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Sensor characteristic is essential, especially in the instrumentation system's design and application to get accurate and precise measurements. One f the sensor characteristics is static characteristic. Several static characteristics such as linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision are important to be identified.. This study assesses those four static characteristics on ultrasonic sensor HC-SR 04. The experiment method to get linearity and sensitivity of the sensor is by measuring the output voltage of ultrasonic sensor when it is placed in different distance from object. While the accuracy and precision of the sensor was analyzed from the read distance on the Arduino UNO display comparing to the distance measured by ruler. The results are then used to design an instrumentation system that was applied in water level control based on Arduino Uno. The results showed that the sensitivity of the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR 04 was 13.7 mV/cm and the linearity was 89.49% for the distance range between 0 and 100 cm. Moreover, the sensor accuracy and precision are 98.66% and 98.38% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen is the most essential nutrient in the soil that plants need to grow normally. In remote sensing technology, soils with different nitrogen content will show different spectral characteristics, especially in the RGB spectrum. This study measured the nitrogen content of soil collected from 20 soil samples obtained along sugarcane plantations in Jember Regency. The results showed that 85% of the samples had a Nitrogen content of less than 0.5%. Areas that have a nitrogen content of more than 0.5% are located in Balung, Patrang, and Rambi Puji sub-districts. In addition, an RGB index derived from the Sentinel-2A satellite data has been identified. There are 8 different index algorithms applied in this study. Based on the correlation analysis of the RGB index and soil nitrogen content, it shows that the average correlation coefficient of the RGB index and soil nitrogen content is 0.0567. According to the Pearson correlation strength category, it can be interpreted that there is a strong influence of soil nitrogen content on the soil RGB index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the content of chlorogenic acid in pure and mixed roasted Arabica and Robusta coffee. Coffee samples were selected from the Klungkung Jember Plantation and then roasted using various times and then the absorbance was observed to obtain information on the chlorogenic acid content. The absorbance value of chlorogenic acid in the sample is known based on the maximum absorption wavelength of the standard solution of chlorogenic acid at a wavelength of 200-400nm UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The coffee was roasted for 7 minutes at various temperatures that are 195°C, 215°C and 240°C. The used materials for mixture coffee are soybean and corn, respectively, with the fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Measurement of chlorogenic acid was conducted to the pure coffee samples of arabica coffee and robusta coffee. The measurements were also done to the mixed coffee, namely Arabica coffee mixed with soybeans with the above fractions at all three roasting temperatures. The sam same measurements were repeated to the mixture of robusta coffee and corn. The results showed that the content of chlorogenic acid is proportional to the content of the coffee fraction in the mixture, both in a mixture of Arabica coffee with corn and soybeans. Likewise, the mixture of robusta coffee with corn and soybeans have similar pattern. Meanwhile, the roasting temperature variations showed that higher roasting temperatures produced lower chlorogenic acid and the coffee mixed with soybeans has a higher chlorogenic acid content compare to the corn mixture material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture is one indicator or parameter of field quality. Soil moisture represents the soil water content which is essentially needed by vegetation to grow. Vegetation will experience with stress when the soil moisture is not adequate to grow the plant well. Therefore the soil moisture can be measured indirectly by determining the vegetation index by using remote sensing data. The methods applied in this study to calculate the vegetation index are soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and normalized difference moisture index (NOMI). The results showed that most areas (more than 80%) in Jember have high SAVI and NOMI values which represent high soil moisture and it is good for the plants to grow. This study also measured the soil moisture from 20 soil samples in different locations along Jember regency. It is found the relationship functions of soil moisture and SAVI by the linear function of y = 0,0182 x - 0,3731 with the linearity of 94.4%, while the linear function of soil moisture and NOMI is y = 0,0151 x - 0,3817 with linearity 94.6%. This study resulted a mathematical model to determine soil moisture value based on the SAVI or NOMI values from satellite data. The error of this model is only about 5%, means this model can be considered as accurate model to determine soil moisture from SAVI an NOMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RSUD dr. Soebandi the Jember general hospital belonging to the referral center and community treatment centers with complete facilities and services because the hospital is quite strategically located at the central point of four adjacent districts. RSUD dr. Soebandi is the densest hospital in Jember district area so it affects the inpatient patient that is in the process of healing or recovery. Patients in both inpatients and outpatients need comfort in the