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Purpose: To assess the efficacy, adherence, and tolerability of a new artificial tear based on arabinogalactan, hyaluronic acid, and trehalose in a population with dry eye disease (DED). Methods: A retrospective, real-world, post-marketing study identified 96 adult patients (aged 18– 80 years) with signs and symptoms of dry eye. These patients received fixed combination therapy with eye drops containing arabinogalactan, hyaluronic acid, and trehalose at various dosing schedules. The data for this study were collected from April 2022 to June 2023. Patients underwent evaluation at baseline (T0) and after a follow-up period of two–three months (T1) using a patient-reported questionnaire. Results: In 96 adult patients (71 women and 25 men) with dry eye due to various conditions, the results indicated a 98% positive response to therapy. This response included improvements in vision (13%), comfort (39%), redness (13%), itching (16%), photophobia (4%), and tearing (14%). Additionally, 61% of the patients experienced 1– 2 hours of comfort following instillation. Conclusion: This real-life post-marketing study demonstrated clinical improvement of signs and symptoms in patients with dry eye disease using a new artificial tear medical device based on arabinogalactan, hyaluronic acid, and trehalose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the potential of cross-border electricity cooperation as an effective way to reduce the costs of renewable energy deployment in the South Asian region using a novel cooperation mechanism among countries. This paper studies the case of India, Bhutan, and Nepal. From the analysis, Bhutan and Nepal have a large under-exploited hydropower potential that presents a great opportunity for India's energy supply by developing cross-border electricity trading infrastructure and associated markets. For this, developing the infrastructure for power transmission and hydropower plants in each country is necessary to reduce investment in flexibility solutions, power system costs, and CO2 emissions. According to a previous analysis, in Nepal's case, the Cross-Border Electricity Market (CBEM) development would increase Nepal's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by up to 39%. India would also benefit from this mechanism. Using this energy trade mechanism, India's power generation needs would be reduced by 2% and CO2 emissions would be reduced by 5.60% by 2045. The most important conclusions to highlight are that (i) there is an important opportunity to simultaneously enhance the economy sector in some undeveloped countries in the region when, at the same time, reducing carbon intensity in India; (ii) at the same time, there is a large barrier, as the analysis shows that despite these associated benefits there is a major risk in the lack of policy harmonization among all countries involved; and (iii) that one of the most important key aspects for success is the development of a coordinated regulation strategy. These results show the potential of CBEM systems in the region but also encourage researchers and policymakers worldwide to explore this mechanism as an effective way to enhance the decarbonization of power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) provides important insight into established and new therapeutic targets. A new, potent bitopic S1P3 antagonist, SPM-354, with in vivo activity, has been used, together with S1P3-knockin and S1P3-knockout mice to define the spatial and functional properties of S1P3 in regulating cardiac conduction. We show that S1P3 is a key direct regulator of cardiac rhythm both in vivo and in isolated perfused hearts. 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol in vivo and S1P in isolated hearts induced a spectrum of cardiac effects, ranging from sinus bradycardia to complete heart block, as measured by a surface electrocardiogram in anesthetized mice and in volume-conducted Langendorff preparations. The agonist effects on complete heart block are absent in S1P3-knockout mice and are reversed in wild-type mice with SPM-354, as characterized and described here. Homologous knockin of S1P3-mCherry is fully functional pharmacologically and is strongly expressed by immunohistochemistry confocal microscopy in Hyperpolarization Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Potassium Channel 4 (HCN4)-positive atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje fibers, with relative less expression in the HCN4-positive sinoatrial node. In Langendorff studies, at constant pressure, SPM-354 restored sinus rhythm in S1P-induced complete heart block and fully reversed S1P-mediated bradycardia. S1P3 distribution and function in the mouse ventricular cardiac conduction system suggest a direct mechanism for heart block risk that should be further studied in humans. A richer understanding of receptor and ligand usage in the pacemaker cells of the cardiac system is likely to be useful in understanding ventricular conduction in health, disease, and pharmacology.

In this work, an automated method for the analysis of data from the correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) diagnostic is applied to discharges in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. This recently developed, automated method provides an efficient means of accurately analysing large quantities of experimental turbulence data, enabling the development of the largest database of CECE measurements of tokamak plasmas to-date. The turbulence database provides the opportunity to search for large-scale trends in experimental data to improve our understanding of transport-relevant plasma turbulence. The results of physics-based investigations utilizing this turbulence database will be reported on separately from this work.

The Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission (CECE) diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is used to investigate the features of outer core and pedestal (ρpol = 0.85-1.0) turbulence across confinement regime transitions. The I-mode confinement regime is a promising operational scenario for future fusion reactors because it features high energy confinement without high particle confinement, but the nature of the edge and pedestal turbulence in I-mode plasmas is still under investigation. The edge Weakly Coherent Mode (WCM) appears in the I-mode pedestal and may play a role in transport. In this work we explore electron temperature (Te) fluctuations in the plasma outer core and pedestal using a 24-channel high radial resolution CECE radiometer. CECE measurements provide turbulence information including the Te fluctuation amplitude, turbulent spectra, and radial localization of turbulent features. With CECE measurements we show that the WCM is localized in the pedestal region in both L-mode and I-mode and is measured in optically thick plasmas with a Te fluctuation amplitude of 2.3%. Broadband drift wave turbulence is measured in the outer core with a Te fluctuation amplitude of

A 5-year retrospective study published in the British Journal of Haematology examined changes in practice within a haematological malignancy diagnostic service. The study found that there has been an increase in the use of ancillary immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic assays to supplement morphological assessment in order to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment options. The study also observed an increase in the number of testing modalities per specimen, particularly in genomic testing, which has led to more confident diagnoses of chronic myeloid disease. The findings highlight the need for increased scientific capacity and training within laboratories to support the analysis of these complex assays. [Extracted from the article]

Water scarcity is a global problem that particularly affects islands located in arid regions or regions with limited water resources. This issue has prompted the development of non-conventional water sources such as fossil fuel-powered desalination systems. Concern about the high energy and environmental costs associated with this type of facility has created the ideal framework for the proliferation of desalination projects powered by renewable energies, especially wind energy due to the multiple advantages it offers. This article provides a bibliometric analysis to identify the advances made in wind-powered desalination on islands. While many studies explore wind-powered desalination, none compile references specific to islands. This paper analyses islands' desalination needs and showcases wind-powered systems, exploring their types and uses. Firstly, the most relevant international scientific journals are identified to allow the subsequent selection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles directly dealing with wind-powered desalination systems. A total of 2344 articles obtained from the Scopus database were analyzed, of which 144 including 181 case studies were selected. Among the results of this study, an increasing year-on-year trend is observed in the number of published studies tackling wind-powered desalination. Finally, this paper presents a series of maps showing the most relevant facilities, projects, and data in this field, and provides an overview of the lessons learned in the decarbonization of desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]