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ABSTRACTIn today's social networking era, information security breaches are at an all-time high, especially when it comes to texts and images, which should come as no surprise. Integrity is therefore crucial for information sharing over an unprotected connection. As a result, image/text encryption is a crucial preprocessing step in today's information transmission. Sensitive information may be sent via image encryption, which facilitates a variety of procedures. Here the proposed method is a combination of the Modified Caesar Cipher and the Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm for image encryption. The Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm rearranges the pixels from the result of the Modified Caesar approach, which encrypts the pixel value of each image. The method employs an n + 8 variable bit key (n is frequently more than 18 in real-world applications), which needs more than [Formula: see text] brute force attacks to be successful. The method described here may be used to secure images in a variety of multimedia applications.

In today's social networking era, information security breaches are at an all-time high, especially when it comes to texts and images, which should come as no surprise. Integrity is therefore crucial for information sharing over an unprotected connection. As a result, image/text encryption is a crucial preprocessing step in today's information transmission. Sensitive information may be sent via image encryption, which facilitates a variety of procedures. Here the proposed method is a combination of the Modified Caesar Cipher and the Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm for image encryption. The Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm rearranges the pixels from the result of the Modified Caesar approach, which encrypts the pixel value of each image. The method employs an n + 8 variable bit key (n is frequently more than 18 in real-world applications), which needs more than $2^{26}$ 2 26 brute force attacks to be successful. The method described here may be used to secure images in a variety of multimedia applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data is collected and forwarded to the cluster head by sensor nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data that must be provided to the base station is tough. We recommend using a simple Caesar cipher and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique at the cluster head node level for effective communication from the cluster head to the base station with little power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of sending confidential data through the communication media and in complete secrecy is now necessary, whether the data is related to patients, a particular military operation, or a specified office. On the other hand, with the development of various ciphering algorithms, and information hiding algorithms, there is a need to obtain ciphered and hidden data securely without the need to exchange secret keys between the two ends of the communication. In this paper, a hiding algorithm based on fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent methods to strengthen the security of confidential information is proposed. Firstly, fused image scattering is obtained using 1’s complement and circularly shifting the bits of fused pixels by specified positions before the hiding process. Secondly, the keys for the Caesar cipher are derived from the length of secret information according to the mathematical equation. Thirdly, strengthen the security of Caesar’s cipher by taking a 1’s complement of each letter in the cipher data. The results guarantee the security of the presented algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesar cipher algorithm is one of the ancient algorithms. However, due to advances in technology the algorithm is now much simple to breach. This is because; each letter in the message is replaced by the same letter as specified. To raise the safety, some changes can be made. So, here we are going to use another arithmetic algorithm Diffie - Hellman's mode of changing the key to find the secret key and use simple calculations to verify data encryption. After obtaining a private shared key using the Diffie-Hellman method, depending on the operating mode with 26 keys to get the value of 26 or less, then the current character is taken with the key when the additional value of the new character. In any letter in the position of an 'x', the key first increases with an 'x' and is adjusted to get the encrypted letter. Therefore, 2 messages are repeated 2 times and the third letter has 3. This increases safety. This technology can be used to securely transfer sensitive information from one person to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance data security through the combination of the caesar cipher with triple pass encryption, utilizing the Krill herd optimization algorithm. The proposed method aims to safeguard sensitive information during transmission and storage by leveraging the strengths of both encryption techniques and optimizing the generation of random keys. In this approach, the caesar cipher adds an extra layer of security by shifting each character in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions. The triple pass encryption further reinforces the encryption process by applying the caesar cipher three times, each with a different shift value. To evaluate the effectiveness of this combined approach, it is compared against the basic caesar cipher and basic triple pass protocol. The experimental results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of minimal processing time, 100% accuracy, and zero errors when compared to these traditional techniques. The Krill herd algorithm plays a crucial role in generating random keys and determining the optimal shift values for both the caesar cipher and triple pass encryption. The effectiveness of this combined approach is compared to existing techniques, and the experimental results demonstrate superior performance in terms of minimal processing time, 100% accuracy, and zero errors. This promising solution holds potential for enhancing data security across various domains, as the Krill Herd-based key generation significantly improves the randomness of encryption keys, thereby increasing their resilience against cryptographic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime candidates due to their widespread availability. This study seeks to develop a secure, high-capacity communication system that ensures private interaction while safeguarding information from the broader context. This study used the four least significant bits for steganography to hide the message in a secure way using a hash function. Before steganography, the message is encrypted using one of the encryption techniques: Caesar cipher or Vigenère cipher. By altering only the least significant bits (LSBs), the changes between the original and stego images remain invisible to the human eye. The proposed method excels in secret data capacity, featuring a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and low mean square error (MSE). This approach offers significant payload capacity and dual-layer security (encryption and steganography). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime candidates due to their widespread availability. This study seeks to develop a secure, high-capacity communication system that ensures private interaction while safeguarding information from the broader context. This study used the four least significant bits for steganography to hide the message in a secure way using a hash function. Before steganography, the message is encrypted using one of the encryption techniques: Caesar cipher or Vigenère cipher. By altering only the least significant bits (LSBs), the changes between the original and stego images remain invisible to the human eye. The proposed method excels in secret data capacity, featuring a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and low mean square error (MSE). This approach offers significant payload capacity and dual-layer security (encryption and steganography).