healing and recovery process. One of the things that affect patient comfort is the noise in the hospital environment where the patient is treated. Noise is an unwanted sound to be heard both subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, human conversations are natural to be heard in a certain atmosphere. But for patients who are taking a break in the process of recovery will be disturbed by the dealing noise around them. Therefore, the WHO and the Health Ministry of Indonesia set a maximum limit of allowable noise at the hospital is 55 dB. Human normal conversation is in the range intensity 30 dB - 50 dB, but 45 dB is the maximum allowable intensity value in the hospitalization set by the WHO (World Health Organization) and 55 dB stipulated by the Decree of the Health Minister of Indonesia in 2004. Some of the above reasons encourage the need for measurement of noise value in RSD dr. Soebandi is special in inpatient areas because the recommendations aimed at patients who are in the process of healing and recovery refer to some of the reasons described earlier. The result of measurement is the measured noise intensity value at some point of measurement at each location that is first class inpatient room consisting of Alamanda and Catleya buildings. The measurement results were plotted into contour and colour maps. The resulting contour map shows the distribution of noise intensity levels had different and distinct color degradation images. In addition, the contour map also presented graphs as a comparison of intensity values between active days and non-active days in each room and time measurement. Research data showed that in general the active day noise value is greater than the non-active days. The noise value within Alamanda building in active days was 48,31 dB while the noise intensity in non-active days was 46,36 dB. Meanwhile the noise values within Catleya building were 52,01 dB in active days while in the non-active day were averagely 47,38 dB. Based on those finding data, this study conclude that the noise level in RSD dr Subandi Jember was lower compare to the maximum value of noise allowed to be occurred in the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstrip antenna is an antenna made of a thin metal strip capable of working at high frequencies. The microstrip antenna has been widely used in wireless technology, one of for WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) networks. In the study S-shaped microstrip antenna was designed and manufactured for the frequency of 5 GHz. Characteristics of the S-shaped microstrip antenna were determined both by using simulation and measurement based on the microstrip antenna parameters. The microstrip antenna was designed in an S-shaped patch configuration with a small dimension of 3.5 x 3.5 cm using copper (annealed) and the substrate was rectangular using lossy FR-4 material with a thickness of 1.6 mm. This research found that the S-shaped microstrip antenna works at a frequency of 5 GHz with a return loss of -19.076 dB, VSWR is 1.25, bandwidth is 227 MHz (4.54%), and again of 4.28 dBi. The radiation pattern of the E and H fields leads to a bidirectional pattern that emits and receives signals in two specific focal directions. Measurement results then showed that S-Shaped microstrip antenna works at a frequency of 5 GHz with a return loss of -15.33 dB, VSWR is 1.41, a bandwidth of 190 MHz (3.58%). The microstrip antenna can be applied to WIFi of the frequency of 5 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eliminating ionospheric and/or atmospheric errors from SAR images is very important to improve the detection capability of interferometric SAR. In this study, we showed the improvement of the detection ability of the advanced Consecutive DInSAR method by applying the smoothing filter on continuous time domain, which is performed by the moving average method. The analytical accuracy of the Advanced Consecutive DInSAR was verified using Sentinel-1 and GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) data. The error reduction was occurred clearly from the 3 pairs images in the continuous time in the descending and ascending orbits. The RMSEs were decreased by 0.28 cm and 0.36 cm at the maximum for the descending and the ascending orbits, respectively, compared to no-using the filter. In the future, more highly accurate land deformation detection is expected by applying the smoothing filter on continuous time domain in the advanced Consecutive DInSAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2 is a photocatalyst material with low adsorption ability, while activated carbon is a sorbent material with high adsorption capacity. The combination of the two materials, producing TiO2-Activated Carbon (TiO2-AC), is expected to increase the photocatalytic activity of the material. In this research, TiO2-AC composite has been successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method by varying the activated carbon particles size (60 mesh, 150 mesh, and 200 mesh). In this synthesis process, TTIP has been used as a precursor. The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized material was carried out in the photodegradation experiment of Cr (VI) compounds under UV irradiation. Based on the photodegradation test, it was found that the TiO2-AC (200) composite had the highest photocatalytic activity, successfully degrading 46.75% Cr (VI) for 12 hours. Based on the SEM image of the material, it was found that the TiO2 particles had attached to the surface of the activated carbon. This result is also supported by EDS data which shows the presence of Ti element on the material's surface. FTIR analysis of the material shows a shift in the prominent absorption peak of the TiO2 material towards a higher wavenumber. This is possible because