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Summary: Aims: Attention‐deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with obesity and impacts the outcome of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This study aimed at calculating the prevalence in candidates for MBS, which is yet unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, searching three databases from their respective inception to December 2022 for studies reporting the prevalence of ADHD in adolescents and adults assessed before undergoing MBS. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384914). We adhered to Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines; the quality of studies was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were performed; confidence intervals were computed with a binomial exact method, and the pooled estimate was calculated after double arcsine transformation. Findings: Fourteen studies (24,455 adults) and three studies (299 adolescents) were selected. The quality of studies was moderate to poor; meta‐analyses were performed on subgroups according to the case definition used. The prevalence is 8.94% and 9.90% in adults, and 28.73% in adolescents. Conclusions: ADHD is three times more frequent in adults and six times more frequent in adolescents than in the general population. Recommendations are provided to improve the quality of future studies and obtain more reliable estimates of prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of complex but essentially genetic origin. From a medical perspective, dealing with maltreatment in children with ADHD means defining maltreatment and determining the risk factors and the protective factors -- in particular those related to ADHD -- by distinguishing between maltreatment suffered and maltreatment committed. While the World Health Organisation has long defined abuse in all its complexity, this was not the case in French law until Law n82022-140 of 7 February 2022. Subsequently, other legal advances have been made which we discuss. Thus, our medical discussion is complemented by an examination of the range of judicial responses that aim to detect and prevent situations of abuse in general and in ADHD in particular. Finally, we examine the necessary conditions for both medical and judicial expertise in neurodevelopmental disorders and the potentially damaging consequences that should be avoided. The originality of this article is that it was written jointly by a doctor and a lawyer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattentiveness/disorganization, hyperactivity/impulsiveness, or a combination thereof. Although the criteria for ADHD are well defined, the long-term consequences in adults and children need to be more comprehensively understood and quantified. We conducted a systematic review evaluating the long-term outcomes (defined as 2 years or more) of ADHD with the goal of identifying long-term outcomes and the impact that any treatment (pharmacological, non-pharmacological, or multimodal) has on ADHD long-term outcomes. Methods Studies were identified using predefined search criteria and 12 databases. Studies included were peer-reviewed, primary studies of ADHD long-term outcomes published between January 1980 to December 2010. Inclusion was agreed on by two independent researchers on review of abstracts or full text. Published statistical comparison of outcome results were summarized as poorer than, similar to, or improved versus comparators, and quantified as percentage comparisons of these categories. Results Outcomes from 351 studies were grouped into 9 major categories: academic, antisocial behavior, driving, non-medicinal drug use/addictive behavior, obesity, occupation, services use, self-esteem, and social function outcomes. The following broad trends emerged: (1) without treatment, people with ADHD had poorer long-term outcomes in all categories compared with people without ADHD, and (2) treatment for ADHD improved long-term outcomes compared with untreated ADHD, although not usually to normal levels. Only English-language papers were searched and databases may have omitted relevant studies. Conclusions This systematic review provides a synthesis of studies of ADHD long-term outcomes. Current treatments may reduce the negative impact that untreated ADHD has on life functioning, but does not usually 'normalize' the recipients.

The somatic consequences of the COVID-19 are numerous and often serious, but mental health has been a neglected aspect at least in the first few months of the pandemic. The purpose of this mini-review is to assess the way COVID-19 has impacted populations already weakened by somatic diseases or mental disorders, and also triggered the emergence of other mental disorders. We extracted from PubMed database papers addressing in the paediatric population the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health (containment, stress, anxiety, depression), maltreatment, video games, neurodevelopment disorders (Attention-Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Tourette syndrome). We considered 600 references and retained 140; very few studies were conducted in France. Themes such as the need to develop teleconsultation, sleep disorders, eating disorders and obesity have emerged. Overall, the level of evidence for these studies is low (observational, non-randomized, uncontrolled), but the results question all the more that the consequences on future generations are largely unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to retrospectively describe the pathway toward ADHD diagnosis and treatment, and identify potential areas for improvement. Method: Parent-reported questionnaires were collected by a national sample of ADHD specialists. Results: In total, 473 complete questionnaires were analyzed. Initial onset of ADHD symptoms was reported at a mean age of 4.45 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.07 years, and half of the families had seen at least three health care professionals previously. Psychiatrists were most commonly consulted. A "combined" (89% boys) and inattentive (49% boys) profile was identified. Diagnosis was made 1 year later for the latter group. Two thirds of patients received pharmacological treatment. The delay in diagnosis was identified as the main source of concern for caregivers. Conclusion: The 4-year delay in diagnosis may represent a loss of opportunity. Training health care professionals in the core symptoms of ADHD may help reduce disparities and improve patient trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]