The concept of encryption is noteworthy in terms of both familiarizing mathematically gifted students with technological developments and working with mathematically challenging tasks. Once the proper foundations are established, students can begin to formalize encryption and decryption with algebraic formulas. Encryption can be an important resource for developing functional thinking. Based on the given information, this study designed an encryption algorithm through linear patterns that can be presented as a teaching task in classroom environments to students who are learning at elementary school level and explained the implementation process. The task named "Encryption arising from patterns" is considered important in terms of both creating an encryption algorithm and providing content for the development of mathematical patterns and therefore functional thinking. In the task of "Encryption arising from patterns", the general term of the linear pattern was created by starting from two prime numbers. The numbers corresponding to the first 29 terms of this linear pattern have been calculated. The letters of the alphabet and the terms of the pattern were paired in order. Then, Caeser's Cipher was applied to the letters in the alphabet. Thus, the numbers corresponding to the key letters were assigned to the letters in plaintext. The letters of plaintext were sent to the receiver along with the numbers corresponding to the key letters and the first three steps of the linear pattern, and the encryption task was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of data security is essential because data must be maintained securely and in its integrity, starting with the sending procedure and ending with the intended recipient. One way to maintain data security is to use cryptographic techniques, which use data encryption characteristics to transmit messages in secret (information encoding). Information can be encrypted using the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad, symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The key must be changed as a critical component of the cryptographic procedure to enhance the data or text's security. This study aims to analyse text encryption on the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad (OTP) algorithms using a modified symmetric key by implementing a Genetic Algorithm, an optimisation algorithm. The research phase begins by adjusting the key using two types of Genetic Algorithm crossover operators, one-point crossover and two-point crossover, applied to the Caesar Cipher and OTP algorithms. Then testing and analysis of the ciphertext strength are carried out by comparing the frequency of character repetition with the results of implementing the two modification keys to determine which encoding model provides a better data security strength.

Recently, the movement of data between smart devices has piqued the world's curiosity because it transmits important and unimportant data via the Internet. Thus, important data must be encrypted during passing over a network so that information can only access by an intended receiver and processed by it. As a result, information security has become even more critical than before. Our proposal suggests a method to secure data in three stages using cryptography and steganography. The important message will divide into two parts a part will encrypt by Caesar Cipher and another by Vigenere Cipher. The ciphertext will process by Morse code and will then hide in a cover image using Least Significant Bits (LSB) technique. According to the value the of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained in this work our proposal has an extra security level and robustness. Finally, our research provides more security because of the mixture between cryptography and steganography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in medical systems has brought much ease in discharging healthcare services by medical practitioners. However, the security and privacy preservation of critical user data remain the reason the technology has not yet been fully maximized. Undoubtedly, a secure IoMT model that preserves individual users' privacy will enhance the wide acceptability of IoMT technology. However, existing works that have attempted to solve these privacy and insecurity problems are not space-conservative, computationally intensive, and also vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, an IoMT-based model that conserves the privacy of the data, is less computationally intensive, and is resistant to various cryptanalysis attacks is proposed. Specifically, an efficient privacy-preserving technique where an efficient searching algorithm through encrypted data was used and a hybrid cryptography algorithm that combines the modification of the Caesar cipher with the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) were projected to achieve user data security and privacy preservation of the patient. Furthermore, the modified algorithm can secure messages during transmission, perform key exchanges between clients and healthcare centres, and guarantee user authentication by authorized healthcare centres. The proposed IoMT model, leveraging the hybrid cryptography algorithm, was analysed and compared against different security attacks. The analysis results revealed that the model is secure, preserves the privacy of critical user information, and shows robust resistance against different cryptanalysis attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept that an important information cannot be known by parties who don’t have rights can be done by making the confidentiality of data using cryptography. Safety in vigenere ciphers depends on the number of keys used, the more the number of keys, the wider the key space. While caesar cipher or often also called caesar code is a classic coding system based on simple substitution. This study uses a combination of Vigenere Cipher and Caesar Cipher algorithms so that the security of the contents of the message is protected stronger and safer so that if the message sent is tapped by someone who is not responsible then the hijacker has difficulty knowing contents of the message. So that the confidentiality and authenticity of message is up to the recipient In this study successfully implemented both methods and has an output in the form of a reading symbol, not letters.