of the intermolecular bonds between TiO2 and activated carbon in the synthesized material. From the XRD data analysis, it was found that the TiO2 formed in the TiO2-AC composite was TiO2 anatase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for energy and power grows, so does the supply of fossil fuels, causing CO2 levels in the atmosphere to rise. The development of microbial activity-based fuel technology, also known as Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), is an energy source that can be produced. The technology is one of the alternative technology systems as an energy supplier with fuel cells that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy through a microorganism catalyst process. This research will be disclosed about the effect of several types of main vegetable waste on the MFC power density. This MCF system is made from a plastic container that is given a soil medium that functions as a source of microbes and membranes and is equipped with graphite fiber electrodes. Organic materials that function as natural substrates for MFCs come from mustard greens, kale, and spinach. The MFC experiment was divided into two groups: (1) the group without the addition of vegetable waste, (2) the group with the addition of vegetable waste. The optimum power, 134 W, was produced by MFC on giving spinach dregs. The optimum power density value is 211 mW/m2, the optimum average voltage is 0.804 V, and the optimum current is 2.37 mA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The queue for transporting sugar cane from rice fields in sugar mills is very long and requires a long time. This creates a shortage of funds and time because workers must be in the queue. The need for rapid measurement in sugar cane at the sugar factory is expected to provide a solution to the problem. In this study we introduced a measurement system using multisample that can be measured simultaneously. The measurement system consists of three glass prisms, three photodiode array sensors, a multiplexer and ADC, and a computer. The measurement system in this study was used to measure the concentration of sugar from concentrations of 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The results showed that the measurements went well, because all the results of the measurement measurements on the monitor screen. The measurement system can manage each measurement directly using three samples at a time. In this way the measurement takes place faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar production from sugarcane plants depends on their sugar content in the unit of % Brix. The higher value of Brix percentage, the sugar production will be increase. In the field of sugarcane, there is term of Commercial Cane Sugar (CSS) or Sugarcane quality index which describes the approximation percentage of sugar content from fresh sugar cane. The idea of non-destructive measurement leads us to propose the designed non-destructive Brixmeter based on the optical properties of sugar content. This design of measurement in the scale of Brix uses photometer with spectroscopic techniques. Our instrument employs LED as a light source and photodiode array as a detector. The system employed a pin photodetector as a sensor, LED, operational amplifiers (Op-Amp), an ADC, and a computer. The main operation of the measurement system was conducted by the sensor and the computer controlled system. The signal from pin photodiode sensor was sent to the signal processing unit (op-amp and ADC). Then the digital code was counted by controller and displayed in the computer screen. The LED-refractometer was calibrated using a standard solution liquid, and the results compared to the digital spectrophotometer (scientific spectrophotometer). The results showed that the LED-refractometer is able to measure sugar content of sugarcane plantation in field in the accuracy of 95% compare to the digital spectrophotometer as a standard meter to measured sugar content of solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change can potentially propagate the hydrological alteration and cause severe hydro-meteorological disasters (such as landslide, flood or flash flood, or drought) that potentially occurred around the watershed areas. LULC change assessment in long time series is the primer step to evaluate and better manage the sustainability of natural resources. In this study, the Landsat images (dated from 1970 to 2020) were used as the primary input to calculate the LULC change in the Bedadung watershed. The Watershed (1002,85 km2) covers about 30% of the Jember regency area. The City of Jember is located in the middle of the Watershed. This study use Landsat 1 MSS, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS captured from 1972 to 2020 as main input. The images data are processed using open-source image processing software. Furthermore, classification processes apply to produce LULC maps of 1972, 1997, 2002, 2017, and 2020. The LULC change is analysed by comparing the area extent occupied for eight LULC classes (i.e., built-up or pavement areas; paddy field; heterogeneous agricultural land; dense vegetation; sparse vegetation; barren land/sand/rock; shrubland; and water body. The results show that the change of pavement area slightly increased (by 3,63 % average) from 1972 to 1997 (25 years), and then increased significantly by 9,59% (average per year) from the period 1997 to 2020 (23 years). However, a very significant change was observed from 2017 to 2020, by 16,49% a year. The pavement area has increased significantly in the City of Jember during the last years and shows the rate of LULC change resulting from human-induced activities (i.e., residential use, industrial sites, road, and city infrastructures). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]