeiro Tarsila, Gaburri Pedro, Chebli Liliana, and Malaguti Carla

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Gastroenterology, Physical activity, Disease, Exercise capacity, Infliximab, Internal medicine, Medicine, In patient, business, medicine.drug
Published
2018
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10. Parasite‐mediated selection in a natural metapopulation of Daphnia magna.

Author

Cabalzar, Andrea P., Fields, Peter D., Kato, Yasuhiko, Watanabe, Hajime, and Ebert, Dieter

Subjects
*NATURAL selection, *DAPHNIA magna, *MICROSATELLITE repeats, *STOCHASTIC processes, *GENETIC drift, *HORSE breeding, *HETEROSIS
Abstract

Parasite‐mediated selection varying across time and space in metapopulations is expected to result in host local adaptation and the maintenance of genetic diversity in disease‐related traits. However, nonadaptive processes like migration and extinction‐(re)colonization dynamics might interfere with adaptive evolution. Understanding how adaptive and nonadaptive processes interact to shape genetic variability in life‐history and disease‐related traits can provide important insights into their evolution in subdivided populations. Here we investigate signatures of spatially fluctuating, parasite‐mediated selection in a natural metapopulation of Daphnia magna. Host genotypes from infected and uninfected populations were genotyped at microsatellite markers, and phenotyped for life‐history and disease traits in common garden experiments. Combining phenotypic and genotypic data a QST–FST‐like analysis was conducted to test for signatures of parasite mediated selection. We observed high variation within and among populations for phenotypic traits, but neither an indication of host local adaptation nor a cost of resistance. Infected populations have a higher gene diversity (Hs) than uninfected populations and Hs is strongly positively correlated with fitness. These results suggest a strong parasite effect on reducing population level inbreeding. We discuss how stochastic processes related to frequent extinction‐(re)colonization dynamics as well as host and parasite migration impede the evolution of resistance in the infected populations. We suggest that the genetic and phenotypic patterns of variation are a product of dynamic changes in the host gene pool caused by the interaction of colonization bottlenecks, inbreeding, immigration, hybrid vigor, rare host genotype advantage and parasitism. Our study highlights the effect of the parasite in ameliorating the negative fitness consequences caused by the high drift load in this metapopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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