The progress of communication technology has had a positive impact on human life, including in the field of education. The education office is currently implementing computer-based exams starting from the State Higher Education Entrance Joint Selection (SBMPTN) exam to the School Final Examination. But with the implementation of computer-based exams this is of course the less secure the level, therefore the authors make this research with the aim of securing the exam data that will be tested with Hill cipher cryptography and Caesar cipher. Cryptography is a technique of hiding data that is done to secure data, in this case cryptography aims to secure data on exam questions.

The application of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in medical systems has brought much ease in discharging healthcare services by medical practitioners. However, the security and privacy preservation of critical user data remain the reason the technology has not yet been fully maximized. Undoubtedly, a secure IoMT model that preserves individual users’ privacy will enhance the wide acceptability of IoMT technology. However, existing works that have attempted to solve these privacy and insecurity problems are not space-conservative, computationally intensive, and also vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, an IoMT-based model that conserves the privacy of the data, is less computationally intensive, and is resistant to various cryptanalysis attacks is proposed. Specifically, an efficient privacy-preserving technique where an efficient searching algorithm through encrypted data was used and a hybrid cryptography algorithm that combines the modification of the Caesar cipher with the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) were projected to achieve user data security and privacy preservation of the patient. Furthermore, the modified algorithm can secure messages during transmission, perform key exchanges between clients and healthcare centres, and guarantee user authentication by authorized healthcare centres. The proposed IoMT model, leveraging the hybrid cryptography algorithm, was analysed and compared against different security attacks. The analysis results revealed that the model is secure, preserves the privacy of critical user information, and shows robust resistance against different cryptanalysis attacks.

The development of applications that can crack passwords or data that has been secured by cryptographic algorithms has made researchers try various ways to further secure the data they have. Even though the method used is quite modern, the algorithm for breaking ciphertext in cryptography can still be created. For this reason, in this study the authors develop cryptographic security by combining it with data compression. In this study, the algorithm used is the classic cryptographic algorithm, namely Caesar Cipher, combined with the Stout Codes compression algorithm. The results of the Caesar Cipher ciphertext are then compressed by applying the Stout Codes algorithm. From the test results using the Brute Force Atack model, the results are quite good, that the security of the encrypted data is quite good and not easily broken.

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Cryptography is one of the most popular fields of study these days as it is necessary to maintain the confidentiality of the data which is sent over the network. There are various cipher techniques available for encrypting the messages such as vernam cipher, mono-alphabetic cipher, poly-alphabetic cipher, etc. One of the most popular cipher techniques is the vigenere cipher. It is a poly-alphabetic cipher technique which uses the vigenere table for the process of encryption of alphabets. This paper extends the vigenere table by including numerical data, so that the numbers can also be encrypted using this technique. It combines the encryption process of vigenere and Caesar cipher for getting the cipher text from the given plaintext and key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesar cipher is a mono alphabetic cipher. It is also a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is 'shifted' a certain number of places down the alphabet. However, Caesar cipher method did not last long because of its simplicity and lack of communication security. Therefore, we believe that strengthen the key mechanism should increase its complexity against the various cryptanalysis attacks. This paper proposes an enhanced Caesar cipher method through adopting two private keys that are tied to the character positions (i.e. odd and even) for encryption and/or decryption. The two private keys are mapped into one public key to be transferred to the recipient. At the end, the results show that the new cryptosystem is inevitable to cryptanalysis attack. And the cipher text is reduced in size and thus, memory space. The public key generation process is proven to be a one-way function utilizing binary matrices that are generated and shared between the two communicating parties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]